From: ali Date: Wed, 2 Sep 2015 13:20:28 +0000 (+0200) Subject: Update by Ali X-Git-Url: https://bilbo.iut-bm.univ-fcomte.fr/and/gitweb/ThesisAli.git/commitdiff_plain/127dd5ebfa42d2c6220639b057082517a4502c38?ds=sidebyside;hp=684317c66745a48decd4e6f33d01c2f6ef100819 Update by Ali --- diff --git a/SlidesAli/Hexagones.jpg b/SlidesAli/Hexagones.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..66d43f8 Binary files /dev/null and b/SlidesAli/Hexagones.jpg differ diff --git a/SlidesAli/These.pdf b/SlidesAli/These.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c2ac72d Binary files /dev/null and b/SlidesAli/These.pdf differ diff --git a/SlidesAli/These.tex b/SlidesAli/These.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4658b27 --- /dev/null +++ b/SlidesAli/These.tex @@ -0,0 +1,1231 @@ +\documentclass{beamer} +\usepackage{beamerthemefemto} +\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} +\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath,amssymb,stmaryrd} +\usepackage[frenchb]{babel} +\usepackage{graphicx} +\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} +%\usepackage[section]{algorithm} +%\usepackage{algorithmic} +\usepackage{moreverb} +\usepackage{verbatim} +\usepackage{spverbatim} +\usepackage{mdwlist} +\usepackage{multirow} + \usepackage{animate} +\usepackage{multido} + \usepackage{lmodern} + \usepackage{tikz} + \usepackage{booktabs} + \usepackage{pifont} + \usepackage{color} +\usepackage{algorithmic} +%\usepackage[ruled,english,boxed,linesnumbered]{algorithm2e} +%\usepackage[english]{algorithme} +\usepackage{subfigure} +\usepackage{listings} + +\usepackage{array} +\usepackage{picture} +\usepackage{float} + + \def\setgrouptext#1{\gdef\grouptext{#1}} +\newenvironment{groupeditems}{\begin{displaymath}\left.\vbox\bgroup\setgrouptext}{% + \egroup\right\rbrace\hbox{\grouptext}\end{displaymath}} + +\newcommand*\rot{\rotatebox{90}} +\newcommand*\OK{\ding{51}} + +\newcommand{\mcrot}[4]{\multicolumn{#1}{#2}{\rlap{\rotatebox{#3}{#4}~}}} + +\newcommand*{\twoelementtable}[3][l]% +{% + \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{0.8}% + \begin{tabular}[t]{@{}#1@{}}% + #2\tabularnewline + #3% + \end{tabular}% +} + + +\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.jpg, .png , .pdf, .bmp, .pdftex} + +\setbeamertemplate{section in toc}[sections numbered] +\setbeamertemplate{subsection in toc}[subsections numbered] + +\AtBeginSection[] +{ +\begin{frame} +\frametitle{Presentation Outline} +\tableofcontents[currentsection] +\end{frame} +} + + +\title{\textbf{Distributed Coverage Optimization Techniques for Improving Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks} \\\vspace{0.1cm}\hspace{2cm}\textbf{\textcolor{cyan}{\small PhD Dissertation Defense}}} +\author{\textbf{\textcolor{green}{Ali Kadhum IDREES}} \\\vspace{0.5cm} \small Under Supervision: \\\textcolor{cyan}{\small Raphaël COUTURIER, Karine DESCHINKEL \& Michel SALOMON} \\\vspace{0.2cm} \textcolor{blue}{ University of Franche-Comté - FEMTO-ST - DISC Dept. - AND Team} \\\vspace{0.2cm}~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\textbf{\textcolor{green}{1 October 2015 }}} + +%\institute[FEMTO-ST, DISC]{\textit{FEMTO-ST - DISC Departement - AND Team}} + +\date{ } + + + + +% ____ _____ ____ _ _ _____ +% | _ \| ____| __ )| | | |_ _| +% | | | | _| | _ \| | | | | | +% | |_| | |___| |_) | |_| | | | +% |____/|_____|____/ \___/ |_| +% + +\begin{document} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 01 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\setbeamertemplate{background}{\titrefemto} +\begin{frame}[plain] +\begin{center} +\titlepage +\end{center} +\end{frame} + + +\setbeamertemplate{background}{\pagefemto} + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 02 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame} {Problem Definition, Solution, and Objectives} + \vspace{-3.5em} + \begin{figure} + \includegraphics[width=0.475\textwidth]{Figures/6} + \hfill +% \includegraphics[width=0.475\textwidth]{Figures/8} +% \hfill + \includegraphics[width=0.475\textwidth]{Figures/10} +% \hfill +% \includegraphics[width=0.475\textwidth]{Figures/13} +\end{figure} + + \begin{block}{\textcolor{white}{ MAIN QUESTION?}} + How to reduce the redundancy while coverage preservation for prolong the network lifetime continuously and effectively when monitoring a certain area of interest? +\end{block} + \end{frame} + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 03 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{Problem Definition, Solution, and Objectives} + +\begin{block}{\textcolor{white}{OUR SOLUTION}} +The area of interest is divided into subregions using a divide-and conquer method and then combine two efficient techniques : + + \begin{itemize} + \item Leader Election for each subregion. + % \item Activity Scheduling based optimization is planned for each subregion. + \end{itemize} + + \end{block} +\begin{figure} + \includegraphics[width=0.475\textwidth]{Figures/div} + \hfill + \includegraphics[width=0.475\textwidth]{Figures/div2} +\end{figure} + +\end{frame} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 03.1 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{Problem Definition, Solution, and Objectives} + +\begin{block}{\textcolor{white}{OUR SOLUTION}} + \begin{itemize} + %\item Leader Election for each subregion. + \item Activity Scheduling based optimization is planned for each subregion. + \end{itemize} + + \end{block} +\begin{figure} + \includegraphics[width=0.775\textwidth]{Figures/act} + +\end{figure} + +\end{frame} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 03.2 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{Problem Definition, Solution, and Objectives} + +\begin{block}{\textcolor{white}{Dissertation Objectives}} +Develop energy-efficient distributed optimization protocols that should be able to: + \begin{itemize} + \item Schedule node activities by optimize both coverage and lifetime. + \item Combine two efficient techniques: leader election and sensor activity scheduling. + \item Perform a distributed optimization process. + \end{itemize} + + \end{block} + + +\end{frame} + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 04 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{Presentation Outline} +\begin{small} + \tableofcontents[section,subsection] +\end{small} +\end{frame} + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 05 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\section{\small {State of the Art}} + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 06 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)} +\vspace{-3.5em} + \begin{columns}[c] + +\column{.58\textwidth} + + \begin{figure}[!t] + \includegraphics[height = 3cm]{Figures/WSNT.jpg} + \end{figure} + + + + \begin{femtoBlock} + {Sensor \\} + \begin{itemize} + \item Electronic Low-cost tiny device. + \item Sense, process and transmit data. + \item Limited energy, memory and processing capabilities. + \end{itemize} + \end{femtoBlock} + + \column{.52\textwidth} + + \begin{figure}[!t] + \includegraphics[height = 4.5cm]{Figures/WSN.jpg} + \end{figure} + \vspace{-3.5em} + \begin{figure}[!t] + \includegraphics[height = 2cm]{Figures/sn.jpg} + \end{figure} + + + % \begin{femtoBlock} {}% {SOME APPLICATIONS OF WSNs \\} + +% \includegraphics[height =1 cm]{1.png} +% \includegraphics[height =1cm]{2.png}\\ +% \includegraphics[height =1cm]{5.jpg} +% \includegraphics[height = 1cm]{traffic.jpg} +% \includegraphics[height = 1cm]{3.png} +% + + % \end{femtoBlock} + +\end{columns} + + + +\end{frame} + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 7 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{Types of Wireless Sensor Networks} + +\vspace{-1.5em} +% \begin{columns}[c] +% +%\column{.52\textwidth} +%\begin{itemize} +% \item Terrestrial WSNs. +% \item Underground WSNs. +% \item Underwater WSNs. +% \item Multimedia WSNs. +% \item Mobile WSNs. +% \item Flying WSNs. +%\end{itemize} +% +% \column{.58\textwidth} + \begin{figure}[!t] + \includegraphics[height = 7cm]{Figures/typesWSN.pdf} + \end{figure} + +%\end{columns} +\end{frame} + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 08 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{Applications} +\vspace{-1.5em} + +\begin{figure}[!t] + \includegraphics[height = 7cm]{Figures/WSNAP.pdf} + \end{figure} +\end{frame} + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 09 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{Energy-Efficient Mechanisms of a working WSN} +\vspace{-2.5em} + \centering +\begin{figure}[!t] + + \includegraphics[height = 5cm]{Figures/WSN-M.pdf} + \end{figure} +\end{frame} + +%\begin{frame}{Energy-Efficient Mechanisms of a working WSN} +%\vspace{-1.5em} +% +%\begin{figure}[!t] +% \includegraphics[height = 7cm]{Figures/WSN-S.pdf} +% \end{figure} +%\end{frame} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 10 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{Network Lifetime} +\vspace{-1.5em} +\begin{block}{\textcolor{white} {Some network lifetime defintions:}} +\begin{enumerate}[i)] +\item \small Time spent until death of the first sensor ( or cluster head ). +\item Time spent until death of all wireless sensor nodes in WSN. +\item Time spent by WSN in covering each target by at least one sensor. +\item Time during which the area of interest is covered by at least k nodes. +\item Elapsed time until losing the connectivity or the coverage. +\end{enumerate} +\end{block} + +\begin{block}{\textcolor{white} {Network lifetime In this dissertation:}} +Time elapsed until the coverage ratio becomes less than a predetermined threshold $\alpha$. +\end{block} + + +\end{frame} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 10.1 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks} + +\begin{block} <1-> {\textcolor{white} {Coverage Definition:}} +\textcolor{blue} {Coverage} reflects how well a sensor field is monitored efficiently using as less energy as possible. +\end{block} + + + +\begin{block} <2-> {\textcolor{white} {Coverage Types:}} +\begin{enumerate} +\item \small \textcolor{blue} {Area coverage:} every point inside an area has to be monitored. +\item \textcolor{blue} {Target coverage:} is to cover only a finite number of discrete points called targets. + +\item \textcolor{blue} {Barrier coverage:} is to detect targets as they cross a barrier such as in intrusion detection and border surveillance applications. +\end{enumerate} +\end{block} + + + +\begin{block} <3-> {\textcolor{white} {Coverage type in this dissertation:}} +The work presented in this dissertation deals with area coverage. +\end{block} + +\end{frame} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 11 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{Existing Works} +\vspace{-0.3em} +\begin{block} {\textcolor{white} {Coverage Approaches:}} +Most existing coverage approaches in literature classified into +\begin{enumerate}[A)] +\item Full centralized coverage algorithms. + \begin{itemize} + \item Optimal or near optimal solution. + \item low computation power for the sensors (except for base station). + \item High communication overhead. + \item Not scalable for large WSNs. + \end{itemize} +\item Full distributed coverage algorithms. + \begin{itemize} + \item Lower quality solution. + \item High communication overhead especially for dense WSNs. + \item Reliable and scalable for large WSNs. + \end{itemize} +\end{enumerate} + +\end{block} + + +\begin{block} {\textcolor{white} {Coverage protocols in this dissertation:}} +The protocols presented in this dissertation combine between the two above approaches. +\end{block} + + +\end{frame} + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 12 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\section{\small {Distributed Lifetime Coverage Optimization Protocol (DiLCO)}} + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 13 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{\small DiLCO Protocol $\blacktriangleright$ Assumptions and Network Model:} +\vspace{-0.5cm} + + +\begin{femtoBlock} {} %{Assumptions and Network Model:} + + \begin{columns}[c] + + \column{.50\textwidth} + + \vspace{-1.0cm} + + \begin{enumerate} [$\divideontimes$] + \item Static Wireless Sensors. + \item Uniform deployment. + \item High density deployment. + \item Homogeneous in terms of: + \begin{itemize} + \item Sensing, Communication, and Processing capabilities + \end{itemize} + \item Heterogeneous Energy. + \item Its $R_c\geq 2R_s$. + \item Multi-hop communication. + \item Know Its location by: + \begin{itemize} + \item Embedded GPS or + \item Location Discovery Algorithm. + \end{itemize} + \end{enumerate} + + + + \column{.50\textwidth} + \begin{enumerate} [$\divideontimes$] + \item Using two kinds of packet: + \begin{itemize} + \item INFO packet. + \item ActiveSleep packet. + \end{itemize} + \item Five status for each node: + \begin{itemize} + \item LISTENING, ACTIVE, SLEEP, COMPUTATION, and COMMUNICATION. + \end{itemize} + \end{enumerate} + + \begin{femtoBlock} { \small Primary point coverage model} + \vspace{-1.2cm} + \begin{center} + \includegraphics[height = 4.0cm]{Figures/fig21.pdf} + + \end{center} + \end{femtoBlock} + + \end{columns} + \end{femtoBlock} + +\end{frame} + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 14 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{\small DiLCO Protocol $\blacktriangleright$ Main Idea} +%\vspace{-3.2cm} +\begin{femtoBlock} {}%{Main Idea:\\} +\centering +\includegraphics[height = 2.5cm]{Figures/OneSensingRound.jpg} + +\vspace{1.2cm} +\begin{enumerate} +\item \textcolor{blue}{ \textbf{INFORMATION EXCHANGE:}}\\ +Sensors exchanges through multi-hop communication, their: +\begin{itemize} +\item Position coordinates, +\item current remaining energy, +\item sensor node ID, and +\item number of its one-hop live neighbors. +\end{itemize} + + +\end{enumerate} + +\end{femtoBlock} +\end{frame} + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 14.1 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{\small DiLCO Protocol $\blacktriangleright$ Main Idea} +%\vspace{-3.2cm} +\begin{femtoBlock} {}%{Main Idea:\\} + +\begin{enumerate} [2.] + +\item \textcolor{blue}{ \textbf{ LEADER ELECTION:}}\\ +The selection criteria are, in order of importance: +\begin{itemize} +\item larger number of neighbors, +\item larger remaining energy, and then in case of equality, +\item larger ID. +\end{itemize} +\end{enumerate} + +\begin{enumerate} [3.] +\item \textcolor{blue}{ \textbf{ DECISION:}} \\ +Leader solves an integer program(see next slide) to: +\begin{itemize} +\item Select which sensors will be activated in the sensing phase. +\item Send Active-Sleep packet to each sensor in the subregion. +\end{itemize} +\end{enumerate} +\begin{enumerate} [4.] +\item \textcolor{blue}{ \textbf{ SENSING:}} \\ +Based on Active-Sleep Packet Information: +\begin{itemize} +\item Active sensors will execute their sensing task. +\item Sleep sensors will wait a time equal to the period of sensing to wakeup. + +\end{itemize} + +\end{enumerate} + +\end{femtoBlock} +\end{frame} + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 15 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{\small DiLCO Protocol $\blacktriangleright$ Coverage Problem Formulation} +\begin{femtoBlock} { } +\noindent Our coverage optimization problem can then be formulated as follows: +\begin{equation*} \label{eq:ip2r} +\left \{ +\begin{array}{ll} +\min \sum_{p \in P} (w_{\theta} \Theta_{p} + w_{U} U_{p})&\\ +\textrm{subject to :}&\\ +\sum_{j \in J} \alpha_{jp} X_{j} - \Theta_{p}+ U_{p} =1, &\forall p \in P\\ +%\label{c1} +%\sum_{t \in T} X_{j,t} \leq \frac{RE_j}{e_t} &\forall j \in J \\ +%\label{c2} +\Theta_{p}\in \mathbb{N}, &\forall p \in P\\ +U_{p} \in \{0,1\}, &\forall p \in P \\ +X_{j} \in \{0,1\}, &\forall j \in J +\end{array} +\right. +\end{equation*} + +\begin{itemize} +\item $X_{j}$ : indicates whether or not the sensor $j$ is actively sensing (1 + if yes and 0 if not); +\item $\Theta_{p}$ : {\it overcoverage}, the number of sensors minus one that + are covering the primary point $p$; +\item $U_{p}$ : {\it undercoverage}, indicates whether or not the primary point + $p$ is being covered (1 if not covered and 0 if covered). +\end{itemize} + +\end{femtoBlock} + +\end{frame} + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 16 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{\small DiLCO Protocol $\blacktriangleright$ DiLCO Protocol Algorithm} +%\begin{femtoBlock} {} +\centering +%\includegraphics[height = 7.2cm]{Figures/algo.jpeg} +\includegraphics[height = 7.2cm]{Figures/Algo1.png} +%\end{femtoBlock} + +\end{frame} + + + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 18 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{\small DiLCO Protocol $\blacktriangleright$ Simulation Framework} +\vspace{-0.8cm} +\small +\begin{table}[ht] +\caption{Relevant parameters for network initializing.} +\centering +\begin{tabular}{c|c} +\hline +Parameter & Value \\ [0.5ex] +\hline +Sensing Field & $(50 \times 25)~m^2 $ \\ +Nodes Number & 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250~nodes \\ +Initial Energy & 500-700~joules \\ +Sensing Period & 60 Minutes \\ +$E_{th}$ & 36 Joules\\ +$R_s$ & 5~m \\ +$R_c$ & 10~m \\ +$w_{\Theta}$ & 1 \\ +$w_{U}$ & $|P|^2$ \\ +Modeling Language & A Mathematical Programming Language (AMPL) \\ +Optimization Solver & GNU linear Programming Kit (GLPK) \\ +Network Simulator & Discrete Event Simulator OMNeT++ +\end{tabular} +\label{tablech4} +\end{table} + +\end{frame} + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 19 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{\small DiLCO Protocol $\blacktriangleright$ Energy Model \& Performance Metrics } +%\vspace{-1.8cm} +\begin{femtoBlock} {Energy Consumption Model} +\vspace{-1.0cm} +\begin{table}[h] +%\centering +\small +%\caption{Power consumption values} +\label{tab:EC} +\begin{tabular}{|l||cccc|} + \hline + {\bf Sensor status} & MCU & Radio & Sensing & {\it Power (mW)} \\ + \hline + LISTENING & On & On & On & 20.05 \\ + ACTIVE & On & Off & On & 9.72 \\ + SLEEP & Off & Off & Off & 0.02 \\ + COMPUTATION & On & On & On & 26.83 \\ + \hline + \multicolumn{4}{|l}{Energy needed to send or receive a 2-bit content message} & 0.515 \\ + \hline +\end{tabular} +\end{table} + +\end{femtoBlock} +\vspace{-0.5cm} +\begin{femtoBlock} {Performance Metrics} +\small +\begin{enumerate}[$\mapsto$] +\item {{\bf Network Lifetime}} +\item {{\bf Coverage Ratio (CR)}} +\item {{\bf Energy Consumption}} +\item{{\bf Number of Active Sensors Ratio (ASR)}} +\item {{\bf Execution Time}} +%\item {{\bf Stopped Simulation Runs}} + +\end{enumerate} +\end{femtoBlock} +\end{frame} + + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 20 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{ \small DiLCO Protocol $\blacktriangleright$ Performance Comparison} + +\vspace{-0.5cm} +\begin{figure}[h!] +\centering + \includegraphics[scale=0.5] {Figures/R3/CR.eps} +\caption{Coverage ratio for 150 deployed nodes} +\label{Figures/ch4/R3/CR} +\end{figure} + + + +\end{frame} + + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 20 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{ \small DiLCO Protocol $\blacktriangleright$ Performance Comparison} +\vspace{-0.5cm} + +\begin{figure}[h!] +\centering +\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{Figures/R3/ASR.eps} +\caption{Active sensors ratio for 150 deployed nodes } +\label{Figures/ch4/R3/ASR} +\end{figure} +\end{frame} + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 21 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%\begin{frame}{ \small DiLCO Protocol $\blacktriangleright$ Performance Comparison} +%\vspace{-0.5cm} +%\begin{figure}[h!] +%\centering +%\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{Figures/R3/SR.eps} +%\caption{Percentage of stopped simulation runs for 150 deployed nodes } +%\label{Figures/ch4/R3/SR} +%\end{figure} +%\end{frame} + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 22 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{ \small DiLCO Protocol $\blacktriangleright$ Performance Comparison} +\vspace{-0.5cm} +\begin{figure}%[h!] +\begin{columns}[c] + \column{.50\textwidth} +\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{Figures/R3/EC95.eps} +\footnotesize \\~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(a)\\ +\column{.50\textwidth} +\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{Figures/R3/EC50.eps} +\footnotesize \\~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(b) \\ +\end{columns} +\caption{Energy consumption for (a) $Lifetime_{95}$ and (b) $Lifetime_{50}$} +\label{Figures/ch4/R3/EC} +\end{figure} + + +\end{frame} + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 23 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{ \small DiLCO Protocol $\blacktriangleright$ Performance Comparison} +\vspace{-0.5cm} +\begin{figure}%[h!] +\begin{columns}[c] + \column{.50\textwidth} +\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{Figures/R3/LT95.eps} +\footnotesize \\~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(a)\\ +\column{.50\textwidth} +\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{Figures/R3/LT50.eps} +\footnotesize \\~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(b) \\ +\end{columns} +\caption{Network lifetime for (a) $Lifetime_{95}$ and (b) $Lifetime_{50}$} + \label{Figures/ch4/R3/LT} +\end{figure} + + + + +\end{frame} + + + + + + +\section{\small{Multiround Distributed Lifetime Coverage Optimization Protocol (MuDiLCO)}} + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 28 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{\small MuDiLCO Protocol $\blacktriangleright$ Main Idia} +\vspace{-0.2cm} +\begin{figure}[ht!] + \includegraphics[width=110mm]{Figures/GeneralModel.jpg} +\caption{MuDiLCO protocol.} +\label{fig2} +\end{figure} +\end{frame} + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 29 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{\small MuDiLCO Protocol $\blacktriangleright$ Multiround Coverage Problem Formulation} +\vspace{0.2cm} +\small +Our coverage optimization problem can then be formulated as follows +\vspace{-0.2cm} +\begin{equation*} + \min \sum_{t=1}^{T} \sum_{p=1}^{P} \left(W_{\theta}* \Theta_{t,p} + W_{U} * U_{t,p} \right) \label{eq15} +\end{equation*} + +Subject to +\vspace{-0.2cm} +\begin{equation*} + \sum_{j=1}^{|J|} \alpha_{j,p} * X_{t,j} = \Theta_{t,p} - U_{t,p} + 1 \label{eq16} \hspace{6 mm} \forall p \in P, t = 1,\dots,T +\end{equation*} + +\begin{equation*} + \sum_{t=1}^{T} X_{t,j} \leq \lfloor {RE_{j}/E_{th}} \rfloor \hspace{6 mm} \forall j \in J, t = 1,\dots,T + \label{eq144} +\end{equation*} + +\begin{equation*} +X_{t,j} \in \lbrace0,1\rbrace, \hspace{10 mm} \forall j \in J, t = 1,\dots,T \label{eq17} +\end{equation*} + +\begin{equation*} +U_{t,p} \in \lbrace0,1\rbrace, \hspace{10 mm}\forall p \in P, t = 1,\dots,T \label{eq18} +\end{equation*} + +\begin{equation*} + \Theta_{t,p} \geq 0 \hspace{10 mm}\forall p \in P, t = 1,\dots,T \label{eq178} +\end{equation*} + + + + + + +\end{frame} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 30 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{\small MuDiLCO Protocol $\blacktriangleright$ MuDiLCO Protocol Algorithm} +%\vspace{0.2cm} +\begin{femtoBlock} {} +\centering +%\includegraphics[height = 7.2cm]{Figures/algo2.jpeg} +\includegraphics[height = 7.2cm]{Figures/Algo2.png} +\end{femtoBlock} +\end{frame} + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 31 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{\small MuDiLCO Protocol $\blacktriangleright$ Results Analysis and Comparison} +\vspace{-0.5cm} +\begin{figure}[h!] +\centering + \includegraphics[scale=0.5] {Figures/R1/CR.pdf} +\caption{Average coverage ratio for 150 deployed nodes} +\label{fig3} +\end{figure} +\end{frame} + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 32 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{\small MuDiLCO Protocol $\blacktriangleright$ Results Analysis and Comparison} +\vspace{-0.5cm} +\begin{figure}[h!] +\centering +\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{Figures/R1/ASR.pdf} +\caption{Active sensors ratio for 150 deployed nodes} +\label{fig4} +\end{figure} +\end{frame} + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 33 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%\begin{frame}{\small MuDiLCO Protocol $\blacktriangleright$ Results Analysis and Comparison} +%\vspace{-0.5cm} +%\begin{figure}[t] +%\centering +%\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{Figures/R1/SR.pdf} +%\caption{Cumulative percentage of stopped simulation runs for 150 deployed nodes } +%\label{fig6} +%\end{figure} +%\end{frame} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 34 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{\small MuDiLCO Protocol $\blacktriangleright$ Results Analysis and Comparison} +\vspace{-0.5cm} +\begin{figure}[h!] +\centering +\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{Figures/R1/T.pdf} +\caption{Execution Time (in seconds)} +\label{fig77} +\end{figure} +\end{frame} + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 35 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{\small MuDiLCO Protocol $\blacktriangleright$ Results Analysis and Comparison} +\vspace{-0.5cm} +\begin{figure}%[h!] +\begin{columns}[c] + \column{.50\textwidth} +\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{Figures/R1/EC95.eps} +\footnotesize \\~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(a)\\ +\column{.50\textwidth} +\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{Figures/R1/EC50.eps} +\footnotesize \\~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(b) \\ +\end{columns} +\caption{Energy consumption for (a) $Lifetime_{95}$ and (b) $Lifetime_{50}$} +\label{Figures/ch4t/R3/EC} +\end{figure} +\end{frame} + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 36 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{\small MuDiLCO Protocol $\blacktriangleright$ Results Analysis and Comparison} +\vspace{-0.5cm} +\begin{figure}%[h!] +\begin{columns}[c] + \column{.50\textwidth} +\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{Figures/R1/LT95.eps} +\footnotesize \\~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(a)\\ +\column{.50\textwidth} +\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{Figures/R1/LT50.eps} +\footnotesize \\~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(b) \\ +\end{columns} +\caption{Network lifetime for (a) $Lifetime_{95}$ and (b) $Lifetime_{50}$} +\label{Figures/ch4/Rh3/EC} +\end{figure} + +\end{frame} + + + + +\section{\small {Perimeter-based Coverage Optimization (PeCO) to Improve Lifetime in WSNs +}} + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 45 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{\small PeCO Protocol $\blacktriangleright$ Assumptions and Models} + +\vspace{-0.5cm} +\begin{figure}%[h!] +\begin{columns}[c] + \column{.50\textwidth} +\includegraphics[scale=0.40]{Figures/ch6/pcm.jpg} +\footnotesize \\~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(a)\\ +\column{.50\textwidth} +$$\alpha = \arccos \left(\dfrac{Dist(u,v)}{2R_s} +\right).$$ +\includegraphics[scale=0.40]{Figures/ch6/twosensors.jpg} +\footnotesize \\~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(b) \\ +\end{columns} +\caption{(a) Perimeter coverage of sensor node 0 and (b) finding the arc of + $u$'s perimeter covered by $v$.} + \label{pcm2sensors} +\end{figure} +\end{frame} + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 46 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{\small PeCO Protocol $\blacktriangleright$ Assumptions and Models} + +\vspace{-0.5cm} +\begin{figure}%[h!] +\begin{columns}[c] + \column{.50\textwidth} +\includegraphics[scale=0.33]{Figures/ch6/expcm2.jpg} +\footnotesize \\~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(a)\\ +\column{.50\textwidth} +\includegraphics[scale=0.38]{Figures/tbl.jpeg} +\footnotesize \\~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(b) \\ +\end{columns} +\caption{(a) Maximum coverage levels for perimeter of sensor node $0$. and (b) Coverage intervals and contributing sensors for sensor node 0.} + \label{pcm2sensors} +\end{figure} + + +\end{frame} + + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 47 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{\small PeCO Protocol $\blacktriangleright$ PeCO Protocol Algorithm} +\vspace{-0.7cm} +%\includegraphics[height = 7.2cm]{Figures/algo6.jpeg} + +\begin{figure}[h!] +\centering + \includegraphics[height = 7.2cm]{Figures/Algo3.png} +\end{figure} +\end{frame} + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 48 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{\small PeCO Protocol $\blacktriangleright$ Perimeter-based Coverage Problem Formulation} +\vspace{-1.1cm} + +\begin{figure}[h!] +\centering +\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{Figures/ch6/formula6.png} +\end{figure} + +\end{frame} + + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{\small PeCO Protocol $\blacktriangleright$ Performance Evaluation and Analysis} +\vspace{-0.5cm} +\begin{figure}[h!] +\centering + \includegraphics[scale=0.5] {Figures/ch6/R/CR.eps} +\caption{Coverage ratio for 200 deployed nodes.} +\label{fig333} +\end{figure} + +\end{frame} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{\small PeCO Protocol $\blacktriangleright$ Performance Evaluation and Analysis} +\vspace{-0.5cm} +\begin{figure}[h!] +\centering +\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{Figures/ch6/R/ASR.eps} +\caption{Active sensors ratio for 200 deployed nodes.} +\label{fig444} +\end{figure} + +\end{frame} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{\small PeCO Protocol $\blacktriangleright$ Performance Evaluation and Analysis} +\vspace{-0.5cm} +\begin{figure}%[h!] +\begin{columns}[c] + \column{.50\textwidth} +\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{Figures/ch6/R/EC95.eps} +\footnotesize \\~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(a)\\ +\column{.50\textwidth} +\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{Figures/ch6/R/EC50.eps} +\footnotesize \\~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(b) \\ +\end{columns} +\caption{Energy consumption per period for (a)~$Lifetime_{95}$ and (b)~$Lifetime_{50}$.} + \label{fig3EC} +\end{figure} + + +\end{frame} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{\small PeCO Protocol $\blacktriangleright$ Performance Evaluation and Analysis} +\vspace{-0.5cm} +\begin{figure}%[h!] +\begin{columns}[c] + \column{.50\textwidth} +\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{Figures/ch6/R/LT95.eps} +\footnotesize \\~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(a)\\ +\column{.50\textwidth} +\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{Figures/ch6/R/LT50.eps} +\footnotesize \\~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(b) \\ +\end{columns} +\caption{Network Lifetime for (a)~$Lifetime_{95}$ and (b)~$Lifetime_{50}$.} + \label{fig3LT} +\end{figure} + +\end{frame} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%\begin{frame}{\small PeCO Protocol $\blacktriangleright$ Performance Evaluation and Analysis} +%\vspace{-0.5cm} +%\begin{figure} [h!] +%\centering \includegraphics[scale=0.5]{Figures/ch6/R/LTa.eps} +%\caption{Network lifetime for different coverage ratios.} +%\label{figLTALL} +%\end{figure} +%\end{frame} + + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\section{\small {Conclusion and Perspectives}} + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 50 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{Conclusion} +\begin{enumerate} [$\blacktriangleright$] + +\item Two-step approaches are proposed to optimize both coverage and lifetime performances, where: +\begin{itemize} +\item Sensing field is divided into smaller subregions using divide-and-conquer method. +\item One of the proposed optimization protocols is applied in each subregion in a distributed parallel way. +\end{itemize} +\item The proposed protocols (DiLCO, MuDiLCO, PeCO) combine two efficient mechanisms: +\begin{itemize} +\item Network leader election, and +\item Sensor activity scheduling based optimization. +\end{itemize} +\item Our protocols are periodic where each period consists of 4 +phases: +\begin{itemize} +\item Information exchange, +\item Network leader election, +\item Decision based optimization, and +\item Sensing. +\end{itemize} +\end{enumerate} + + + + +\end{frame} + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 51 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{Conclusion} +\begin{enumerate} [$\blacktriangleright$] + +\item DiLCO and PeCO provide a schedule for one round per period. +\item MuDiLCO provides a schedule for multiple rounds per period. +\item Comparison results show that DiLCO, MuDiLCO, and PeCO protocols: +\begin{itemize} + \item maintain the coverage for a larger number of rounds. + \item use less active nodes to save energy efficiently during sensing. + \item are more powerful against network disconnections. + \item perform the optimization with suitable execution times. + \item consume less energy. + \item prolong the network lifetime. + +\end{itemize} +\end{enumerate} +\end{frame} + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 52 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{Perspectives} +\begin{enumerate} [$\blacktriangleright$] +\item The optimal number of subregions will be investigated. +\item Design a heterogeneous integrated optimization protocol to integrate coverage, routing, and data aggregation protocols. +\item Extend PeCO protocol so that the schedules are planned for multiple +sensing periods. +\item We plan to consider particle swarm optimization or evolutionary algorithms to obtain quickly near optimal solutions. +\item Improve our mathematical models to take into account heterogeneous sensors from both energy and node characteristics point of views. +\item The cluster head will be selected in a distributed way and based on local information. +\end{enumerate} + + +\end{frame} + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 53 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%\begin{frame}{Mes perspectives} +% +%\end{frame} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% SLIDE 54 %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\begin{frame}{Fin} +\begin{center} +\huge +\textcolor{BleuFemto}{Thank You for Your Attention!}\\\vspace{2cm} +\textcolor{BleuFemto}{Questions?}\\ +\end{center} +\end{frame} +\end{document} +% _____ ___ _ _ +% | ___|_ _| \ | | +% | |_ | || \| | +% | _| | || |\ | +% |_| |___|_| \_| +% + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/SlidesAli/beamerthemefemto.sty b/SlidesAli/beamerthemefemto.sty new file mode 100644 index 0000000..84a4f45 --- /dev/null +++ b/SlidesAli/beamerthemefemto.sty @@ -0,0 +1,218 @@ +%------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +% LaTeX Beamer theme "femto" from the femto-st evaluation model (2011) JM Nicod and PC Heam (LIFC) +% +% author: Christophe Varnier et passage au ".sty" par G. Laurent +% Joel Abadie (12/06/2012) rajout de fonctionnalites tikzpicture +% Jean-Marc Nicod (logo + reglage pied de page) +%------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e} +\ProvidesPackage{beamerthemefemto}[2012/06/05 beamer theme femto package] +\RequirePackage{times} +\RequirePackage{tikz} +%------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +% _ _ _ _ +% ___| |_ _ _| | ___ ___| |_ ___ ___ _ _| | ___ _ _ _ __ ___ +% / __| __| | | | |/ _ \ / _ \ __| / __/ _ \| | | | |/ _ \ | | | '__/ __| +% \__ \ |_| |_| | | __/ | __/ |_ | (_| (_) | |_| | | __/ |_| | | \__ \ +% |___/\__|\__, |_|\___| \___|\__| \___\___/ \__,_|_|\___|\__,_|_| |___/ +% |___/ +% + +% commande permettant de dessiner une page de fond +% appel depuis le document par : \setbeamertemplate{background}{\titrefemto} +\newcommand{\titrefemto}{ +\begin{tikzpicture} + %definition du node centre au dimension de la page + \node[minimum height=\paperheight, minimum width=\paperwidth](centre) {}; + % placement des logos en bas à gauche + \matrix[above right=4mm, ampersand replacement=\&] at (centre.south west){ + \node[anchor=center]{\includegraphics[width=7mm]{logo-UFC.jpg}}; \& + \node[anchor=center]{\includegraphics[width=6mm]{logo-CNRS.jpg}}; \& + \node[anchor=center]{\includegraphics[width=13mm]{logo-ENSMM.jpg}}; \& + \node[anchor=center]{\includegraphics[width=12mm]{logo-UTBM.jpg}}; \\ + }; + %placement des logos en haut à droite + \node[below left, inner sep=0] at (centre.north east) {\includegraphics[width=5.5cm]{Hexagones.jpg}}; + %placement des logos en haut à gauche +% \node[below right=6mm] at (centre.north west) {\includegraphics[width=2.8cm]{Femto-logo_couleur-2012.png}}; + \node[below right=6mm] at (centre.north west) {\includegraphics[width=2.8cm]{logo-FEMTO.jpg}}; +\end{tikzpicture} +} + +% commande permettant de dessiner une page de fond +% appel depuis le document par : 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source file. +%% +%% Any modified versions of this file must be renamed +%% with new filenames distinct from stmaryrd.sty. +%% +%% For distribution of the original source see the terms +%% for copying and modification in the file stmaryrd.dtx. +%% +%% This generated file may be distributed as long as the +%% original source files, as listed above, are part of the +%% same distribution. (The sources need not necessarily be +%% in the same archive or directory.) +%% \CharacterTable +%% {Upper-case \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z +%% Lower-case \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z +%% Digits \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9 +%% Exclamation \! Double quote \" Hash (number) \# +%% Dollar \$ Percent \% Ampersand \& +%% Acute accent \' Left paren \( Right paren \) +%% Asterisk \* Plus \+ Comma \, +%% Minus \- Point \. Solidus \/ +%% Colon \: Semicolon \; Less than \< +%% Equals \= Greater than \> Question mark \? +%% Commercial at \@ Left bracket \[ Backslash \\ +%% Right bracket \] Circumflex \^ Underscore \_ +%% Grave accent \` Left brace \{ Vertical bar \| +%% Right brace \} Tilde \~} +\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e} +\ProvidesPackage{stmaryrd}[1994/03/03 St Mary's Road symbol package] +\def\stmry@if#1#2{\let#2=\@undefined\iftrue#1#2} +\DeclareOption{only}{\let\stmry@if=\stmry@only} +\def\stmry@only#1#2{\ifx#2\relax\let#2=\@undefined#1#2} +\newif\ifstmry@heavy@ +\stmry@heavy@false +\DeclareOption{heavycircles}{% + \stmry@option{varotimes}\stmry@option{varoast}% + \stmry@option{varobar}\stmry@option{varodot}% + \stmry@option{varoslash}\stmry@option{varobslash}% + \stmry@option{varocircle}\stmry@option{varoplus}% + \stmry@option{varominus}\stmry@option{varbigcirc}% + \stmry@heavy@true +} +\def\stmry@option#1{\expandafter\let\csname#1\endcsname\relax} +\DeclareOption*{\stmry@option\CurrentOption} +\DeclareOption{Mapsto}{% + \stmry@option{Mapsto}% + \stmry@option{Mapstochar}% +} +\DeclareOption{mapsfrom}{% + \stmry@option{mapsfrom}% + \stmry@option{mapsfromchar}% +} +\DeclareOption{Mapsfrom}{% + \stmry@option{Mapsfrom}% + \stmry@option{Mapsfromchar}% +} +\DeclareOption{longarrownot}{% + \stmry@option{longarrownot}% + \stmry@option{arrownot}% +} +\DeclareOption{Longarrownot}{% + \stmry@option{Longarrownot}% + \stmry@option{Arrownot}% +} +\DeclareOption{Longmapsto}{% + \stmry@option{Longmapsto}% + \stmry@option{Mapstochar}% +} +\DeclareOption{longmapsfrom}{% + \stmry@option{longmapsfrom}% + \stmry@option{mapsfromchar}% +} +\DeclareOption{Longmapsfrom}{% + \stmry@option{Longmapsfrom}% + \stmry@option{Mapsfromchar}% +} +\ProcessOptions +\DeclareSymbolFont{stmry}{U}{stmry}{m}{n} +\SetSymbolFont{stmry}{bold}{U}{stmry}{b}{n} +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\shortleftarrow\mathrel{stmry}{"00}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\shortrightarrow\mathrel{stmry}{"01}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\shortuparrow\mathrel{stmry}{"02}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\shortdownarrow\mathrel{stmry}{"03}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\Yup\mathbin{stmry}{"04}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\Ydown\mathbin{stmry}{"05}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\Yleft\mathbin{stmry}{"06}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\Yright\mathbin{stmry}{"07}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\varcurlyvee\mathbin{stmry}{"08}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\varcurlywedge\mathbin{stmry}{"09}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\minuso\mathbin{stmry}{"0A}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\baro\mathbin{stmry}{"0B}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\sslash\mathbin{stmry}{"0C}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\bbslash\mathbin{stmry}{"0D}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\moo\mathbin{stmry}{"0E}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\varotimes\mathbin{stmry}{"0F}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\varoast\mathbin{stmry}{"10}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\varobar\mathbin{stmry}{"11}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\varodot\mathbin{stmry}{"12}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\varoslash\mathbin{stmry}{"13}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\varobslash\mathbin{stmry}{"14}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\varocircle\mathbin{stmry}{"15}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\varoplus\mathbin{stmry}{"16}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\varominus\mathbin{stmry}{"17}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\boxast\mathbin{stmry}{"18}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\boxbar\mathbin{stmry}{"19}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\boxdot\mathbin{stmry}{"1A}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\boxslash\mathbin{stmry}{"1B}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\boxbslash\mathbin{stmry}{"1C}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\boxcircle\mathbin{stmry}{"1D}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\boxbox\mathbin{stmry}{"1E}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\boxempty\mathbin{stmry}{"1F}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\lightning\mathord{stmry}{"20}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\merge\mathbin{stmry}{"21}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\vartimes\mathbin{stmry}{"22}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\fatsemi\mathbin{stmry}{"23}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\sswarrow\mathrel{stmry}{"24}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\ssearrow\mathrel{stmry}{"25}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\curlywedgeuparrow\mathrel{stmry}{"26}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\curlywedgedownarrow\mathrel{stmry}{"27}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\fatslash\mathbin{stmry}{"28}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\fatbslash\mathbin{stmry}{"29}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\lbag\mathbin{stmry}{"2A}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\rbag\mathbin{stmry}{"2B}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\varbigcirc\mathbin{stmry}{"2C}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\leftrightarroweq\mathrel{stmry}{"2D}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\curlyveedownarrow\mathrel{stmry}{"2E}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\curlyveeuparrow\mathrel{stmry}{"2F}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\nnwarrow\mathrel{stmry}{"30}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\nnearrow\mathrel{stmry}{"31}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\leftslice\mathbin{stmry}{"32}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\rightslice\mathbin{stmry}{"33}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\varolessthan\mathbin{stmry}{"34}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\varogreaterthan\mathbin{stmry}{"35}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\varovee\mathbin{stmry}{"36}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\varowedge\mathbin{stmry}{"37}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\talloblong\mathbin{stmry}{"38}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\interleave\mathbin{stmry}{"39}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\obar\mathbin{stmry}{"3A}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\obslash\mathbin{stmry}{"3B}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\olessthan\mathbin{stmry}{"3C}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\ogreaterthan\mathbin{stmry}{"3D}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\ovee\mathbin{stmry}{"3E}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\owedge\mathbin{stmry}{"3F}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\oblong\mathbin{stmry}{"40}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\inplus\mathrel{stmry}{"41}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\niplus\mathrel{stmry}{"42}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\nplus\mathbin{stmry}{"43}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\subsetplus\mathrel{stmry}{"44}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\supsetplus\mathrel{stmry}{"45}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\subsetpluseq\mathrel{stmry}{"46}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\supsetpluseq\mathrel{stmry}{"47}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\Lbag\mathopen{stmry}{"48}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\Rbag\mathclose{stmry}{"49}\fi + +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\llparenthesis\mathopen{stmry}{"4C}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\rrparenthesis\mathclose{stmry}{"4D}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\binampersand\mathopen{stmry}{"4E}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\bindnasrepma\mathclose{stmry}{"4F}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\trianglelefteqslant\mathrel{stmry}{"50}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\trianglerighteqslant\mathrel{stmry}{"51}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\ntrianglelefteqslant\mathrel{stmry}{"52}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\ntrianglerighteqslant\mathrel{stmry}{"53}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\llfloor\mathopen{stmry}{"54}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\rrfloor\mathclose{stmry}{"55}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\llceil\mathopen{stmry}{"56}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\rrceil\mathclose{stmry}{"57}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\arrownot\mathrel{stmry}{"58}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\Arrownot\mathrel{stmry}{"59}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\Mapstochar\mathrel{stmry}{"5A}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\mapsfromchar\mathrel{stmry}{"5B}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\Mapsfromchar\mathrel{stmry}{"5C}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\leftrightarrowtriangle\mathbin{stmry}{"5D}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\leftarrowtriangle\mathrel{stmry}{"5E}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\rightarrowtriangle\mathrel{stmry}{"5F}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\bigtriangledown\mathop{stmry}{"60}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\bigtriangleup\mathop{stmry}{"61}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\bigcurlyvee\mathop{stmry}{"62}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\bigcurlywedge\mathop{stmry}{"63}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\bigsqcap\mathop{stmry}{"64}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\bigbox\mathop{stmry}{"65}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\bigparallel\mathop{stmry}{"66}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\biginterleave\mathop{stmry}{"67}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathSymbol\bignplus\mathop{stmry}{"70}\fi + +\stmry@if\DeclareMathDelimiter\llbracket{\mathopen}{stmry}{"4A} + {stmry}{"71}\fi +\stmry@if\DeclareMathDelimiter\rrbracket{\mathclose}{stmry}{"4B} + {stmry}{"79}\fi +\stmry@if\def\varcopyright + {{\ooalign{\hfil\raise.07ex\hbox{c}\hfil\crcr% + \mbox{$\m@th\varbigcirc$}}}}\fi +\stmry@if\def\longarrownot{\mathrel{\mkern5.5mu\arrownot\mkern-5.5mu}}\fi +\stmry@if\def\Longarrownot{\mathrel{\mkern5.5mu\Arrownot\mkern-5.5mu}}\fi +\stmry@if\def\Mapsto{\Mapstochar\Rightarrow}\fi +\stmry@if\def\mapsfrom{\leftarrow\mapsfromchar}\fi +\stmry@if\def\Mapsfrom{\Leftarrow\Mapsfromchar}\fi +\stmry@if\def\Longmapsto{\Mapstochar\Longrightarrow}\fi +\stmry@if\def\longmapsfrom{\longleftarrow\mapsfromchar}\fi +\stmry@if\def\Longmapsfrom{\Longleftarrow\Mapsfromchar}\fi +\ifstmry@heavy@ + \def\@swap#1#2{\let\@tempa#1\let#1#2\let#2\@tempa} + \@swap\varotimes\otimes + \@swap\varolessthan\olessthan + \@swap\varogreaterthan\ogreaterthan + \@swap\varovee\ovee + \@swap\varowedge\owedge + \@swap\varoast\oast + \@swap\varobar\obar + \@swap\varodot\odot + \@swap\varoslash\oslash + \@swap\varobslash\obslash + \@swap\varocircle\ocircle + \@swap\varoplus\oplus + \@swap\varominus\ominus + \@swap\varbigcirc\bigcirc + \@swap\varcopyright\copyright +\fi +\endinput +%% +%% End of file `stmaryrd.sty'. diff --git a/SlidesAli/these.odp b/SlidesAli/these.odp new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8ef2f2f Binary files /dev/null and b/SlidesAli/these.odp differ