%Acknowledgement
-First of all, I would like to offer my utmost gratitude to God, the creator of all things, and to thank him for his support and guidance to complete this journey.
+%First of all, I would like to offer my utmost gratitude to God, the creator of all things, and to thank him for his support and guidance to complete this journey.
The long journey of my Ph.D. study has finished. It is with great pleasure that I acknowledge my debts to those who have greatly contributed to the success of this dissertation. It was only through support and encouragement of many that I have been able to complete this amazing journey.
I would like to gratefully acknowledge the University of Babylon, Iraq for financial support; Campus France and University of Franche-Comté for the received support.
-My appreciation and thanks go to the members of the team AND (Algorithms and Distributed Digital) for the warm and friendly atmosphere in which he allowed me to work. So thank you to Jacques Bahi, Huu Quan Do, Bassam Alkindy, Abdallah Makhoul, Jean-Claude Charr, Jean-François Couchot, Ahmed Mostefaoui, Ahmed Fanfakh, Yousra Ahmed Fadil, Stéphane Domas, Arnaud Giersch, Christophe Guyeux, Mourad Hakem, David Laiyamani, Gilles Michel Perrot, Christien Salim, Carol Habib, Hassan Harb, and Ke Du. I would like to express my thanks and my best wishes to Ingrid Couturier for all the received assistance during my study. I would also like to express my thanks to Dr. Lilia Ziane Khodja, PostDoc at $LTAS-A\&M$, Liege, Belgium. I dare not risk missing to mention anyone’s name, so I will simply say 'thank you ALL for being there for me'.
+My appreciation and thanks go to the members of the team AND (Algorithms and Distributed Digital) for the warm and friendly atmosphere in which he allowed me to work. So thank you to Jacques Bahi, Pierre-Cyrille HEAM, Huu Quan Do, Bassam Alkindy, Abdallah Makhoul, Huda AL-NAYYEF, Jean-Claude Charr, Jean-François Couchot, Ahmed Mostefaoui, Ahmed Fanfakh, Yousra Ahmed Fadil, Stéphane Domas, Pierre SAENGER, Zeinab FAWAZ, Arnaud Giersch, Christophe Guyeux, Mourad Hakem, David LAIYMANI, Gilles PERROT, Christian Salim, Bashar AL-NUAIMI, Santiago Costarelli, Carol Habib, Hassan MOUSTAFA HARB, and Ke Du. I would like to express my thanks and my best wishes to Ingrid Couturier for all the received assistance during my study. I would also like to express my thanks to Dr. Lilia Ziane Khodja, PostDoc at $LTAS-A\&M$, Liege, Belgium. I would like to thank Béatrice Domenge and Maxim Moureaux in the Reprographie service for all received assistance during my study. I would also like to thank Patricia Py in the Computer Department secretary. I dare not risk missing to mention anyone’s name, so I will simply say 'thank you ALL for being there for me'.
Last but not the least, I would like to extend a warm appreciation to those families and friends who have been encouraging along the way.
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