+
+% Some very useful LaTeX packages include:
+% (uncomment the ones you want to load)
+
+
+% *** MISC UTILITY PACKAGES ***
+%
+%\usepackage{ifpdf}
+% Heiko Oberdiek's ifpdf.sty is very useful if you need conditional
+% compilation based on whether the output is pdf or dvi.
+% usage:
+% \ifpdf
+% % pdf code
+% \else
+% % dvi code
+% \fi
+% The latest version of ifpdf.sty can be obtained from:
+% http://www.ctan.org/pkg/ifpdf
+% Also, note that IEEEtran.cls V1.7 and later provides a builtin
+% \ifCLASSINFOpdf conditional that works the same way.
+% When switching from latex to pdflatex and vice-versa, the compiler may
+% have to be run twice to clear warning/error messages.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+% *** CITATION PACKAGES ***
+%
+%\usepackage{cite}
+% cite.sty was written by Donald Arseneau
+% V1.6 and later of IEEEtran pre-defines the format of the cite.sty package
+% \cite{} output to follow that of the IEEE. Loading the cite package will
+% result in citation numbers being automatically sorted and properly
+% "compressed/ranged". e.g., [1], [9], [2], [7], [5], [6] without using
+% cite.sty will become [1], [2], [5]--[7], [9] using cite.sty. cite.sty's
+% \cite will automatically add leading space, if needed. Use cite.sty's
+% noadjust option (cite.sty V3.8 and later) if you want to turn this off
+% such as if a citation ever needs to be enclosed in parenthesis.
+% cite.sty is already installed on most LaTeX systems. Be sure and use
+% version 5.0 (2009-03-20) and later if using hyperref.sty.
+% The latest version can be obtained at:
+% http://www.ctan.org/pkg/cite
+% The documentation is contained in the cite.sty file itself.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+% *** GRAPHICS RELATED PACKAGES ***
+%
+\ifCLASSINFOpdf
+ % \usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx}
+ % declare the path(s) where your graphic files are
+ % \graphicspath{{../pdf/}{../jpeg/}}
+ % and their extensions so you won't have to specify these with
+ % every instance of \includegraphics
+ % \DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.jpeg,.png}
+\else
+ % or other class option (dvipsone, dvipdf, if not using dvips). graphicx
+ % will default to the driver specified in the system graphics.cfg if no
+ % driver is specified.
+ % \usepackage[dvips]{graphicx}
+ % declare the path(s) where your graphic files are
+ % \graphicspath{{../eps/}}
+ % and their extensions so you won't have to specify these with
+ % every instance of \includegraphics
+ % \DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.eps}
+\fi
+% graphicx was written by David Carlisle and Sebastian Rahtz. It is
+% required if you want graphics, photos, etc. graphicx.sty is already
+% installed on most LaTeX systems. The latest version and documentation
+% can be obtained at:
+% http://www.ctan.org/pkg/graphicx
+% Another good source of documentation is "Using Imported Graphics in
+% LaTeX2e" by Keith Reckdahl which can be found at:
+% http://www.ctan.org/pkg/epslatex
+%
+% latex, and pdflatex in dvi mode, support graphics in encapsulated
+% postscript (.eps) format. pdflatex in pdf mode supports graphics
+% in .pdf, .jpeg, .png and .mps (metapost) formats. Users should ensure
+% that all non-photo figures use a vector format (.eps, .pdf, .mps) and
+% not a bitmapped formats (.jpeg, .png). The IEEE frowns on bitmapped formats
+% which can result in "jaggedy"/blurry rendering of lines and letters as
+% well as large increases in file sizes.
+%
+% You can find documentation about the pdfTeX application at:
+% http://www.tug.org/applications/pdftex
+
+
+
+
+
+% *** MATH PACKAGES ***
+%
+%\usepackage{amsmath}
+% A popular package from the American Mathematical Society that provides
+% many useful and powerful commands for dealing with mathematics.
+%
+% Note that the amsmath package sets \interdisplaylinepenalty to 10000
+% thus preventing page breaks from occurring within multiline equations. Use:
+%\interdisplaylinepenalty=2500
+% after loading amsmath to restore such page breaks as IEEEtran.cls normally
+% does. amsmath.sty is already installed on most LaTeX systems. The latest
+% version and documentation can be obtained at:
+% http://www.ctan.org/pkg/amsmath
+
+
+
+
+
+% *** SPECIALIZED LIST PACKAGES ***
+%
+%\usepackage{algorithmic}
+% algorithmic.sty was written by Peter Williams and Rogerio Brito.
+% This package provides an algorithmic environment fo describing algorithms.
+% You can use the algorithmic environment in-text or within a figure
+% environment to provide for a floating algorithm. Do NOT use the algorithm
+% floating environment provided by algorithm.sty (by the same authors) or
+% algorithm2e.sty (by Christophe Fiorio) as the IEEE does not use dedicated
+% algorithm float types and packages that provide these will not provide
+% correct IEEE style captions. The latest version and documentation of
+% algorithmic.sty can be obtained at:
+% http://www.ctan.org/pkg/algorithms
+% Also of interest may be the (relatively newer and more customizable)
+% algorithmicx.sty package by Szasz Janos:
+% http://www.ctan.org/pkg/algorithmicx
+
+
+
+
+% *** ALIGNMENT PACKAGES ***
+%
+%\usepackage{array}
+% Frank Mittelbach's and David Carlisle's array.sty patches and improves
+% the standard LaTeX2e array and tabular environments to provide better
+% appearance and additional user controls. As the default LaTeX2e table
+% generation code is lacking to the point of almost being broken with
+% respect to the quality of the end results, all users are strongly
+% advised to use an enhanced (at the very least that provided by array.sty)
+% set of table tools. array.sty is already installed on most systems. The
+% latest version and documentation can be obtained at:
+% http://www.ctan.org/pkg/array
+
+
+% IEEEtran contains the IEEEeqnarray family of commands that can be used to
+% generate multiline equations as well as matrices, tables, etc., of high
+% quality.
+
+
+
+
+% *** SUBFIGURE PACKAGES ***
+%\ifCLASSOPTIONcompsoc
+% \usepackage[caption=false,font=normalsize,labelfont=sf,textfont=sf]{subfig}
+%\else
+% \usepackage[caption=false,font=footnotesize]{subfig}
+%\fi
+% subfig.sty, written by Steven Douglas Cochran, is the modern replacement
+% for subfigure.sty, the latter of which is no longer maintained and is
+% incompatible with some LaTeX packages including fixltx2e. However,
+% subfig.sty requires and automatically loads Axel Sommerfeldt's caption.sty
+% which will override IEEEtran.cls' handling of captions and this will result
+% in non-IEEE style figure/table captions. To prevent this problem, be sure
+% and invoke subfig.sty's "caption=false" package option (available since
+% subfig.sty version 1.3, 2005/06/28) as this is will preserve IEEEtran.cls
+% handling of captions.
+% Note that the Computer Society format requires a larger sans serif font
+% than the serif footnote size font used in traditional IEEE formatting
+% and thus the need to invoke different subfig.sty package options depending
+% on whether compsoc mode has been enabled.
+%
+% The latest version and documentation of subfig.sty can be obtained at:
+% http://www.ctan.org/pkg/subfig
+
+
+
+
+% *** FLOAT PACKAGES ***
+%
+%\usepackage{fixltx2e}
+% fixltx2e, the successor to the earlier fix2col.sty, was written by
+% Frank Mittelbach and David Carlisle. This package corrects a few problems
+% in the LaTeX2e kernel, the most notable of which is that in current
+% LaTeX2e releases, the ordering of single and double column floats is not
+% guaranteed to be preserved. Thus, an unpatched LaTeX2e can allow a
+% single column figure to be placed prior to an earlier double column
+% figure.
+% Be aware that LaTeX2e kernels dated 2015 and later have fixltx2e.sty's
+% corrections already built into the system in which case a warning will
+% be issued if an attempt is made to load fixltx2e.sty as it is no longer
+% needed.
+% The latest version and documentation can be found at:
+% http://www.ctan.org/pkg/fixltx2e
+
+
+%\usepackage{stfloats}
+% stfloats.sty was written by Sigitas Tolusis. This package gives LaTeX2e
+% the ability to do double column floats at the bottom of the page as well
+% as the top. (e.g., "\begin{figure*}[!b]" is not normally possible in
+% LaTeX2e). It also provides a command:
+%\fnbelowfloat
+% to enable the placement of footnotes below bottom floats (the standard
+% LaTeX2e kernel puts them above bottom floats). This is an invasive package
+% which rewrites many portions of the LaTeX2e float routines. It may not work
+% with other packages that modify the LaTeX2e float routines. The latest
+% version and documentation can be obtained at:
+% http://www.ctan.org/pkg/stfloats
+% Do not use the stfloats baselinefloat ability as the IEEE does not allow
+% \baselineskip to stretch. Authors submitting work to the IEEE should note
+% that the IEEE rarely uses double column equations and that authors should try
+% to avoid such use. Do not be tempted to use the cuted.sty or midfloat.sty
+% packages (also by Sigitas Tolusis) as the IEEE does not format its papers in
+% such ways.
+% Do not attempt to use stfloats with fixltx2e as they are incompatible.
+% Instead, use Morten Hogholm'a dblfloatfix which combines the features
+% of both fixltx2e and stfloats:
+%
+% \usepackage{dblfloatfix}
+% The latest version can be found at:
+% http://www.ctan.org/pkg/dblfloatfix
+
+
+
+
+%\ifCLASSOPTIONcaptionsoff
+% \usepackage[nomarkers]{endfloat}
+% \let\MYoriglatexcaption\caption
+% \renewcommand{\caption}[2][\relax]{\MYoriglatexcaption[#2]{#2}}
+%\fi
+% endfloat.sty was written by James Darrell McCauley, Jeff Goldberg and
+% Axel Sommerfeldt. This package may be useful when used in conjunction with
+% IEEEtran.cls' captionsoff option. Some IEEE journals/societies require that
+% submissions have lists of figures/tables at the end of the paper and that
+% figures/tables without any captions are placed on a page by themselves at
+% the end of the document. If needed, the draftcls IEEEtran class option or
+% \CLASSINPUTbaselinestretch interface can be used to increase the line
+% spacing as well. Be sure and use the nomarkers option of endfloat to
+% prevent endfloat from "marking" where the figures would have been placed
+% in the text. The two hack lines of code above are a slight modification of
+% that suggested by in the endfloat docs (section 8.4.1) to ensure that
+% the full captions always appear in the list of figures/tables - even if
+% the user used the short optional argument of \caption[]{}.
+% IEEE papers do not typically make use of \caption[]'s optional argument,
+% so this should not be an issue. A similar trick can be used to disable
+% captions of packages such as subfig.sty that lack options to turn off
+% the subcaptions:
+% For subfig.sty:
+% \let\MYorigsubfloat\subfloat
+% \renewcommand{\subfloat}[2][\relax]{\MYorigsubfloat[]{#2}}
+% However, the above trick will not work if both optional arguments of
+% the \subfloat command are used. Furthermore, there needs to be a
+% description of each subfigure *somewhere* and endfloat does not add
+% subfigure captions to its list of figures. Thus, the best approach is to
+% avoid the use of subfigure captions (many IEEE journals avoid them anyway)
+% and instead reference/explain all the subfigures within the main caption.
+% The latest version of endfloat.sty and its documentation can obtained at:
+% http://www.ctan.org/pkg/endfloat
+%
+% The IEEEtran \ifCLASSOPTIONcaptionsoff conditional can also be used
+% later in the document, say, to conditionally put the References on a
+% page by themselves.
+
+
+
+
+% *** PDF, URL AND HYPERLINK PACKAGES ***
+%
+%\usepackage{url}
+% url.sty was written by Donald Arseneau. It provides better support for
+% handling and breaking URLs. url.sty is already installed on most LaTeX
+% systems. The latest version and documentation can be obtained at:
+% http://www.ctan.org/pkg/url
+% Basically, \url{my_url_here}.
+
+
+
+
+% *** Do not adjust lengths that control margins, column widths, etc. ***
+% *** Do not use packages that alter fonts (such as pslatex). ***
+% There should be no need to do such things with IEEEtran.cls V1.6 and later.
+% (Unless specifically asked to do so by the journal or conference you plan
+% to submit to, of course. )
+
+
+% correct bad hyphenation here
+\hyphenation{op-tical net-works semi-conduc-tor}
+
+
+\begin{document}
+%
+% paper title
+% Titles are generally capitalized except for words such as a, an, and, as,
+% at, but, by, for, in, nor, of, on, or, the, to and up, which are usually
+% not capitalized unless they are the first or last word of the title.
+% Linebreaks \\ can be used within to get better formatting as desired.
+% Do not put math or special symbols in the title.
