From 2774431b06748549dc72817df7c157d9eab78de4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ali <ali@ali>
Date: Thu, 5 Dec 2013 17:41:34 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] The Last Update with ICN2014 Template
---
IEEEtran.bst | 4857 +++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------------
IEEEtran.cls | 13 +-
bare_conf.tex | 48 +-
3 files changed, 2466 insertions(+), 2452 deletions(-)
diff --git a/IEEEtran.bst b/IEEEtran.bst
index 90acb4c..1c7ceac 100644
--- a/IEEEtran.bst
+++ b/IEEEtran.bst
@@ -1,2425 +1,2432 @@
-%%
-%% IEEEtran.bst
-%% BibTeX Bibliography Style file for IEEE Journals and Conferences (unsorted)
-%% Version 1.13 (2008/09/30)
-%%
-%% Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Michael Shell
-%%
-%% Original starting code base and algorithms obtained from the output of
-%% Patrick W. Daly's makebst package as well as from prior versions of
-%% IEEE BibTeX styles:
-%%
-%% 1. Howard Trickey and Oren Patashnik's ieeetr.bst (1985/1988)
-%% 2. Silvano Balemi and Richard H. Roy's IEEEbib.bst (1993)
-%%
-%% Support sites:
-%% http://www.michaelshell.org/tex/ieeetran/
-%% http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/IEEEtran/
-%% and/or
-%% http://www.ieee.org/
-%%
-%% For use with BibTeX version 0.99a or later
-%%
-%% This is a numerical citation style.
-%%
-%%*************************************************************************
-%% Legal Notice:
-%% This code is offered as-is without any warranty either expressed or
-%% implied; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
-%% FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE!
-%% User assumes all risk.
-%% In no event shall IEEE or any contributor to this code be liable for
-%% any damages or losses, including, but not limited to, incidental,
-%% consequential, or any other damages, resulting from the use or misuse
-%% of any information contained here.
-%%
-%% All comments are the opinions of their respective authors and are not
-%% necessarily endorsed by the IEEE.
-%%
-%% This work is distributed under the LaTeX Project Public License (LPPL)
-%% ( http://www.latex-project.org/ ) version 1.3, and may be freely used,
-%% distributed and modified. A copy of the LPPL, version 1.3, is included
-%% in the base LaTeX documentation of all distributions of LaTeX released
-%% 2003/12/01 or later.
-%% Retain all contribution notices and credits.
-%% ** Modified files should be clearly indicated as such, including **
-%% ** renaming them and changing author support contact information. **
-%%
-%% File list of work: IEEEabrv.bib, IEEEfull.bib, IEEEexample.bib,
-%% IEEEtran.bst, IEEEtranS.bst, IEEEtranSA.bst,
-%% IEEEtranN.bst, IEEEtranSN.bst, IEEEtran_bst_HOWTO.pdf
-%%*************************************************************************
-%
-%
-% Changelog:
-%
-% 1.00 (2002/08/13) Initial release
-%
-% 1.10 (2002/09/27)
-% 1. Corrected minor bug for improperly formed warning message when a
-% book was not given a title. Thanks to Ming Kin Lai for reporting this.
-% 2. Added support for CTLname_format_string and CTLname_latex_cmd fields
-% in the BST control entry type.
-%
-% 1.11 (2003/04/02)
-% 1. Fixed bug with URLs containing underscores when using url.sty. Thanks
-% to Ming Kin Lai for reporting this.
-%
-% 1.12 (2007/01/11)
-% 1. Fixed bug with unwanted comma before "et al." when an entry contained
-% more than two author names. Thanks to Pallav Gupta for reporting this.
-% 2. Fixed bug with anomalous closing quote in tech reports that have a
-% type, but without a number or address. Thanks to Mehrdad Mirreza for
-% reporting this.
-% 3. Use braces in \providecommand in begin.bib to better support
-% latex2html. TeX style length assignments OK with recent versions
-% of latex2html - 1.71 (2002/2/1) or later is strongly recommended.
-% Use of the language field still causes trouble with latex2html.
-% Thanks to Federico Beffa for reporting this.
-% 4. Added IEEEtran.bst ID and version comment string to .bbl output.
-% 5. Provide a \BIBdecl hook that allows the user to execute commands
-% just prior to the first entry.
-% 6. Use default urlstyle (is using url.sty) of "same" rather than rm to
-% better work with a wider variety of bibliography styles.
-% 7. Changed month abbreviations from Sept., July and June to Sep., Jul.,
-% and Jun., respectively, as IEEE now does. Thanks to Moritz Borgmann
-% for reporting this.
-% 8. Control entry types should not be considered when calculating longest
-% label width.
-% 9. Added alias www for electronic/online.
-% 10. Added CTLname_url_prefix control entry type.
-%
-% 1.13 (2008/09/30)
-% 1. Fixed bug with edition number to ordinal conversion. Thanks to
-% Michael Roland for reporting this and correcting the algorithm.
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% DEFAULTS FOR THE CONTROLS OF THE BST STYLE %%
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-% These are the defaults for the user adjustable controls. The values used
-% here can be overridden by the user via IEEEtranBSTCTL entry type.
-
-% NOTE: The recommended LaTeX command to invoke a control entry type is:
-%
-%\makeatletter
-%\def\bstctlcite{\@ifnextchar[{\@bstctlcite}{\@bstctlcite[@auxout]}}
-%\def\@bstctlcite[#1]#2{\@bsphack
-% \@for\@citeb:=#2\do{%
-% \edef\@citeb{\expandafter\@firstofone\@citeb}%
-% \if@filesw\immediate\write\csname #1\endcsname{\string\citation{\@citeb}}\fi}%
-% \@esphack}
-%\makeatother
-%
-% It is called at the start of the document, before the first \cite, like:
-% \bstctlcite{IEEEexample:BSTcontrol}
-%
-% IEEEtran.cls V1.6 and later does provide this command.
-
-
-
-% #0 turns off the display of the number for articles.
-% #1 enables
-FUNCTION {default.is.use.number.for.article} { #1 }
-
-
-% #0 turns off the display of the paper and type fields in @inproceedings.
-% #1 enables
-FUNCTION {default.is.use.paper} { #1 }
-
-
-% #0 turns off the forced use of "et al."
-% #1 enables
-FUNCTION {default.is.forced.et.al} { #0 }
-
-% The maximum number of names that can be present beyond which an "et al."
-% usage is forced. Be sure that num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al (below)
-% is not greater than this value!
-% Note: There are many instances of references in IEEE journals which have
-% a very large number of authors as well as instances in which "et al." is
-% used profusely.
-FUNCTION {default.max.num.names.before.forced.et.al} { #10 }
-
-% The number of names that will be shown with a forced "et al.".
-% Must be less than or equal to max.num.names.before.forced.et.al
-FUNCTION {default.num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al} { #1 }
-
-
-% #0 turns off the alternate interword spacing for entries with URLs.
-% #1 enables
-FUNCTION {default.is.use.alt.interword.spacing} { #1 }
-
-% If alternate interword spacing for entries with URLs is enabled, this is
-% the interword spacing stretch factor that will be used. For example, the
-% default "4" here means that the interword spacing in entries with URLs can
-% stretch to four times normal. Does not have to be an integer. Note that
-% the value specified here can be overridden by the user in their LaTeX
-% code via a command such as:
-% "\providecommand\BIBentryALTinterwordstretchfactor{1.5}" in addition to
-% that via the IEEEtranBSTCTL entry type.
-FUNCTION {default.ALTinterwordstretchfactor} { "4" }
-
-
-% #0 turns off the "dashification" of repeated (i.e., identical to those
-% of the previous entry) names. IEEE normally does this.
-% #1 enables
-FUNCTION {default.is.dash.repeated.names} { #1 }
-
-
-% The default name format control string.
-FUNCTION {default.name.format.string}{ "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" }
-
-
-% The default LaTeX font command for the names.
-FUNCTION {default.name.latex.cmd}{ "" }
-
-
-% The default URL prefix.
-FUNCTION {default.name.url.prefix}{ "[Online]. Available:" }
-
-
-% Other controls that cannot be accessed via IEEEtranBSTCTL entry type.
-
-% #0 turns off the terminal startup banner/completed message so as to
-% operate more quietly.
-% #1 enables
-FUNCTION {is.print.banners.to.terminal} { #1 }
-
-
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% FILE VERSION AND BANNER %%
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-FUNCTION{bst.file.version} { "1.13" }
-FUNCTION{bst.file.date} { "2008/09/30" }
-FUNCTION{bst.file.website} { "http://www.michaelshell.org/tex/ieeetran/bibtex/" }
-
-FUNCTION {banner.message}
-{ is.print.banners.to.terminal
- { "-- IEEEtran.bst version" " " * bst.file.version *
- " (" * bst.file.date * ") " * "by Michael Shell." *
- top$
- "-- " bst.file.website *
- top$
- "-- See the " quote$ * "IEEEtran_bst_HOWTO.pdf" * quote$ * " manual for usage information." *
- top$
- }
- { skip$ }
- if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION {completed.message}
-{ is.print.banners.to.terminal
- { ""
- top$
- "Done."
- top$
- }
- { skip$ }
- if$
-}
-
-
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% STRING CONSTANTS %%
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-FUNCTION {bbl.and}{ "and" }
-FUNCTION {bbl.etal}{ "et~al." }
-FUNCTION {bbl.editors}{ "eds." }
-FUNCTION {bbl.editor}{ "ed." }
-FUNCTION {bbl.edition}{ "ed." }
-FUNCTION {bbl.volume}{ "vol." }
-FUNCTION {bbl.of}{ "of" }
-FUNCTION {bbl.number}{ "no." }
-FUNCTION {bbl.in}{ "in" }
-FUNCTION {bbl.pages}{ "pp." }
-FUNCTION {bbl.page}{ "p." }
-FUNCTION {bbl.chapter}{ "ch." }
-FUNCTION {bbl.paper}{ "paper" }
-FUNCTION {bbl.part}{ "pt." }
-FUNCTION {bbl.patent}{ "Patent" }
-FUNCTION {bbl.patentUS}{ "U.S." }
-FUNCTION {bbl.revision}{ "Rev." }
-FUNCTION {bbl.series}{ "ser." }
-FUNCTION {bbl.standard}{ "Std." }
-FUNCTION {bbl.techrep}{ "Tech. Rep." }
-FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis}{ "Master's thesis" }
-FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis}{ "Ph.D. dissertation" }
-FUNCTION {bbl.st}{ "st" }
-FUNCTION {bbl.nd}{ "nd" }
-FUNCTION {bbl.rd}{ "rd" }
-FUNCTION {bbl.th}{ "th" }
-
-
-% This is the LaTeX spacer that is used when a larger than normal space
-% is called for (such as just before the address:publisher).
-FUNCTION {large.space} { "\hskip 1em plus 0.5em minus 0.4em\relax " }
-
-% The LaTeX code for dashes that are used to represent repeated names.
-% Note: Some older IEEE journals used something like
-% "\rule{0.275in}{0.5pt}\," which is fairly thick and runs right along
-% the baseline. However, IEEE now uses a thinner, above baseline,
-% six dash long sequence.
-FUNCTION {repeated.name.dashes} { "------" }
-
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% PREDEFINED STRING MACROS %%
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}
-MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}
-MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}
-MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}
-MACRO {may} {"May"}
-MACRO {jun} {"Jun."}
-MACRO {jul} {"Jul."}
-MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}
-MACRO {sep} {"Sep."}
-MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}
-MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}
-MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}
-
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% ENTRY FIELDS %%
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-ENTRY
- { address
- assignee
- author
- booktitle
- chapter
- day
- dayfiled
- edition
- editor
- howpublished
- institution
- intype
- journal
- key
- language
- month
- monthfiled
- nationality
- note
- number
- organization
- pages
- paper
- publisher
- school
- series
- revision
- title
- type
- url
- volume
- year
- yearfiled
- CTLuse_article_number
- CTLuse_paper
- CTLuse_forced_etal
- CTLmax_names_forced_etal
- CTLnames_show_etal
- CTLuse_alt_spacing
- CTLalt_stretch_factor
- CTLdash_repeated_names
- CTLname_format_string
- CTLname_latex_cmd
- CTLname_url_prefix
- }
- {}
- { label }
-
-
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% INTEGER VARIABLES %%
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-INTEGERS { prev.status.punct this.status.punct punct.std
- punct.no punct.comma punct.period
- prev.status.space this.status.space space.std
- space.no space.normal space.large
- prev.status.quote this.status.quote quote.std
- quote.no quote.close
- prev.status.nline this.status.nline nline.std
- nline.no nline.newblock
- status.cap cap.std
- cap.no cap.yes}
-
-INTEGERS { longest.label.width multiresult nameptr namesleft number.label numnames }
-
-INTEGERS { is.use.number.for.article
- is.use.paper
- is.forced.et.al
- max.num.names.before.forced.et.al
- num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al
- is.use.alt.interword.spacing
- is.dash.repeated.names}
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% STRING VARIABLES %%
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-STRINGS { bibinfo
- longest.label
- oldname
- s
- t
- ALTinterwordstretchfactor
- name.format.string
- name.latex.cmd
- name.url.prefix}
-
-
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% LOW LEVEL FUNCTIONS %%
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-FUNCTION {initialize.controls}
-{ default.is.use.number.for.article 'is.use.number.for.article :=
- default.is.use.paper 'is.use.paper :=
- default.is.forced.et.al 'is.forced.et.al :=
- default.max.num.names.before.forced.et.al 'max.num.names.before.forced.et.al :=
- default.num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al 'num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al :=
- default.is.use.alt.interword.spacing 'is.use.alt.interword.spacing :=
- default.is.dash.repeated.names 'is.dash.repeated.names :=
- default.ALTinterwordstretchfactor 'ALTinterwordstretchfactor :=
- default.name.format.string 'name.format.string :=
- default.name.latex.cmd 'name.latex.cmd :=
- default.name.url.prefix 'name.url.prefix :=
-}
-
-
-% This IEEEtran.bst features a very powerful and flexible mechanism for
-% controlling the capitalization, punctuation, spacing, quotation, and
-% newlines of the formatted entry fields. (Note: IEEEtran.bst does not need
-% or use the newline/newblock feature, but it has been implemented for
-% possible future use.) The output states of IEEEtran.bst consist of
-% multiple independent attributes and, as such, can be thought of as being
-% vectors, rather than the simple scalar values ("before.all",
-% "mid.sentence", etc.) used in most other .bst files.
-%
-% The more flexible and complex design used here was motivated in part by
-% IEEE's rather unusual bibliography style. For example, IEEE ends the
-% previous field item with a period and large space prior to the publisher
-% address; the @electronic entry types use periods as inter-item punctuation
-% rather than the commas used by the other entry types; and URLs are never
-% followed by periods even though they are the last item in the entry.
-% Although it is possible to accommodate these features with the conventional
-% output state system, the seemingly endless exceptions make for convoluted,
-% unreliable and difficult to maintain code.
-%
-% IEEEtran.bst's output state system can be easily understood via a simple
-% illustration of two most recently formatted entry fields (on the stack):
-%
-% CURRENT_ITEM
-% "PREVIOUS_ITEM
-%
-% which, in this example, is to eventually appear in the bibliography as:
-%
-% "PREVIOUS_ITEM," CURRENT_ITEM
-%
-% It is the job of the output routine to take the previous item off of the
-% stack (while leaving the current item at the top of the stack), apply its
-% trailing punctuation (including closing quote marks) and spacing, and then
-% to write the result to BibTeX's output buffer:
-%
-% "PREVIOUS_ITEM,"
-%
-% Punctuation (and spacing) between items is often determined by both of the
-% items rather than just the first one. The presence of quotation marks
-% further complicates the situation because, in standard English, trailing
-% punctuation marks are supposed to be contained within the quotes.
-%
-% IEEEtran.bst maintains two output state (aka "status") vectors which
-% correspond to the previous and current (aka "this") items. Each vector
-% consists of several independent attributes which track punctuation,
-% spacing, quotation, and newlines. Capitalization status is handled by a
-% separate scalar because the format routines, not the output routine,
-% handle capitalization and, therefore, there is no need to maintain the
-% capitalization attribute for both the "previous" and "this" items.
-%
-% When a format routine adds a new item, it copies the current output status
-% vector to the previous output status vector and (usually) resets the
-% current (this) output status vector to a "standard status" vector. Using a
-% "standard status" vector in this way allows us to redefine what we mean by
-% "standard status" at the start of each entry handler and reuse the same
-% format routines under the various inter-item separation schemes. For
-% example, the standard status vector for the @book entry type may use
-% commas for item separators, while the @electronic type may use periods,
-% yet both entry handlers exploit many of the exact same format routines.
-%
-% Because format routines have write access to the output status vector of
-% the previous item, they can override the punctuation choices of the
-% previous format routine! Therefore, it becomes trivial to implement rules
-% such as "Always use a period and a large space before the publisher." By
-% pushing the generation of the closing quote mark to the output routine, we
-% avoid all the problems caused by having to close a quote before having all
-% the information required to determine what the punctuation should be.
-%
-% The IEEEtran.bst output state system can easily be expanded if needed.
-% For instance, it is easy to add a "space.tie" attribute value if the
-% bibliography rules mandate that two items have to be joined with an
-% unbreakable space.
-
-FUNCTION {initialize.status.constants}
-{ #0 'punct.no :=
- #1 'punct.comma :=
- #2 'punct.period :=
- #0 'space.no :=
- #1 'space.normal :=
- #2 'space.large :=
- #0 'quote.no :=
- #1 'quote.close :=
- #0 'cap.no :=
- #1 'cap.yes :=
- #0 'nline.no :=
- #1 'nline.newblock :=
-}
-
-FUNCTION {std.status.using.comma}
-{ punct.comma 'punct.std :=
- space.normal 'space.std :=
- quote.no 'quote.std :=
- nline.no 'nline.std :=
- cap.no 'cap.std :=
-}
-
-FUNCTION {std.status.using.period}
-{ punct.period 'punct.std :=
- space.normal 'space.std :=
- quote.no 'quote.std :=
- nline.no 'nline.std :=
- cap.yes 'cap.std :=
-}
-
-FUNCTION {initialize.prev.this.status}
-{ punct.no 'prev.status.punct :=
- space.no 'prev.status.space :=
- quote.no 'prev.status.quote :=
- nline.no 'prev.status.nline :=
- punct.no 'this.status.punct :=
- space.no 'this.status.space :=
- quote.no 'this.status.quote :=
- nline.no 'this.status.nline :=
- cap.yes 'status.cap :=
-}
-
-FUNCTION {this.status.std}
-{ punct.std 'this.status.punct :=
- space.std 'this.status.space :=
- quote.std 'this.status.quote :=
- nline.std 'this.status.nline :=
-}
-
-FUNCTION {cap.status.std}{ cap.std 'status.cap := }
-
-FUNCTION {this.to.prev.status}
-{ this.status.punct 'prev.status.punct :=
- this.status.space 'prev.status.space :=
- this.status.quote 'prev.status.quote :=
- this.status.nline 'prev.status.nline :=
-}
-
-
-FUNCTION {not}
-{ { #0 }
- { #1 }
- if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION {and}
-{ { skip$ }
- { pop$ #0 }
- if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION {or}
-{ { pop$ #1 }
- { skip$ }
- if$
-}
-
-
-% convert the strings "yes" or "no" to #1 or #0 respectively
-FUNCTION {yes.no.to.int}
-{ "l" change.case$ duplicate$
- "yes" =
- { pop$ #1 }
- { duplicate$ "no" =
- { pop$ #0 }
- { "unknown boolean " quote$ * swap$ * quote$ *
- " in " * cite$ * warning$
- #0
- }
- if$
- }
- if$
-}
-
-
-% pushes true if the single char string on the stack is in the
-% range of "0" to "9"
-FUNCTION {is.num}
-{ chr.to.int$
- duplicate$ "0" chr.to.int$ < not
- swap$ "9" chr.to.int$ > not and
-}
-
-% multiplies the integer on the stack by a factor of 10
-FUNCTION {bump.int.mag}
-{ #0 'multiresult :=
- { duplicate$ #0 > }
- { #1 -
- multiresult #10 +
- 'multiresult :=
- }
- while$
-pop$
-multiresult
-}
-
-% converts a single character string on the stack to an integer
-FUNCTION {char.to.integer}
-{ duplicate$
- is.num
- { chr.to.int$ "0" chr.to.int$ - }
- {"noninteger character " quote$ * swap$ * quote$ *
- " in integer field of " * cite$ * warning$
- #0
- }
- if$
-}
-
-% converts a string on the stack to an integer
-FUNCTION {string.to.integer}
-{ duplicate$ text.length$ 'namesleft :=
- #1 'nameptr :=
- #0 'numnames :=
- { nameptr namesleft > not }
- { duplicate$ nameptr #1 substring$
- char.to.integer numnames bump.int.mag +
- 'numnames :=
- nameptr #1 +
- 'nameptr :=
- }
- while$
-pop$
-numnames
-}
-
-
-
-
-% The output routines write out the *next* to the top (previous) item on the
-% stack, adding punctuation and such as needed. Since IEEEtran.bst maintains
-% the output status for the top two items on the stack, these output
-% routines have to consider the previous output status (which corresponds to
-% the item that is being output). Full independent control of punctuation,
-% closing quote marks, spacing, and newblock is provided.
-%
-% "output.nonnull" does not check for the presence of a previous empty
-% item.
-%
-% "output" does check for the presence of a previous empty item and will
-% remove an empty item rather than outputing it.
-%
-% "output.warn" is like "output", but will issue a warning if it detects
-% an empty item.
-
-FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
-{ swap$
- prev.status.punct punct.comma =
- { "," * }
- { skip$ }
- if$
- prev.status.punct punct.period =
- { add.period$ }
- { skip$ }
- if$
- prev.status.quote quote.close =
- { "''" * }
- { skip$ }
- if$
- prev.status.space space.normal =
- { " " * }
- { skip$ }
- if$
- prev.status.space space.large =
- { large.space * }
- { skip$ }
- if$
- write$
- prev.status.nline nline.newblock =
- { newline$ "\newblock " write$ }
- { skip$ }
- if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION {output}
-{ duplicate$ empty$
- 'pop$
- 'output.nonnull
- if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION {output.warn}
-{ 't :=
- duplicate$ empty$
- { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
- 'output.nonnull
- if$
-}
-
-% "fin.entry" is the output routine that handles the last item of the entry
-% (which will be on the top of the stack when "fin.entry" is called).
-
-FUNCTION {fin.entry}
-{ this.status.punct punct.no =
- { skip$ }
- { add.period$ }
- if$
- this.status.quote quote.close =
- { "''" * }
- { skip$ }
- if$
-write$
-newline$
-}
-
-
-FUNCTION {is.last.char.not.punct}
-{ duplicate$
- "}" * add.period$
- #-1 #1 substring$ "." =
-}
-
-FUNCTION {is.multiple.pages}
-{ 't :=
- #0 'multiresult :=
- { multiresult not
- t empty$ not
- and
- }
- { t #1 #1 substring$
- duplicate$ "-" =
- swap$ duplicate$ "," =
- swap$ "+" =
- or or
- { #1 'multiresult := }
- { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
- if$
- }
- while$
- multiresult
-}
-
-FUNCTION {capitalize}{ "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$ }
-
-FUNCTION {emphasize}
-{ duplicate$ empty$
- { pop$ "" }
- { "\emph{" swap$ * "}" * }
- if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION {do.name.latex.cmd}
-{ name.latex.cmd
- empty$
- { skip$ }
- { name.latex.cmd "{" * swap$ * "}" * }
- if$
-}
-
-% IEEEtran.bst uses its own \BIBforeignlanguage command which directly
-% invokes the TeX hyphenation patterns without the need of the Babel
-% package. Babel does a lot more than switch hyphenation patterns and
-% its loading can cause unintended effects in many class files (such as
-% IEEEtran.cls).
-FUNCTION {select.language}
-{ duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
- { language empty$ 'skip$
- { "\BIBforeignlanguage{" language * "}{" * swap$ * "}" * }
- if$
- }
- if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION {tie.or.space.prefix}
-{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
- { "~" }
- { " " }
- if$
- swap$
-}
-
-FUNCTION {get.bbl.editor}
-{ editor num.names$ #1 > 'bbl.editors 'bbl.editor if$ }
-
-FUNCTION {space.word}{ " " swap$ * " " * }
-
-
-% Field Conditioners, Converters, Checkers and External Interfaces
-
-FUNCTION {empty.field.to.null.string}
-{ duplicate$ empty$
- { pop$ "" }
- { skip$ }
- if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION {either.or.check}
-{ empty$
- { pop$ }
- { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
- if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION {empty.entry.warn}
-{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$
- month empty$ year empty$ note empty$ url empty$
- and and and and and and
- { "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }
- 'skip$
- if$
-}
-
-
-% The bibinfo system provides a way for the electronic parsing/acquisition
-% of a bibliography's contents as is done by ReVTeX. For example, a field
-% could be entered into the bibliography as:
-% \bibinfo{volume}{2}
-% Only the "2" would show up in the document, but the LaTeX \bibinfo command
-% could do additional things with the information. IEEEtran.bst does provide
-% a \bibinfo command via "\providecommand{\bibinfo}[2]{#2}". However, it is
-% currently not used as the bogus bibinfo functions defined here output the
-% entry values directly without the \bibinfo wrapper. The bibinfo functions
-% themselves (and the calls to them) are retained for possible future use.
-%
-% bibinfo.check avoids acting on missing fields while bibinfo.warn will
-% issue a warning message if a missing field is detected. Prior to calling
-% the bibinfo functions, the user should push the field value and then its
-% name string, in that order.
-
-FUNCTION {bibinfo.check}
-{ swap$ duplicate$ missing$
- { pop$ pop$ "" }
- { duplicate$ empty$
- { swap$ pop$ }
- { swap$ pop$ }
- if$
- }
- if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION {bibinfo.warn}
-{ swap$ duplicate$ missing$
- { swap$ "missing " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ pop$ "" }
- { duplicate$ empty$
- { swap$ "empty " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
- { swap$ pop$ }
- if$
- }
- if$
-}
-
-
-% IEEE separates large numbers with more than 4 digits into groups of
-% three. IEEE uses a small space to separate these number groups.
-% Typical applications include patent and page numbers.
-
-% number of consecutive digits required to trigger the group separation.
-FUNCTION {large.number.trigger}{ #5 }
-
-% For numbers longer than the trigger, this is the blocksize of the groups.
-% The blocksize must be less than the trigger threshold, and 2 * blocksize
-% must be greater than the trigger threshold (can't do more than one
-% separation on the initial trigger).
-FUNCTION {large.number.blocksize}{ #3 }
-
-% What is actually inserted between the number groups.
-FUNCTION {large.number.separator}{ "\," }
-
-% So as to save on integer variables by reusing existing ones, numnames
-% holds the current number of consecutive digits read and nameptr holds
-% the number that will trigger an inserted space.
-FUNCTION {large.number.separate}
-{ 't :=
- ""
- #0 'numnames :=
- large.number.trigger 'nameptr :=
- { t empty$ not }
- { t #-1 #1 substring$ is.num
- { numnames #1 + 'numnames := }
- { #0 'numnames :=
- large.number.trigger 'nameptr :=
- }
- if$
- t #-1 #1 substring$ swap$ *
- t #-2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
- numnames nameptr =
- { duplicate$ #1 nameptr large.number.blocksize - substring$ swap$
- nameptr large.number.blocksize - #1 + global.max$ substring$
- large.number.separator swap$ * *
- nameptr large.number.blocksize - 'numnames :=
- large.number.blocksize #1 + 'nameptr :=
- }
- { skip$ }
- if$
- }
- while$
-}
-
-% Converts all single dashes "-" to double dashes "--".
-FUNCTION {n.dashify}
-{ large.number.separate
- 't :=
- ""
- { t empty$ not }
- { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
- { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
- { "--" *
- t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
- }
- { { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
- { "-" *
- t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
- }
- while$
- }
- if$
- }
- { t #1 #1 substring$ *
- t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
- }
- if$
- }
- while$
-}
-
-
-% This function detects entries with names that are identical to that of
-% the previous entry and replaces the repeated names with dashes (if the
-% "is.dash.repeated.names" user control is nonzero).
-FUNCTION {name.or.dash}
-{ 's :=
- oldname empty$
- { s 'oldname := s }
- { s oldname =
- { is.dash.repeated.names
- { repeated.name.dashes }
- { s 'oldname := s }
- if$
- }
- { s 'oldname := s }
- if$
- }
- if$
-}
-
-% Converts the number string on the top of the stack to
-% "numerical ordinal form" (e.g., "7" to "7th"). There is
-% no artificial limit to the upper bound of the numbers as the
-% two least significant digits determine the ordinal form.
-FUNCTION {num.to.ordinal}
-{ duplicate$ #-2 #1 substring$ "1" =
- { bbl.th * }
- { duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$ "1" =
- { bbl.st * }
- { duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$ "2" =
- { bbl.nd * }
- { duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$ "3" =
- { bbl.rd * }
- { bbl.th * }
- if$
- }
- if$
- }
- if$
- }
- if$
-}
-
-% If the string on the top of the stack begins with a number,
-% (e.g., 11th) then replace the string with the leading number
-% it contains. Otherwise retain the string as-is. s holds the
-% extracted number, t holds the part of the string that remains
-% to be scanned.
-FUNCTION {extract.num}
-{ duplicate$ 't :=
- "" 's :=
- { t empty$ not }
- { t #1 #1 substring$
- t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
- duplicate$ is.num
- { s swap$ * 's := }
- { pop$ "" 't := }
- if$
- }
- while$
- s empty$
- 'skip$
- { pop$ s }
- if$
-}
-
-% Converts the word number string on the top of the stack to
-% Arabic string form. Will be successful up to "tenth".
-FUNCTION {word.to.num}
-{ duplicate$ "l" change.case$ 's :=
- s "first" =
- { pop$ "1" }
- { skip$ }
- if$
- s "second" =
- { pop$ "2" }
- { skip$ }
- if$
- s "third" =
- { pop$ "3" }
- { skip$ }
- if$
- s "fourth" =
- { pop$ "4" }
- { skip$ }
- if$
- s "fifth" =
- { pop$ "5" }
- { skip$ }
- if$
- s "sixth" =
- { pop$ "6" }
- { skip$ }
- if$
- s "seventh" =
- { pop$ "7" }
- { skip$ }
- if$
- s "eighth" =
- { pop$ "8" }
- { skip$ }
- if$
- s "ninth" =
- { pop$ "9" }
- { skip$ }
- if$
- s "tenth" =
- { pop$ "10" }
- { skip$ }
- if$
-}
-
-
-% Converts the string on the top of the stack to numerical
-% ordinal (e.g., "11th") form.
-FUNCTION {convert.edition}
-{ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
- { duplicate$ #1 #1 substring$ is.num
- { extract.num
- num.to.ordinal
- }
- { word.to.num
- duplicate$ #1 #1 substring$ is.num
- { num.to.ordinal }
- { "edition ordinal word " quote$ * edition * quote$ *
- " may be too high (or improper) for conversion" * " in " * cite$ * warning$
- }
- if$
- }
- if$
- }
- if$
-}
-
-
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% LATEX BIBLIOGRAPHY CODE %%
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-FUNCTION {start.entry}
-{ newline$
- "\bibitem{" write$
- cite$ write$
- "}" write$
- newline$
- ""
- initialize.prev.this.status
-}
-
-% Here we write out all the LaTeX code that we will need. The most involved
-% code sequences are those that control the alternate interword spacing and
-% foreign language hyphenation patterns. The heavy use of \providecommand
-% gives users a way to override the defaults. Special thanks to Javier Bezos,
-% Johannes Braams, Robin Fairbairns, Heiko Oberdiek, Donald Arseneau and all
-% the other gurus on comp.text.tex for their help and advice on the topic of
-% \selectlanguage, Babel and BibTeX.
-FUNCTION {begin.bib}
-{ "% Generated by IEEEtran.bst, version: " bst.file.version * " (" * bst.file.date * ")" *
- write$ newline$
- preamble$ empty$ 'skip$
- { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
- if$
- "\begin{thebibliography}{" longest.label * "}" *
- write$ newline$
- "\providecommand{\url}[1]{#1}"
- write$ newline$
- "\csname url@samestyle\endcsname"
- write$ newline$
- "\providecommand{\newblock}{\relax}"
- write$ newline$
- "\providecommand{\bibinfo}[2]{#2}"
- write$ newline$
- "\providecommand{\BIBentrySTDinterwordspacing}{\spaceskip=0pt\relax}"
- write$ newline$
- "\providecommand{\BIBentryALTinterwordstretchfactor}{"
- ALTinterwordstretchfactor * "}" *
- write$ newline$
- "\providecommand{\BIBentryALTinterwordspacing}{\spaceskip=\fontdimen2\font plus "
- write$ newline$
- "\BIBentryALTinterwordstretchfactor\fontdimen3\font minus \fontdimen4\font\relax}"
- write$ newline$
- "\providecommand{\BIBforeignlanguage}[2]{{%"
- write$ newline$
- "\expandafter\ifx\csname l@#1\endcsname\relax"
- write$ newline$
- "\typeout{** WARNING: IEEEtran.bst: No hyphenation pattern has been}%"
- write$ newline$
- "\typeout{** loaded for the language `#1'. Using the pattern for}%"
- write$ newline$
- "\typeout{** the default language instead.}%"
- write$ newline$
- "\else"
- write$ newline$
- "\language=\csname l@#1\endcsname"
- write$ newline$
- "\fi"
- write$ newline$
- "#2}}"
- write$ newline$
- "\providecommand{\BIBdecl}{\relax}"
- write$ newline$
- "\BIBdecl"
- write$ newline$
-}
-
-FUNCTION {end.bib}
-{ newline$ "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$ }
-
-FUNCTION {if.url.alt.interword.spacing}
-{ is.use.alt.interword.spacing
- {url empty$ 'skip$ {"\BIBentryALTinterwordspacing" write$ newline$} if$}
- { skip$ }
- if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION {if.url.std.interword.spacing}
-{ is.use.alt.interword.spacing
- {url empty$ 'skip$ {"\BIBentrySTDinterwordspacing" write$ newline$} if$}
- { skip$ }
- if$
-}
-
-
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% LONGEST LABEL PASS %%
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label}
-{ "" 'longest.label :=
- #1 'number.label :=
- #0 'longest.label.width :=
-}
-
-FUNCTION {longest.label.pass}
-{ type$ "ieeetranbstctl" =
- { skip$ }
- { number.label int.to.str$ 'label :=
- number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
- label width$ longest.label.width >
- { label 'longest.label :=
- label width$ 'longest.label.width :=
- }
- { skip$ }
- if$
- }
- if$
-}
-
-
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% FORMAT HANDLERS %%
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-%% Lower Level Formats (used by higher level formats)
-
-FUNCTION {format.address.org.or.pub.date}
-{ 't :=
- ""
- year empty$
- { "empty year in " cite$ * warning$ }
- { skip$ }
- if$
- address empty$ t empty$ and
- year empty$ and month empty$ and
- { skip$ }
- { this.to.prev.status
- this.status.std
- cap.status.std
- address "address" bibinfo.check *
- t empty$
- { skip$ }
- { punct.period 'prev.status.punct :=
- space.large 'prev.status.space :=
- address empty$
- { skip$ }
- { ": " * }
- if$
- t *
- }
- if$
- year empty$ month empty$ and
- { skip$ }
- { t empty$ address empty$ and
- { skip$ }
- { ", " * }
- if$
- month empty$
- { year empty$
- { skip$ }
- { year "year" bibinfo.check * }
- if$
- }
- { month "month" bibinfo.check *
- year empty$
- { skip$ }
- { " " * year "year" bibinfo.check * }
- if$
- }
- if$
- }
- if$
- }
- if$
-}
-
-
-FUNCTION {format.names}
-{ 'bibinfo :=
- duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ {
- this.to.prev.status
- this.status.std
- 's :=
- "" 't :=
- #1 'nameptr :=
- s num.names$ 'numnames :=
- numnames 'namesleft :=
- { namesleft #0 > }
- { s nameptr
- name.format.string
- format.name$
- bibinfo bibinfo.check
- 't :=
- nameptr #1 >
- { nameptr num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al #1 + =
- numnames max.num.names.before.forced.et.al >
- is.forced.et.al and and
- { "others" 't :=
- #1 'namesleft :=
- }
- { skip$ }
- if$
- namesleft #1 >
- { ", " * t do.name.latex.cmd * }
- { s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
- { 't := }
- { pop$ }
- if$
- t "others" =
- { " " * bbl.etal emphasize * }
- { numnames #2 >
- { "," * }
- { skip$ }
- if$
- bbl.and
- space.word * t do.name.latex.cmd *
- }
- if$
- }
- if$
- }
- { t do.name.latex.cmd }
- if$
- nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
- namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
- }
- while$
- cap.status.std
- } if$
-}
-
-
-
-
-%% Higher Level Formats
-
-%% addresses/locations
-
-FUNCTION {format.address}
-{ address duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
- { this.to.prev.status
- this.status.std
- cap.status.std
- }
- if$
-}
-
-
-
-%% author/editor names
-
-FUNCTION {format.authors}{ author "author" format.names }
-
-FUNCTION {format.editors}
-{ editor "editor" format.names duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
- { ", " *
- get.bbl.editor
- capitalize
- *
- }
- if$
-}
-
-
-
-%% date
-
-FUNCTION {format.date}
-{
- month "month" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
- year "year" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
- { swap$ 'skip$
- { this.to.prev.status
- this.status.std
- cap.status.std
- "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$ }
- if$
- *
- }
- { this.to.prev.status
- this.status.std
- cap.status.std
- swap$ 'skip$
- {
- swap$
- " " * swap$
- }
- if$
- *
- }
- if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION {format.date.electronic}
-{ month "month" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
- year "year" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
- { swap$
- { pop$ }
- { "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$
- pop$ ")" * "(" swap$ *
- this.to.prev.status
- punct.no 'this.status.punct :=
- space.normal 'this.status.space :=
- quote.no 'this.status.quote :=
- cap.yes 'status.cap :=
- }
- if$
- }
- { swap$
- { swap$ pop$ ")" * "(" swap$ * }
- { "(" swap$ * ", " * swap$ * ")" * }
- if$
- this.to.prev.status
- punct.no 'this.status.punct :=
- space.normal 'this.status.space :=
- quote.no 'this.status.quote :=
- cap.yes 'status.cap :=
- }
- if$
-}
-
-
-
-%% edition/title
-
-% Note: IEEE considers the edition to be closely associated with
-% the title of a book. So, in IEEEtran.bst the edition is normally handled
-% within the formatting of the title. The format.edition function is
-% retained here for possible future use.
-FUNCTION {format.edition}
-{ edition duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
- { this.to.prev.status
- this.status.std
- convert.edition
- status.cap
- { "t" }
- { "l" }
- if$ change.case$
- "edition" bibinfo.check
- "~" * bbl.edition *
- cap.status.std
- }
- if$
-}
-
-% This is used to format the booktitle of a conference proceedings.
-% Here we use the "intype" field to provide the user a way to
-% override the word "in" (e.g., with things like "presented at")
-% Use of intype stops the emphasis of the booktitle to indicate that
-% we no longer mean the written conference proceedings, but the
-% conference itself.
-FUNCTION {format.in.booktitle}
-{ booktitle "booktitle" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
- { this.to.prev.status
- this.status.std
- select.language
- intype missing$
- { emphasize
- bbl.in " " *
- }
- { intype " " * }
- if$
- swap$ *
- cap.status.std
- }
- if$
-}
-
-% This is used to format the booktitle of collection.
-% Here the "intype" field is not supported, but "edition" is.
-FUNCTION {format.in.booktitle.edition}
-{ booktitle "booktitle" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
- { this.to.prev.status
- this.status.std
- select.language
- emphasize
- edition empty$ 'skip$
- { ", " *
- edition
- convert.edition
- "l" change.case$
- * "~" * bbl.edition *
- }
- if$
- bbl.in " " * swap$ *
- cap.status.std
- }
- if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION {format.article.title}
-{ title duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
- { this.to.prev.status
- this.status.std
- "t" change.case$
- }
- if$
- "title" bibinfo.check
- duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
- { quote.close 'this.status.quote :=
- is.last.char.not.punct
- { punct.std 'this.status.punct := }
- { punct.no 'this.status.punct := }
- if$
- select.language
- "``" swap$ *
- cap.status.std
- }
- if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION {format.article.title.electronic}
-{ title duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
- { this.to.prev.status
- this.status.std
- cap.status.std
- "t" change.case$
- }
- if$
- "title" bibinfo.check
- duplicate$ empty$
- { skip$ }
- { select.language }
- if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION {format.book.title.edition}
-{ title "title" bibinfo.check
- duplicate$ empty$
- { "empty title in " cite$ * warning$ }
- { this.to.prev.status
- this.status.std
- select.language
- emphasize
- edition empty$ 'skip$
- { ", " *
- edition
- convert.edition
- status.cap
- { "t" }
- { "l" }
- if$
- change.case$
- * "~" * bbl.edition *
- }
- if$
- cap.status.std
- }
- if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION {format.book.title}
-{ title "title" bibinfo.check
- duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
- { this.to.prev.status
- this.status.std
- cap.status.std
- select.language
- emphasize
- }
- if$
-}
-
-
-
-%% journal
-
-FUNCTION {format.journal}
-{ journal duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
- { this.to.prev.status
- this.status.std
- cap.status.std
- select.language
- emphasize
- }
- if$
-}
-
-
-
-%% how published
-
-FUNCTION {format.howpublished}
-{ howpublished duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
- { this.to.prev.status
- this.status.std
- cap.status.std
- }
- if$
-}
-
-
-
-%% institutions/organization/publishers/school
-
-FUNCTION {format.institution}
-{ institution duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
- { this.to.prev.status
- this.status.std
- cap.status.std
- }
- if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION {format.organization}
-{ organization duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
- { this.to.prev.status
- this.status.std
- cap.status.std
- }
- if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION {format.address.publisher.date}
-{ publisher "publisher" bibinfo.warn format.address.org.or.pub.date }
-
-FUNCTION {format.address.publisher.date.nowarn}
-{ publisher "publisher" bibinfo.check format.address.org.or.pub.date }
-
-FUNCTION {format.address.organization.date}
-{ organization "organization" bibinfo.check format.address.org.or.pub.date }
-
-FUNCTION {format.school}
-{ school duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
- { this.to.prev.status
- this.status.std
- cap.status.std
- }
- if$
-}
-
-
-
-%% volume/number/series/chapter/pages
-
-FUNCTION {format.volume}
-{ volume empty.field.to.null.string
- duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
- { this.to.prev.status
- this.status.std
- bbl.volume
- status.cap
- { capitalize }
- { skip$ }
- if$
- swap$ tie.or.space.prefix
- "volume" bibinfo.check
- * *
- cap.status.std
- }
- if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION {format.number}
-{ number empty.field.to.null.string
- duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
- { this.to.prev.status
- this.status.std
- status.cap
- { bbl.number capitalize }
- { bbl.number }
- if$
- swap$ tie.or.space.prefix
- "number" bibinfo.check
- * *
- cap.status.std
- }
- if$
-}
-
-FUNCTION {format.number.if.use.for.article}
-{ is.use.number.for.article
- { format.number }
- { "" }
- if$
-}
-
-% IEEE does not seem to tie the series so closely with the volume
-% and number as is done in other bibliography styles. Instead the
-% series is treated somewhat like an extension of the title.
-FUNCTION {format.series}
-{ series empty$
- { "" }
- { this.to.prev.status
- this.status.std
- bbl.series " " *
- series "series" bibinfo.check *
- cap.status.std
- }
- if$
-}
-
-
-FUNCTION {format.chapter}
-{ chapter empty$
- { "" }
- { this.to.prev.status
- this.status.std
- type empty$
- { bbl.chapter }
- { type "l" change.case$
- "type" bibinfo.check
- }
- if$
- chapter tie.or.space.prefix
- "chapter" bibinfo.check
- * *
- cap.status.std
- }
- if$
-}
-
-
-% The intended use of format.paper is for paper numbers of inproceedings.
-% The paper type can be overridden via the type field.
-% We allow the type to be displayed even if the paper number is absent
-% for things like "postdeadline paper"
-FUNCTION {format.paper}
-{ is.use.paper
- { paper empty$
- { type empty$
- { "" }
- { this.to.prev.status
- this.status.std
- type "type" bibinfo.check
- cap.status.std
- }
- if$
- }
- { this.to.prev.status
- this.status.std
- type empty$
- { bbl.paper }
- { type "type" bibinfo.check }
- if$
- " " * paper
- "paper" bibinfo.check
- *
- cap.status.std
- }
- if$
- }
- { "" }
- if$
-}
-
-
-FUNCTION {format.pages}
-{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
- { this.to.prev.status
- this.status.std
- duplicate$ is.multiple.pages
- {
- bbl.pages swap$
- n.dashify
- }
- {
- bbl.page swap$
- }
- if$
- tie.or.space.prefix
- "pages" bibinfo.check
- * *
- cap.status.std
- }
- if$
-}
-
-
-
-%% technical report number
-
-FUNCTION {format.tech.report.number}
-{ number "number" bibinfo.check
- this.to.prev.status
- this.status.std
- cap.status.std
- type duplicate$ empty$
- { pop$
- bbl.techrep
- }
- { skip$ }
- if$
- "type" bibinfo.check
- swap$ duplicate$ empty$
- { pop$ }
- { tie.or.space.prefix * * }
- if$
-}
-
-
-
-%% note
-
-FUNCTION {format.note}
-{ note empty$
- { "" }
- { this.to.prev.status
- this.status.std
- punct.period 'this.status.punct :=
- note #1 #1 substring$
- duplicate$ "{" =
- { skip$ }
- { status.cap
- { "u" }
- { "l" }
- if$
- change.case$
- }
- if$
- note #2 global.max$ substring$ * "note" bibinfo.check
- cap.yes 'status.cap :=
- }
- if$
-}
-
-
-
-%% patent
-
-FUNCTION {format.patent.date}
-{ this.to.prev.status
- this.status.std
- year empty$
- { monthfiled duplicate$ empty$
- { "monthfiled" bibinfo.check pop$ "" }
- { "monthfiled" bibinfo.check }
- if$
- dayfiled duplicate$ empty$
- { "dayfiled" bibinfo.check pop$ "" * }
- { "dayfiled" bibinfo.check
- monthfiled empty$
- { "dayfiled without a monthfiled in " cite$ * warning$
- *
- }
- { " " swap$ * * }
- if$
- }
- if$
- yearfiled empty$
- { "no year or yearfiled in " cite$ * warning$ }
- { yearfiled "yearfiled" bibinfo.check
- swap$
- duplicate$ empty$
- { pop$ }
- { ", " * swap$ * }
- if$
- }
- if$
- }
- { month duplicate$ empty$
- { "month" bibinfo.check pop$ "" }
- { "month" bibinfo.check }
- if$
- day duplicate$ empty$
- { "day" bibinfo.check pop$ "" * }
- { "day" bibinfo.check
- month empty$
- { "day without a month in " cite$ * warning$
- *
- }
- { " " swap$ * * }
- if$
- }
- if$
- year "year" bibinfo.check
- swap$
- duplicate$ empty$
- { pop$ }
- { ", " * swap$ * }
- if$
- }
- if$
- cap.status.std
-}
-
-FUNCTION {format.patent.nationality.type.number}
-{ this.to.prev.status
- this.status.std
- nationality duplicate$ empty$
- { "nationality" bibinfo.warn pop$ "" }
- { "nationality" bibinfo.check
- duplicate$ "l" change.case$ "united states" =
- { pop$ bbl.patentUS }
- { skip$ }
- if$
- " " *
- }
- if$
- type empty$
- { bbl.patent "type" bibinfo.check }
- { type "type" bibinfo.check }
- if$
- *
- number duplicate$ empty$
- { "number" bibinfo.warn pop$ }
- { "number" bibinfo.check
- large.number.separate
- swap$ " " * swap$ *
- }
- if$
- cap.status.std
-}
-
-
-
-%% standard
-
-FUNCTION {format.organization.institution.standard.type.number}
-{ this.to.prev.status
- this.status.std
- organization duplicate$ empty$
- { pop$
- institution duplicate$ empty$
- { "institution" bibinfo.warn }
- { "institution" bibinfo.warn " " * }
- if$
- }
- { "organization" bibinfo.warn " " * }
- if$
- type empty$
- { bbl.standard "type" bibinfo.check }
- { type "type" bibinfo.check }
- if$
- *
- number duplicate$ empty$
- { "number" bibinfo.check pop$ }
- { "number" bibinfo.check
- large.number.separate
- swap$ " " * swap$ *
- }
- if$
- cap.status.std
-}
-
-FUNCTION {format.revision}
-{ revision empty$
- { "" }
- { this.to.prev.status
- this.status.std
- bbl.revision
- revision tie.or.space.prefix
- "revision" bibinfo.check
- * *
- cap.status.std
- }
- if$
-}
-
-
-%% thesis
-
-FUNCTION {format.master.thesis.type}
-{ this.to.prev.status
- this.status.std
- type empty$
- {
- bbl.mthesis
- }
- {
- type "type" bibinfo.check
- }
- if$
-cap.status.std
-}
-
-FUNCTION {format.phd.thesis.type}
-{ this.to.prev.status
- this.status.std
- type empty$
- {
- bbl.phdthesis
- }
- {
- type "type" bibinfo.check
- }
- if$
-cap.status.std
-}
-
-
-
-%% URL
-
-FUNCTION {format.url}
-{ url empty$
- { "" }
- { this.to.prev.status
- this.status.std
- cap.yes 'status.cap :=
- name.url.prefix " " *
- "\url{" * url * "}" *
- punct.no 'this.status.punct :=
- punct.period 'prev.status.punct :=
- space.normal 'this.status.space :=
- space.normal 'prev.status.space :=
- quote.no 'this.status.quote :=
- }
- if$
-}
-
-
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% ENTRY HANDLERS %%
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-
-% Note: In many journals, IEEE (or the authors) tend not to show the number
-% for articles, so the display of the number is controlled here by the
-% switch "is.use.number.for.article"
-FUNCTION {article}
-{ std.status.using.comma
- start.entry
- if.url.alt.interword.spacing
- format.authors "author" output.warn
- name.or.dash
- format.article.title "title" output.warn
- format.journal "journal" bibinfo.check "journal" output.warn
- format.volume output
- format.number.if.use.for.article output
- format.pages output
- format.date "year" output.warn
- format.note output
- format.url output
- fin.entry
- if.url.std.interword.spacing
-}
-
-FUNCTION {book}
-{ std.status.using.comma
- start.entry
- if.url.alt.interword.spacing
- author empty$
- { format.editors "author and editor" output.warn }
- { format.authors output.nonnull }
- if$
- name.or.dash
- format.book.title.edition output
- format.series output
- author empty$
- { skip$ }
- { format.editors output }
- if$
- format.address.publisher.date output
- format.volume output
- format.number output
- format.note output
- format.url output
- fin.entry
- if.url.std.interword.spacing
-}
-
-FUNCTION {booklet}
-{ std.status.using.comma
- start.entry
- if.url.alt.interword.spacing
- format.authors output
- name.or.dash
- format.article.title "title" output.warn
- format.howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
- format.organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
- format.address "address" bibinfo.check output
- format.date output
- format.note output
- format.url output
- fin.entry
- if.url.std.interword.spacing
-}
-
-FUNCTION {electronic}
-{ std.status.using.period
- start.entry
- if.url.alt.interword.spacing
- format.authors output
- name.or.dash
- format.date.electronic output
- format.article.title.electronic output
- format.howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
- format.organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
- format.address "address" bibinfo.check output
- format.note output
- format.url output
- fin.entry
- empty.entry.warn
- if.url.std.interword.spacing
-}
-
-FUNCTION {inbook}
-{ std.status.using.comma
- start.entry
- if.url.alt.interword.spacing
- author empty$
- { format.editors "author and editor" output.warn }
- { format.authors output.nonnull }
- if$
- name.or.dash
- format.book.title.edition output
- format.series output
- format.address.publisher.date output
- format.volume output
- format.number output
- format.chapter output
- format.pages output
- format.note output
- format.url output
- fin.entry
- if.url.std.interword.spacing
-}
-
-FUNCTION {incollection}
-{ std.status.using.comma
- start.entry
- if.url.alt.interword.spacing
- format.authors "author" output.warn
- name.or.dash
- format.article.title "title" output.warn
- format.in.booktitle.edition "booktitle" output.warn
- format.series output
- format.editors output
- format.address.publisher.date.nowarn output
- format.volume output
- format.number output
- format.chapter output
- format.pages output
- format.note output
- format.url output
- fin.entry
- if.url.std.interword.spacing
-}
-
-FUNCTION {inproceedings}
-{ std.status.using.comma
- start.entry
- if.url.alt.interword.spacing
- format.authors "author" output.warn
- name.or.dash
- format.article.title "title" output.warn
- format.in.booktitle "booktitle" output.warn
- format.series output
- format.editors output
- format.volume output
- format.number output
- publisher empty$
- { format.address.organization.date output }
- { format.organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
- format.address.publisher.date output
- }
- if$
- format.paper output
- format.pages output
- format.note output
- format.url output
- fin.entry
- if.url.std.interword.spacing
-}
-
-FUNCTION {manual}
-{ std.status.using.comma
- start.entry
- if.url.alt.interword.spacing
- format.authors output
- name.or.dash
- format.book.title.edition "title" output.warn
- format.howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
- format.organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
- format.address "address" bibinfo.check output
- format.date output
- format.note output
- format.url output
- fin.entry
- if.url.std.interword.spacing
-}
-
-FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
-{ std.status.using.comma
- start.entry
- if.url.alt.interword.spacing
- format.authors "author" output.warn
- name.or.dash
- format.article.title "title" output.warn
- format.master.thesis.type output.nonnull
- format.school "school" bibinfo.warn output
- format.address "address" bibinfo.check output
- format.date "year" output.warn
- format.note output
- format.url output
- fin.entry
- if.url.std.interword.spacing
-}
-
-FUNCTION {misc}
-{ std.status.using.comma
- start.entry
- if.url.alt.interword.spacing
- format.authors output
- name.or.dash
- format.article.title output
- format.howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
- format.organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
- format.address "address" bibinfo.check output
- format.pages output
- format.date output
- format.note output
- format.url output
- fin.entry
- empty.entry.warn
- if.url.std.interword.spacing
-}
-
-FUNCTION {patent}
-{ std.status.using.comma
- start.entry
- if.url.alt.interword.spacing
- format.authors output
- name.or.dash
- format.article.title output
- format.patent.nationality.type.number output
- format.patent.date output
- format.note output
- format.url output
- fin.entry
- empty.entry.warn
- if.url.std.interword.spacing
-}
-
-FUNCTION {periodical}
-{ std.status.using.comma
- start.entry
- if.url.alt.interword.spacing
- format.editors output
- name.or.dash
- format.book.title "title" output.warn
- format.series output
- format.volume output
- format.number output
- format.organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
- format.date "year" output.warn
- format.note output
- format.url output
- fin.entry
- if.url.std.interword.spacing
-}
-
-FUNCTION {phdthesis}
-{ std.status.using.comma
- start.entry
- if.url.alt.interword.spacing
- format.authors "author" output.warn
- name.or.dash
- format.article.title "title" output.warn
- format.phd.thesis.type output.nonnull
- format.school "school" bibinfo.warn output
- format.address "address" bibinfo.check output
- format.date "year" output.warn
- format.note output
- format.url output
- fin.entry
- if.url.std.interword.spacing
-}
-
-FUNCTION {proceedings}
-{ std.status.using.comma
- start.entry
- if.url.alt.interword.spacing
- format.editors output
- name.or.dash
- format.book.title "title" output.warn
- format.series output
- format.volume output
- format.number output
- publisher empty$
- { format.address.organization.date output }
- { format.organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
- format.address.publisher.date output
- }
- if$
- format.note output
- format.url output
- fin.entry
- if.url.std.interword.spacing
-}
-
-FUNCTION {standard}
-{ std.status.using.comma
- start.entry
- if.url.alt.interword.spacing
- format.authors output
- name.or.dash
- format.book.title "title" output.warn
- format.howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
- format.organization.institution.standard.type.number output
- format.revision output
- format.date output
- format.note output
- format.url output
- fin.entry
- if.url.std.interword.spacing
-}
-
-FUNCTION {techreport}
-{ std.status.using.comma
- start.entry
- if.url.alt.interword.spacing
- format.authors "author" output.warn
- name.or.dash
- format.article.title "title" output.warn
- format.howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
- format.institution "institution" bibinfo.warn output
- format.address "address" bibinfo.check output
- format.tech.report.number output.nonnull
- format.date "year" output.warn
- format.note output
- format.url output
- fin.entry
- if.url.std.interword.spacing
-}
-
-FUNCTION {unpublished}
-{ std.status.using.comma
- start.entry
- if.url.alt.interword.spacing
- format.authors "author" output.warn
- name.or.dash
- format.article.title "title" output.warn
- format.date output
- format.note "note" output.warn
- format.url output
- fin.entry
- if.url.std.interword.spacing
-}
-
-
-% The special entry type which provides the user interface to the
-% BST controls
-FUNCTION {IEEEtranBSTCTL}
-{ is.print.banners.to.terminal
- { "** IEEEtran BST control entry " quote$ * cite$ * quote$ * " detected." *
- top$
- }
- { skip$ }
- if$
- CTLuse_article_number
- empty$
- { skip$ }
- { CTLuse_article_number
- yes.no.to.int
- 'is.use.number.for.article :=
- }
- if$
- CTLuse_paper
- empty$
- { skip$ }
- { CTLuse_paper
- yes.no.to.int
- 'is.use.paper :=
- }
- if$
- CTLuse_forced_etal
- empty$
- { skip$ }
- { CTLuse_forced_etal
- yes.no.to.int
- 'is.forced.et.al :=
- }
- if$
- CTLmax_names_forced_etal
- empty$
- { skip$ }
- { CTLmax_names_forced_etal
- string.to.integer
- 'max.num.names.before.forced.et.al :=
- }
- if$
- CTLnames_show_etal
- empty$
- { skip$ }
- { CTLnames_show_etal
- string.to.integer
- 'num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al :=
- }
- if$
- CTLuse_alt_spacing
- empty$
- { skip$ }
- { CTLuse_alt_spacing
- yes.no.to.int
- 'is.use.alt.interword.spacing :=
- }
- if$
- CTLalt_stretch_factor
- empty$
- { skip$ }
- { CTLalt_stretch_factor
- 'ALTinterwordstretchfactor :=
- "\renewcommand{\BIBentryALTinterwordstretchfactor}{"
- ALTinterwordstretchfactor * "}" *
- write$ newline$
- }
- if$
- CTLdash_repeated_names
- empty$
- { skip$ }
- { CTLdash_repeated_names
- yes.no.to.int
- 'is.dash.repeated.names :=
- }
- if$
- CTLname_format_string
- empty$
- { skip$ }
- { CTLname_format_string
- 'name.format.string :=
- }
- if$
- CTLname_latex_cmd
- empty$
- { skip$ }
- { CTLname_latex_cmd
- 'name.latex.cmd :=
- }
- if$
- CTLname_url_prefix
- missing$
- { skip$ }
- { CTLname_url_prefix
- 'name.url.prefix :=
- }
- if$
-
-
- num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al max.num.names.before.forced.et.al >
- { "CTLnames_show_etal cannot be greater than CTLmax_names_forced_etal in " cite$ * warning$
- max.num.names.before.forced.et.al 'num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al :=
- }
- { skip$ }
- if$
-}
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% ENTRY ALIASES %%
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-FUNCTION {conference}{inproceedings}
-FUNCTION {online}{electronic}
-FUNCTION {internet}{electronic}
-FUNCTION {webpage}{electronic}
-FUNCTION {www}{electronic}
-FUNCTION {default.type}{misc}
-
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% MAIN PROGRAM %%
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-READ
-
-EXECUTE {initialize.controls}
-EXECUTE {initialize.status.constants}
-EXECUTE {banner.message}
-
-EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label}
-ITERATE {longest.label.pass}
-
-EXECUTE {begin.bib}
-ITERATE {call.type$}
-EXECUTE {end.bib}
-
-EXECUTE{completed.message}
-
-
-%% That's all folks, mds.
+%%
+%% IEEEtran.bst
+%% BibTeX Bibliography Style file for IEEE Journals and Conferences (unsorted)
+%% Version 1.13 (2008/09/30)
+%%
+%% Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Michael Shell
+%%
+%% Original starting code base and algorithms obtained from the output of
+%% Patrick W. Daly's makebst package as well as from prior versions of
+%% IEEE BibTeX styles:
+%%
+%% 1. Howard Trickey and Oren Patashnik's ieeetr.bst (1985/1988)
+%% 2. Silvano Balemi and Richard H. Roy's IEEEbib.bst (1993)
+%%
+%% Support sites:
+%% http://www.michaelshell.org/tex/ieeetran/
+%% http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/IEEEtran/
+%% and/or
+%% http://www.ieee.org/
+%%
+%% For use with BibTeX version 0.99a or later
+%%
+%% This is a numerical citation style.
+%%
+%%*************************************************************************
+%% Legal Notice:
+%% This code is offered as-is without any warranty either expressed or
+%% implied; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+%% FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE!
+%% User assumes all risk.
+%% In no event shall IEEE or any contributor to this code be liable for
+%% any damages or losses, including, but not limited to, incidental,
+%% consequential, or any other damages, resulting from the use or misuse
+%% of any information contained here.
+%%
+%% All comments are the opinions of their respective authors and are not
+%% necessarily endorsed by the IEEE.
+%%
+%% This work is distributed under the LaTeX Project Public License (LPPL)
+%% ( http://www.latex-project.org/ ) version 1.3, and may be freely used,
+%% distributed and modified. A copy of the LPPL, version 1.3, is included
+%% in the base LaTeX documentation of all distributions of LaTeX released
+%% 2003/12/01 or later.
+%% Retain all contribution notices and credits.
+%% ** Modified files should be clearly indicated as such, including **
+%% ** renaming them and changing author support contact information. **
+%%
+%% File list of work: IEEEabrv.bib, IEEEfull.bib, IEEEexample.bib,
+%% IEEEtran.bst, IEEEtranS.bst, IEEEtranSA.bst,
+%% IEEEtranN.bst, IEEEtranSN.bst, IEEEtran_bst_HOWTO.pdf
+%%*************************************************************************
+%
+%
+% Changelog:
+%
+% 1.00 (2002/08/13) Initial release
+%
+% 1.10 (2002/09/27)
+% 1. Corrected minor bug for improperly formed warning message when a
+% book was not given a title. Thanks to Ming Kin Lai for reporting this.
+% 2. Added support for CTLname_format_string and CTLname_latex_cmd fields
+% in the BST control entry type.
+%
+% 1.11 (2003/04/02)
+% 1. Fixed bug with URLs containing underscores when using url.sty. Thanks
+% to Ming Kin Lai for reporting this.
+%
+% 1.12 (2007/01/11)
+% 1. Fixed bug with unwanted comma before "et al." when an entry contained
+% more than two author names. Thanks to Pallav Gupta for reporting this.
+% 2. Fixed bug with anomalous closing quote in tech reports that have a
+% type, but without a number or address. Thanks to Mehrdad Mirreza for
+% reporting this.
+% 3. Use braces in \providecommand in begin.bib to better support
+% latex2html. TeX style length assignments OK with recent versions
+% of latex2html - 1.71 (2002/2/1) or later is strongly recommended.
+% Use of the language field still causes trouble with latex2html.
+% Thanks to Federico Beffa for reporting this.
+% 4. Added IEEEtran.bst ID and version comment string to .bbl output.
+% 5. Provide a \BIBdecl hook that allows the user to execute commands
+% just prior to the first entry.
+% 6. Use default urlstyle (is using url.sty) of "same" rather than rm to
+% better work with a wider variety of bibliography styles.
+% 7. Changed month abbreviations from Sept., July and June to Sep., Jul.,
+% and Jun., respectively, as IEEE now does. Thanks to Moritz Borgmann
+% for reporting this.
+% 8. Control entry types should not be considered when calculating longest
+% label width.
+% 9. Added alias www for electronic/online.
+% 10. Added CTLname_url_prefix control entry type.
+%
+% 1.13 (2008/09/30)
+% 1. Fixed bug with edition number to ordinal conversion. Thanks to
+% Michael Roland for reporting this and correcting the algorithm.
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% DEFAULTS FOR THE CONTROLS OF THE BST STYLE %%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+% These are the defaults for the user adjustable controls. The values used
+% here can be overridden by the user via IEEEtranBSTCTL entry type.
+
+% NOTE: The recommended LaTeX command to invoke a control entry type is:
+%
+%\makeatletter
+%\def\bstctlcite{\@ifnextchar[{\@bstctlcite}{\@bstctlcite[@auxout]}}
+%\def\@bstctlcite[#1]#2{\@bsphack
+% \@for\@citeb:=#2\do{%
+% \edef\@citeb{\expandafter\@firstofone\@citeb}%
+% \if@filesw\immediate\write\csname #1\endcsname{\string\citation{\@citeb}}\fi}%
+% \@esphack}
+%\makeatother
+%
+% It is called at the start of the document, before the first \cite, like:
+% \bstctlcite{IEEEexample:BSTcontrol}
+%
+% IEEEtran.cls V1.6 and later does provide this command.
+
+
+
+% #0 turns off the display of the number for articles.
+% #1 enables
+FUNCTION {default.is.use.number.for.article} { #1 }
+
+
+% #0 turns off the display of the paper and type fields in @inproceedings.
+% #1 enables
+FUNCTION {default.is.use.paper} { #1 }
+
+
+% #0 turns off the forced use of "et al."
+% #1 enables
+FUNCTION {default.is.forced.et.al} { #0 }
+
+% The maximum number of names that can be present beyond which an "et al."
+% usage is forced. Be sure that num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al (below)
+% is not greater than this value!
+% Note: There are many instances of references in IEEE journals which have
+% a very large number of authors as well as instances in which "et al." is
+% used profusely.
+FUNCTION {default.max.num.names.before.forced.et.al} { #10 }
+
+% The number of names that will be shown with a forced "et al.".
+% Must be less than or equal to max.num.names.before.forced.et.al
+FUNCTION {default.num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al} { #1 }
+
+
+% #0 turns off the alternate interword spacing for entries with URLs.
+% #1 enables
+FUNCTION {default.is.use.alt.interword.spacing} { #1 }
+
+% If alternate interword spacing for entries with URLs is enabled, this is
+% the interword spacing stretch factor that will be used. For example, the
+% default "4" here means that the interword spacing in entries with URLs can
+% stretch to four times normal. Does not have to be an integer. Note that
+% the value specified here can be overridden by the user in their LaTeX
+% code via a command such as:
+% "\providecommand\BIBentryALTinterwordstretchfactor{1.5}" in addition to
+% that via the IEEEtranBSTCTL entry type.
+FUNCTION {default.ALTinterwordstretchfactor} { "4" }
+
+
+% #0 turns off the "dashification" of repeated (i.e., identical to those
+% of the previous entry) names. IEEE normally does this.
+% #1 enables
+FUNCTION {default.is.dash.repeated.names} { #1 }
+
+
+% The default name format control string.
+FUNCTION {default.name.format.string}{ "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" }
+
+
+% The default LaTeX font command for the names.
+FUNCTION {default.name.latex.cmd}{ "" }
+
+
+% The default URL prefix.
+FUNCTION {default.name.url.prefix}{ "[Online]. Available:" }
+
+
+% Other controls that cannot be accessed via IEEEtranBSTCTL entry type.
+
+% #0 turns off the terminal startup banner/completed message so as to
+% operate more quietly.
+% #1 enables
+FUNCTION {is.print.banners.to.terminal} { #1 }
+
+
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% FILE VERSION AND BANNER %%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+FUNCTION{bst.file.version} { "1.13" }
+FUNCTION{bst.file.date} { "2008/09/30" }
+FUNCTION{bst.file.website} { "http://www.michaelshell.org/tex/ieeetran/bibtex/" }
+
+FUNCTION {banner.message}
+{ is.print.banners.to.terminal
+ { "-- IEEEtran.bst version" " " * bst.file.version *
+ " (" * bst.file.date * ") " * "by Michael Shell." *
+ top$
+ "-- " bst.file.website *
+ top$
+ "-- See the " quote$ * "IEEEtran_bst_HOWTO.pdf" * quote$ * " manual for usage information." *
+ top$
+ }
+ { skip$ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {completed.message}
+{ is.print.banners.to.terminal
+ { ""
+ top$
+ "Done."
+ top$
+ }
+ { skip$ }
+ if$
+}
+
+
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% STRING CONSTANTS %%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.and}{ "and" }
+FUNCTION {bbl.etal}{ "et~al." }
+FUNCTION {bbl.editors}{ "eds." }
+FUNCTION {bbl.editor}{ "ed." }
+FUNCTION {bbl.edition}{ "ed." }
+FUNCTION {bbl.volume}{ "vol." }
+FUNCTION {bbl.of}{ "of" }
+FUNCTION {bbl.number}{ "no." }
+FUNCTION {bbl.in}{ "in" }
+FUNCTION {bbl.pages}{ "pp." }
+FUNCTION {bbl.page}{ "p." }
+FUNCTION {bbl.chapter}{ "ch." }
+FUNCTION {bbl.paper}{ "paper" }
+FUNCTION {bbl.part}{ "pt." }
+FUNCTION {bbl.patent}{ "Patent" }
+FUNCTION {bbl.patentUS}{ "U.S." }
+FUNCTION {bbl.revision}{ "Rev." }
+FUNCTION {bbl.series}{ "ser." }
+FUNCTION {bbl.standard}{ "Std." }
+FUNCTION {bbl.techrep}{ "Tech. Rep." }
+FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis}{ "Master's thesis" }
+FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis}{ "Ph.D. dissertation" }
+FUNCTION {bbl.st}{ "st" }
+FUNCTION {bbl.nd}{ "nd" }
+FUNCTION {bbl.rd}{ "rd" }
+FUNCTION {bbl.th}{ "th" }
+
+
+% This is the LaTeX spacer that is used when a larger than normal space
+% is called for (such as just before the address:publisher).
+FUNCTION {large.space} { "\hskip 1em plus 0.5em minus 0.4em\relax " }
+
+% The LaTeX code for dashes that are used to represent repeated names.
+% Note: Some older IEEE journals used something like
+% "\rule{0.275in}{0.5pt}\," which is fairly thick and runs right along
+% the baseline. However, IEEE now uses a thinner, above baseline,
+% six dash long sequence.
+FUNCTION {repeated.name.dashes} { "------" }
+
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% PREDEFINED STRING MACROS %%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}
+MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}
+MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}
+MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}
+MACRO {may} {"May"}
+MACRO {jun} {"Jun."}
+MACRO {jul} {"Jul."}
+MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}
+MACRO {sep} {"Sep."}
+MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}
+MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}
+MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}
+
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% ENTRY FIELDS %%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+ENTRY
+ { address
+ assignee
+ author
+ booktitle
+ chapter
+ day
+ dayfiled
+ edition
+ editor
+ howpublished
+ institution
+ intype
+ journal
+ key
+ language
+ month
+ monthfiled
+ nationality
+ note
+ number
+ organization
+ pages
+ paper
+ publisher
+ school
+ series
+ revision
+ title
+ type
+ url
+ volume
+ year
+ yearfiled
+ CTLuse_article_number
+ CTLuse_paper
+ CTLuse_forced_etal
+ CTLmax_names_forced_etal
+ CTLnames_show_etal
+ CTLuse_alt_spacing
+ CTLalt_stretch_factor
+ CTLdash_repeated_names
+ CTLname_format_string
+ CTLname_latex_cmd
+ CTLname_url_prefix
+ }
+ {}
+ { label }
+
+
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% INTEGER VARIABLES %%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+INTEGERS { prev.status.punct this.status.punct punct.std
+ punct.no punct.comma punct.period
+ prev.status.space this.status.space space.std
+ space.no space.normal space.large
+ prev.status.quote this.status.quote quote.std
+ quote.no quote.close
+ prev.status.nline this.status.nline nline.std
+ nline.no nline.newblock
+ status.cap cap.std
+ cap.no cap.yes}
+
+INTEGERS { longest.label.width multiresult nameptr namesleft number.label numnames }
+
+INTEGERS { is.use.number.for.article
+ is.use.paper
+ is.forced.et.al
+ max.num.names.before.forced.et.al
+ num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al
+ is.use.alt.interword.spacing
+ is.dash.repeated.names}
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% STRING VARIABLES %%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+STRINGS { bibinfo
+ longest.label
+ oldname
+ s
+ t
+ ALTinterwordstretchfactor
+ name.format.string
+ name.latex.cmd
+ name.url.prefix}
+
+
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% LOW LEVEL FUNCTIONS %%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+FUNCTION {initialize.controls}
+{ default.is.use.number.for.article 'is.use.number.for.article :=
+ default.is.use.paper 'is.use.paper :=
+ default.is.forced.et.al 'is.forced.et.al :=
+ default.max.num.names.before.forced.et.al 'max.num.names.before.forced.et.al :=
+ default.num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al 'num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al :=
+ default.is.use.alt.interword.spacing 'is.use.alt.interword.spacing :=
+ default.is.dash.repeated.names 'is.dash.repeated.names :=
+ default.ALTinterwordstretchfactor 'ALTinterwordstretchfactor :=
+ default.name.format.string 'name.format.string :=
+ default.name.latex.cmd 'name.latex.cmd :=
+ default.name.url.prefix 'name.url.prefix :=
+}
+
+
+% This IEEEtran.bst features a very powerful and flexible mechanism for
+% controlling the capitalization, punctuation, spacing, quotation, and
+% newlines of the formatted entry fields. (Note: IEEEtran.bst does not need
+% or use the newline/newblock feature, but it has been implemented for
+% possible future use.) The output states of IEEEtran.bst consist of
+% multiple independent attributes and, as such, can be thought of as being
+% vectors, rather than the simple scalar values ("before.all",
+% "mid.sentence", etc.) used in most other .bst files.
+%
+% The more flexible and complex design used here was motivated in part by
+% IEEE's rather unusual bibliography style. For example, IEEE ends the
+% previous field item with a period and large space prior to the publisher
+% address; the @electronic entry types use periods as inter-item punctuation
+% rather than the commas used by the other entry types; and URLs are never
+% followed by periods even though they are the last item in the entry.
+% Although it is possible to accommodate these features with the conventional
+% output state system, the seemingly endless exceptions make for convoluted,
+% unreliable and difficult to maintain code.
+%
+% IEEEtran.bst's output state system can be easily understood via a simple
+% illustration of two most recently formatted entry fields (on the stack):
+%
+% CURRENT_ITEM
+% "PREVIOUS_ITEM
+%
+% which, in this example, is to eventually appear in the bibliography as:
+%
+% "PREVIOUS_ITEM," CURRENT_ITEM
+%
+% It is the job of the output routine to take the previous item off of the
+% stack (while leaving the current item at the top of the stack), apply its
+% trailing punctuation (including closing quote marks) and spacing, and then
+% to write the result to BibTeX's output buffer:
+%
+% "PREVIOUS_ITEM,"
+%
+% Punctuation (and spacing) between items is often determined by both of the
+% items rather than just the first one. The presence of quotation marks
+% further complicates the situation because, in standard English, trailing
+% punctuation marks are supposed to be contained within the quotes.
+%
+% IEEEtran.bst maintains two output state (aka "status") vectors which
+% correspond to the previous and current (aka "this") items. Each vector
+% consists of several independent attributes which track punctuation,
+% spacing, quotation, and newlines. Capitalization status is handled by a
+% separate scalar because the format routines, not the output routine,
+% handle capitalization and, therefore, there is no need to maintain the
+% capitalization attribute for both the "previous" and "this" items.
+%
+% When a format routine adds a new item, it copies the current output status
+% vector to the previous output status vector and (usually) resets the
+% current (this) output status vector to a "standard status" vector. Using a
+% "standard status" vector in this way allows us to redefine what we mean by
+% "standard status" at the start of each entry handler and reuse the same
+% format routines under the various inter-item separation schemes. For
+% example, the standard status vector for the @book entry type may use
+% commas for item separators, while the @electronic type may use periods,
+% yet both entry handlers exploit many of the exact same format routines.
+%
+% Because format routines have write access to the output status vector of
+% the previous item, they can override the punctuation choices of the
+% previous format routine! Therefore, it becomes trivial to implement rules
+% such as "Always use a period and a large space before the publisher." By
+% pushing the generation of the closing quote mark to the output routine, we
+% avoid all the problems caused by having to close a quote before having all
+% the information required to determine what the punctuation should be.
+%
+% The IEEEtran.bst output state system can easily be expanded if needed.
+% For instance, it is easy to add a "space.tie" attribute value if the
+% bibliography rules mandate that two items have to be joined with an
+% unbreakable space.
+
+FUNCTION {initialize.status.constants}
+{ #0 'punct.no :=
+ #1 'punct.comma :=
+ #2 'punct.period :=
+ #0 'space.no :=
+ #1 'space.normal :=
+ #2 'space.large :=
+ #0 'quote.no :=
+ #1 'quote.close :=
+ #0 'cap.no :=
+ #1 'cap.yes :=
+ #0 'nline.no :=
+ #1 'nline.newblock :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {std.status.using.comma}
+{ punct.comma 'punct.std :=
+ space.normal 'space.std :=
+ quote.no 'quote.std :=
+ nline.no 'nline.std :=
+ cap.no 'cap.std :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {std.status.using.period}
+{ punct.period 'punct.std :=
+ space.normal 'space.std :=
+ quote.no 'quote.std :=
+ nline.no 'nline.std :=
+ cap.yes 'cap.std :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {initialize.prev.this.status}
+{ punct.no 'prev.status.punct :=
+ space.no 'prev.status.space :=
+ quote.no 'prev.status.quote :=
+ nline.no 'prev.status.nline :=
+ punct.no 'this.status.punct :=
+ space.no 'this.status.space :=
+ quote.no 'this.status.quote :=
+ nline.no 'this.status.nline :=
+ cap.yes 'status.cap :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {this.status.std}
+{ punct.std 'this.status.punct :=
+ space.std 'this.status.space :=
+ quote.std 'this.status.quote :=
+ nline.std 'this.status.nline :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {cap.status.std}{ cap.std 'status.cap := }
+
+FUNCTION {this.to.prev.status}
+{ this.status.punct 'prev.status.punct :=
+ this.status.space 'prev.status.space :=
+ this.status.quote 'prev.status.quote :=
+ this.status.nline 'prev.status.nline :=
+}
+
+
+FUNCTION {not}
+{ { #0 }
+ { #1 }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {and}
+{ { skip$ }
+ { pop$ #0 }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {or}
+{ { pop$ #1 }
+ { skip$ }
+ if$
+}
+
+
+% convert the strings "yes" or "no" to #1 or #0 respectively
+FUNCTION {yes.no.to.int}
+{ "l" change.case$ duplicate$
+ "yes" =
+ { pop$ #1 }
+ { duplicate$ "no" =
+ { pop$ #0 }
+ { "unknown boolean " quote$ * swap$ * quote$ *
+ " in " * cite$ * warning$
+ #0
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+
+% pushes true if the single char string on the stack is in the
+% range of "0" to "9"
+FUNCTION {is.num}
+{ chr.to.int$
+ duplicate$ "0" chr.to.int$ < not
+ swap$ "9" chr.to.int$ > not and
+}
+
+% multiplies the integer on the stack by a factor of 10
+FUNCTION {bump.int.mag}
+{ #0 'multiresult :=
+ { duplicate$ #0 > }
+ { #1 -
+ multiresult #10 +
+ 'multiresult :=
+ }
+ while$
+pop$
+multiresult
+}
+
+% converts a single character string on the stack to an integer
+FUNCTION {char.to.integer}
+{ duplicate$
+ is.num
+ { chr.to.int$ "0" chr.to.int$ - }
+ {"noninteger character " quote$ * swap$ * quote$ *
+ " in integer field of " * cite$ * warning$
+ #0
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+% converts a string on the stack to an integer
+FUNCTION {string.to.integer}
+{ duplicate$ text.length$ 'namesleft :=
+ #1 'nameptr :=
+ #0 'numnames :=
+ { nameptr namesleft > not }
+ { duplicate$ nameptr #1 substring$
+ char.to.integer numnames bump.int.mag +
+ 'numnames :=
+ nameptr #1 +
+ 'nameptr :=
+ }
+ while$
+pop$
+numnames
+}
+
+
+
+
+% The output routines write out the *next* to the top (previous) item on the
+% stack, adding punctuation and such as needed. Since IEEEtran.bst maintains
+% the output status for the top two items on the stack, these output
+% routines have to consider the previous output status (which corresponds to
+% the item that is being output). Full independent control of punctuation,
+% closing quote marks, spacing, and newblock is provided.
+%
+% "output.nonnull" does not check for the presence of a previous empty
+% item.
+%
+% "output" does check for the presence of a previous empty item and will
+% remove an empty item rather than outputing it.
+%
+% "output.warn" is like "output", but will issue a warning if it detects
+% an empty item.
+
+FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
+{ swap$
+ prev.status.punct punct.comma =
+ { "," * }
+ { skip$ }
+ if$
+ prev.status.punct punct.period =
+ { add.period$ }
+ { skip$ }
+ if$
+ prev.status.quote quote.close =
+ { "''" * }
+ { skip$ }
+ if$
+ prev.status.space space.normal =
+ { " " * }
+ { skip$ }
+ if$
+ prev.status.space space.large =
+ { large.space * }
+ { skip$ }
+ if$
+ write$
+ prev.status.nline nline.newblock =
+ { newline$ "\newblock " write$ }
+ { skip$ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ 'pop$
+ 'output.nonnull
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.warn}
+{ 't :=
+ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+ 'output.nonnull
+ if$
+}
+
+% "fin.entry" is the output routine that handles the last item of the entry
+% (which will be on the top of the stack when "fin.entry" is called).
+
+FUNCTION {fin.entry}
+{ this.status.punct punct.no =
+ { skip$ }
+ { add.period$ }
+ if$
+ this.status.quote quote.close =
+ { "''" * }
+ { skip$ }
+ if$
+write$
+newline$
+}
+
+
+FUNCTION {is.last.char.not.punct}
+{ duplicate$
+ "}" * add.period$
+ #-1 #1 substring$ "." =
+}
+
+FUNCTION {is.multiple.pages}
+{ 't :=
+ #0 'multiresult :=
+ { multiresult not
+ t empty$ not
+ and
+ }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$
+ duplicate$ "-" =
+ swap$ duplicate$ "," =
+ swap$ "+" =
+ or or
+ { #1 'multiresult := }
+ { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
+ if$
+ }
+ while$
+ multiresult
+}
+
+FUNCTION {capitalize}{ "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$ }
+
+FUNCTION {emphasize}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "" }
+%% Turned off for MESH2013
+% { "\emph{" swap$ * "}" * }
+ { skip$ }
+%%
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {do.name.latex.cmd}
+{ name.latex.cmd
+ empty$
+ { skip$ }
+ { name.latex.cmd "{" * swap$ * "}" * }
+ if$
+}
+
+% IEEEtran.bst uses its own \BIBforeignlanguage command which directly
+% invokes the TeX hyphenation patterns without the need of the Babel
+% package. Babel does a lot more than switch hyphenation patterns and
+% its loading can cause unintended effects in many class files (such as
+% IEEEtran.cls).
+FUNCTION {select.language}
+{ duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+ { language empty$ 'skip$
+ { "\BIBforeignlanguage{" language * "}{" * swap$ * "}" * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {tie.or.space.prefix}
+{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
+ { "~" }
+ { " " }
+ if$
+ swap$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {get.bbl.editor}
+{ editor num.names$ #1 > 'bbl.editors 'bbl.editor if$ }
+
+FUNCTION {space.word}{ " " swap$ * " " * }
+
+
+% Field Conditioners, Converters, Checkers and External Interfaces
+
+FUNCTION {empty.field.to.null.string}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "" }
+ { skip$ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {either.or.check}
+{ empty$
+ { pop$ }
+ { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {empty.entry.warn}
+{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$
+ month empty$ year empty$ note empty$ url empty$
+ and and and and and and
+ { "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+}
+
+
+% The bibinfo system provides a way for the electronic parsing/acquisition
+% of a bibliography's contents as is done by ReVTeX. For example, a field
+% could be entered into the bibliography as:
+% \bibinfo{volume}{2}
+% Only the "2" would show up in the document, but the LaTeX \bibinfo command
+% could do additional things with the information. IEEEtran.bst does provide
+% a \bibinfo command via "\providecommand{\bibinfo}[2]{#2}". However, it is
+% currently not used as the bogus bibinfo functions defined here output the
+% entry values directly without the \bibinfo wrapper. The bibinfo functions
+% themselves (and the calls to them) are retained for possible future use.
+%
+% bibinfo.check avoids acting on missing fields while bibinfo.warn will
+% issue a warning message if a missing field is detected. Prior to calling
+% the bibinfo functions, the user should push the field value and then its
+% name string, in that order.
+
+FUNCTION {bibinfo.check}
+{ swap$ duplicate$ missing$
+ { pop$ pop$ "" }
+ { duplicate$ empty$
+ { swap$ pop$ }
+ { swap$ pop$ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {bibinfo.warn}
+{ swap$ duplicate$ missing$
+ { swap$ "missing " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ pop$ "" }
+ { duplicate$ empty$
+ { swap$ "empty " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+ { swap$ pop$ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+
+% IEEE separates large numbers with more than 4 digits into groups of
+% three. IEEE uses a small space to separate these number groups.
+% Typical applications include patent and page numbers.
+
+% number of consecutive digits required to trigger the group separation.
+FUNCTION {large.number.trigger}{ #5 }
+
+% For numbers longer than the trigger, this is the blocksize of the groups.
+% The blocksize must be less than the trigger threshold, and 2 * blocksize
+% must be greater than the trigger threshold (can't do more than one
+% separation on the initial trigger).
+FUNCTION {large.number.blocksize}{ #3 }
+
+% What is actually inserted between the number groups.
+FUNCTION {large.number.separator}{ "\," }
+
+% So as to save on integer variables by reusing existing ones, numnames
+% holds the current number of consecutive digits read and nameptr holds
+% the number that will trigger an inserted space.
+FUNCTION {large.number.separate}
+{ 't :=
+ ""
+ #0 'numnames :=
+ large.number.trigger 'nameptr :=
+ { t empty$ not }
+ { t #-1 #1 substring$ is.num
+ { numnames #1 + 'numnames := }
+ { #0 'numnames :=
+ large.number.trigger 'nameptr :=
+ }
+ if$
+ t #-1 #1 substring$ swap$ *
+ t #-2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ numnames nameptr =
+ { duplicate$ #1 nameptr large.number.blocksize - substring$ swap$
+ nameptr large.number.blocksize - #1 + global.max$ substring$
+ large.number.separator swap$ * *
+ nameptr large.number.blocksize - 'numnames :=
+ large.number.blocksize #1 + 'nameptr :=
+ }
+ { skip$ }
+ if$
+ }
+ while$
+}
+
+% Converts all single dashes "-" to double dashes "--".
+FUNCTION {n.dashify}
+{ large.number.separate
+ 't :=
+ ""
+ { t empty$ not }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
+ { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
+ { "--" *
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ }
+ { { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
+ { "-" *
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ }
+ while$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$ *
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ while$
+}
+
+
+% This function detects entries with names that are identical to that of
+% the previous entry and replaces the repeated names with dashes (if the
+% "is.dash.repeated.names" user control is nonzero).
+FUNCTION {name.or.dash}
+{ 's :=
+ oldname empty$
+ { s 'oldname := s }
+ { s oldname =
+ { is.dash.repeated.names
+ { repeated.name.dashes }
+ { s 'oldname := s }
+ if$
+ }
+ { s 'oldname := s }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+% Converts the number string on the top of the stack to
+% "numerical ordinal form" (e.g., "7" to "7th"). There is
+% no artificial limit to the upper bound of the numbers as the
+% two least significant digits determine the ordinal form.
+FUNCTION {num.to.ordinal}
+{ duplicate$ #-2 #1 substring$ "1" =
+ { bbl.th * }
+ { duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$ "1" =
+ { bbl.st * }
+ { duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$ "2" =
+ { bbl.nd * }
+ { duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$ "3" =
+ { bbl.rd * }
+ { bbl.th * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+% If the string on the top of the stack begins with a number,
+% (e.g., 11th) then replace the string with the leading number
+% it contains. Otherwise retain the string as-is. s holds the
+% extracted number, t holds the part of the string that remains
+% to be scanned.
+FUNCTION {extract.num}
+{ duplicate$ 't :=
+ "" 's :=
+ { t empty$ not }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ duplicate$ is.num
+ { s swap$ * 's := }
+ { pop$ "" 't := }
+ if$
+ }
+ while$
+ s empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { pop$ s }
+ if$
+}
+
+% Converts the word number string on the top of the stack to
+% Arabic string form. Will be successful up to "tenth".
+FUNCTION {word.to.num}
+{ duplicate$ "l" change.case$ 's :=
+ s "first" =
+ { pop$ "1" }
+ { skip$ }
+ if$
+ s "second" =
+ { pop$ "2" }
+ { skip$ }
+ if$
+ s "third" =
+ { pop$ "3" }
+ { skip$ }
+ if$
+ s "fourth" =
+ { pop$ "4" }
+ { skip$ }
+ if$
+ s "fifth" =
+ { pop$ "5" }
+ { skip$ }
+ if$
+ s "sixth" =
+ { pop$ "6" }
+ { skip$ }
+ if$
+ s "seventh" =
+ { pop$ "7" }
+ { skip$ }
+ if$
+ s "eighth" =
+ { pop$ "8" }
+ { skip$ }
+ if$
+ s "ninth" =
+ { pop$ "9" }
+ { skip$ }
+ if$
+ s "tenth" =
+ { pop$ "10" }
+ { skip$ }
+ if$
+}
+
+
+% Converts the string on the top of the stack to numerical
+% ordinal (e.g., "11th") form.
+FUNCTION {convert.edition}
+{ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+ { duplicate$ #1 #1 substring$ is.num
+ { extract.num
+ num.to.ordinal
+ }
+ { word.to.num
+ duplicate$ #1 #1 substring$ is.num
+ { num.to.ordinal }
+ { "edition ordinal word " quote$ * edition * quote$ *
+ " may be too high (or improper) for conversion" * " in " * cite$ * warning$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% LATEX BIBLIOGRAPHY CODE %%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+FUNCTION {start.entry}
+{ newline$
+ "\bibitem{" write$
+ cite$ write$
+ "}" write$
+ newline$
+ ""
+ initialize.prev.this.status
+}
+
+% Here we write out all the LaTeX code that we will need. The most involved
+% code sequences are those that control the alternate interword spacing and
+% foreign language hyphenation patterns. The heavy use of \providecommand
+% gives users a way to override the defaults. Special thanks to Javier Bezos,
+% Johannes Braams, Robin Fairbairns, Heiko Oberdiek, Donald Arseneau and all
+% the other gurus on comp.text.tex for their help and advice on the topic of
+% \selectlanguage, Babel and BibTeX.
+FUNCTION {begin.bib}
+{ "% Generated by IEEEtran.bst, version: " bst.file.version * " (" * bst.file.date * ")" *
+ write$ newline$
+ preamble$ empty$ 'skip$
+ { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
+ if$
+ "\begin{thebibliography}{" longest.label * "}" *
+ write$ newline$
+ "\providecommand{\url}[1]{#1}"
+ write$ newline$
+ "\csname url@samestyle\endcsname"
+ write$ newline$
+ "\providecommand{\newblock}{\relax}"
+ write$ newline$
+ "\providecommand{\bibinfo}[2]{#2}"
+ write$ newline$
+ "\providecommand{\BIBentrySTDinterwordspacing}{\spaceskip=0pt\relax}"
+ write$ newline$
+ "\providecommand{\BIBentryALTinterwordstretchfactor}{"
+ ALTinterwordstretchfactor * "}" *
+ write$ newline$
+ "\providecommand{\BIBentryALTinterwordspacing}{\spaceskip=\fontdimen2\font plus "
+ write$ newline$
+ "\BIBentryALTinterwordstretchfactor\fontdimen3\font minus \fontdimen4\font\relax}"
+ write$ newline$
+ "\providecommand{\BIBforeignlanguage}[2]{{%"
+ write$ newline$
+ "\expandafter\ifx\csname l@#1\endcsname\relax"
+ write$ newline$
+ "\typeout{** WARNING: IEEEtran.bst: No hyphenation pattern has been}%"
+ write$ newline$
+ "\typeout{** loaded for the language `#1'. Using the pattern for}%"
+ write$ newline$
+ "\typeout{** the default language instead.}%"
+ write$ newline$
+ "\else"
+ write$ newline$
+ "\language=\csname l@#1\endcsname"
+ write$ newline$
+ "\fi"
+ write$ newline$
+ "#2}}"
+ write$ newline$
+ "\providecommand{\BIBdecl}{\relax}"
+ write$ newline$
+ "\BIBdecl"
+ write$ newline$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {end.bib}
+{ newline$ "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$ }
+
+FUNCTION {if.url.alt.interword.spacing}
+{ is.use.alt.interword.spacing
+ {url empty$ 'skip$ {"\BIBentryALTinterwordspacing" write$ newline$} if$}
+ { skip$ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {if.url.std.interword.spacing}
+{ is.use.alt.interword.spacing
+ {url empty$ 'skip$ {"\BIBentrySTDinterwordspacing" write$ newline$} if$}
+ { skip$ }
+ if$
+}
+
+
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% LONGEST LABEL PASS %%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label}
+{ "" 'longest.label :=
+ #1 'number.label :=
+ #0 'longest.label.width :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {longest.label.pass}
+{ type$ "ieeetranbstctl" =
+ { skip$ }
+ { number.label int.to.str$ 'label :=
+ number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
+ label width$ longest.label.width >
+ { label 'longest.label :=
+ label width$ 'longest.label.width :=
+ }
+ { skip$ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% FORMAT HANDLERS %%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+%% Lower Level Formats (used by higher level formats)
+
+FUNCTION {format.address.org.or.pub.date}
+{ 't :=
+ ""
+ year empty$
+ { "empty year in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ { skip$ }
+ if$
+ address empty$ t empty$ and
+ year empty$ and month empty$ and
+ { skip$ }
+ { this.to.prev.status
+ this.status.std
+ cap.status.std
+ address "address" bibinfo.check *
+ t empty$
+ { skip$ }
+ { punct.period 'prev.status.punct :=
+ space.large 'prev.status.space :=
+ address empty$
+ { skip$ }
+ { ": " * }
+ if$
+ t *
+ }
+ if$
+ year empty$ month empty$ and
+ { skip$ }
+ { t empty$ address empty$ and
+ { skip$ }
+ { ", " * }
+ if$
+ month empty$
+ { year empty$
+ { skip$ }
+ { year "year" bibinfo.check * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { month "month" bibinfo.check *
+ year empty$
+ { skip$ }
+ { " " * year "year" bibinfo.check * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+
+FUNCTION {format.names}
+{ 'bibinfo :=
+ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ {
+ this.to.prev.status
+ this.status.std
+ 's :=
+ "" 't :=
+ #1 'nameptr :=
+ s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+ numnames 'namesleft :=
+ { namesleft #0 > }
+ { s nameptr
+ name.format.string
+ format.name$
+ bibinfo bibinfo.check
+ 't :=
+ nameptr #1 >
+ { nameptr num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al #1 + =
+ numnames max.num.names.before.forced.et.al >
+ is.forced.et.al and and
+ { "others" 't :=
+ #1 'namesleft :=
+ }
+ { skip$ }
+ if$
+ namesleft #1 >
+ { ", " * t do.name.latex.cmd * }
+ { s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
+ { 't := }
+ { pop$ }
+ if$
+ t "others" =
+ { " " * bbl.etal emphasize * }
+ { numnames #2 >
+ { "," * }
+ { skip$ }
+ if$
+ bbl.and
+ space.word * t do.name.latex.cmd *
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { t do.name.latex.cmd }
+ if$
+ nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+ namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+ }
+ while$
+ cap.status.std
+ } if$
+}
+
+
+
+
+%% Higher Level Formats
+
+%% addresses/locations
+
+FUNCTION {format.address}
+{ address duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+ { this.to.prev.status
+ this.status.std
+ cap.status.std
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+
+
+%% author/editor names
+
+FUNCTION {format.authors}{ author "author" format.names }
+
+FUNCTION {format.editors}
+{ editor "editor" format.names duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+ { ", " *
+ get.bbl.editor
+ capitalize
+ *
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+
+
+%% date
+
+FUNCTION {format.date}
+{
+ month "month" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
+ year "year" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
+ { swap$ 'skip$
+ { this.to.prev.status
+ this.status.std
+ cap.status.std
+ "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ if$
+ *
+ }
+ { this.to.prev.status
+ this.status.std
+ cap.status.std
+ swap$ 'skip$
+ {
+ swap$
+ " " * swap$
+ }
+ if$
+ *
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+% WARNING: This function was modified to adhere to the formatting rules
+% of MESH2013 conference for entries with both month and year specified.
+% It will not work properly otherwise.
+FUNCTION {format.date.electronic}
+{ year "year" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
+ month "month" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
+ { swap$
+ { pop$ }
+ { "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$
+ pop$ ")" * "(" swap$ *
+ this.to.prev.status
+ punct.no 'this.status.punct :=
+ space.normal 'this.status.space :=
+ quote.no 'this.status.quote :=
+ cap.yes 'status.cap :=
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { swap$
+ { swap$ pop$ ")" * "(" swap$ * }
+ { "[retrieved: " swap$ * ", " * swap$ * "]" * }
+ if$
+ this.to.prev.status
+ punct.no 'this.status.punct :=
+ space.normal 'this.status.space :=
+ quote.no 'this.status.quote :=
+ cap.yes 'status.cap :=
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+
+
+%% edition/title
+
+% Note: IEEE considers the edition to be closely associated with
+% the title of a book. So, in IEEEtran.bst the edition is normally handled
+% within the formatting of the title. The format.edition function is
+% retained here for possible future use.
+FUNCTION {format.edition}
+{ edition duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+ { this.to.prev.status
+ this.status.std
+ convert.edition
+ status.cap
+ { "t" }
+ { "l" }
+ if$ change.case$
+ "edition" bibinfo.check
+ "~" * bbl.edition *
+ cap.status.std
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+% This is used to format the booktitle of a conference proceedings.
+% Here we use the "intype" field to provide the user a way to
+% override the word "in" (e.g., with things like "presented at")
+% Use of intype stops the emphasis of the booktitle to indicate that
+% we no longer mean the written conference proceedings, but the
+% conference itself.
+FUNCTION {format.in.booktitle}
+{ booktitle "booktitle" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+ { this.to.prev.status
+ this.status.std
+ select.language
+ intype missing$
+ { emphasize
+ bbl.in " " *
+ }
+ { intype " " * }
+ if$
+ swap$ *
+ cap.status.std
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+% This is used to format the booktitle of collection.
+% Here the "intype" field is not supported, but "edition" is.
+FUNCTION {format.in.booktitle.edition}
+{ booktitle "booktitle" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+ { this.to.prev.status
+ this.status.std
+ select.language
+ emphasize
+ edition empty$ 'skip$
+ { ", " *
+ edition
+ convert.edition
+ "l" change.case$
+ * "~" * bbl.edition *
+ }
+ if$
+ bbl.in " " * swap$ *
+ cap.status.std
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.article.title}
+{ title duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+ { this.to.prev.status
+ this.status.std
+ "t" change.case$
+ }
+ if$
+ "title" bibinfo.check
+ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+ { quote.close 'this.status.quote :=
+ is.last.char.not.punct
+ { punct.std 'this.status.punct := }
+ { punct.no 'this.status.punct := }
+ if$
+ select.language
+ "``" swap$ *
+ cap.status.std
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.article.title.electronic}
+{ title duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+ { this.to.prev.status
+ this.status.std
+ cap.status.std
+ "t" change.case$
+ }
+ if$
+ "title" bibinfo.check
+ duplicate$ empty$
+ { skip$ }
+ { select.language }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.book.title.edition}
+{ title "title" bibinfo.check
+ duplicate$ empty$
+ { "empty title in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ { this.to.prev.status
+ this.status.std
+ select.language
+ emphasize
+ edition empty$ 'skip$
+ { ", " *
+ edition
+ convert.edition
+ status.cap
+ { "t" }
+ { "l" }
+ if$
+ change.case$
+ * "~" * bbl.edition *
+ }
+ if$
+ cap.status.std
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.book.title}
+{ title "title" bibinfo.check
+ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+ { this.to.prev.status
+ this.status.std
+ cap.status.std
+ select.language
+ emphasize
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+
+
+%% journal
+
+FUNCTION {format.journal}
+{ journal duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+ { this.to.prev.status
+ this.status.std
+ cap.status.std
+ select.language
+ emphasize
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+
+
+%% how published
+
+FUNCTION {format.howpublished}
+{ howpublished duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+ { this.to.prev.status
+ this.status.std
+ cap.status.std
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+
+
+%% institutions/organization/publishers/school
+
+FUNCTION {format.institution}
+{ institution duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+ { this.to.prev.status
+ this.status.std
+ cap.status.std
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.organization}
+{ organization duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+ { this.to.prev.status
+ this.status.std
+ cap.status.std
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.address.publisher.date}
+{ publisher "publisher" bibinfo.warn format.address.org.or.pub.date }
+
+FUNCTION {format.address.publisher.date.nowarn}
+{ publisher "publisher" bibinfo.check format.address.org.or.pub.date }
+
+FUNCTION {format.address.organization.date}
+{ organization "organization" bibinfo.check format.address.org.or.pub.date }
+
+FUNCTION {format.school}
+{ school duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+ { this.to.prev.status
+ this.status.std
+ cap.status.std
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+
+
+%% volume/number/series/chapter/pages
+
+FUNCTION {format.volume}
+{ volume empty.field.to.null.string
+ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+ { this.to.prev.status
+ this.status.std
+ bbl.volume
+ status.cap
+ { capitalize }
+ { skip$ }
+ if$
+ swap$ tie.or.space.prefix
+ "volume" bibinfo.check
+ * *
+ cap.status.std
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.number}
+{ number empty.field.to.null.string
+ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+ { this.to.prev.status
+ this.status.std
+ status.cap
+ { bbl.number capitalize }
+ { bbl.number }
+ if$
+ swap$ tie.or.space.prefix
+ "number" bibinfo.check
+ * *
+ cap.status.std
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.number.if.use.for.article}
+{ is.use.number.for.article
+ { format.number }
+ { "" }
+ if$
+}
+
+% IEEE does not seem to tie the series so closely with the volume
+% and number as is done in other bibliography styles. Instead the
+% series is treated somewhat like an extension of the title.
+FUNCTION {format.series}
+{ series empty$
+ { "" }
+ { this.to.prev.status
+ this.status.std
+ bbl.series " " *
+ series "series" bibinfo.check *
+ cap.status.std
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+
+FUNCTION {format.chapter}
+{ chapter empty$
+ { "" }
+ { this.to.prev.status
+ this.status.std
+ type empty$
+ { bbl.chapter }
+ { type "l" change.case$
+ "type" bibinfo.check
+ }
+ if$
+ chapter tie.or.space.prefix
+ "chapter" bibinfo.check
+ * *
+ cap.status.std
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+
+% The intended use of format.paper is for paper numbers of inproceedings.
+% The paper type can be overridden via the type field.
+% We allow the type to be displayed even if the paper number is absent
+% for things like "postdeadline paper"
+FUNCTION {format.paper}
+{ is.use.paper
+ { paper empty$
+ { type empty$
+ { "" }
+ { this.to.prev.status
+ this.status.std
+ type "type" bibinfo.check
+ cap.status.std
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { this.to.prev.status
+ this.status.std
+ type empty$
+ { bbl.paper }
+ { type "type" bibinfo.check }
+ if$
+ " " * paper
+ "paper" bibinfo.check
+ *
+ cap.status.std
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { "" }
+ if$
+}
+
+
+FUNCTION {format.pages}
+{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+ { this.to.prev.status
+ this.status.std
+ duplicate$ is.multiple.pages
+ {
+ bbl.pages swap$
+ n.dashify
+ }
+ {
+ bbl.page swap$
+ }
+ if$
+ tie.or.space.prefix
+ "pages" bibinfo.check
+ * *
+ cap.status.std
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+
+
+%% technical report number
+
+FUNCTION {format.tech.report.number}
+{ number "number" bibinfo.check
+ this.to.prev.status
+ this.status.std
+ cap.status.std
+ type duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$
+ bbl.techrep
+ }
+ { skip$ }
+ if$
+ "type" bibinfo.check
+ swap$ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ }
+ { tie.or.space.prefix * * }
+ if$
+}
+
+
+
+%% note
+
+FUNCTION {format.note}
+{ note empty$
+ { "" }
+ { this.to.prev.status
+ this.status.std
+ punct.period 'this.status.punct :=
+ note #1 #1 substring$
+ duplicate$ "{" =
+ { skip$ }
+ { status.cap
+ { "u" }
+ { "l" }
+ if$
+ change.case$
+ }
+ if$
+ note #2 global.max$ substring$ * "note" bibinfo.check
+ cap.yes 'status.cap :=
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+
+
+%% patent
+
+FUNCTION {format.patent.date}
+{ this.to.prev.status
+ this.status.std
+ year empty$
+ { monthfiled duplicate$ empty$
+ { "monthfiled" bibinfo.check pop$ "" }
+ { "monthfiled" bibinfo.check }
+ if$
+ dayfiled duplicate$ empty$
+ { "dayfiled" bibinfo.check pop$ "" * }
+ { "dayfiled" bibinfo.check
+ monthfiled empty$
+ { "dayfiled without a monthfiled in " cite$ * warning$
+ *
+ }
+ { " " swap$ * * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ yearfiled empty$
+ { "no year or yearfiled in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ { yearfiled "yearfiled" bibinfo.check
+ swap$
+ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ }
+ { ", " * swap$ * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { month duplicate$ empty$
+ { "month" bibinfo.check pop$ "" }
+ { "month" bibinfo.check }
+ if$
+ day duplicate$ empty$
+ { "day" bibinfo.check pop$ "" * }
+ { "day" bibinfo.check
+ month empty$
+ { "day without a month in " cite$ * warning$
+ *
+ }
+ { " " swap$ * * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ year "year" bibinfo.check
+ swap$
+ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ }
+ { ", " * swap$ * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ cap.status.std
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.patent.nationality.type.number}
+{ this.to.prev.status
+ this.status.std
+ nationality duplicate$ empty$
+ { "nationality" bibinfo.warn pop$ "" }
+ { "nationality" bibinfo.check
+ duplicate$ "l" change.case$ "united states" =
+ { pop$ bbl.patentUS }
+ { skip$ }
+ if$
+ " " *
+ }
+ if$
+ type empty$
+ { bbl.patent "type" bibinfo.check }
+ { type "type" bibinfo.check }
+ if$
+ *
+ number duplicate$ empty$
+ { "number" bibinfo.warn pop$ }
+ { "number" bibinfo.check
+ large.number.separate
+ swap$ " " * swap$ *
+ }
+ if$
+ cap.status.std
+}
+
+
+
+%% standard
+
+FUNCTION {format.organization.institution.standard.type.number}
+{ this.to.prev.status
+ this.status.std
+ organization duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$
+ institution duplicate$ empty$
+ { "institution" bibinfo.warn }
+ { "institution" bibinfo.warn " " * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { "organization" bibinfo.warn " " * }
+ if$
+ type empty$
+ { bbl.standard "type" bibinfo.check }
+ { type "type" bibinfo.check }
+ if$
+ *
+ number duplicate$ empty$
+ { "number" bibinfo.check pop$ }
+ { "number" bibinfo.check
+ large.number.separate
+ swap$ " " * swap$ *
+ }
+ if$
+ cap.status.std
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.revision}
+{ revision empty$
+ { "" }
+ { this.to.prev.status
+ this.status.std
+ bbl.revision
+ revision tie.or.space.prefix
+ "revision" bibinfo.check
+ * *
+ cap.status.std
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+
+%% thesis
+
+FUNCTION {format.master.thesis.type}
+{ this.to.prev.status
+ this.status.std
+ type empty$
+ {
+ bbl.mthesis
+ }
+ {
+ type "type" bibinfo.check
+ }
+ if$
+cap.status.std
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.phd.thesis.type}
+{ this.to.prev.status
+ this.status.std
+ type empty$
+ {
+ bbl.phdthesis
+ }
+ {
+ type "type" bibinfo.check
+ }
+ if$
+cap.status.std
+}
+
+
+
+%% URL
+
+FUNCTION {format.url}
+{ url empty$
+ { "" }
+ { this.to.prev.status
+ this.status.std
+ cap.yes 'status.cap :=
+ name.url.prefix " " *
+ "\url{" * url * "}" *
+ punct.no 'this.status.punct :=
+ punct.period 'prev.status.punct :=
+ space.normal 'this.status.space :=
+ space.normal 'prev.status.space :=
+ quote.no 'this.status.quote :=
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% ENTRY HANDLERS %%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+% Note: In many journals, IEEE (or the authors) tend not to show the number
+% for articles, so the display of the number is controlled here by the
+% switch "is.use.number.for.article"
+FUNCTION {article}
+{ std.status.using.comma
+ start.entry
+ if.url.alt.interword.spacing
+ format.authors "author" output.warn
+ name.or.dash
+ format.article.title "title" output.warn
+ format.journal "journal" bibinfo.check "journal" output.warn
+ format.volume output
+ format.number.if.use.for.article output
+ format.date "year" output.warn
+ format.pages output
+ format.note output
+ format.url output
+ fin.entry
+ if.url.std.interword.spacing
+}
+
+FUNCTION {book}
+{ std.status.using.comma
+ start.entry
+ if.url.alt.interword.spacing
+ author empty$
+ { format.editors "author and editor" output.warn }
+ { format.authors output.nonnull }
+ if$
+ name.or.dash
+ format.book.title.edition output
+ format.series output
+ author empty$
+ { skip$ }
+ { format.editors output }
+ if$
+ format.address.publisher.date output
+ format.volume output
+ format.number output
+ format.note output
+ format.url output
+ fin.entry
+ if.url.std.interword.spacing
+}
+
+FUNCTION {booklet}
+{ std.status.using.comma
+ start.entry
+ if.url.alt.interword.spacing
+ format.authors output
+ name.or.dash
+ format.article.title "title" output.warn
+ format.howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
+ format.organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+ format.address "address" bibinfo.check output
+ format.date output
+ format.note output
+ format.url output
+ fin.entry
+ if.url.std.interword.spacing
+}
+
+FUNCTION {electronic}
+{ std.status.using.period
+ start.entry
+ if.url.alt.interword.spacing
+ format.authors output
+ name.or.dash
+ format.article.title.electronic output
+ format.howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
+ format.organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+ format.address "address" bibinfo.check output
+ format.note output
+ format.url output
+ format.date.electronic output
+ fin.entry
+ empty.entry.warn
+ if.url.std.interword.spacing
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inbook}
+{ std.status.using.comma
+ start.entry
+ if.url.alt.interword.spacing
+ author empty$
+ { format.editors "author and editor" output.warn }
+ { format.authors output.nonnull }
+ if$
+ name.or.dash
+ format.book.title.edition output
+ format.series output
+ format.address.publisher.date output
+ format.volume output
+ format.number output
+ format.chapter output
+ format.pages output
+ format.note output
+ format.url output
+ fin.entry
+ if.url.std.interword.spacing
+}
+
+FUNCTION {incollection}
+{ std.status.using.comma
+ start.entry
+ if.url.alt.interword.spacing
+ format.authors "author" output.warn
+ name.or.dash
+ format.article.title "title" output.warn
+ format.in.booktitle.edition "booktitle" output.warn
+ format.series output
+ format.editors output
+ format.address.publisher.date.nowarn output
+ format.volume output
+ format.number output
+ format.chapter output
+ format.pages output
+ format.note output
+ format.url output
+ fin.entry
+ if.url.std.interword.spacing
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inproceedings}
+{ std.status.using.comma
+ start.entry
+ if.url.alt.interword.spacing
+ format.authors "author" output.warn
+ name.or.dash
+ format.article.title "title" output.warn
+ format.in.booktitle "booktitle" output.warn
+ format.series output
+ format.editors output
+ format.volume output
+ format.number output
+ publisher empty$
+ { format.address.organization.date output }
+ { format.organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+ format.address.publisher.date output
+ }
+ if$
+ format.paper output
+ format.pages output
+ format.note output
+ format.url output
+ fin.entry
+ if.url.std.interword.spacing
+}
+
+FUNCTION {manual}
+{ std.status.using.comma
+ start.entry
+ if.url.alt.interword.spacing
+ format.authors output
+ name.or.dash
+ format.book.title.edition "title" output.warn
+ format.howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
+ format.organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+ format.address "address" bibinfo.check output
+ format.date output
+ format.note output
+ format.url output
+ fin.entry
+ if.url.std.interword.spacing
+}
+
+FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
+{ std.status.using.comma
+ start.entry
+ if.url.alt.interword.spacing
+ format.authors "author" output.warn
+ name.or.dash
+ format.article.title "title" output.warn
+ format.master.thesis.type output.nonnull
+ format.school "school" bibinfo.warn output
+ format.address "address" bibinfo.check output
+ format.date "year" output.warn
+ format.note output
+ format.url output
+ fin.entry
+ if.url.std.interword.spacing
+}
+
+FUNCTION {misc}
+{ std.status.using.comma
+ start.entry
+ if.url.alt.interword.spacing
+ format.authors output
+ name.or.dash
+ format.article.title output
+ format.howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
+ format.organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+ format.address "address" bibinfo.check output
+ format.pages output
+ format.date output
+ format.note output
+ format.url output
+ fin.entry
+ empty.entry.warn
+ if.url.std.interword.spacing
+}
+
+FUNCTION {patent}
+{ std.status.using.comma
+ start.entry
+ if.url.alt.interword.spacing
+ format.authors output
+ name.or.dash
+ format.article.title output
+ format.patent.nationality.type.number output
+ format.patent.date output
+ format.note output
+ format.url output
+ fin.entry
+ empty.entry.warn
+ if.url.std.interword.spacing
+}
+
+FUNCTION {periodical}
+{ std.status.using.comma
+ start.entry
+ if.url.alt.interword.spacing
+ format.editors output
+ name.or.dash
+ format.book.title "title" output.warn
+ format.series output
+ format.volume output
+ format.number output
+ format.organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+ format.date "year" output.warn
+ format.note output
+ format.url output
+ fin.entry
+ if.url.std.interword.spacing
+}
+
+FUNCTION {phdthesis}
+{ std.status.using.comma
+ start.entry
+ if.url.alt.interword.spacing
+ format.authors "author" output.warn
+ name.or.dash
+ format.article.title "title" output.warn
+ format.phd.thesis.type output.nonnull
+ format.school "school" bibinfo.warn output
+ format.address "address" bibinfo.check output
+ format.date "year" output.warn
+ format.note output
+ format.url output
+ fin.entry
+ if.url.std.interword.spacing
+}
+
+FUNCTION {proceedings}
+{ std.status.using.comma
+ start.entry
+ if.url.alt.interword.spacing
+ format.editors output
+ name.or.dash
+ format.book.title "title" output.warn
+ format.series output
+ format.volume output
+ format.number output
+ publisher empty$
+ { format.address.organization.date output }
+ { format.organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+ format.address.publisher.date output
+ }
+ if$
+ format.note output
+ format.url output
+ fin.entry
+ if.url.std.interword.spacing
+}
+
+FUNCTION {standard}
+{ std.status.using.comma
+ start.entry
+ if.url.alt.interword.spacing
+ format.authors output
+ name.or.dash
+ format.book.title "title" output.warn
+ format.howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
+ format.organization.institution.standard.type.number output
+ format.revision output
+ format.date output
+ format.note output
+ format.url output
+ fin.entry
+ if.url.std.interword.spacing
+}
+
+FUNCTION {techreport}
+{ std.status.using.comma
+ start.entry
+ if.url.alt.interword.spacing
+ format.authors "author" output.warn
+ name.or.dash
+ format.article.title "title" output.warn
+ format.howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
+ format.institution "institution" bibinfo.warn output
+ format.address "address" bibinfo.check output
+ format.tech.report.number output.nonnull
+ format.date "year" output.warn
+ format.note output
+ format.url output
+ fin.entry
+ if.url.std.interword.spacing
+}
+
+FUNCTION {unpublished}
+{ std.status.using.comma
+ start.entry
+ if.url.alt.interword.spacing
+ format.authors "author" output.warn
+ name.or.dash
+ format.article.title "title" output.warn
+ format.date output
+ format.note "note" output.warn
+ format.url output
+ fin.entry
+ if.url.std.interword.spacing
+}
+
+
+% The special entry type which provides the user interface to the
+% BST controls
+FUNCTION {IEEEtranBSTCTL}
+{ is.print.banners.to.terminal
+ { "** IEEEtran BST control entry " quote$ * cite$ * quote$ * " detected." *
+ top$
+ }
+ { skip$ }
+ if$
+ CTLuse_article_number
+ empty$
+ { skip$ }
+ { CTLuse_article_number
+ yes.no.to.int
+ 'is.use.number.for.article :=
+ }
+ if$
+ CTLuse_paper
+ empty$
+ { skip$ }
+ { CTLuse_paper
+ yes.no.to.int
+ 'is.use.paper :=
+ }
+ if$
+ CTLuse_forced_etal
+ empty$
+ { skip$ }
+ { CTLuse_forced_etal
+ yes.no.to.int
+ 'is.forced.et.al :=
+ }
+ if$
+ CTLmax_names_forced_etal
+ empty$
+ { skip$ }
+ { CTLmax_names_forced_etal
+ string.to.integer
+ 'max.num.names.before.forced.et.al :=
+ }
+ if$
+ CTLnames_show_etal
+ empty$
+ { skip$ }
+ { CTLnames_show_etal
+ string.to.integer
+ 'num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al :=
+ }
+ if$
+ CTLuse_alt_spacing
+ empty$
+ { skip$ }
+ { CTLuse_alt_spacing
+ yes.no.to.int
+ 'is.use.alt.interword.spacing :=
+ }
+ if$
+ CTLalt_stretch_factor
+ empty$
+ { skip$ }
+ { CTLalt_stretch_factor
+ 'ALTinterwordstretchfactor :=
+ "\renewcommand{\BIBentryALTinterwordstretchfactor}{"
+ ALTinterwordstretchfactor * "}" *
+ write$ newline$
+ }
+ if$
+ CTLdash_repeated_names
+ empty$
+ { skip$ }
+ { CTLdash_repeated_names
+ yes.no.to.int
+ 'is.dash.repeated.names :=
+ }
+ if$
+ CTLname_format_string
+ empty$
+ { skip$ }
+ { CTLname_format_string
+ 'name.format.string :=
+ }
+ if$
+ CTLname_latex_cmd
+ empty$
+ { skip$ }
+ { CTLname_latex_cmd
+ 'name.latex.cmd :=
+ }
+ if$
+ CTLname_url_prefix
+ missing$
+ { skip$ }
+ { CTLname_url_prefix
+ 'name.url.prefix :=
+ }
+ if$
+
+
+ num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al max.num.names.before.forced.et.al >
+ { "CTLnames_show_etal cannot be greater than CTLmax_names_forced_etal in " cite$ * warning$
+ max.num.names.before.forced.et.al 'num.names.shown.with.forced.et.al :=
+ }
+ { skip$ }
+ if$
+}
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% ENTRY ALIASES %%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+FUNCTION {conference}{inproceedings}
+FUNCTION {online}{electronic}
+FUNCTION {internet}{electronic}
+FUNCTION {webpage}{electronic}
+FUNCTION {www}{electronic}
+FUNCTION {default.type}{misc}
+
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% MAIN PROGRAM %%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+READ
+
+EXECUTE {initialize.controls}
+EXECUTE {initialize.status.constants}
+EXECUTE {banner.message}
+
+EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label}
+ITERATE {longest.label.pass}
+
+EXECUTE {begin.bib}
+ITERATE {call.type$}
+EXECUTE {end.bib}
+
+EXECUTE{completed.message}
+
+
+%% That's all folks, mds.
+
diff --git a/IEEEtran.cls b/IEEEtran.cls
index f3a8b5b..b5b2257 100644
--- a/IEEEtran.cls
+++ b/IEEEtran.cls
@@ -1650,7 +1650,7 @@
\def\listtablename{List of Tables}
\def\refname{References}
\def\indexname{Index}
-\def\figurename{Fig.}
+\def\figurename{Figure}
\def\tablename{TABLE}
\@IEEEcompsocconfonly{\def\figurename{Figure}\def\tablename{Table}}
\def\partname{Part}
@@ -3468,12 +3468,12 @@ between column types.}%
\@IEEEcompsoctitleabstractindextextbox{\@IEEEcompsoctitleabstractindextext}\par
\hfill\@IEEEcompsocdiamondline\hfill\hbox{}\par}}}\relax
\else% not a technote
- \vskip0.2em{\Huge\@IEEEcompsoconly{\sffamily}\@IEEEcompsocconfonly{\normalfont\normalsize\vskip 2\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip
- \bfseries\Large}\@title\par}\vskip1.0em\par%
+ \vskip0.2em{\Huge\@IEEEcompsoconly{\sffamily}\@IEEEcompsocconfonly{\normalfont\normalsize}\vskip 2\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip
+ \bfseries\Large\@title\par}\vskip1.0em\par%
% V1.6 handle \author differently if in conference mode
\ifCLASSOPTIONconference%
{\@IEEEspecialpapernotice\mbox{}\vskip\@IEEEauthorblockconfadjspace%
- \mbox{}\hfill\begin{@IEEEauthorhalign}\@author\end{@IEEEauthorhalign}\hfill\mbox{}\par}\relax
+ \mbox{}\hfill\begin{@IEEEauthorhalign}\@author\end{@IEEEauthorhalign}\hfill\mbox{}\vskip 2\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip\par}\relax
\else% peerreviewca, peerreview or journal
\ifCLASSOPTIONpeerreviewca
% peerreviewca handles author names just like conference mode
@@ -3730,7 +3730,7 @@ between column types.}%
% so that spacing is more tightly controlled.
\def\abstract{\normalfont
\if@twocolumn
- \par\@IEEEabskeysecsize\bfseries\leavevmode\kern-1pt\textit{\abstractname}---\relax
+ \par\noindent\@IEEEabskeysecsize\bfseries\leavevmode\kern-0pt\textit{\abstractname}---\relax
\else
\begin{center}\vspace{-1.78ex}\@IEEEabskeysecsize\textbf{\abstractname}\end{center}\quotation\@IEEEabskeysecsize
\fi\@IEEEgobbleleadPARNLSP}
@@ -3741,7 +3741,7 @@ between column types.}%
\def\IEEEkeywords{\normalfont
\if@twocolumn
- \@IEEEabskeysecsize\bfseries\leavevmode\kern-1pt\textit{\IEEEkeywordsname}---\relax
+ \@IEEEabskeysecsize\bfseries\leavevmode\kern-1pt\textit{\IEEEkeywordsname}-\relax
\else
\begin{center}\@IEEEabskeysecsize\textbf{\IEEEkeywordsname}\end{center}\quotation\@IEEEabskeysecsize
\fi\itshape\@IEEEgobbleleadPARNLSP}
@@ -4731,3 +4731,4 @@ Use \@IEEEbackslash #2 instead.}}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% End of IEEEtran.cls %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% That's all folks!
+
diff --git a/bare_conf.tex b/bare_conf.tex
index 80629a9..2a5e6c4 100644
--- a/bare_conf.tex
+++ b/bare_conf.tex
@@ -1,13 +1,17 @@
+
+
\documentclass[conference]{IEEEtran}
+
\ifCLASSINFOpdf
-
+
\else
-
+
\fi
\hyphenation{op-tical net-works semi-conduc-tor}
+
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage{epsfig}
\usepackage{calc}
@@ -35,31 +39,22 @@
\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.ps}
\DeclareGraphicsRule{.ps}{pdf}{.pdf}{`ps2pdf -dEPSCrop -dNOSAFER #1 \noexpand\OutputFile}
-\begin{document}
-%\title{ Coverage and Lifetime Optimization in Heterogeneous Energy Wireless Sensor Networks}
+\begin{document}
+%
+% paper title
+% can use linebreaks \\ within to get better formatting as desired
\title{Coverage and Lifetime Optimization in Heterogeneous Energy Wireless Sensor Networks}
-%Activity Scheduling for Coverage and Lifetime Optimization in Wireless Sensor Networks}
-% author names and affiliations
-% use a multiple column layout for up to three different
-% affiliations
\author{\IEEEauthorblockN{Ali Kadhum Idrees, Karine Deschinkel, Michel Salomon, and Rapha\"el Couturier}
-\IEEEauthorblockA{FEMTO-ST Institute, UMR 6174 CNRS \\
-University of Franche-Comt\'e \\
-Belfort, France \\
-Email: ali.idness@edu.univ-fcomte.fr, $\lbrace$karine.deschinkel, michel.salomon, raphael.couturier$\rbrace$@univ-fcomte.fr}
-%\email{\{ali.idness, karine.deschinkel, michel.salomon, raphael.couturier\}@univ-fcomte.fr}
-%\and
-%\IEEEauthorblockN{Homer Simpson}
-%\IEEEauthorblockA{FEMTO-ST Institute, UMR CNRS, University of Franche-Comte, Belfort, France}
-%\and
-%\IEEEauthorblockN{James Kirk\\ and Montgomery Scott}
-%\IEEEauthorblockA{FEMTO-ST Institute, UMR CNRS, University of Franche-Comte, Belfort, France}
-}
+\IEEEauthorblockA{FEMTO-ST Institute, UMR 6174 CNRS \\
+University of Franche-Comt\'e \\
+Belfort, France\\
+Email: ali.idness@edu.univ-fcomte.fr, $\lbrace$karine.deschinkel, michel.salomon, raphael.couturier$\rbrace$@univ-fcomte.fr}}
\maketitle
+
\begin{abstract}
One of the fundamental challenges in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)
is the coverage preservation and the extension of the network lifetime
@@ -85,6 +80,11 @@ Area Coverage, Network lifetime, Optimization, Scheduling, Distributed Protocol.
\IEEEpeerreviewmaketitle
+
+
+
+
+
\section{Introduction}
\noindent The fast developments in the low-cost sensor devices and wireless communications have allowed the emergence the WSNs. WSN includes a large number of small , limited-power sensors that can sense, process and transmit
@@ -119,6 +119,7 @@ simulation results obtained using the discrete event simulator OMNeT++ \cit
proposed approach. Finally, we give concluding remarks and some
suggestions for future works in Section~\ref{sec:conclusion}.
+
\section{Related works}
\label{rw}
@@ -363,6 +364,8 @@ sections.
decision is made by a leader in each subregion.
\end{itemize}
+
+
\section{Activity scheduling}
\label{pd}
@@ -974,10 +977,13 @@ difficult, but will reduce the communication overhead.
% use section* for acknowledgement
%\section*{Acknowledgment}
+
+
+
\bibliographystyle{IEEEtran}
\bibliography{bare_conf}
-% that's all folks
+
\end{document}
--
2.39.5