\select@language {english}
\contentsline {chapter}{Abstract}{1}{chapter*.1}
\contentsline {chapter}{R\IeC {\'e}sum\IeC {\'e}}{3}{chapter*.2}
\contentsline {chapter}{Table of Contents}{8}{chapter*.3}
\contentsline {chapter}{List of Figures}{10}{chapter*.4}
\contentsline {chapter}{List of Tables}{11}{chapter*.5}
\contentsline {chapter}{List of Algorithms}{13}{chapter*.6}
\contentsline {chapter}{List of Abbreviations}{15}{chapter*.7}
\contentsline {chapter}{Dedication}{19}{chapter*.8}
\contentsline {chapter}{Acknowledgements}{21}{chapter*.9}
\contentsline {chapter}{Introduction }{23}{chapter*.10}
\contentsline {section}{1. General Introduction }{23}{section*.11}
\contentsline {section}{2. Motivation of the Dissertation }{24}{section*.12}
\contentsline {section}{3. Main Contributions of this Dissertation}{24}{section*.13}
\contentsline {section}{4. Dissertation Outline}{25}{section*.14}
\contentsline {part}{I\hspace {1em}Scientific Background}{27}{part.1}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {1}Wireless Sensor Networks}{29}{chapter.1}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.1}Introduction}{29}{section.1.1}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.2}Architecture}{30}{section.1.2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.3}Types of Wireless Sensor Networks}{32}{section.1.3}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.4}Applications}{34}{section.1.4}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.5}The Main Challenges}{37}{section.1.5}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.6}Energy-Efficient Mechanisms of a working WSN}{39}{section.1.6}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.1}Energy-Efficient Routing}{39}{subsection.1.6.1}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.1.1}Routing Metric based on Residual Energy}{39}{subsubsection.1.6.1.1}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.1.2}Multipath Routing}{39}{subsubsection.1.6.1.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.2}Cluster Architecture}{40}{subsection.1.6.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.3}Scheduling Schemes}{40}{subsection.1.6.3}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.3.1}Wake up Scheduling Schemes}{40}{subsubsection.1.6.3.1}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.3.2}Topology Control Schemes}{43}{subsubsection.1.6.3.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.4}Data-Driven Schemes}{43}{subsection.1.6.4}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.4.1}Data Reduction Schemes}{44}{subsubsection.1.6.4.1}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.4.2}Energy Efficient Data Acquisition Schemes}{44}{subsubsection.1.6.4.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.5}Battery Repletion}{44}{subsection.1.6.5}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.6}Radio Optimization}{44}{subsection.1.6.6}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.7}Relay nodes and Sink Mobility}{45}{subsection.1.6.7}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.7.1}Relay node placement}{45}{subsubsection.1.6.7.1}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.7.2}Sink Mobility}{45}{subsubsection.1.6.7.2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.7}Network Lifetime}{45}{section.1.7}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.8}Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks }{46}{section.1.8}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.9}Design Issues for Coverage Problems}{48}{section.1.9}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.10}Energy Consumption Model}{49}{section.1.10}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.11}Conclusion}{50}{section.1.11}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2}Related Works on Coverage Problems}{51}{chapter.2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.1}Introduction}{51}{section.2.1}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}Centralized Algorithms}{53}{section.2.2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.3}Distributed Algorithms}{55}{section.2.3}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.1}Geographical Adaptive Fidelity (GAF)}{57}{subsection.2.3.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.2}Distributed Energy-efficient Scheduling for K-coverage (DESK)}{59}{subsection.2.3.2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.4}Conclusion}{63}{section.2.4}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3}Evaluation Tools and Optimization Solvers}{65}{chapter.3}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.1}Introduction}{65}{section.3.1}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.2}Evaluation Tools}{65}{section.3.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.1}Testbed Tools}{66}{subsection.3.2.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.2}Simulation Tools}{68}{subsection.3.2.2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.3}Optimization Solvers}{70}{section.3.3}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.4}Conclusion}{74}{section.3.4}
\contentsline {part}{II\hspace {1em}Contributions}{75}{part.2}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4}Distributed Lifetime Coverage Optimization Protocol}{77}{chapter.4}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.1}Introduction}{77}{section.4.1}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.2}Description of the DiLCO Protocol}{78}{section.4.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.1}Assumptions and Network Model}{78}{subsection.4.2.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.2}Primary Point Coverage Model}{79}{subsection.4.2.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.3}Main Idea}{79}{subsection.4.2.3}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.3.1}Information Exchange Phase}{81}{subsubsection.4.2.3.1}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.3.2}Leader Election Phase}{81}{subsubsection.4.2.3.2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.3.3}Decision phase}{82}{subsubsection.4.2.3.3}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.3.4}Sensing phase}{82}{subsubsection.4.2.3.4}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.3}Coverage Problem Formulation}{83}{section.4.3}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.4}Simulation Results and Analysis}{84}{section.4.4}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.1}Simulation Framework}{84}{subsection.4.4.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.2}Modeling Language and Optimization Solver}{84}{subsection.4.4.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.3}Energy Consumption Model}{85}{subsection.4.4.3}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.4}Performance Metrics}{85}{subsection.4.4.4}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.5}Performance Analysis for Different Number of Subregions}{87}{subsection.4.4.5}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.6}Performance Analysis for Different Number of Primary Points}{93}{subsection.4.4.6}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.7}Performance Comparison with other Approaches}{97}{subsection.4.4.7}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.5}Conclusion}{104}{section.4.5}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {5}Multiround Distributed Lifetime Coverage Optimization Protocol}{105}{chapter.5}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.1}Introduction}{105}{section.5.1}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.2}Description of the MuDiLCO Protocol }{105}{section.5.2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.3}Primary Points based Multiround Coverage Problem Formulation}{107}{section.5.3}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.4}Experimental Study and Analysis}{108}{section.5.4}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.1}Simulation Setup}{108}{subsection.5.4.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.2}Metrics}{108}{subsection.5.4.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.3}Results Analysis and Comparison }{109}{subsection.5.4.3}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.5}Conclusion}{116}{section.5.5}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {6} Perimeter-based Coverage Optimization to Improve Lifetime in WSNs}{117}{chapter.6}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.1}Introduction}{117}{section.6.1}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.2}Description of the PeCO Protocol}{117}{section.6.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2.1}Assumptions and Models}{117}{subsection.6.2.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2.2}PeCO Protocol Algorithm}{120}{subsection.6.2.2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.3}Perimeter-based Coverage Problem Formulation}{122}{section.6.3}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.4}Performance Evaluation and Analysis}{123}{section.6.4}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.4.1}Simulation Settings}{123}{subsection.6.4.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.4.2}Simulation Results}{124}{subsection.6.4.2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.4.2.1}Coverage Ratio}{124}{subsubsection.6.4.2.1}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.4.2.2}Active Sensors Ratio}{124}{subsubsection.6.4.2.2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.4.2.3}Energy Consumption}{125}{subsubsection.6.4.2.3}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.4.2.4}Network Lifetime}{125}{subsubsection.6.4.2.4}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.4.2.5}Impact of $\alpha $ and $\beta $ on PeCO's performance}{126}{subsubsection.6.4.2.5}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.5}Conclusion}{130}{section.6.5}
\contentsline {part}{III\hspace {1em}Conclusion and Perspectives}{131}{part.3}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {7}Conclusion and Perspectives}{133}{chapter.7}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.1}Conclusion}{133}{section.7.1}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.2}Perspectives}{134}{section.7.2}
\contentsline {part}{Publications}{137}{chapter*.15}
\contentsline {part}{Bibliographie}{152}{chapter*.19}