+
+High performance computing environments like MPI (Message Passing
+Interface) \cite{Gro94} are widely used and have proved their efficiency. This
+class of systems are very tightly coupled and powerful but not very error
+tolerant. Cluster computing environments like Condor
+\cite{condor-practice} and volunteer computing systems like BOINC \cite{boinc} are loosely coupled and
+have a scheduler that distributes tasks to computing nodes. Cluster
+computing environments assume the fact that nodes are in general
+directly accessible, one to another, but this does not apply to
+volunteer computing systems.
+