\tableofcontents
\end{frame}
-
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% SLIDE 03 %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{Introduction and problem definition}
- \section{\small {Introduction and Problem definition}}
- \bf \textcolor{blue}{To get more computing power:}
+\section{\small {Introduction and Problem definition}}
+ \centering
+ \includegraphics[width=0.99\textwidth]{para.pdf}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+\begin{frame}{Execution of synchronous parallel tasks}
+\vspace{-0.5 cm}
+\begin{figure}
+ \centering
+ \subfloat[Synchronous imbalanced communications]{%
+ \includegraphics[scale=0.49]{c1/commtasks}\label{fig:h1}}
+ \subfloat[Synchronous imbalanced computations]{%
+ \includegraphics[scale=0.49]{c1/compt}\label{fig:h2}}
+ % \caption{Parallel tasks on homogeneous platform}
+ \label{fig:homo}
+\end{figure}
+
+ \end{frame}
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% SLIDE 07 %%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+\begin{frame}{\large Synchronous and asynchronous iterative methods }
+\vspace{-0.5 cm}
+\begin{figure}
+
+\includegraphics[scale=0.42]{syn_tasks.pdf}
+\vspace{0.6 cm}
+\includegraphics[scale=0.42]{Asyn_tasks.pdf}
+\end{figure}
+
+
+ \end{frame}
+
+ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% SLIDE 03 %%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\begin{frame}{Approaches to get more computing power}
+
+ %\bf \textcolor{blue}{}
\begin{minipage}{0.5\textwidth}
\textcolor{blue}{1)} \small \bf \textcolor{black}{Increase the frequency of a processor.\\ (limited due to overheating)}
\end{minipage}%
\end{minipage}%
\vspace{0.2cm}
\begin{minipage}{0.5\textwidth}
- \textcolor{blue}{2)} \small \bf \textcolor{black}{Use more nodes.}
+ \textcolor{blue}{2)} \small \bf \textcolor{black}{Increase the number of nodes.}
\textcolor{black}{The supercomputer Tianhe-2 has more than 3 million cores and consumes around 17.8 megawatts.}
-
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% SLIDE 04 %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\textcolor{blue}{1)} \bf \textcolor{black}{Switch-off idle nodes method}
\vspace{-0.9cm}
\begin{figure}
- \animategraphics[autopause,loop,controls,scale=0.25,buttonsize=0.2cm]{200}{on-off/a-}{0}{69}
+ \animategraphics[autopause,controls,scale=0.26,buttonsize=0.2cm]{200}{on-off/a-}{0}{111}
%\includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{on-off/a-69}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}
\textcolor{blue}{2)} \bf \textcolor{black}{Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS)}
\vspace{-0.9cm}
\begin{figure}
- \animategraphics[autopause,controls,scale=0.25,buttonsize=0.2cm]{10}{DVFS-meq/a-}{0}{109}
+ \animategraphics[autopause,controls,scale=0.26,buttonsize=0.2cm]{10}{DVFS-meq/a-}{0}{175}
%\includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{DVFS-meq/a-109}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}
-
-
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% SLIDE 06 %%
+%% SLIDE 06 %%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% SLIDE 07 %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{Motivations}
\vspace{0.05cm}
\begin{itemize} \small \justifying
- \item Study the effect of the scaling factor on the \textbf{energy consumption and performance } of parallel applications with iterations. \medskip
+ \item Studying the effect of the scaling factor on the \textbf{energy consumption and performance } of parallel applications with iterations. \medskip
\item Discovering the \textbf{energy-performance trade-off relation} when changing the frequency of the processor.\medskip
\item Proposing an algorithm for selecting the scaling factor that produces \textbf {the optimal trade-off} between the energy consumption and the performance. \medskip
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% SLIDE 10 %%
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-
-\begin{frame}{Execution of synchronous parallel tasks}
-\vspace{-0.5 cm}
-\begin{figure}
- \centering
- \subfloat[Synchronous imbalanced communications]{%
- \includegraphics[scale=0.49]{c1/commtasks}\label{fig:h1}}
- \subfloat[Synchronous imbalanced computations]{%
- \includegraphics[scale=0.49]{c1/compt}\label{fig:h2}}
- % \caption{Parallel tasks on homogeneous platform}
- \label{fig:homo}
-\end{figure}
- \end{frame}
%% SLIDE 11 %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{Energy model for a homogeneous platform}
- The power consumed by a processor divided into two power metrics: the dynamic (\textcolor{red}{$P_d$}) and static
+ The power consumed by a processor is divided into two power metrics: the dynamic (\textcolor{red}{$P_d$}) and the static
(\textcolor{red}{$P_s$}) power.
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:pd}
\scriptsize{ \textcolor{blue}{$V$}: the supply voltage. \hspace{28 mm} \textcolor{blue}{$N_{trans}$}: number of transistors. \\
\textcolor{blue}{$K_{design}$}: design dependent parameter. \hspace{8 mm} \textcolor{blue}{$I_{leak}$}: technology dependent
parameter.}
+
+ The frequency scaling factor is the ratio between the maximum and the new frequency, \textcolor{blue}{$S = \frac{F_{max}}{F_{new}}$}.
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{Energy model for a homogeneous platform}
-
- The frequency scaling factor is the ratio between the maximum and the new frequency, \textcolor{blue}{$S = \frac{F_{max}}{F_{new}}$}. \medskip
-
-
+ \vspace{-0.77cm}
+ \begin{figure}
+ \animategraphics[autopause,controls,scale=0.3,buttonsize=0.2cm]{10}{homo-model/a-}{0}{441}
+ %\includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{homo-model/a-356}
+ \end{figure}
- \begin{block}{\small Rauber and Rünger's energy model}
- $ E = P_{d} \cdot S_1^{-2} \cdot
- \left( T_1 + \sum_{i=2}^{N} \frac{T_i^3}{T_1^2} \right) +
- P_{s} \cdot S_1 \cdot T_1 \cdot N$
- \end{block}
- \textcolor{blue}{$S_1$}: the maximum scaling factor.\\
- \textcolor{blue}{$P_{d}$}: the dynamic power.\\
- \textcolor{blue}{$P_{s}$}: the static power.\\
- \textcolor{blue}{$T_I$}: the execution time of the slower task.\\
- \textcolor{blue}{$T_i$}: the execution time of task i.\\
- \textcolor{blue}{$N$}: the number of nodes.
+ % \begin{block}{\small Rauber and Rünger's energy model}
+ %$ E = P_{d} \cdot S_1^{-2} \cdot
+ %\left( T_1 + \sum_{i=2}^{N} \frac{T_i^3}{T_1^2} \right) +
+ % P_{s} \cdot S_1 \cdot T_1 \cdot N$
+ %\end{block}
+ % \textcolor{blue}{$S_1$}: the maximum scaling factor.\\
+ % \textcolor{blue}{$P_{d}$}: the dynamic power.\\
+ % \textcolor{blue}{$P_{s}$}: the static power.\\
+ % \textcolor{blue}{$T_I$}: the execution time of the slower task.\\
+ % \textcolor{blue}{$T_i$}: the execution time of task i.\\
+ % \textcolor{blue}{$N$}: the number of nodes.
+
+
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% SLIDE 15 %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
- \begin{frame}{Scaling factor selection algorithm}
-\vspace{-0.75cm}
- \begin{center}
- \includegraphics[width=.56 \textwidth]{c1/algo-homo}
- \end{center}
+ %\begin{frame}{Scaling factor selection algorithm}
+%\vspace{-0.75cm}
+ % \begin{center}
+ %\includegraphics[width=.56 \textwidth]{c1/algo-homo}
+ %\end{center}
-\end{frame}
+%\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% SLIDE 16 %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\begin{frame}{Scaling algorithm example}
+\begin{frame}{Scaling factor selection algorithm}
\vspace{-0.75cm}
\begin{figure}
- \animategraphics[autopause,controls,scale=0.28,buttonsize=0.2cm]{10}{dvfs-homo/a-}{0}{159}
+ \animategraphics[autopause,controls,scale=0.29,buttonsize=0.2cm]{10}{dvfs-homo/a-}{0}{335}
%\includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{dvfs-homo/a-159}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}
\includegraphics[width=.35\textwidth]{c1/cg}
\includegraphics[width=.35\textwidth]{c1/bt}}
+\hspace{0.5cm}
+
\centering {\includegraphics[width=.55\textwidth]{c1/results.pdf}}
\end{femtoBlock}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% SLIDE 20 %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\begin{frame}{The proposed new energy model}
- \vspace{-0.75cm}
- \begin{figure}
- \animategraphics[autopause,controls,scale=0.28,buttonsize=0.2cm]{10}{homo-model/a-}{0}{356}
+%\begin{frame}{The proposed new energy model}
+ % \vspace{-0.75cm}
+ %\begin{figure}
+ % \animategraphics[autopause,controls,scale=0.28,buttonsize=0.2cm]{10}{homo-model/a-}{0}{356}
%\includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{homo-model/a-356}
- \end{figure}
-\end{frame}
+ % \end{figure}
+%\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% SLIDE 21 %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\begin{frame}{\large Comparing the new model with Rauber's model }
- \vspace{0.1cm}
- \centering
- \includegraphics[width=.45\textwidth]{c1/energy_con}
+%\begin{frame}{\large Comparing the new model with Rauber's model }
+% \vspace{0.1cm}
+% \centering
+ %\includegraphics[width=.45\textwidth]{c1/energy_con}
- \includegraphics[width=.5\textwidth]{c1/compare-scales}
-\end{frame}
+ %\includegraphics[width=.5\textwidth]{c1/compare-scales}
+%\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% SLIDE 26 %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
- \begin{frame}{The energy model for heterogeneous cluster}
- \vspace{-0.5cm}
+ \begin{frame}{The energy model for heterogeneous cluster}
+ \vspace{-0.77cm}
\begin{figure}
- \animategraphics[autopause,controls,scale=0.28,buttonsize=0.2cm]{10}{heter-model/a-}{0}{272}
+ \animategraphics[autopause,controls,scale=0.3,buttonsize=0.2cm]{10}{heter-model/a-}{0}{350}
%\includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{heter-model/a-272}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% SLIDE 28 %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
- \begin{frame}{The scaling algorithm for heter. cluster}
+ %\begin{frame}{The scaling algorithm for heter. cluster}
- \centering
- \includegraphics[width=.52\textwidth]{algo-heter}
- \end{frame}
+ %\centering
+ %\includegraphics[width=.52\textwidth]{algo-heter}
+ %\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% SLIDE 29 %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
- \begin{frame}{The scaling algorithm example}
- \vspace{-0.5cm}
+ \begin{frame}{The scaling algorithm for heter. cluster}
+ \vspace{-0.77cm}
\centering
\begin{figure}
- \animategraphics[autopause,controls,scale=0.28,buttonsize=0.2cm]{10}{dvfs-heter/a-}{0}{650}
+ \animategraphics[autopause,controls,scale=0.3,buttonsize=0.2cm]{10}{dvfs-heter/a-}{0}{836}
% \includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{dvfs-heter/a-650}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% SLIDE 31 %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\begin{frame}{The simulation results}
- \vspace{-5 mm}
- \begin{figure}[!t]
- \centering
- \includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{c2/energy_saving.pdf}
+%\begin{frame}{The simulation results}
+ % \vspace{-5 mm}
+ % \begin{figure}[!t]
+ %\centering
+ %\includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{c2/energy_saving.pdf}
- \textcolor{blue}{On average, it reduces the energy consumption by \textcolor{red}{29\%}
- for the class C of the NAS Benchmarks executed over 8 nodes}
+ % \textcolor{blue}{On average, it reduces the energy consumption by \textcolor{red}{29\%}
+ %for the class C of the NAS Benchmarks executed over 8 nodes}
- \end{figure}
-\end{frame}
+ % \end{figure}
+%\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% SLIDE 32 %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\begin{frame}{The simulation results}
- \vspace{-5 mm}
- \begin{figure}[!t]
- \centering
+%\begin{frame}{The simulation results}
+ % \vspace{-5 mm}
+ % \begin{figure}[!t]
+ % \centering
- \includegraphics[width=.8\textwidth]{c2/perf_degra.pdf}
+ % \includegraphics[width=.8\textwidth]{c2/perf_degra.pdf}
- \textcolor{blue}{On average, it degrades by \textcolor{red}{3.8\%} the performance
- of NAS Benchmarks class C executed over 8 nodes}
- \end{figure}
-\end{frame}
+ % \textcolor{blue}{On average, it degrades by \textcolor{red}{3.8\%} the performance
+ % of NAS Benchmarks class C executed over 8 nodes}
+ % \end{figure}
+%\end{frame}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% SLIDE 33 %%
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\begin{frame}{The results of the three power scenarios}
- \vspace{-5 mm}
- \begin{figure}[!t]
- \centering
- \includegraphics[width=.55\textwidth]{c2/three_power.pdf}
- \vspace{10 mm}
- \includegraphics[width=.55\textwidth]{c2/three_scenarios.pdf}
- \end{figure}
-\end{frame}
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% SLIDE 34 %%
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\begin{frame}{Comparing the objective function to EDP}
-
- EDP is the products between the energy consumption and the delay.
- \vspace{-5 mm}
- \begin{figure}[!t]
- \centering
- \includegraphics[width=.55\textwidth]{c2/avg_compare.pdf}
-
- \includegraphics[width=.55\textwidth]{c2/compare_with_EDP.pdf}
- \end{figure}
-\end{frame}
-
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% SLIDE 36 %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\begin{frame}{The grid architecture}
-\begin{center}
-\includegraphics[width=.8\textwidth]{c2/init_freq.pdf}
-\end{center}
+%\begin{frame}{The grid architecture}
+%\begin{center}
+%\includegraphics[width=.8\textwidth]{c2/init_freq.pdf}
+%\end{center}
%\begin{frame}{Performance, Energy and trade-off models} \small
%\begin{block}{\small The performance model of grid}
% \end{block}
- \end{frame}
+ %\end{frame}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% SLIDE 33 %%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\begin{frame}{The results of the three power scenarios}
+ \vspace{-5 mm}
+ \begin{figure}[!t]
+ \centering
+ \includegraphics[width=.45\textwidth]{c2/eng_pow.eps}
+ \hspace{0.3cm}
+ \includegraphics[width=.45\textwidth]{c2/per_pow.eps}
+ \vspace{4 mm}
+ \includegraphics[width=.7\textwidth]{c2/three_scenarios.pdf}
+ \end{figure}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% SLIDE 39 %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\begin{frame}{Experiments over Grid'5000}
- \textcolor{blue}{One core and Multi-cores per node results:}
+\begin{frame}{One core and Multi-cores per node results}
+ %\textcolor{blue}{One core and Multi-cores per node results:}
\begin{figure}[h!]
\includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{c2/eng_s_mc.eps}
\end{frame}
-
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% SLIDE 34 %%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\begin{frame}{Comparing the objective function to EDP}
+
+ EDP is the products between the energy consumption and the delay.
+ \vspace{-5 mm}
+ \begin{figure}[!t]
+ \centering
+ \includegraphics[width=.6\textwidth]{c2/edp_dist.eps}
+
+
+ \end{figure}
+\end{frame}
%\begin{frame}{Summary}
%\begin{itemize}
% \small
\textcolor{blue}{The execution of a synchronous parallel iterative application over a grid }
\vspace{-8 mm}
\begin{figure}
- \animategraphics[autopause,controls,scale=0.25,buttonsize=0.2cm]{10}{syn/a-}{0}{503}
+ \animategraphics[autopause,controls,scale=0.26,buttonsize=0.2cm]{10}{syn/a-}{0}{647}
%\includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{syn/a-503}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}
\textcolor{blue}{The execution of an asynchronous parallel iterative application over a grid }
\vspace{-8 mm}
\begin{figure}
- \animategraphics[autopause,controls,scale=0.25,buttonsize=0.2cm]{10}{asyn/a-}{0}{440}
+ \animategraphics[autopause,controls,scale=0.26,buttonsize=0.2cm]{10}{asyn/a-}{0}{556}
%\includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{asyn/a-440}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}
\textcolor{blue}{Using asynchronous communications with DVFS }
\vspace{-8 mm}
\begin{figure}
- \animategraphics[autopause,controls,scale=0.25,buttonsize=0.2cm]{10}{asyn+dvfs/a-}{0}{314}
+ \animategraphics[autopause,controls,scale=0.26,buttonsize=0.2cm]{10}{asyn+dvfs/a-}{0}{344}
%\includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{asyn+dvfs/a-314}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% SLIDE 48 %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\begin{frame}{The simulation results}
-\centering \small \textcolor{blue}{The best scenario in terms of energy and performance is the Async. MS with Sync. DVFS}
+%\begin{frame}{The simulation results}
+%\centering \small \textcolor{blue}{The best scenario in terms of energy and performance is %the Async. MS with Sync. DVFS}
-\centering
- \includegraphics[scale=0.42]{c3/energy_saving.eps}
+%\centering
+ % \includegraphics[scale=0.42]{c3/energy_saving.eps}
- \centering The average energy saving = \textcolor{red}{22\%}
-\end{frame}
+ %\centering The average energy saving = \textcolor{red}{22\%}
+%\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% SLIDE 49 %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\begin{frame}{The simulation results}
-\centering
+%\begin{frame}{The simulation results}
+%\centering
- \includegraphics[scale=0.42]{c3/perf_degra.eps}
+ % \includegraphics[scale=0.42]{c3/perf_degra.eps}
- \centering The average speed-up = \textcolor{red}{5.72\%}
-\end{frame}
+%\centering The average speed-up = \textcolor{red}{5.72\%}
+%\end{frame}
%% SLIDE 50 %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{The Grid'5000 results}
- \vspace{-20 mm}
+ \vspace{-10 mm}
\begin{figure}[!t]
\centering
\hspace{-8 mm}
\end{figure}
\vspace{-5 mm}
\centering \footnotesize
+
+ %\small \textcolor{blue}{The best scenario in terms of energy and performance is the Async. MS with Sync. DVFS}
+
The average energy saving = \textcolor{red}{26.93\%}, the average speed-up = \textcolor{red}{21.48\%}
\end{frame}
