X-Git-Url: https://bilbo.iut-bm.univ-fcomte.fr/and/gitweb/HindawiJournalOfChaos.git/blobdiff_plain/f5dfadd98093d3fb12f61c1b56c7e2c0b56a2a25..7d215ac81cb51343a34242683ce9b162170cb852:/article.tex?ds=sidebyside

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 \begin{abstract}
-Information hiding schemes are studied 
-Spread-spectrum data-hiding techniques have been widely studied in recent years
-under the scope of security. These techniques encompass several schemes, such as 
-Improved Spread Spectrum~(ISS), Circular Watermarking~(CW), and Natural 
-Watermarking~(NW). Some of these schemes have revealed various 
-security issues. On the contrary, it has
-been proven in~\cite{Cayre2008} that the Natural Watermarking technique is 
-stego-secure. This stego-security is one of the security classes defined 
-in~\cite{Cayre2008}, where probabilistic models are used to 
-categorize the security of data hiding algorithms in the Watermark Only 
-Attack~(WOA) framework.
-
-We have explained in our previous research works~\cite{guyeux13:bc}
-that any algorithm can be rewritten as an iterative
-process, leading to the possibility to study its
-topological behavior. As a concrete example, 
-we have shown that the security level of some information hiding algorithms 
-(of the spread-spectrum kind) can be studied into a 
-novel framework based on unpredictability, as it is understood in the mathematical
-theory of chaos~\cite{guyeux13:bc}. 
-The key idea motivating our research works is that: \emph{if artificial intelligence (AI)
-tools seem to have difficulties to deal with chaos, then steganalyzers (software based 
-on AI that try to separate original from stego-contents) may
-be proven defective against chaotic information hiding schemes}. Our work
-has thus constituted in showing theoretically that such chaotic schemes can be constructed. 
-We are not looking to struggle with best available information hiding techniques and
-we do not focus on effective and operational aspects, as
-our questioning are more locating in a conceptual domain. Among other things, we do
-not specify how to chose embedding coefficients, but the way to insert the hidden
-message in a selection of these ``least significant coefficient'' in an unpredictable
-manner. To say this another
-way, our intention is not to realize an hidden channel that does not appear as sleazy
-to a steganalyzer, but to construct an information hiding scheme whose behavior cannot
-be predicted: supposing that the adversary has anything (algorithm, possible embedding 
-coefficient, etc.) but the secret key, we want to determine if he can predict which coefficients
-will be finally used, and in which order. To do so, a new class of security has been 
-introduced in~\cite{bg10b:ip}, namely the topological security. This new class can be used to study 
-some categories of attacks that are difficult to investigate in the existing 
-security approach. It also enriches the variety of qualitative and quantitative 
-tools that evaluate how strong the security is, thus reinforcing the confidence 
-that can be added in a given scheme. 
-
-In addition of being stego-secure, we have proven in~\cite{gfb10:ip} that 
-Natural Watermarking (NW) technique is topologically secure. Moreover, this technique 
-possesses additional properties of unpredictability, namely, strong transitivity,
-topological mixing, and a constant of sensitivity equal to $\frac{N}{2}$~\cite{Guyeux2012}.
-However NW are not expansive, which is in our opinion problematic in the Constant-Message 
-Attack (CMA) and Known Message Attack (KMA) setups, when we
-consider that the attacker has all but the embedding key~\cite{Guyeux2012}. 
-Since these initial investigations, our research works in that information hiding field have
-thus consisted in searching more secure schemes than NW, regarding the 
-concerns presented in the first paragraph of this introduction. The objective
-of this review paper is to list the results obtained by following such an approach.
-
-This article is organized as follows. Notations and terminologies are firstly recalled in 
-the next section. Then the formerly published $\mathcal{CIW}_1$ chaotic iteration based one-bit watermarking 
-process is recalled in detail in Section~\ref{sec:ciw1}. Its steganographic version $\mathcal{CIS}_2$ 
-is then explained in Section~\ref{sec:secrypt11}, while Section~\ref{di3sec} presents the
-$\mathcal{DI}_3$ process, whose aims is to merge the two previous approaches.
-This review article of chaotic iterations based information hiding algorithms 
-ends by a conclusion section containing intended future works.
-
+Steganographic Information Hiding (IH) schemes 
+are in competition with Artificial Intelligence based
+Steganalysers. 
+However, such kind of latter approaches suffer for dealing with
+unpredictable behaviors.
+The open problem is how defective they can be  
+proven against IH schemes based on mathematical chaos,
+since this framework is theoretically and practically unpredictable.
+This article addresses this problem and presents a review of IH schemes
+based on Devaney's mathematical chaos.
 \end{abstract}
 
 \input{IH/intro}