Update by Ali

diff --git a/PeCO-EO/articleeo.aux b/PeCO-EO/articleeo.aux
index 7f906744e6b91bfc662894a9466ee3b15c2e23c5..2e2fcb4f4703f400bf5618c8b170b26a7db305d5 100644 (file)
--- a/PeCO-EO/articleeo.aux
+++ b/PeCO-EO/articleeo.aux
@@ -60,24 +60,27 @@
 \citation{glpk}
 \citation{iamigo:cplex}
 \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2}Simulation Results}{12}}
 \citation{glpk}
 \citation{iamigo:cplex}
 \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2}Simulation Results}{12}}

-\newlabel{tab:EC}{{3}{12}}

 \citation{ChinhVu}
 \citation{xu2001geography}
 \citation{Idrees2}
 \citation{idrees2014coverage}
 \citation{ChinhVu}
 \citation{xu2001geography}
 \citation{Idrees2}
 \citation{idrees2014coverage}

+\newlabel{tab:EC}{{3}{13}}

 \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {5.2.1}Coverage Ratio}{13}}
 \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {5.2.1}Coverage Ratio}{13}}

-\newlabel{figure5}{{5}{13}}
-\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {5.2.2}Active Sensors Ratio}{14}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {5.2.2}Active Sensors Ratio}{13}}
+\newlabel{figure5}{{5}{14}}

 \newlabel{figure6}{{6}{14}}
 \newlabel{figure6}{{6}{14}}

-\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {5.2.3}Energy Consumption}{14}}
-\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {5.2.4}Network Lifetime}{14}}
-\newlabel{figure7}{{7}{15}}
-\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {5.2.5}Impact of $\alpha $ and $\beta $ on PeCO's performance}{15}}
-\newlabel{sec:Impact}{{5.2.5}{15}}
-\newlabel{figure8}{{8}{16}}
-\newlabel{figure9}{{9}{16}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {5.2.3}\leavevmode {\color  {blue}Energy Saving Ratio (ESR)}}{14}}
+\citation{vu2009universal}
+\newlabel{fig5}{{7}{15}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {5.2.4}Energy Consumption}{15}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {5.2.5}Network Lifetime}{15}}
+\newlabel{figure7}{{8}{16}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {5.2.6}Impact of $\alpha $ and $\beta $ on PeCO's performance}{16}}
+\newlabel{sec:Impact}{{5.2.6}{16}}

 \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6}Conclusion and Future Works}{16}}
 \newlabel{sec:Conclusion and Future Works}{{6}{16}}
 \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6}Conclusion and Future Works}{16}}
 \newlabel{sec:Conclusion and Future Works}{{6}{16}}

+\newlabel{figure8}{{9}{17}}
+\newlabel{figure9}{{10}{17}}

 \bibstyle{gENO}
 \bibdata{biblio}
 \bibcite{akyildiz2002wireless}{{1}{2002}{{Akyildiz et~al.}}{{Akyildiz, Su, Sankarasubramaniam, and Cayirci}}}
 \bibstyle{gENO}
 \bibdata{biblio}
 \bibcite{akyildiz2002wireless}{{1}{2002}{{Akyildiz et~al.}}{{Akyildiz, Su, Sankarasubramaniam, and Cayirci}}}


@@ -85,9 +88,9 @@
 \bibcite{berman04}{{3}{2004}{{Berman and Calinescu}}{{}}}
 \bibcite{cardei2005improving}{{4}{2005}{{Cardei and Du}}{{}}}
 \bibcite{cardei2005energy}{{5}{2005}{{Cardei et~al.}}{{Cardei, Thai, Li, and Wu}}}
 \bibcite{berman04}{{3}{2004}{{Berman and Calinescu}}{{}}}
 \bibcite{cardei2005improving}{{4}{2005}{{Cardei and Du}}{{}}}
 \bibcite{cardei2005energy}{{5}{2005}{{Cardei et~al.}}{{Cardei, Thai, Li, and Wu}}}

-\newlabel{my-labelx}{{4}{17}}

 \bibcite{castano2013column}{{6}{2014}{{Casta{\~n}o et~al.}}{{Casta{\~n}o, Rossi, Sevaux, and Velasco}}}
 \bibcite{iamigo:cplex}{{7}{2010}{{CPLEX}}{{}}}
 \bibcite{castano2013column}{{6}{2014}{{Casta{\~n}o et~al.}}{{Casta{\~n}o, Rossi, Sevaux, and Velasco}}}
 \bibcite{iamigo:cplex}{{7}{2010}{{CPLEX}}{{}}}

+\newlabel{my-labelx}{{4}{18}}

 \bibcite{Deng2012}{{8}{2012}{{Deng, Jiguo~Yu, and Chen}}{{}}}
 \bibcite{deschinkel2012column}{{9}{2012}{{Deschinkel}}{{}}}
 \bibcite{AMPL}{{10}{November 12, 2002}{{Fourer, Gay, and Kernighan}}{{}}}
 \bibcite{Deng2012}{{8}{2012}{{Deng, Jiguo~Yu, and Chen}}{{}}}
 \bibcite{deschinkel2012column}{{9}{2012}{{Deschinkel}}{{}}}
 \bibcite{AMPL}{{10}{November 12, 2002}{{Fourer, Gay, and Kernighan}}{{}}}


@@ -123,5 +126,5 @@
 \bibcite{Zhang05}{{40}{2005}{{Zhang and Hou}}{{}}}
 \bibcite{zhou2009variable}{{41}{2009}{{Zhou, Das, and Gupta}}{{}}}
 \bibcite{zorbas2010solving}{{42}{2010}{{Zorbas et~al.}}{{Zorbas, Glynos, Kotzanikolaou, and Douligeris}}}
 \bibcite{Zhang05}{{40}{2005}{{Zhang and Hou}}{{}}}
 \bibcite{zhou2009variable}{{41}{2009}{{Zhou, Das, and Gupta}}{{}}}
 \bibcite{zorbas2010solving}{{42}{2010}{{Zorbas et~al.}}{{Zorbas, Glynos, Kotzanikolaou, and Douligeris}}}

-\endpage{19}
+\endpage{20}

 \questionmark{}
 \questionmark{}

diff --git a/PeCO-EO/articleeo.log b/PeCO-EO/articleeo.log
index f2b28740a4d1d4c30b259fb83406b811064e515b..f2fe71532ee62827c497e3cc641855268ade3842 100644 (file)
--- a/PeCO-EO/articleeo.log
+++ b/PeCO-EO/articleeo.log
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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+1/cmr/m/it/10 Avail-able: http://www-
+ []
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diff --git a/PeCO-EO/articleeo.pdf b/PeCO-EO/articleeo.pdf
index ddba5e54ba53ee83bdd61d737f9e0468b18cf20b..aaa1f7b9338804286caeb762a15ad19c6251b5d6 100644 (file)
Binary files a/PeCO-EO/articleeo.pdf and b/PeCO-EO/articleeo.pdf differ

diff --git a/PeCO-EO/articleeo.tex b/PeCO-EO/articleeo.tex
index 1236ff099c10c9c47e98d1bee2ff3ac799292a5f..9968b77ff853aa1e821c14bf2c9663ec2efaf096 100644 (file)
--- a/PeCO-EO/articleeo.tex
+++ b/PeCO-EO/articleeo.tex
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 %\usepackage[linesnumbered,ruled,vlined,commentsnumbered]{algorithm2e}
 %\renewcommand{\algorithmcfname}{ALGORITHM}
 \usepackage{indentfirst}
 %\usepackage[linesnumbered,ruled,vlined,commentsnumbered]{algorithm2e}
 %\renewcommand{\algorithmcfname}{ALGORITHM}
 \usepackage{indentfirst}

+\usepackage{color}

 \usepackage[algo2e,ruled,vlined]{algorithm2e}
 \begin{document}
 
 \usepackage[algo2e,ruled,vlined]{algorithm2e}
 \begin{document}
 


@@ -505,7 +506,7 @@ $RE_k$, which must be greater than  a threshold $E_{th}$ in order to participate
 in  the current  period.   Each  sensor node  determines  its  position and  its
 subregion using an  embedded GPS or a location discovery  algorithm. After that,
 all the sensors collect position  coordinates, remaining energy, sensor node ID,
 in  the current  period.   Each  sensor node  determines  its  position and  its
 subregion using an  embedded GPS or a location discovery  algorithm. After that,
 all the sensors collect position  coordinates, remaining energy, sensor node ID,

-and the number of their one-hop  live neighbors during the information exchange.
+and the number of their one-hop  live neighbors during the information exchange. \textcolor{blue}{We suppose that both INFO packet and ActiveSleep packet contain two parts: header and data payload. The sensor id is included in the header, where the header size is 8 bits. The data part includes position coordinates (64 bits), remaining energy (32 bits), and the number of their one-hop live neighbors (8 bits). Therefore the size of the INFO packet is 112 bits. The ActiveSleep packet is 16 bits size, 8 bits for the header and 8 bits for data part that includes only sensor status (0 or 1)}

 The sensors  inside a same  region cooperate to  elect a leader.   The selection
 criteria for the leader are (in order  of priority):
 \begin{enumerate}
 The sensors  inside a same  region cooperate to  elect a leader.   The selection
 criteria for the leader are (in order  of priority):
 \begin{enumerate}


@@ -716,6 +717,15 @@ approach.
   where $|A_r^p|$ is  the number of active  sensors in the subregion  $r$ in the
   sensing period~$p$, $R$  is the number of subregions, and  $|J|$ is the number
   of sensors in the network.
   where $|A_r^p|$ is  the number of active  sensors in the subregion  $r$ in the
   sensing period~$p$, $R$  is the number of subregions, and  $|J|$ is the number
   of sensors in the network.

+  
+\item {\bf \textcolor{blue}{Energy Saving Ratio (ESR)}}:  
+\textcolor{blue}{we consider a performance metric linked to energy. This metric, called Energy Saving Ratio (ESR), is defined by:
+\begin{equation*}
+\scriptsize
+\mbox{ESR}(\%) = \frac{\mbox{Number of alive sensors during this round}}
+{\mbox{Total number of sensors in the network}} \times 100.
+\end{equation*}  
+  }

 \item {\bf Energy Consumption (EC)}: energy consumption can be seen as the total
   energy  consumed by  the  sensors during  $Lifetime_{95}$ or  $Lifetime_{50}$,
   divided by  the number of  periods. The value of  EC is computed  according to
 \item {\bf Energy Consumption (EC)}: energy consumption can be seen as the total
   energy  consumed by  the  sensors during  $Lifetime_{95}$ or  $Lifetime_{50}$,
   divided by  the number of  periods. The value of  EC is computed  according to


@@ -842,6 +852,24 @@ keeping a greater coverage ratio as shown in Figure \ref{figure5}.
 \label{figure6}
 \end{figure} 
 
 \label{figure6}
 \end{figure} 
 

+\subsubsection{\textcolor{blue}{Energy Saving Ratio (ESR)}} 
+
+\textcolor{blue}{In this experiment, we consider an Energy Saving Ratio (see Figure~\ref{fig5}) for 200 deployed nodes. 
+The  longer the ratio  is,  the more  redundant sensor  nodes are switched off, and consequently  the longer the  network may  live. }
+
+\begin{figure}[h!]
+%\centering
+% \begin{multicols}{6}
+\centering
+\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{ESR.eps} %\\~ ~ ~(a)
+\caption{Energy Saving Ratio for 200 deployed nodes}
+\label{fig5}
+\end{figure} 
+
+\textcolor{blue}{The simulation results show that our protocol PeCO allows to efficiently save energy by turning off some sensors during the sensing phase. 
+As shown in Figure~\ref{fig5}, GAF provides better energy saving than PeCO for the first fifty rounds, because GAF balance the energy consumption among sensor nodes inside each small fixed grid that permits to extend the life of sensors in each grid fairly but in the same time turn on large number of sensors during sensing that lead later to quickly deplete sensor's batteries togehter. After that GAF provide less energy saving compared with other approches because of the large number of dead nodes. DESK algorithm shows less energy saving compared with other approaches due to activate a larg number of sensors during the sensing. DiLCO protocol provides less energy saving ratio commpared with PeCO because it generally activate a larger number of sensor nodes during sensing. Note that again as the number of  rounds increases PeCO becomes  the most performing one, since it consumes less energy compared with other approaches.}
+
+

 \subsubsection{Energy Consumption}
 
 The  effect  of  the  energy  consumed by  the  WSN  during  the  communication,
 \subsubsection{Energy Consumption}
 
 The  effect  of  the  energy  consumed by  the  WSN  during  the  communication,


@@ -897,13 +925,13 @@ for  different   coverage  ratios.   We  denote  by   Protocol/50,  Protocol/80,
 Protocol/85, Protocol/90,  and Protocol/95 the  amount of time during  which the
 network  can satisfy  an  area  coverage greater  than  $50\%$, $80\%$,  $85\%$,
 $90\%$, and  $95\%$ respectively,  where the  term Protocol  refers to  DiLCO or
 Protocol/85, Protocol/90,  and Protocol/95 the  amount of time during  which the
 network  can satisfy  an  area  coverage greater  than  $50\%$, $80\%$,  $85\%$,
 $90\%$, and  $95\%$ respectively,  where the  term Protocol  refers to  DiLCO or

-PeCO.  Indeed there are applications that do not require a 100\% coverage of the
-area to be  monitored. PeCO might be  an interesting method since  it achieves a
-good balance  between a  high level  coverage ratio  and network  lifetime. PeCO
+PeCO.  \textcolor{blue}{Indeed there are applications that do not require a 100\% coverage of the
+area to be  monitored. For example, forest
+fire application might require complete coverage
+in summer seasons while only requires 80$\%$ of the area to be covered in rainy seasons \cite{li2011transforming}. As another example, birds habit study requires only 70$\%$-coverage at nighttime when the birds are sleeping while requires 100$\%$-coverage at daytime when the birds are active \cite{vu2009universal}. Mudflows monitoring applications may require part of the area to be covered in sunny days. Thus, to extend network lifetime, the coverage quality can be decreased if it is acceptable\cite{wang2014keeping}}. PeCO might be  an interesting method since  it achieves a good balance  between a high level  coverage ratio  and network  lifetime. PeCO

 always  outperforms DiLCO  for the  three  lower coverage  ratios, moreover  the
 always  outperforms DiLCO  for the  three  lower coverage  ratios, moreover  the

-improvements grow  with the network  size. DiLCO  is better for  coverage ratios
-near 100\%, but  in that case PeCO  is not ineffective for  the smallest network
-sizes.
+improvements grow  with the network  size. \textcolor{blue}{DiLCO outperforms PeCO when the coverage ratio is required to be $>90\%$, but PeCo extends the network lifetime significantly when coverage ratio can be relaxed.}
+%DiLCO  is better for  coverage ratios near 100\%, but  in that case PeCO  is not ineffective for  the smallest network sizes.

 
 \begin{figure}[h!]
 \centering \includegraphics[scale=0.55]{figure9.eps}
 
 \begin{figure}[h!]
 \centering \includegraphics[scale=0.55]{figure9.eps}

diff --git a/PeCO-EO/biblio.bib b/PeCO-EO/biblio.bib
index 880b3619d2130850bd388e2ab99144d08a64d5c3..1ebdbe7aca169112e412a141a5acd9ad67e37ab4 100644 (file)
--- a/PeCO-EO/biblio.bib
+++ b/PeCO-EO/biblio.bib
@@ -1052,4 +1052,33 @@ year = {2010}
 }
 
 
 }
 
 

+@inproceedings{vu2009universal,
+  title={A universal framework for partial coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks},
+  author={Vu, Chinh and Chen, Guantao and Zhao, Yi and Li, Yingshu},
+  booktitle={Performance Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC), 2009 IEEE 28th International},
+  pages={1--8},
+  year={2009},
+  organization={IEEE}
+}
+
+@article{li2011transforming,
+  title={Transforming complete coverage algorithms to partial coverage algorithms for wireless sensor networks},
+  author={Li, Yingshu and Vu, Chinh and Ai, Chunyu and Chen, Guantao and Zhao, Yi},
+  journal={Parallel and Distributed Systems, IEEE Transactions on},
+  volume={22},
+  number={4},
+  pages={695--703},
+  year={2011},
+  publisher={IEEE}
+}
+
+@article{wang2014keeping,
+  title={Keeping Desired QoS by a Partial Coverage Algorithm for Cluster-Based Wireless Sensor Networks},
+  author={Wang, Lei and Yang, Jui-Yu and Lin, Yu-Yun and Lin, Wei-Jun},
+  journal={Journal of Networks},
+  volume={9},
+  number={12},
+  pages={3221--3229},
+  year={2014}
+}