X-Git-Url: https://bilbo.iut-bm.univ-fcomte.fr/and/gitweb/16dcc.git/blobdiff_plain/3fc31015143d2bab7226a54390f3e1c5eba8f4d5..dc38289efffc51c12872f9b0be76aefc25b32a05:/hamilton.tex diff --git a/hamilton.tex b/hamilton.tex index 32888bd..a48fc62 100644 --- a/hamilton.tex +++ b/hamilton.tex @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ the number of transitions of each element must differ at most by 2. This uniformity is a global property on the cycle, \textit{i.e.}, a property that is established while traversing the whole cycle. -On the opposite side, when the objective is to follow a subpart +On the other hand, when the objective is to follow a subpart of the Gray code and to switch each element approximately the same amount of times, local properties are wished. @@ -21,11 +21,11 @@ $b$ times to produce a pseudorandom number, \textit{i.e.}, a vertex in the $\mathsf{N}$-cube. Obviously, the number of iterations $b$ has to be sufficiently large -to provide an uniform output distribution. +to provide a uniform output distribution. To reduce the number of iterations, it can be claimed that the provided Gray code should ideally possess both balanced and locally balanced properties. -However, none of the two algorithms is compatible with the second one: +However, both algorithms are incompatible with the second one: balanced Gray codes that are generated by state of the art works~\cite{ZanSup04,DBLP:journals/combinatorics/BhatS96} are not locally balanced. Conversely, locally balanced Gray codes yielded by Igor Bykov approach~\cite{Bykov2016} are not globally balanced. @@ -40,13 +40,13 @@ namely~\cite{Robinson:1981:CS},~\cite{DBLP:journals/combinatorics/BhatS96}, and~\cite{ZanSup04} have addressed the problem of providing an approach to produce balanced gray code. The authors of~\cite{Robinson:1981:CS} introduced an inductive approach -aiming at producing balanced Gray codes, provided the user gives +aiming at producing balanced Gray codes, assuming the user gives a special subsequence of the transition sequence at each induction step. -This work have been strengthened in~\cite{DBLP:journals/combinatorics/BhatS96} -where the authors have explicitly shown how to construct such a subsequence. +This work has been strengthened in~\cite{DBLP:journals/combinatorics/BhatS96} +where the authors have explicitly shown how to build such a subsequence. Finally the authors of~\cite{ZanSup04} have presented the \emph{Robinson-Cohn extension} -algorithm. Their rigorous presentation of this one +algorithm. Their rigorous presentation of this algorithm has mainly allowed them to prove two properties. The former states that if $\mathsf{N}$ is a 2-power, a balanced Gray code is always totally balanced. @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ exists a Gray code such that all transition count numbers are 2-powers whose exponents are either equal or differ from each other by 1. However, the authors do not prove that the approach allows to build -(totally balanced) Gray code. +(totally balanced) Gray codes. What follows shows that this fact is established and first recalls the approach. @@ -86,10 +86,10 @@ two elements have been exchanged. It has been proven in~\cite{ZanSup04} that $S_{\mathsf{N}}$ is the transition sequence of a cyclic $\mathsf{N}$-bits Gray code if $S_{\mathsf{N}-2}$ is. -However, the step~(\ref{item:nondet}) is not a constructive -step that precises how to select the subsequences which ensures that +However, step~(\ref{item:nondet}) is not a constructive +step that precises how to select the subsequences which ensure that yielded Gray code is balanced. -Next section shows how to choose the sequence $l$ to have the balance property. +Following sections show how to choose the sequence $l$ to have the balance property. \subsection{Balanced Codes} Let us first recall how to formalize the balance property of a Gray code. @@ -118,14 +118,13 @@ the Hamiltonian cycle that has been removed in $f^*$. Its transition sequence is $S=3,1,3,2,3,1,3,2$ and its transition count function is $\textit{TC}_3(1)= \textit{TC}_3(2)=2$ and $\textit{TC}_3(3)=4$. Such a Gray code is balanced. -Let now -$L^4=0000, 0010, 0110, 1110, 1111, 0111, 0011,$ $0001, 0101,0100,$ $1100, 1101, 1001, 1011, 1010, 1000$ +Let $L^4$ $=0000,0010,0110,1110,1111,0111,0011,0001,0101,0100,1100,1101,1001,1011,1010,1000$ be a cyclic Gray code. Since $S=2,3,4,1,4,$ $3,2,3,1,4,1,3,2,1,2,4$, $\textit{TC}_4$ is equal to 4 everywhere, this code is thus totally balanced. On the contrary, for the standard $4$-bits Gray code -$L^{\textit{st}}=0000,0001,0011,$ -$0010,0110,0111,0101,0100,1100,1101,1111,1110,1010,1011,1001,1000$, +$L^{\textit{st}}=0000,0001,0011, +0010,0110,0111,0101,0100,$ \newline $1100,1101,1111,1110,1010,1011,1001,1000$, we have $\textit{TC}_4(1)=8$ $\textit{TC}_4(2)=4$ $\textit{TC}_4(3)=\textit{TC}_4(4)=2$ and the code is neither balanced nor totally balanced. \end{xpl} @@ -168,7 +167,7 @@ odd and even initial values. For the inductive case, let us first define some variables. Let $c_{\mathsf{N}}$ (resp. $d_{\mathsf{N}}$) be the number of elements whose transition count is exactly $a_{\mathsf{N}}$ (resp $a_{\mathsf{N}} +2$). -These two variables are defined by the system +Both of these variables are defined by the system \[ \left\{ @@ -265,7 +264,7 @@ When $3 \le N \le 7$, values are defined as follows: \textit{TC}_{4} & = & [4,4,4,4] \\ \textit{TC}_{6} & = & [10,10,10,10,12,12] \\ \end{eqnarray*} -It is not hard to verify that all these instanciations verify the aformentioned contraints. +It is not difficult to check that all these instanciations verify the aforementioned constraints. When $N \ge 8$, $\textit{TC}_{\mathsf{N}}(i)$ is defined as follows: \begin{equation}