-\contentsline {chapter}{Table of Contents}{4}{chapter*.1}
-\contentsline {chapter}{List of Figures}{6}{chapter*.2}
-\contentsline {chapter}{List of Tables}{7}{chapter*.3}
-\contentsline {chapter}{List of Algorithms}{9}{chapter*.4}
-\contentsline {chapter}{List of Acronyms}{9}{chapter*.4}
-\contentsline {chapter}{abbreviations}{11}{chapter*.5}
-\contentsline {chapter}{Abstract}{13}{chapter*.6}
-\contentsline {chapter}{Introduction }{15}{chapter*.7}
-\contentsline {section}{1. General Introduction }{15}{section*.8}
-\contentsline {section}{2. Motivation of the Dissertation }{16}{section*.9}
-\contentsline {section}{3. The Objective of this Dissertation}{16}{section*.10}
-\contentsline {section}{4. Main Contributions of this Dissertation}{16}{section*.11}
-\contentsline {section}{5. Dissertation Outline}{18}{section*.12}
-\contentsline {part}{I\hspace {1em}Scientific Background}{19}{part.1}
-\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {1}Wireless Sensor Networks}{21}{chapter.1}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.1}Introduction}{21}{section.1.1}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.2}Architecture}{22}{section.1.2}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.3}Types of Wireless Sensor Networks}{24}{section.1.3}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.4}Applications}{26}{section.1.4}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.5}The Main Challenges}{29}{section.1.5}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.6}Energy-Efficient Mechanisms of a working WSN}{31}{section.1.6}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.1}Energy-Efficient Routing}{31}{subsection.1.6.1}
-\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.1.1}Routing Metric based on Residual Energy}{31}{subsubsection.1.6.1.1}
-\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.1.2}Multipath Routing}{31}{subsubsection.1.6.1.2}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.2}Cluster Architecture}{32}{subsection.1.6.2}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.3}Scheduling Schemes}{32}{subsection.1.6.3}
-\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.3.1}Wake up Scheduling Schemes}{32}{subsubsection.1.6.3.1}
-\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.3.2}Topology Control Schemes}{35}{subsubsection.1.6.3.2}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.4}Data-Driven Schemes}{35}{subsection.1.6.4}
-\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.4.1}Data Reduction Schemes}{36}{subsubsection.1.6.4.1}
-\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.4.2}Energy Efficient Data Acquisition Schemes}{36}{subsubsection.1.6.4.2}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.5}Battery Repletion}{36}{subsection.1.6.5}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.6}Radio Optimization}{36}{subsection.1.6.6}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.7}Relay nodes and Sink Mobility}{37}{subsection.1.6.7}
-\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.7.1}Relay node placement}{37}{subsubsection.1.6.7.1}
-\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.7.2}Sink Mobility}{37}{subsubsection.1.6.7.2}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.7}Network Lifetime}{37}{section.1.7}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.8}Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks }{38}{section.1.8}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.9}Design Issues for Coverage Problems}{40}{section.1.9}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.10}Energy Consumption Model}{41}{section.1.10}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.11}Conclusion}{42}{section.1.11}
-\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2}Related Works on Coverage Problems}{43}{chapter.2}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.1}Introduction}{43}{section.2.1}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}Centralized Algorithms}{45}{section.2.2}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.3}Distributed Algorithms}{48}{section.2.3}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.1}GAF}{50}{subsection.2.3.1}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.2}DESK}{52}{subsection.2.3.2}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.4}Conclusion}{54}{section.2.4}
-\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3}Evaluation Tools and Optimization Solvers}{57}{chapter.3}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.1}Introduction}{57}{section.3.1}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.2}Evaluation Tools}{57}{section.3.2}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.1}Testbed Tools}{58}{subsection.3.2.1}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.2}Simulation Tools}{59}{subsection.3.2.2}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.3}Optimization Solvers}{64}{section.3.3}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.4}Conclusion}{67}{section.3.4}
-\contentsline {part}{II\hspace {1em}Contributions}{69}{part.2}
-\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4}Distributed Lifetime Coverage Optimization Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks}{71}{chapter.4}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.1}Introduction}{71}{section.4.1}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.2}Description of the DiLCO Protocol}{72}{section.4.2}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.1}Assumptions and Network Model}{72}{subsection.4.2.1}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.2}Primary Point Coverage Model}{73}{subsection.4.2.2}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.3}Main Idea}{74}{subsection.4.2.3}
-\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.3.1}Information Exchange Phase}{75}{subsubsection.4.2.3.1}
-\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.3.2}Leader Election Phase}{75}{subsubsection.4.2.3.2}
-\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.3.3}Decision phase}{75}{subsubsection.4.2.3.3}
-\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.3.4}Sensing phase}{75}{subsubsection.4.2.3.4}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.3}Primary Points based Coverage Problem Formulation}{76}{section.4.3}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.4}Simulation Results and Analysis}{78}{section.4.4}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.1}Simulation Framework}{78}{subsection.4.4.1}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.2}Modeling Language and Optimization Solver}{78}{subsection.4.4.2}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.3}Energy Consumption Model}{78}{subsection.4.4.3}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.4}Performance Metrics}{79}{subsection.4.4.4}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.5}Performance Analysis for Different Subregions}{80}{subsection.4.4.5}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.6}Performance Analysis for Primary Point Models}{86}{subsection.4.4.6}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.7}Performance Comparison with other Approaches}{91}{subsection.4.4.7}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.5}Conclusion}{97}{section.4.5}
-\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {5}Multiround Distributed Lifetime Coverage Optimization Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks}{99}{chapter.5}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.1}Introduction}{99}{section.5.1}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.2}MuDiLCO Protocol Description}{100}{section.5.2}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2.1}Background Idea and Algorithm}{100}{subsection.5.2.1}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.3}Primary Points based Multiround Coverage Problem Formulation}{101}{section.5.3}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.4}Experimental Study and Analysis}{103}{section.5.4}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.1}Simulation Setup}{103}{subsection.5.4.1}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.2}Metrics}{104}{subsection.5.4.2}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.3}Results Analysis and Comparison }{105}{subsection.5.4.3}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.5}Conclusion}{110}{section.5.5}
-\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {6}Perimeter-based Coverage Optimization to Improve Lifetime in Wireless Sensor Networks}{113}{chapter.6}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.1}Introduction}{113}{section.6.1}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.2}The PeCO Protocol Description}{114}{section.6.2}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2.1}Assumptions and Models}{114}{subsection.6.2.1}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2.2}The Main Idea}{117}{subsection.6.2.2}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2.3}PeCO Protocol Algorithm}{117}{subsection.6.2.3}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.3}Perimeter-based Coverage Problem Formulation}{118}{section.6.3}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.4}Performance Evaluation and Analysis}{120}{section.6.4}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.4.1}Simulation Settings}{120}{subsection.6.4.1}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.4.2}Simulation Results}{121}{subsection.6.4.2}
-\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.4.2.1}Coverage Ratio}{122}{subsubsection.6.4.2.1}
-\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.4.2.2}Active Sensors Ratio}{122}{subsubsection.6.4.2.2}
-\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.4.2.3}The Energy Consumption}{123}{subsubsection.6.4.2.3}
-\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.4.2.4}The Network Lifetime}{123}{subsubsection.6.4.2.4}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.5}Conclusion}{126}{section.6.5}
-\contentsline {part}{III\hspace {1em}Conclusion and Perspectives}{127}{part.3}
-\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {7}Conclusion and Perspectives}{129}{chapter.7}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.1}Conclusion}{129}{section.7.1}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.2}Perspectives}{130}{section.7.2}
-\contentsline {part}{Bibliographie}{146}{chapter*.13}
+\contentsline {chapter}{Abstract}{1}{chapter*.1}
+\contentsline {chapter}{R\IeC {\'e}sum\IeC {\'e}}{3}{chapter*.2}
+\contentsline {chapter}{Table of Contents}{8}{chapter*.3}
+\contentsline {chapter}{List of Figures}{10}{chapter*.4}
+\contentsline {chapter}{List of Tables}{11}{chapter*.5}
+\contentsline {chapter}{List of Algorithms}{13}{chapter*.6}
+\contentsline {chapter}{List of Abbreviations}{15}{chapter*.7}
+\contentsline {chapter}{Introduction }{19}{chapter*.8}
+\contentsline {section}{1. General Introduction }{19}{section*.9}
+\contentsline {section}{2. Motivation of the Dissertation }{20}{section*.10}
+\contentsline {section}{4. Main Contributions of this Dissertation}{20}{section*.11}
+\contentsline {section}{5. Dissertation Outline}{21}{section*.12}
+\contentsline {part}{I\hspace {1em}Scientific Background}{23}{part.1}
+\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {1}Wireless Sensor Networks}{25}{chapter.1}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.1}Introduction}{25}{section.1.1}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.2}Architecture}{26}{section.1.2}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.3}Types of Wireless Sensor Networks}{28}{section.1.3}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.4}Applications}{30}{section.1.4}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.5}The Main Challenges}{33}{section.1.5}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.6}Energy-Efficient Mechanisms of a working WSN}{35}{section.1.6}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.1}Energy-Efficient Routing}{35}{subsection.1.6.1}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.1.1}Routing Metric based on Residual Energy}{35}{subsubsection.1.6.1.1}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.1.2}Multipath Routing}{35}{subsubsection.1.6.1.2}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.2}Cluster Architecture}{36}{subsection.1.6.2}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.3}Scheduling Schemes}{36}{subsection.1.6.3}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.3.1}Wake up Scheduling Schemes}{36}{subsubsection.1.6.3.1}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.3.2}Topology Control Schemes}{39}{subsubsection.1.6.3.2}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.4}Data-Driven Schemes}{39}{subsection.1.6.4}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.4.1}Data Reduction Schemes}{40}{subsubsection.1.6.4.1}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.4.2}Energy Efficient Data Acquisition Schemes}{40}{subsubsection.1.6.4.2}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.5}Battery Repletion}{40}{subsection.1.6.5}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.6}Radio Optimization}{40}{subsection.1.6.6}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.7}Relay nodes and Sink Mobility}{41}{subsection.1.6.7}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.7.1}Relay node placement}{41}{subsubsection.1.6.7.1}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.7.2}Sink Mobility}{41}{subsubsection.1.6.7.2}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.7}Network Lifetime}{41}{section.1.7}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.8}Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks }{42}{section.1.8}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.9}Design Issues for Coverage Problems}{44}{section.1.9}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.10}Energy Consumption Model}{45}{section.1.10}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.11}Conclusion}{46}{section.1.11}
+\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2}Related Works on Coverage Problems}{47}{chapter.2}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.1}Introduction}{47}{section.2.1}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}Centralized Algorithms}{49}{section.2.2}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.3}Distributed Algorithms}{51}{section.2.3}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.1}Geographical Adaptive Fidelity (GAF)}{53}{subsection.2.3.1}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.2}Distributed Energy-efficient Scheduling for K-coverage (DESK)}{55}{subsection.2.3.2}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.4}Conclusion}{59}{section.2.4}
+\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3}Evaluation Tools and Optimization Solvers}{61}{chapter.3}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.1}Introduction}{61}{section.3.1}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.2}Evaluation Tools}{61}{section.3.2}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.1}Testbed Tools}{62}{subsection.3.2.1}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.2}Simulation Tools}{63}{subsection.3.2.2}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.3}Optimization Solvers}{68}{section.3.3}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.4}Conclusion}{71}{section.3.4}
+\contentsline {part}{II\hspace {1em}Contributions}{73}{part.2}
+\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4}Distributed Lifetime Coverage Optimization Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks}{75}{chapter.4}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.1}Introduction}{75}{section.4.1}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.2}Description of the DiLCO Protocol}{76}{section.4.2}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.1}Assumptions and Network Model}{76}{subsection.4.2.1}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.2}Primary Point Coverage Model}{77}{subsection.4.2.2}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.3}Main Idea}{78}{subsection.4.2.3}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.3.1}Information Exchange Phase}{79}{subsubsection.4.2.3.1}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.3.2}Leader Election Phase}{79}{subsubsection.4.2.3.2}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.3.3}Decision phase}{79}{subsubsection.4.2.3.3}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.3.4}Sensing phase}{79}{subsubsection.4.2.3.4}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.3}Primary Points based Coverage Problem Formulation}{80}{section.4.3}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.4}Simulation Results and Analysis}{82}{section.4.4}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.1}Simulation Framework}{82}{subsection.4.4.1}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.2}Modeling Language and Optimization Solver}{82}{subsection.4.4.2}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.3}Energy Consumption Model}{82}{subsection.4.4.3}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.4}Performance Metrics}{83}{subsection.4.4.4}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.5}Performance Analysis for Different Subregions}{84}{subsection.4.4.5}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.6}Performance Analysis for Primary Point Models}{90}{subsection.4.4.6}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.7}Performance Comparison with other Approaches}{95}{subsection.4.4.7}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.5}Conclusion}{101}{section.4.5}
+\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {5}Multiround Distributed Lifetime Coverage Optimization Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks}{103}{chapter.5}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.1}Introduction}{103}{section.5.1}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.2}MuDiLCO Protocol Description}{104}{section.5.2}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2.1}Background Idea and Algorithm}{104}{subsection.5.2.1}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.3}Primary Points based Multiround Coverage Problem Formulation}{105}{section.5.3}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.4}Experimental Study and Analysis}{107}{section.5.4}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.1}Simulation Setup}{107}{subsection.5.4.1}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.2}Metrics}{108}{subsection.5.4.2}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.3}Results Analysis and Comparison }{109}{subsection.5.4.3}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.5}Conclusion}{114}{section.5.5}
+\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {6}Perimeter-based Coverage Optimization to Improve Lifetime in Wireless Sensor Networks}{117}{chapter.6}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.1}Introduction}{117}{section.6.1}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.2}The PeCO Protocol Description}{118}{section.6.2}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2.1}Assumptions and Models}{118}{subsection.6.2.1}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2.2}The Main Idea}{121}{subsection.6.2.2}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2.3}PeCO Protocol Algorithm}{121}{subsection.6.2.3}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.3}Perimeter-based Coverage Problem Formulation}{122}{section.6.3}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.4}Performance Evaluation and Analysis}{124}{section.6.4}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.4.1}Simulation Settings}{124}{subsection.6.4.1}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.4.2}Simulation Results}{125}{subsection.6.4.2}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.4.2.1}Coverage Ratio}{126}{subsubsection.6.4.2.1}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.4.2.2}Active Sensors Ratio}{126}{subsubsection.6.4.2.2}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.4.2.3}The Energy Consumption}{127}{subsubsection.6.4.2.3}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.4.2.4}The Network Lifetime}{127}{subsubsection.6.4.2.4}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.5}Conclusion}{130}{section.6.5}
+\contentsline {part}{III\hspace {1em}Conclusion and Perspectives}{131}{part.3}
+\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {7}Conclusion and Perspectives}{133}{chapter.7}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.1}Conclusion}{133}{section.7.1}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.2}Perspectives}{134}{section.7.2}
+\contentsline {part}{Bibliographie}{150}{chapter*.13}
