X-Git-Url: https://bilbo.iut-bm.univ-fcomte.fr/and/gitweb/LiCO.git/blobdiff_plain/96d9b61965449470ef69145928021ced6bdc607d..8672f2758b38ef0ee17391e8ae39be587be825c3:/PeCO-EO/articleeo.tex diff --git a/PeCO-EO/articleeo.tex b/PeCO-EO/articleeo.tex index 23f8cb3..b6becc3 100644 --- a/PeCO-EO/articleeo.tex +++ b/PeCO-EO/articleeo.tex @@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ in the current period. Each sensor node determines its position and its subregion using an embedded GPS or a location discovery algorithm. After that, all the sensors collect position coordinates, remaining energy, sensor node ID, and the number of their one-hop live neighbors during the information exchange. -\textcolor{blue}{Both INFO packet and ActiveSleep packet contain two parts: header and data payload. The sensor ID is included in the header, where the header size is 8 bits. The data part includes position coordinates (64 bits), remaining energy (32 bits), and the number of one-hop live neighbors (8 bits). Therefore the size of the INFO packet is 112 bits. The ActiveSleep packet is 16 bits size, 8 bits for the header and 8 bits for data part that includes only sensor status (0 or 1).} +\textcolor{green}{Both INFO packet and ActiveSleep packet contain two parts: header and data payload. The sensor ID is included in the header, where the header size is 8 bits. The data part includes position coordinates (64 bits), remaining energy (32 bits), and the number of one-hop live neighbors (8 bits). Therefore the size of the INFO packet is 112 bits. The ActiveSleep packet is 16 bits size, 8 bits for the header and 8 bits for data part that includes only sensor status (0 or 1).} The sensors inside a same region cooperate to elect a leader. The selection criteria for the leader are (in order of priority): \begin{enumerate} @@ -719,8 +719,8 @@ approach. sensing period~$p$, $R$ is the number of subregions, and $|J|$ is the number of sensors in the network. -\item {\bf \textcolor{blue}{Energy Saving Ratio (ESR)}}: -\textcolor{blue}{this metric, which shows the ability of a protocol to save energy, is defined by: +\item {\bf \textcolor{green}{Energy Saving Ratio (ESR)}}: +\textcolor{green}{this metric, which shows the ability of a protocol to save energy, is defined by: \begin{equation*} \scriptsize \mbox{ESR}(\%) = \frac{\mbox{Number of alive sensors during this round}} @@ -853,12 +853,10 @@ keeping a greater coverage ratio as shown in Figure \ref{figure5}. \label{figure6} \end{figure} -\subsubsection{\textcolor{blue}{Energy Saving Ratio}} +\subsubsection{\textcolor{green}{Energy Saving Ratio}} -%\textcolor{blue}{In this experiment, we study the energy saving ratio, see Figure~\ref{fig5}, for 200 deployed nodes. -%The larger the ratio is, the more redundant sensor nodes are switched off, and consequently the longer the network may liv%e. } -\textcolor{blue}{The simulation results show that our protocol PeCO saves +\textcolor{green}{The simulation results show that our protocol PeCO saves efficiently energy by turning off some sensors during the sensing phase. As shown in Figure~\ref{fig5}, GAF provides better energy saving than PeCO for the first fifty rounds. Indeed GAF balances the energy consumption among @@ -934,14 +932,12 @@ for different coverage ratios. We denote by Protocol/70, Protocol/80, Protocol/85, Protocol/90, and Protocol/95 the amount of time during which the network can satisfy an area coverage greater than $70\%$, $80\%$, $85\%$, $90\%$, and $95\%$ respectively, where the term Protocol refers to DiLCO or -PeCO. \textcolor{blue}{Indeed there are applications that do not require a 100\% coverage of the +PeCO. \textcolor{green}{Indeed there are applications that do not require a 100\% coverage of the area to be monitored. For example, forest fire application might require complete coverage in summer seasons while only require 80$\%$ of the area to be covered in rainy seasons~\citep{li2011transforming}. As another example, birds habit study requires only 70$\%$-coverage at nighttime when the birds are sleeping while requires 100$\%$-coverage at daytime when the birds are active~\citep{1279193}. -%Mudflows monitoring applications may require part of the area to be covered in sunny days. Thus, to extend network lifetime, the coverage quality can be decreased if it is acceptable~\citep{wang2014keeping}}. PeCO always outperforms DiLCO for the three lower coverage ratios, moreover the improvements grow with the network size. DiLCO outperforms PeCO when the coverage ratio is required to be $>90\%$, but PeCO extends the network lifetime significantly when coverage ratio can be relaxed.} -%DiLCO is better for coverage ratios near 100\%, but in that case PeCO is not ineffective for the smallest network sizes. \begin{figure}[h!] \centering \includegraphics[scale=0.55]{figure9.eps} @@ -966,7 +962,7 @@ $\beta=0.4$ seems to achieve the best compromise between lifetime and coverage ratio. That explains why we have chosen this setting for the experiments presented in the previous subsections. -%As can be seen in Table~\ref{my-labelx}, it is obvious and clear that when $\alpha$ decreased and $\beta$ increased by any step, the network lifetime for $Lifetime_{50}$ increased and the $Lifetime_{95}$ decreased. Therefore, selecting the values of $\alpha$ and $\beta$ depend on the application type used in the sensor nework. In PeCO protocol, $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are chosen based on the largest value of network lifetime for $Lifetime_{95}$. + \begin{table}[h] \centering