\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.4}Wireless Sensor Network Applications}{6}{section.1.4}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.5}The Main Challenges in Wireless Sensor Networks}{9}{section.1.5}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.6}Energy-Efficient Mechanisms in Wireless Sensor Networks}{11}{section.1.6}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.1}Energy-Efficient Routing}{11}{subsection.1.6.1}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.2}Cluster architectures}{12}{subsection.1.6.2}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.3}Scheduling Schemes}{12}{subsection.1.6.3}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.1}Energy-Efficient Routing:}{11}{subsection.1.6.1}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.1.1}Routing Metric based on Residual Energy:}{11}{subsubsection.1.6.1.1}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.1.2}Multipath Routing:}{12}{subsubsection.1.6.1.2}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.2}Cluster Architectures:}{12}{subsection.1.6.2}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.3}Scheduling Schemes:}{12}{subsection.1.6.3}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.3.1}Wake up Scheduling Schemes:}{13}{subsubsection.1.6.3.1}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.3.2}Topology Control Schemes:}{15}{subsubsection.1.6.3.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.4}Data-Driven Schemes:}{16}{subsection.1.6.4}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.5}Battery Repletion:}{16}{subsection.1.6.5}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.6}Radio Optimization}{17}{subsection.1.6.6}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.7}Relay nodes and Sink Mobility}{17}{subsection.1.6.7}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.7}Network Lifetime in Wireless Sensor Networks}{17}{section.1.7}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.8}Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks }{18}{section.1.8}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.9}Design Issues for Coverage Problems}{19}{section.1.9}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.10}Energy Consumption Models}{21}{section.1.10}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.10.1}Radio Energy Dissipation Model}{21}{subsection.1.10.1}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.10.2}Our Energy Consumption Model}{22}{subsection.1.10.2}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.4.1}Data Reduction Schemes}{16}{subsubsection.1.6.4.1}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.4.2}Energy Efficient Data Acquisition Schemes}{16}{subsubsection.1.6.4.2}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.5}Battery Repletion:}{17}{subsection.1.6.5}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.5.1}Energy Harvesting:}{17}{subsubsection.1.6.5.1}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.5.2}Wireless Charging:}{17}{subsubsection.1.6.5.2}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.6}Radio Optimization:}{17}{subsection.1.6.6}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.7}Relay nodes and Sink Mobility:}{17}{subsection.1.6.7}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.7.1}Relay node placement:}{17}{subsubsection.1.6.7.1}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.7.2}Sink Mobility:}{18}{subsubsection.1.6.7.2}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.7}Network Lifetime in Wireless Sensor Networks}{18}{section.1.7}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.8}Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks }{19}{section.1.8}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.9}Design Issues for Coverage Problems:}{20}{section.1.9}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.10}Energy Consumption Models:}{21}{section.1.10}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.10.1}Radio Energy Dissipation Model:}{22}{subsection.1.10.1}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.10.2}Our Energy Consumption Model:}{23}{subsection.1.10.2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.11}Conclusion}{23}{section.1.11}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2}Related Literatures}{25}{chapter.2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.1}Introduction}{25}{section.2.1}
