1 \select@language {english}
2 \contentsline {chapter}{Abstract}{1}{chapter*.1}
3 \contentsline {chapter}{R\IeC {\'e}sum\IeC {\'e}}{3}{chapter*.2}
4 \contentsline {chapter}{Table of Contents}{8}{chapter*.3}
5 \contentsline {chapter}{List of Figures}{10}{chapter*.4}
6 \contentsline {chapter}{List of Tables}{11}{chapter*.5}
7 \contentsline {chapter}{List of Algorithms}{13}{chapter*.6}
8 \contentsline {chapter}{List of Abbreviations}{15}{chapter*.7}
9 \contentsline {chapter}{Dedication}{19}{chapter*.8}
10 \contentsline {chapter}{Acknowledgements}{21}{chapter*.9}
11 \contentsline {chapter}{Introduction }{23}{chapter*.10}
12 \contentsline {section}{1. General Introduction }{23}{section*.11}
13 \contentsline {section}{2. Motivation of the Dissertation }{24}{section*.12}
14 \contentsline {section}{3. Main Contributions of this Dissertation}{24}{section*.13}
15 \contentsline {section}{4. Dissertation Outline}{25}{section*.14}
16 \contentsline {part}{I\hspace {1em}Scientific Background}{27}{part.1}
17 \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {1}Wireless Sensor Networks}{29}{chapter.1}
18 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.1}Introduction}{29}{section.1.1}
19 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.2}Architecture}{30}{section.1.2}
20 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.3}Types of Wireless Sensor Networks}{32}{section.1.3}
21 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.4}Applications}{34}{section.1.4}
22 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.5}The Main Challenges}{37}{section.1.5}
23 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.6}Energy-Efficient Mechanisms of a working WSN}{39}{section.1.6}
24 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.1}Energy-Efficient Routing}{39}{subsection.1.6.1}
25 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.1.1}Routing Metric based on Residual Energy}{39}{subsubsection.1.6.1.1}
26 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.1.2}Multipath Routing}{39}{subsubsection.1.6.1.2}
27 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.2}Cluster Architecture}{40}{subsection.1.6.2}
28 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.3}Scheduling Schemes}{40}{subsection.1.6.3}
29 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.3.1}Wake up Scheduling Schemes}{40}{subsubsection.1.6.3.1}
30 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.3.2}Topology Control Schemes}{43}{subsubsection.1.6.3.2}
31 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.4}Data-Driven Schemes}{43}{subsection.1.6.4}
32 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.4.1}Data Reduction Schemes}{44}{subsubsection.1.6.4.1}
33 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.4.2}Energy Efficient Data Acquisition Schemes}{44}{subsubsection.1.6.4.2}
34 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.5}Battery Repletion}{44}{subsection.1.6.5}
35 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.6}Radio Optimization}{44}{subsection.1.6.6}
36 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.7}Relay nodes and Sink Mobility}{45}{subsection.1.6.7}
37 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.7.1}Relay node placement}{45}{subsubsection.1.6.7.1}
38 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.7.2}Sink Mobility}{45}{subsubsection.1.6.7.2}
39 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.7}Network Lifetime}{45}{section.1.7}
40 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.8}Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks }{46}{section.1.8}
41 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.9}Design Issues for Coverage Problems}{48}{section.1.9}
42 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.10}Energy Consumption Model}{49}{section.1.10}
43 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.11}Conclusion}{50}{section.1.11}
44 \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2}Related Works on Coverage Problems}{51}{chapter.2}
45 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.1}Introduction}{51}{section.2.1}
46 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}Centralized Algorithms}{53}{section.2.2}
47 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.3}Distributed Algorithms}{55}{section.2.3}
48 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.1}Geographical Adaptive Fidelity (GAF)}{57}{subsection.2.3.1}
49 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.2}Distributed Energy-efficient Scheduling for K-coverage (DESK)}{59}{subsection.2.3.2}
50 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.4}Conclusion}{63}{section.2.4}
51 \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3}Evaluation Tools and Optimization Solvers}{65}{chapter.3}
52 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.1}Introduction}{65}{section.3.1}
53 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.2}Evaluation Tools}{65}{section.3.2}
54 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.1}Testbed Tools}{66}{subsection.3.2.1}
55 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.2}Simulation Tools}{68}{subsection.3.2.2}
56 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.3}Optimization Solvers}{70}{section.3.3}
57 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.4}Conclusion}{74}{section.3.4}
58 \contentsline {part}{II\hspace {1em}Contributions}{75}{part.2}
59 \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4}Distributed Lifetime Coverage Optimization Protocol}{77}{chapter.4}
60 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.1}Introduction}{77}{section.4.1}
61 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.2}Description of the DiLCO Protocol}{78}{section.4.2}
62 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.1}Assumptions and Network Model}{78}{subsection.4.2.1}
63 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.2}Primary Point Coverage Model}{79}{subsection.4.2.2}
64 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.3}Main Idea}{79}{subsection.4.2.3}
65 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.3.1}Information Exchange Phase}{81}{subsubsection.4.2.3.1}
66 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.3.2}Leader Election Phase}{81}{subsubsection.4.2.3.2}
67 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.3.3}Decision phase}{82}{subsubsection.4.2.3.3}
68 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.3.4}Sensing phase}{82}{subsubsection.4.2.3.4}
69 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.3}Coverage Problem Formulation}{83}{section.4.3}
70 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.4}Simulation Results and Analysis}{85}{section.4.4}
71 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.1}Simulation Framework}{85}{subsection.4.4.1}
72 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.2}Modeling Language and Optimization Solver}{85}{subsection.4.4.2}
73 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.3}Energy Consumption Model}{85}{subsection.4.4.3}
74 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.4}Performance Metrics}{86}{subsection.4.4.4}
75 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.5}Performance Analysis for Different Number of Subregions}{87}{subsection.4.4.5}
76 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.6}Performance Analysis for Different Number of Primary Points}{92}{subsection.4.4.6}
77 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.7}Performance Comparison with other Approaches}{96}{subsection.4.4.7}
78 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.5}Conclusion}{105}{section.4.5}
79 \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {5}Multiround Distributed Lifetime Coverage Optimization Protocol}{107}{chapter.5}
80 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.1}Introduction}{107}{section.5.1}
81 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.2}Description of the MuDiLCO Protocol }{107}{section.5.2}
82 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.3}Primary Points based Multiround Coverage Problem Formulation}{109}{section.5.3}
83 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.4}Experimental Study and Analysis}{111}{section.5.4}
84 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.1}Simulation Setup}{111}{subsection.5.4.1}
85 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.2}Metrics}{111}{subsection.5.4.2}
86 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.3}Results Analysis and Comparison }{112}{subsection.5.4.3}
87 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.5}Conclusion}{118}{section.5.5}
88 \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {6} Perimeter-based Coverage Optimization to Improve Lifetime in WSNs}{119}{chapter.6}
89 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.1}Introduction}{119}{section.6.1}
90 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.2}Description of the PeCO Protocol}{119}{section.6.2}
91 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2.1}Assumptions and Models}{119}{subsection.6.2.1}
92 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2.2}PeCO Protocol Algorithm}{122}{subsection.6.2.2}
93 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.3}Perimeter-based Coverage Problem Formulation}{125}{section.6.3}
94 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.4}Performance Evaluation and Analysis}{126}{section.6.4}
95 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.4.1}Simulation Settings}{126}{subsection.6.4.1}
96 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.4.2}Simulation Results}{127}{subsection.6.4.2}
97 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.4.2.1}Coverage Ratio}{127}{subsubsection.6.4.2.1}
98 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.4.2.2}Active Sensors Ratio}{127}{subsubsection.6.4.2.2}
99 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.4.2.3}Energy Consumption}{128}{subsubsection.6.4.2.3}
100 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.4.2.4}Network Lifetime}{128}{subsubsection.6.4.2.4}
101 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.4.2.5}Impact of $\alpha $ and $\beta $ on PeCO's performance}{129}{subsubsection.6.4.2.5}
102 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.5}Conclusion}{133}{section.6.5}
103 \contentsline {part}{III\hspace {1em}Conclusion and Perspectives}{135}{part.3}
104 \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {7}Conclusion and Perspectives}{137}{chapter.7}
105 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.1}Conclusion}{137}{section.7.1}
106 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.2}Perspectives}{138}{section.7.2}
107 \contentsline {part}{Publications}{141}{chapter*.15}
108 \contentsline {part}{Bibliographie}{156}{chapter*.19}
