From: couturie <you@example.com>
Date: Tue, 5 Feb 2019 16:31:01 +0000 (+0100)
Subject: first
X-Git-Url: https://bilbo.iut-bm.univ-fcomte.fr/and/gitweb/book_chic.git/commitdiff_plain/5ce4850dc48c993f3a2031ecfa2efc112a71fc13?ds=sidebyside

first
---

diff --git a/acknow.tex b/acknow.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..379289e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acknow.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%acknow.tex%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% sample acknowledgement chapter
+%
+% Use this file as a template for your own input.
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Springer %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\extrachap{Acknowledgements}
+
+Use the template \emph{acknow.tex} together with the document class SVMono (monograph-type books) or SVMult (edited books) if you prefer to set your acknowledgement section as a separate chapter instead of including it as last part of your preface.
+
diff --git a/acknowlegement.tex b/acknowlegement.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..379289e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acknowlegement.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%acknow.tex%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% sample acknowledgement chapter
+%
+% Use this file as a template for your own input.
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Springer %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\extrachap{Acknowledgements}
+
+Use the template \emph{acknow.tex} together with the document class SVMono (monograph-type books) or SVMult (edited books) if you prefer to set your acknowledgement section as a separate chapter instead of including it as last part of your preface.
+
diff --git a/acronym.tex b/acronym.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d1567b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acronym.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%acronym.tex%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% sample list of acronyms
+%
+% Use this file as a template for your own input.
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Springer %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\extrachap{Acronyms}
+
+Use the template \emph{acronym.tex} together with the document class SVMono (monograph-type books) or SVMult (edited books) to style your list(s) of abbreviations or symbols.
+
+Lists of abbreviations\index{acronyms, list of}, symbols\index{symbols, list of} and the like are easily formatted with the help of the Springer-enhanced \verb|description| environment.
+
+\begin{description}[CABR]
+\item[ABC]{Spelled-out abbreviation and definition}
+\item[BABI]{Spelled-out abbreviation and definition}
+\item[CABR]{Spelled-out abbreviation and definition}
+\end{description}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/appendix.tex b/appendix.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7363c27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/appendix.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% appendix.tex %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%
+% sample appendix
+%
+% Use this file as a template for your own input.
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Springer-Verlag %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\appendix
+\motto{All's well that ends well}
+\chapter{Chapter Heading}
+\label{introA} % Always give a unique label
+% use \chaptermark{}
+% to alter or adjust the chapter heading in the running head
+
+Use the template \emph{appendix.tex} together with the Springer document class SVMono (monograph-type books) or SVMult (edited books) to style appendix of your book.
+
+
+\section{Section Heading}
+\label{sec:A1}
+% Always give a unique label
+% and use \ref{<label>} for cross-references
+% and \cite{<label>} for bibliographic references
+% use \sectionmark{}
+% to alter or adjust the section heading in the running head
+Instead of simply listing headings of different levels we recommend to let every heading be followed by at least a short passage of text. Furtheron please use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-references and citations.
+
+
+\subsection{Subsection Heading}
+\label{sec:A2}
+Instead of simply listing headings of different levels we recommend to let every heading be followed by at least a short passage of text. Furtheron please use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-references and citations as has already been described in Sect.~\ref{sec:A1}.
+
+For multiline equations we recommend to use the \verb|eqnarray| environment.
+\begin{eqnarray}
+\vec{a}\times\vec{b}=\vec{c} \nonumber\\
+\vec{a}\times\vec{b}=\vec{c}
+\label{eq:A01}
+\end{eqnarray}
+
+\subsubsection{Subsubsection Heading}
+Instead of simply listing headings of different levels we recommend to let every heading be followed by at least a short passage of text. Furtheron please use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-references and citations as has already been described in Sect.~\ref{sec:A2}.
+
+Please note that the first line of text that follows a heading is not indented, whereas the first lines of all subsequent paragraphs are.
+
+% For figures use
+%
+\begin{figure}[t]
+\sidecaption[t]
+%\centering
+% Use the relevant command for your figure-insertion program
+% to insert the figure file.
+% For example, with the option graphics use
+\includegraphics[scale=.65]{figure}
+%
+% If not, use
+%\picplace{5cm}{2cm} % Give the correct figure height and width in cm
+%
+\caption{Please write your figure caption here}
+\label{fig:A1}       % Give a unique label
+\end{figure}
+
+% For tables use
+%
+\begin{table}
+\caption{Please write your table caption here}
+\label{tab:A1}       % Give a unique label
+%
+% For LaTeX tables use
+%
+\begin{tabular}{p{2cm}p{2.4cm}p{2cm}p{4.9cm}}
+\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+Classes & Subclass & Length & Action Mechanism  \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+Translation & mRNA$^a$  & 22 (19--25) & Translation repression, mRNA cleavage\\
+Translation & mRNA cleavage & 21 & mRNA cleavage\\
+Translation & mRNA  & 21--22 & mRNA cleavage\\
+Translation & mRNA  & 24--26 & Histone and DNA Modification\\
+\noalign{\smallskip}\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+\end{tabular}
+$^a$ Table foot note (with superscript)
+\end{table}
+%
diff --git a/book.tex b/book.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a63de23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/book.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% book.tex %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%
+% sample root file for the chapters of your "monograph"
+%
+% Use this file as a template for your own input.
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Springer-Verlag %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+% RECOMMENDED %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\documentclass[graybox,envcountchap,sectrefs]{svmono}
+
+% choose options for [] as required from the list
+% in the Reference Guide
+
+%\usepackage{mathptmx}
+%\usepackage{helvet}
+%\usepackage{courier}
+%
+\usepackage{type1cm}
+\usepackage{caption}
+\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+
+\usepackage{makeidx}         % allows index generation
+\usepackage{graphicx}        % standard LaTeX graphics tool
+% when including figure files
+\graphicspath{{figures/}}
+\usepackage{multicol}        % used for the two-column index
+\usepackage[bottom]{footmisc}% places footnotes at page bottom
+
+\usepackage{newtxtext}       % 
+\usepackage{newtxmath}       % selects Times Roman as basic font
+
+% see the list of further useful packages
+% in the Reference Guide
+
+\makeindex             % used for the subject index
+                       % please use the style svind.ist with
+                       % your makeindex program
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\author{Author name(s)}
+\title{Book title}
+\subtitle{-- Monograph --}
+\maketitle
+
+\frontmatter%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\include{dedication}
+\include{foreword}
+\include{preface}
+\include{acknowlegement}
+
+\tableofcontents
+
+\include{acronym}
+
+
+\mainmatter%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\include{part}
+\include{chapter1}
+
+
+\include{references}
+
+%\include{chapter}
+%\include{appendix}
+
+\backmatter%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\include{glossary}
+\include{solutions}
+\printindex
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\end{document}
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/chapter.tex b/chapter.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..809c8d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapter.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% chapter.tex %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%
+% sample chapter
+%
+% Use this file as a template for your own input.
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Springer-Verlag %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%\motto{Use the template \emph{chapter.tex} to style the various elements of your chapter content.}
+\chapter{Chapter Heading}
+\label{intro} % Always give a unique label
+% use \chaptermark{}
+% to alter or adjust the chapter heading in the running head
+
+\abstract*{Each chapter should be preceded by an abstract (no more than 200 words) that summarizes the content. The abstract will appear \textit{online} at \url{www.SpringerLink.com} and be available with unrestricted access. This allows unregistered users to read the abstract as a teaser for the complete chapter.
+Please use the 'starred' version of the new \texttt{abstract} command for typesetting the text of the online abstracts (cf. source file of this chapter template \texttt{abstract}) and include them with the source files of your manuscript. Use the plain \texttt{abstract} command if the abstract is also to appear in the printed version of the book.}
+
+\abstract{Each chapter should be preceded by an abstract (no more than 200 words) that summarizes the content. The abstract will appear \textit{online} at \url{www.SpringerLink.com} and be available with unrestricted access. This allows unregistered users to read the abstract as a teaser for the complete chapter. \newline\indent
+Please use the 'starred' version of the new \texttt{abstract} command for typesetting the text of the online abstracts (cf. source file of this chapter template \texttt{abstract}) and include them with the source files of your manuscript. Use the plain \texttt{abstract} command if the abstract is also to appear in the printed version of the book.}
+
+\section{Section Heading}
+\label{sec:1}
+Use the template \emph{chapter.tex} together with the document class SVMono (monograph-type books) or SVMult (edited books) to style the various elements of your chapter content conformable to the Springer Nature layout.
+
+\section{Section Heading}
+\label{sec:2}
+% Always give a unique label
+% and use \ref{<label>} for cross-references
+% and \cite{<label>} for bibliographic references
+% use \sectionmark{}
+% to alter or adjust the section heading in the running head
+Instead of simply listing headings of different levels we recommend to let every heading be followed by at least a short passage of text. Furtheron please use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-references and citations.
+
+Please note that the first line of text that follows a heading is not indented, whereas the first lines of all subsequent paragraphs are.
+
+\eject
+
+Use the standard \verb|equation| environment to typeset your equations, e.g.
+%
+\begin{equation}
+a \times b = c\;,
+\end{equation}
+%
+however, for multiline equations we recommend to use the \verb|eqnarray| environment\footnote{In physics texts please activate the class option \texttt{vecphys} to depict your vectors in \textbf{\itshape boldface-italic} type - as is customary for a wide range of physical subjects.}.
+\begin{eqnarray}
+\left|\nabla U_{\alpha}^{\mu}(y)\right| &\le&\frac1{d-\alpha}\int
+\left|\nabla\frac1{|\xi-y|^{d-\alpha}}\right|\,d\mu(\xi) =
+\int \frac1{|\xi-y|^{d-\alpha+1}} \,d\mu(\xi)\qquad  \\
+&=&(d-\alpha+1) \int\limits_{d(y)}^\infty
+\frac{\mu(B(y,r))}{r^{d-\alpha+2}}\,dr \le (d-\alpha+1)
+\int\limits_{d(y)}^\infty \frac{r^{d-\alpha}}{r^{d-\alpha+2}}\,dr
+\label{eq:01}
+\end{eqnarray}
+
+\enlargethispage{24pt}
+
+\subsection{Subsection Heading}
+\label{subsec:2}
+Instead of simply listing headings of different levels we recommend to let every heading be followed by at least a short passage of text. Further on please use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-references\index{cross-references} and citations\index{citations} as has already been described in Sect.~\ref{sec:2}.
+
+\begin{quotation}
+Please do not use quotation marks when quoting texts! Simply use the \verb|quotation| environment -- it will automatically be rendered in the preferred layout.
+\end{quotation}
+
+
+\subsubsection{Subsubsection Heading}
+Instead of simply listing headings of different levels we recommend to let every heading be followed by at least a short passage of text. Furtheron please use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-references and citations as has already been described in Sect.~\ref{subsec:2}, see also Fig.~\ref{fig:1}\footnote{If you copy text passages, figures, or tables from other works, you must obtain \textit{permission} from the copyright holder (usually the original publisher). Please enclose the signed permission with the manucript. The sources\index{permission to print} must be acknowledged either in the captions, as footnotes or in a separate section of the book.}
+
+Please note that the first line of text that follows a heading is not indented, whereas the first lines of all subsequent paragraphs are.
+
+% For figures use
+%
+\begin{figure}[b]
+\sidecaption
+% Use the relevant command for your figure-insertion program
+% to insert the figure file.
+% For example, with the option graphics use
+\includegraphics[scale=.65]{figure}
+%
+% If not, use
+%\picplace{5cm}{2cm} % Give the correct figure height and width in cm
+%
+\caption{If the width of the figure is less than 7.8 cm use the \texttt{sidecapion} command to flush the caption on the left side of the page. If the figure is positioned at the top of the page, align the sidecaption with the top of the figure -- to achieve this you simply need to use the optional argument \texttt{[t]} with the \texttt{sidecaption} command}
+\label{fig:1}       % Give a unique label
+\end{figure}
+
+
+\paragraph{Paragraph Heading} %
+Instead of simply listing headings of different levels we recommend to let every heading be followed by at least a short passage of text. Furtheron please use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-references and citations as has already been described in Sect.~\ref{sec:2}.
+
+Please note that the first line of text that follows a heading is not indented, whereas the first lines of all subsequent paragraphs are.
+
+For typesetting numbered lists we recommend to use the \verb|enumerate| environment -- it will automatically render Springer's preferred layout.
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item{Livelihood and survival mobility are oftentimes coutcomes of uneven socioeconomic development.}
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item{Livelihood and survival mobility are oftentimes coutcomes of uneven socioeconomic development.}
+\item{Livelihood and survival mobility are oftentimes coutcomes of uneven socioeconomic development.}
+\end{enumerate}
+\item{Livelihood and survival mobility are oftentimes coutcomes of uneven socioeconomic development.}
+\end{enumerate}
+
+
+\subparagraph{Subparagraph Heading} In order to avoid simply listing headings of different levels we recommend to let every heading be followed by at least a short passage of text. Use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-references and citations as has already been described in Sect.~\ref{sec:2}, see also Fig.~\ref{fig:2}.
+
+Please note that the first line of text that follows a heading is not indented, whereas the first lines of all subsequent paragraphs are.
+
+For unnumbered list we recommend to use the \verb|itemize| environment -- it will automatically render Springer's preferred layout.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item{Livelihood and survival mobility are oftentimes coutcomes of uneven socioeconomic development, cf. Table~\ref{tab:1}.}
+\begin{itemize}
+\item{Livelihood and survival mobility are oftentimes coutcomes of uneven socioeconomic development.}
+\item{Livelihood and survival mobility are oftentimes coutcomes of uneven socioeconomic development.}
+\end{itemize}
+\item{Livelihood and survival mobility are oftentimes coutcomes of uneven socioeconomic development.}
+\end{itemize}
+
+\begin{figure}[t]
+\sidecaption[t]
+% Use the relevant command for your figure-insertion program
+% to insert the figure file.
+% For example, with the option graphics use
+\includegraphics[scale=.65]{figure}
+%
+% If not, use
+%\picplace{5cm}{2cm} % Give the correct figure height and width in cm
+%
+\caption{Please write your figure caption here}
+\label{fig:2}       % Give a unique label
+\end{figure}
+
+\runinhead{Run-in Heading Boldface Version} Use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-references and citations as has already been described in Sect.~\ref{sec:2}.
+
+\subruninhead{Run-in Heading Italic Version} Use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-refer\-ences and citations as has already been described in Sect.~\ref{sec:2}\index{paragraph}.
+
+\subsubruninhead{Run-in Heading Displayed Version} Use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-refer\-ences and citations as has already been described in Sect.~\ref{sec:2}\index{paragraph}.
+% Use the \index{} command to code your index words
+%
+% For tables use
+%
+\begin{table}
+\caption{Please write your table caption here}
+\label{tab:1}       % Give a unique label
+%
+% For LaTeX tables use
+%
+\begin{tabular}{p{2cm}p{2.4cm}p{2cm}p{4.9cm}}
+\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+Classes & Subclass & Length & Action Mechanism  \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}\svhline\noalign{\smallskip}
+Translation & mRNA$^a$  & 22 (19--25) & Translation repression, mRNA cleavage\\
+Translation & mRNA cleavage & 21 & mRNA cleavage\\
+Translation & mRNA  & 21--22 & mRNA cleavage\\
+Translation & mRNA  & 24--26 & Histone and DNA Modification\\
+\noalign{\smallskip}\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+\end{tabular}
+$^a$ Table foot note (with superscript)
+\end{table}
+%
+\section{Section Heading}
+\label{sec:3}
+% Always give a unique label
+% and use \ref{<label>} for cross-references
+% and \cite{<label>} for bibliographic references
+% use \sectionmark{}
+% to alter or adjust the section heading in the running head
+Instead of simply listing headings of different levels we recommend to let every heading be followed by at least a short passage of text. Furtheron please use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-references and citations as has already been described in Sect.~\ref{sec:2}.
+
+Please note that the first line of text that follows a heading is not indented, whereas the first lines of all subsequent paragraphs are.
+
+If you want to list definitions or the like we recommend to use the Springer-enhanced \verb|description| environment -- it will automatically render Springer's preferred layout.
+
+\begin{description}[Type 1]
+\item[Type 1]{That addresses central themes pertainng to migration, health, and disease. In Sect.~\ref{sec:1}, Wilson discusses the role of human migration in infectious disease distributions and patterns.}
+\item[Type 2]{That addresses central themes pertainng to migration, health, and disease. In Sect.~\ref{subsec:2}, Wilson discusses the role of human migration in infectious disease distributions and patterns.}
+\end{description}
+
+\subsection{Subsection Heading} %
+In order to avoid simply listing headings of different levels we recommend to let every heading be followed by at least a short passage of text. Use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-references and citations citations as has already been described in Sect.~\ref{sec:2}.
+
+Please note that the first line of text that follows a heading is not indented, whereas the first lines of all subsequent paragraphs are.
+
+\begin{svgraybox}
+If you want to emphasize complete paragraphs of texts we recommend to use the newly defined Springer class option \verb|graybox| and the newly defined environment \verb|svgraybox|. This will produce a 15 percent screened box 'behind' your text.
+
+If you want to emphasize complete paragraphs of texts we recommend to use the newly defined Springer class option and environment \verb|svgraybox|. This will produce a 15 percent screened box 'behind' your text.
+\end{svgraybox}
+
+
+\subsubsection{Subsubsection Heading}
+Instead of simply listing headings of different levels we recommend to let every heading be followed by at least a short passage of text. Furtheron please use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-references and citations as has already been described in Sect.~\ref{sec:2}.
+
+Please note that the first line of text that follows a heading is not indented, whereas the first lines of all subsequent paragraphs are.
+
+\begin{theorem}
+Theorem text goes here.
+\end{theorem}
+%
+% or
+%
+\begin{definition}
+Definition text goes here.
+\end{definition}
+
+\begin{proof}
+%\smartqed
+Proof text goes here.
+%\qed
+\end{proof}
+
+\paragraph{Paragraph Heading} %
+Instead of simply listing headings of different levels we recommend to let every heading be followed by at least a short passage of text. Furtheron please use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-references and citations as has already been described in Sect.~\ref{sec:2}.
+
+Note that the first line of text that follows a heading is not indented, whereas the first lines of all subsequent paragraphs are.
+%
+% For built-in environments use
+%
+\begin{theorem}
+Theorem text goes here.
+\end{theorem}
+%
+\begin{definition}
+Definition text goes here.
+\end{definition}
+%
+\begin{proof}
+%\smartqed
+Proof text goes here.
+%\qed
+\end{proof}
+%
+%
+\begin{trailer}{Trailer Head}
+If you want to emphasize complete paragraphs of texts in an \verb|Trailer Head| we recommend to
+use  \begin{verbatim}\begin{trailer}{Trailer Head}
+...
+\end{trailer}\end{verbatim}
+\end{trailer}
+%
+\begin{example}{Example}
+If you want to emphasize complete paragraphs of texts in an \verb|Example| we recommend to
+use  \begin{verbatim}\begin{example}{Example}
+...
+\end{example}\end{verbatim}
+\end{example}
+%
+\begin{question}{Questions}
+If you want to emphasize complete paragraphs of texts in an \verb|Questions| we recommend to
+use  \begin{verbatim}\begin{question}{Questions}
+...
+\end{question}\end{verbatim}
+\end{question}
+%
+\clearpage
+%
+\begin{important}{Important}
+If you want to emphasize complete paragraphs of texts in an \verb|Important| we recommend to
+use  \begin{verbatim}\begin{important}{Important}
+...
+\end{important}\end{verbatim}
+\end{important}
+%
+\begin{warning}{Attention}
+If you want to emphasize complete paragraphs of texts in an \verb|Attention| we recommend to
+use  \begin{verbatim}\begin{warning}{Attention}
+...
+\end{warning}\end{verbatim}
+\end{warning}
+
+\begin{programcode}{Program Code}
+If you want to emphasize complete paragraphs of texts in an \verb|Program Code| we recommend to
+use
+
+\verb|\begin{programcode}{Program Code}|
+
+\verb|\begin{verbatim}...\end{verbatim}|
+
+\verb|\end{programcode}|
+
+\end{programcode}
+%
+\begin{tips}{Tips}
+If you want to emphasize complete paragraphs of texts in an \verb|Tips| we recommend to
+use  \begin{verbatim}\begin{tips}{Tips}
+...
+\end{tips}\end{verbatim}
+\end{tips}
+%
+\clearpage
+%
+\begin{overview}{Overview}
+If you want to emphasize complete paragraphs of texts in an \verb|Overview| we recommend to
+use  \begin{verbatim}\begin{overview}{Overview}
+...
+\end{overview}\end{verbatim}
+\end{overview}
+\begin{backgroundinformation}{Background Information}
+If you want to emphasize complete paragraphs of texts in an \verb|Background|
+\verb|Information| we recommend to
+use
+
+\verb|\begin{backgroundinformation}{Background Information}|
+
+\verb|...|
+
+\verb|\end{backgroundinformation}|
+\end{backgroundinformation}
+\begin{legaltext}{Legal Text}
+If you want to emphasize complete paragraphs of texts in an \verb|Legal Text| we recommend to
+use  \begin{verbatim}\begin{legaltext}{Legal Text}
+...
+\end{legaltext}\end{verbatim}
+\end{legaltext}
+%
+\begin{acknowledgement}
+If you want to include acknowledgments of assistance and the like at the end of an individual chapter please use the \verb|acknowledgement| environment -- it will automatically render Springer's preferred layout.
+\end{acknowledgement}
+%
+\section*{Appendix}
+\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Appendix}
+%
+When placed at the end of a chapter or contribution (as opposed to at the end of the book), the numbering of tables, figures, and equations in the appendix section continues on from that in the main text. Hence please \textit{do not} use the \verb|appendix| command when writing an appendix at the end of your chapter or contribution. If there is only one the appendix is designated ``Appendix'', or ``Appendix 1'', or ``Appendix 2'', etc. if there is more than one.
+
+\begin{equation}
+a \times b = c
+\end{equation}
+% Problems or Exercises should be sorted chapterwise
+\section*{Problems}
+\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Problems}
+%
+% Use the following environment.
+% Don't forget to label each problem;
+% the label is needed for the solutions' environment
+\begin{prob}
+\label{prob1}
+A given problem or Excercise is described here. The
+problem is described here. The problem is described here.
+\end{prob}
+
+\begin{prob}
+\label{prob2}
+\textbf{Problem Heading}\\
+(a) The first part of the problem is described here.\\
+(b) The second part of the problem is described here.
+\end{prob}
+
+\input{references}
diff --git a/chapter1.tex b/chapter1.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..533d289
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapter1.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,859 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% chapter.tex %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%
+% sample chapter
+%
+% Use this file as a template for your own input.
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Springer-Verlag %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%\motto{Use the template \emph{chapter.tex} to style the various elements of your chapter content.}
+\chapter{Paradigmatic overview of Implicative Statistical Analysis.
+When? Why? How?}
+\label{intro} % Always give a unique label
+% use \chaptermark{}
+% to alter or adjust the chapter heading in the running head
+
+
+
+\abstract{This prologue first of all presents the origin of the fundamental situation in which the need to organize students' response behaviours to a mathematics test appeared, illustrating the a priori complexity of exercises. 
+Through a generative process, this led to the creation of an
+implication index between response items, to evaluate quasi-rules such
+as: "if a then generally b", then to representations of the partial
+preorder obtained between responses.
+The theory, called Statistical Implicative Analysis (SIA), was
+developed under the impetus of the various applications encountered,
+first by extending the nature of the behaviour variables to non-binary
+variables of various types, then to the notion and representation of
+rules of rules.
+Finally, a dual topological relationship was established between the
+subjects and the variables.
+This development is ongoing.
+It opens onto a vast space of paradigmatic research because it combines a set of problems to be studied and techniques specific to their study.}
+
+\section{Introduction}
+%\label{sec:1}
+Statistical Implicative Analysis (SIA) was created by Régis Gras,
+during his 66 years of service in the National Education system in
+France (from kindergarten to university). During these years, he had
+the opportunity to mix many ingredients into a jubilant and passionate
+set.
+With this 
+composition of the pot, he proposes to tell you the genesis, the history
+of the SIA, its purpose, its epistemological foundations, its
+developments, without going into the technical details, in short by
+appealing only to the common sense and intuition\footnote{Régis would like
+  to cite
+  M. Foucault in~\cite{Foucault} p. 103,
+  that can be translated in English as "... there is no true knowledge except by intuition, that is, by a singular act of pure and attentive intelligence, and by deduction, which links the evidence together".} of the reader. In
+fact, he would like to respect the advice of P. Valéry (Cahiers, II, La
+Pleiade, p. 823) who reproaches the mathematician for not showing "the
+origin of the choice of such an initial convention, which is more or
+less justified by its use and subsequently. And further on (translated
+in english): "... explain
+what you want, what you will do and by what means". And yet this is Régis' will.
+
+
+
+\section{Psycho-didactic problem}
+%\label{sec:2}
+During the 1970s, in France, as part of the Institutes of Research on
+Mathematics Teaching, Régis once again attended French secondary
+classes, particularly lower secondary classes (11 to 15 years old),
+after his teenage years.
+He conducted and evaluated a national pedagogical experience, while
+participating in the in-service training of adults and the research of
+teachers in these classes.
+He has therefore witnessed the learning difficulties of students, both
+young\footnote{Régis has even replaced teachers in each of the primary education levels.} and old, and sometimes the attempts to remedy the obstacles to
+the assimilation of the concepts taught in mathematics.
+Through missions carried out within the framework of French
+Cooperation in French-speaking Africa, the Middle East, Latin America
+and Canada; he noted that these obstacles were not always encountered
+by all students, but that some of these obstacles were recurrent and
+relatively shared.
+Their nature was didactic but also often epistemological, opposing or
+slowing down the acquisition of their knowledge\footnote{Régis would like
+  to cite
+  G. Bachelard in \cite{Bachelard} 
+  that can be translated in English as "It is in terms of obstacles that the problem of scientific knowledge must be raised".}.
+These regularities, these behavioural rules that exposed themselves,
+referred, as Lévi-Strauss says in~\cite{Levi-strauss}, chapter 1, to both natural and cultural
+processes, which it was a question of identifying, if possible
+anticipating, analysing, understanding and on which it was ultimately
+a question of acting.
+
+
+Régis could observe these learning problems both directly through the
+students' attitude or oral expression, but also through questionnaires
+or written assignments.
+Assuming that response attitudes or behaviours were generally
+identifiable by these methods, he had data consisting of traces left
+by the students.
+When solving mathematical exercises or problems, a certain hierarchy
+of difficulties segmented all the students interviewed and their
+answers.
+As the difficulty increased, the number of successes decreased, which
+may seem like a tautology: indeed, we can expect that any student who
+passes a test considered difficult, in a context that would be
+comparable, would succeed a fortiori in what was easy.
+What may {\bf surprise and challenge it} are the inconsistencies with this
+expectation.
+The idea that the difficulty a priori could be objectively defined by
+Régis practice and the students' supposed knowledge no longer held
+strictly as a predictor, even if it was most often respected.
+Also, it was the potentially stable and relatively predictable
+relationship between successes and failures, between response
+behaviours, that interested him rather than the success or failure of
+a given item.
+This is in line with the opinion of H. Poincaré who says "that
+mathematicians do not study objects but the relationships between
+objects".
+
+
+
+Hence the idea, in order to help teachers in the evaluation of a level
+of acquisition of a given mathematical concept and in a project to
+construct calibrated tests, to model presupposed levels of
+acquisition, in a {\bf taxonomy of cognitive objectives}.
+This one, like the one of Bloom (Bloom B. et al, "Taxonomie des objectifs
+pédagogique", Education Nouvelle, Volume 1, Domaine Cognitif, 1969),
+the best known and major tool in objective-based pedagogy, aimed to
+organize a priori, according to an order of increasing complexity\footnote{Régis temporarily confuses the two concepts: "difficulty" and "complexity" which, although comparable and related, fall into different fields, one subjective, the other objective. }
+after and through a task analysis, the control or appropriation of a
+concept (and not the moments of its learning).
+For example, an objective expressed in terms of the use of an
+algorithm would be considered less complex than an objective requiring
+the construction of a counter-example.
+A causal relationship would underlie this hypothesis: the cognitive
+tools of a higher objective would be sufficient to those mobilized by
+the student for a lower-level objective, such as a "consequence" or
+"effect" would be the result of a "cause".
+In other words: "solving a complex exercise" would imply "solving a
+less complex exercise" and its proven success would make it a {\bf good
+predictor}.
+
+
+Let us immediately note the difference between the information
+instilled by correlation, a tool of symmetrical statistical proximity,
+and the one whose function Régis refers to above, which is not
+symmetrical.
+Let us read again, for example, together a paragraph from E. Todd's
+book ("Où en sommes nous?", p. 148, Seuil, 2017), on his desk today
+(translated in english): ``through a cartographic approach, we observe
+the coincidence in Europe of 3 elements of social structure between
+1900 and 1930: the founding family, the Lutheran religion and a high
+educational level. However, we cannot stop at this point and decree,
+for example, that the family has fostered the emergence of
+Protestantism, which in turn has demanded that people learn to read.
+We need to imagine and describe more complex historical interactions.
+This is indeed what we are aiming for, in another situation, through taxonomy''. 
+
+With regard to a questionnaire composed of items specifying each of
+the cognitive objectives of taxonomy, in theory, one could have
+expected successes organized linearly according to the complexity a
+priori.
+Which, as Régis said, has not been observed.
+The presumed total order has been replaced by a {\bf partial preorder}, as
+defined by Piaget's differential stages of child development.
+We approach this question with more attention in chapters 10 and 11 of
+this book.
+The observation of this partial preorder indicates that students could
+in some cases and for some of them, succeed at an item considered
+difficult while failing at an item b considered easier.
+This is without calling into question the assertion that "generally
+success at a is accompanied by success at b" and without its
+reciprocal being necessarily true.
+Régis' interest will then focus on this type of non-symmetrical
+relationship, trying to weight, by an inductive operation, the quality
+of its approximate character and to organize if possible all the pairs
+of items variables at stake of this partial preorder\footnote{A preorder on a set E is a reflexive (all x of E is in relation to itself) and transitive (if x is in relation to y and y in relation to z then x is in relation to z) binary relationship.  It is partial if some elements are not linked to any other. This is the case, for example, of a preferential relationship.}.
+
+
+What {\bf statistical tools} were then available to Régis to qualify
+and quantify this non-symmetrical relationship between two items,
+i.e. two variables?
+A parametric test that is not symmetrical? but to refute what
+hypothesis? that the students who responded to $a$ also reponded to
+$b$? what to do with the refutation? put it away for further study?
+draw up a list of rejected or accepted cases? no, because of the
+absence of an overall structure expected from such a list.
+Use the link measurement between two variables based on their {\bf
+  correlation}?
+But this measure quantifies the quality of
+co-occurrences, the concomitance and is therefore symmetrical and
+therefore ineffective and inappropriate in this case.
+Use a {\bf
+  multidimensional data analysis method} to organize relationships
+into a whole?
+Régis had then collaborated with J.P. Benzecri~\cite{Benzecri} on {\bf Correspondence
+  Analysis (C.A.)} and I.C. Lerman~\cite{Lermanb} on {\bf hierarchical
+  classification} and, very often, taught and used their analysis
+methods.
+But their theoretical foundations are essentially {\bf symmetrical}.
+Régis' reservation regarding their methods was the same as for
+correlation.
+Moreover, emphasizing the fundamental difference in points of view, a
+set metaphor illuminated the difference and facilitated the intuitive
+understanding of the problem of the quasi-implication of the variable
+$a$ on the variable $b$.
+Here it is: among the population of subjects concerned by the study of
+involvement "if $a$ then a generally $b$", subset A of the subjects
+who satisfy $a$ is almost contained in subset B of the subjects who
+satisfy $b$.
+We know that if involvement is strict A is contained in B.
+There remained the {\bf Bayesian theory} which offers the means to
+calculate what is called the "causal probabilities".
+It is very effective but, with reservations because it seems to Régis
+to have less sensitivity to sample sizes (embarrassing in statistics)
+and somewhat overwhelms rare cases.
+Circumstances that SIA will avoid and that Yves Kodratoff~\cite{Kodratoff} has
+expressed through the research, which he considers necessary, "nuggets
+of knowledge".
+
+As an epistemological starting point, Régis therefore had to establish
+a measure, an {\bf index}, between 0 and 1 for example, capable of
+accounting for "deviance", the gap between {\bf prediction} and {\bf contingency},
+i.e. between what was expected from the order a
+priori\footnote{Translation in English of~\cite{Levy-Leblondb} p. 35 "Contrary to common opinion, the great affair of science is less the production of absolute and universal truths or the recognition of redhibitory errors, than the delimitation of the conditions for the validity of statements..."}  (A is
+included in B in the overall metaphor) and what was actually observed,
+namely a {\bf rule of quasi-implication} "{\bf if a then generally b}".
+The strategy he used at that time, in 1978, was to take into
+consideration the dissatisfaction with the involvement, which, as we
+know, is satisfied as soon as $a$ is true, $b$ is false (for example: "it
+is raining and I am not taking my umbrella").
+It is therefore the {\bf counter-examples} to the implicit rule "if $a$ then
+$b$" (for example, "if it rains then I take my umbrella"), to which my
+attention will be drawn.
+As Régis wished it an inductive virtue, he had to take into account
+the size of the populations concerned: total number of pupils, number
+of those who satisfy a and do not satisfy b.
+Moreover, without information on the population or on the existence of
+a relationship between the variables studied, he assumed that there
+was {\bf no a priori link} between them, as I.-C. did. Lerman (1981), as is
+common in non-parametric tests and as expressed by H. Atlan and
+B. d'Espagnat\footnote{Translated in English from \cite{Atlana} p.160
+  "...[in agreement with Jung] if the frequency of coincidences does
+  not significantly exceed the probability that they can be calculated
+  by attributing them solely to chance, excluding hidden causal
+  relationships, we certainly have no reason to suppose the existence
+  of such relationships". In \cite{Espagnat}, p. 186 ", Bernard would
+  speak of (translated in English) " influence in these terms: "Events A significantly influence events B if and only if the frequency with which events B take place is (significantly) different depending on whether or not events A are imposed to exist"}.
+The objective is, if possible, to preserve and qualify it by
+highlighting the low probability of derogation from the rule on
+statistical bases.
+A good illustration of the adage: "{\bf exception that proves the rule}". 
+
+\section{A statistical measure of quasi-implication. Associated representations}
+
+Let's move on. The strategy was therefore as follows: if the pass-fail
+variables, {\bf boolean} in this case, were random and independent,
+the number of random counter-examples to the quasi-implication rule
+would follow a certain probability law, definable on the basis of
+sample sizes.
+If the number of counter-examples expected with probability $p$ is
+greater than the number of counter-examples observed, the rule with a
+{\bf quality measure} $p$ reflecting the difference between what is expected
+and what is actually observed is accepted.
+This probability has been called {\bf implication intensity}, as such,
+it is identified with a probability scale, a property that other
+numerical indices such as the Guttman scale, Loevinger or Shapiro
+indices, for example, do not possess.
+It represents a kind of {\bf statistical astonishment}, and therefore
+of an anthropological nature\footnote{This is also what René Thom says
+  in~\cite{Thoma} p. 130  (translated in English):"...the problem is not to describe reality, the problem is much more to identify in it
+what makes sense to us, what is surprising in all the facts. If the
+facts do not surprise us, they do not bring any new element to the
+understanding of the universe: we might as well ignore them" and
+further on: "...which is not possible if we do not already have a
+theory" }, in the face of the small number of counter-examples
+  compared to those expected in the theory.
+  
+  
+
+Here is an illustration of its subjective nature (of common sense) and
+its relationship to the workforce at stake in the experience:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item on a set of 10 individuals, attributes $a$ and $b$ are checked
+  respectively 6 and 8 times, without counter-example to the rule "if
+  $a$ then $b$". This is logically acceptable; the frequency of b
+  knowing a is 1,
+\item on a set of 1,000 individuals, attributes $c$ and $d$ are
+  verified respectively 600 and 800 times, with only one
+  counter-example to the rule "if $c$ then $d$". The logical rule is
+  no longer acceptable since the frequency of $d$ knowing $c$ is no
+  longer equal to 1.
+\end{itemize}
+
+Which one would surprise you?
+To which would you give the best predictive quality?
+In the first case, the rule is strict but confidence in it is
+fragile.
+In the second case, it is the opposite, the astonishment is greater
+despite the lower value of the conditional frequency.
+This paradox relating to the acceptability of the rule is soluble in
+subjectivity.
+SIA will restore an objective component of it.
+It can be noted that the {\bf statistical concept of confidence} of the
+association rule $a\Rightarrow b$ (ratio of the frequency of $b$
+knowing $a$) does not coincide with the {\bf psychological
+  confidence}\footnote{Shapin in~\cite{Shapin} quote J. Locke "Before
+  approving or disapproving [trust], the mind determined to proceed rationally must consider all the motives of probability and see how they orient themselves, more or less in favour of or against a given proposal; and, by balancing the whole, reject or accept it with more or less firm agreement, i. e. on the predominance of one or other motive of probability on either side"} just
+mentioned, which weakens, if not somewhat discredits, the data mining
+methods based on the statistical acceptance of confidence.
+We will come back to this in the discussion of some of these methods
+(Chapter 2).
+
+Certainly, the intensity of implication is all the closer to 1 as the
+perceived quality of involvement is high.
+The relationship it establishes between variables is frequently
+expressed in terms of causality.
+But this causal explicability of a variable by one or more others
+(J.-M. Levy Leblond speaks of a "{\bf causal field}" in "Aux contraires")
+that the intensity of implication evaluates, is in no way
+{\bf deterministic}, it just brings {\bf predictability}.
+Moreover, it is not {\bf transitive} as we later formalised by the study of
+{\bf exception rules} where the rules $a \Rightarrow b$ and $b \Rightarrow
+c$ are not accompanied by the rule $a\Rightarrow c$ or if
+$a\Rightarrow c$ and $b\Rightarrow c$, the conjunction $a$ and $b$
+does not imply $c$. Nor is it a matter of {\bf probabilistic determinism} as
+it is often misinterpreted: if 0.95 is an intensity of implication of
+$a$ over $b$, this does not mean that $b$ is achieved with the
+probability 0.95 if $a$ is achieved.
+
+
+Thus, starting from the search for strict rules, respecting Platonic
+logic, Régis traded and looked for quasi-rules, no longer respecting
+formal logic because of its counter-examples.
+This approach illustrates -- we will return to it -- the way of
+thinking that we call dialectical\footnote{Régis would like to
+  quote~\cite{Seve}: "...dialectic only comes into play to examine and solve logical difficulties at a higher level"} because it accepts contradictions
+("the improbability of the false") and integrates them pragmatically,
+while enriching knowledge.
+We will return to this point in Chapter 13 by examining the specific
+nature of the SIA as formalizing a logic of everyday life into a
+so-called paracoherent logic.
+This one, stripped of the Aristotelian non-contradiction, nevertheless
+makes it possible to provide a formal tool of thought making {\bf
+the
+contingent  necessary}.
+This approach is similar to that of Greek Sophists (5th to 4th centuries A.D.) as we will see in chapter 13 of this book. 
+
+
+Suppose, therefore, that the intensity of implication for each pair of
+variables in the experimental situation is calculated.
+Of course, only the one relating to the couple leading to the greatest
+intensity of implication is retained for each pair.
+What to do with the table of all these values?
+How can we identify the main lines of force that would structure them,
+as a factorial experiment does?
+Having a set of evaluated binary relationships, Régis chose to
+represent it by a weighted and non-cyclical oriented graph, an image
+more easily apprehensible by the expert user of the field, for example
+didactics in its evaluation component, psychology, sociology,
+medicine, etc.
+In general, it is not reduced to a linear path since several "effects"
+can be associated with the same "cause" and an "effect" can be the
+result of several "causes".
+The problem of ontology representation is then compatible with this
+framework (work in collaboration with Jérôme David~\cite{Davida}).
+The following graph, called the implicative graph (Fig.~\ref{chap1fig1}), illustrates this situation. 
+
+\begin{figure}[htbp]
+  \centering
+\includegraphics[scale=1]{chap1fig1}
+ \caption{An example of implicative graph}
+\label{chap1fig1}       % Give a unique label
+\end{figure}
+
+
+The edge $c \rightarrow a$ represents the rule\footnote{
+     From now on, "rules" will mean both strict rules and
+     quasi-rules. We will only specify when there may be ambiguity or
+     to emphasize the specificity of quality.} "if the variable $c$ is
+chosen then generally the variable $a$ is also" i.e. $c \Rightarrow
+a$.
+Similarly, the chain $e \rightarrow c \rightarrow a$ is an implicative
+path.
+The expert then analyses and interprets the different paths in
+conceptual terms by giving meaning in his field of expertise to paths
+in the graph, to networks of paths as Marc Bailleul (ESPE\footnote{in
+  French Ecole Supérieure du Professorat et de l’Education, in English
+it can be translated in Higher School for Professor and Education.} of Caen)
+says, to an ascending-descending cone of a variable to the role of
+attractor that it plays (Fig.~\ref{chap1fig2} and~\ref{chap1fig3}), but also to the connections or their
+absence.
+The graph relating to the questionnaire constructed according to cognitive taxonomy has almost validated it by generally, and therefore not always, organizing in the expected preorder the 5 classes and the 20 or so subclasses of this taxonomy (see Chapter 2). 
+
+
+Here are two other examples of implicative graphs where the colors of
+the edges are associated with different levels of intensity of
+implication.
+Here, red edges mean a higher quality of implication than blue edges and themselves than green edges. 
+
+\begin{figure}[htbp]
+  \centering
+\includegraphics[scale=0.4]{chap1fig2}
+ \caption{A second example of an implicative graph}
+\label{chap1fig2}       % Give a unique label
+\end{figure}
+
+
+
+\begin{figure}[htbp]
+  \centering
+\includegraphics[scale=0.6]{chap1fig3}
+ \caption{An example of an implicative graph with the mode cone}
+\label{chap1fig3}       % Give a unique label
+\end{figure}
+
+
+
+Let us go further. In child development psychology according to
+Piaget, the notion of reflective abstraction describes the passage
+from a level of conceptualization to a higher level, each level
+consisting of rules about objects, then operations on these objects,
+then operations on these operations, etc... (e. g. diagrams,
+procedures, design, method,...).
+We find, moreover, in Darwinian theory of evolution, but also in any
+mathematical theory, these same expansions when we move from a theorem
+to a corollary such as, for example, in the study of functions to
+that, in functional analysis, of function functions.
+Hence the idea of building a second plan of implicit relations, that
+of rules of rules according to a hierarchy called cohesive because of
+the so-called cohesion index which makes it possible to generate
+classes oriented by such rules.
+Like some data analysis methods, the interest of moving, non-linearly,
+from the relational level to the hierarchy level appeared to Regis and
+his team therefore extended their work for rules to rules of rules or
+meta-rules or generalized rules.
+
+\begin{figure}[htbp]
+  \centering
+\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{chap1fig4}
+ \caption{Oriented hierarchy graph}
+\label{chap1fig4}       % Give a unique label
+\end{figure}
+
+
+
+The rule, illustrated in Fig.~\ref{chap1fig4}, can be expressed by the sentence: the
+"theorem" generally results in the "theorem".
+For example, from behavioural theorems, we can identify a trait or a
+conception (e.g. Dominique Lahanier-Reuter's~\cite{Lahanierb} conceptions of chance).
+A statistical index, cohesion, also makes it possible to identify the
+hierarchical levels corresponding to the statistical significance of
+the classes formed at these levels (in red in Fig.~\ref{chap1fig5}).
+We construct and detail the mathematical model that underlies the
+cohesive hierarchy in Chapter 3.
+
+
+\begin{figure}[htbp]
+  \centering
+\includegraphics[scale=0.3]{chap1fig5}
+ \caption{Another oriented hierarchy graph}
+\label{chap1fig5}       % Give a unique label
+\end{figure}
+
+
+\section{A detour into the philosophy of science}
+
+Through these two types of representations of simple rules and then
+generalized rules, which reveal two types of structures in all
+variables, we respond to the structuralist philosophy which considers
+that the "whole" is richer than the sum of its "parts".
+Régis quotes, on this subject, two excerpts from L. Sève's book
+(p. 58, translated in English)"...the whole consists of nothing other
+than its parts, and yet it presents, as a whole, properties that do
+not belong to any of its parts.
+In other words, in the non-additive, non-linear passage of the parts
+to the whole, there are properties that are in no way precontained in
+the parts and therefore cannot be explained by them" and to continue
+"Everything happens as if a spontaneous generation of properties of
+the whole occurs... This is the paradox of the emergence".
+
+
+Régis insists on this specific property of the SIA where the
+cohesive hierarchy satisfies in an original way through the extension
+of relationships between variables.
+It is through a qualitative leap, generally produced by a threshold
+effect in quantity (e.g. group psychology, water vaporization, etc.),
+that everything, at the cost of a synthesis, makes sense.
+This is extracted from the truly dialectical reading of the {\bf non-linear
+all/part ratio}\footnote{Régis would like to add that "as shown by the
+  non-linear differential equations of the fundamental index with
+  respect to the cardinal parameters of the observations, unlike what
+  is observable with other competing indices". He also would like to quote K. Mark~\cite{Marx} 
+"Society is not made up of individuals, but expresses the sum of the
+  relationships, the relationships in which these individuals are
+  situated in relation to each other". And finally we would like to
+  add that "A street is not the sum of the houses in it. Likewise a city is not the sum of its streets, etc."} (non-proportionality and non-additivity of the cause on
+the effect).
+With the SIA, there is then a paradox between opposites, link and
+absence of link, because the whole, constituted (one should say
+organized) of parts in a dynamic system, has properties that the parts
+do not possess and which are generally of higher level.
+In the same way, and metaphorically, in linguistics, the meaning of a
+sentence is not determined by the analysis of each of its words but by
+their interaction\footnote{Régis Gras would like to
+  quote~\cite{Gaudin} "There is neither additivity nor proportionality
+  between the meaning of the units (words) and that of the
+  sentence. We see a topology of meaning emerging" and "... the
+  isolated word of the Chinese language has in truth neither meaning
+  nor existence apart, each one receives its meaning only from the
+  word itself (from intonation, etc....), taken in isolation it has
+  ten, even forty meanings,...; if we subtract this word from the
+  totality, it gets lost in a hollow infinity. " from~\cite{Schelling}.}.
+
+
+The logic behind this all/parts relationship is dialectical (and not
+dichotomous) because it interactively reconciles contradictions: rule
+and non-rule, instability of a dynamic system and structural
+stability.
+It is based on the importance of the rarity of the counter-example and
+on the negation of entropy, disorder in the couple rule and non-rule.
+In this respect, dialectical logic is opposed to strict logic (of the
+mathematician) without, of course, being a paradox.
+The fertility and originality of the SIA are due to this character,
+particularly in the hierarchical analysis, which is clearly non-linear
+and where the whole is based on its meaning, not by adding the
+properties of its parts (subclasses) but by synthesizing the
+inferential interactions.
+
+It is through the notion of {\bf significant level} that we can highlight
+the phenomenon of {\bf emerging property}.
+In this sense, the SIA appears as a kind of avatar of non-linear
+knowledge learning, learning made of ruptures and dialectical
+reconstruction (e.g. the epistemology of G. Bachelard or Lev Vygotsky
+and Chapter 10 on conceptualization). Régis will come back to these
+properties of the SIA in the chapter devoted to paracoherent logic
+(chapter 13).
+In contrast to SIA, the all-part ratio would be {\bf linear} in the case
+of nesting classes as in clustering based on similarity up to its
+terminal node.
+
+
+
+
+From the first applications, in the didactics of mathematics and on
+human management problems, it appeared that the first index, the
+implication intensity, had a problem in its discrimination when the
+number of subjects increased.
+Hence the need, for this reason and to get as close as possible to the
+causal interpretation of the rules, to integrate into this intensity
+the information provided by the {\bf contraposed of implication}.
+Thus, not only will the measurement of implication take into account
+the relationship "if $a$ then generally $b$" but also, dialectically,
+its counterpart "{\bf if not $b$ then generally no $a$}"\footnote{ In
+  everyday life and in most scientific approaches, the causal
+  relationship between "cause $\rightarrow$ effect" is reinforced by observation "if no effect then no cause". This is how a so-called negative experiment is carried out, in which a presumed cause is removed in order to deduce from the lack of effect what is missing for it to occur. }.
+This new index is based on the notion of entropy, therefore
+information of experiences evaluating the two rules.
+This choice allows for more in-depth action to access "knowledge
+nuggets", rules that would be rejected or ignored by a method based on
+support and trust (the Agrawal algorithm \emph{a priori}~\cite{Agrawal} seems to be
+linear thinking).
+In Chapter 2, we will come back to another way of integrating
+intensity of involvement and trust while taking into account the
+contraposition.
+A brief aside: these different challenges to a system in formalized
+equilibrium, these readjustments, without questioning the fundamental
+philosophy, are always frustrating, even irritating for the researcher
+who must revisit his work.
+But isn't that what is expected of a scientist if not an attitude that
+leaves room for doubt, while demanding modesty, honesty and
+obstinacy.
+
+Although we seek relationships between variables through non-symmetric
+rules and these relationships can often be expressed in terms of
+causality, we do not claim, as Régis said earlier, that they are
+deterministic, but simply that they have the ability to allow
+quantifiable assumptions to be made about their predictability.
+
+
+\section{A software for SIA}
+
+
+When the number of subjects and variables increases, it is difficult
+to perform the associated calculations and especially to provide the
+two representations: graph and hierarchy.
+At first, both tasks were done by hand. Régis did it for his thesis
+with obstinacy in order to represent the links between 40 variables.
+Then, he wrote a first program in the Basic language that performed
+the calculations and built the {\bf hierarchy}.
+Imagine the excitement of the novice programmer that Régis was to see
+a hierarchy develop before his eyes, where the levels did not
+overlap.
+A doctoral student from I.C. Lerman -H.Rostam- in his turn built the
+{\bf implicative graph} using a more sophisticated program whose algorithm
+Régis had developed.
+Then, two of my doctoral students, Saddo Ag Almouloud~\cite{AgAlmouloud} and Harrisson
+Ratsimba-Rajohn~\cite{Ratsimba}, integrated the whole into a single software that we
+called {\bf Implicative Cohesive Hierarchy Classification} under the
+sympathetic acronym "{\bf C.H.I.C.}", called CHIC in the following. The acronym was chosen from the French
+meaning, in English the meaning is more debatable.
+Finally, since the late 1990s, Raphaël Couturier~\cite{Couturiera} has unified the
+complete processing of calculations and representations while
+continuously improving it due to the development of the underlying
+theory and the variety of applications.
+In particular, a CHIC option makes it possible to show the different
+possible predictors and descendants of a variable, but also to
+determine the optimal conjunction of these in the sense of their
+originality.
+The possibility of modifying the construction threshold of the
+implicit graph highlights the plasticity of the structure of all the
+variables, while dialectically reconciling the instability of a
+dynamic system with its structural stability.
+A first version written in R was presented by Raphaël Couturier at the
+ASI 8 symposium (Radès, Tunisia, November 2015), then in a more
+advanced state at the ASI 9 symposium (Belfort, France, October 2017).
+
+
+This software is operational throughout the world since 26 countries,
+mostly Greek-Latin, own and use it\footnote{ Currently, Pablo Gregori (Castellon) and Ruben Rodriguez (Riobamba) are working with Raphaël Couturier to translate CHIC into an open computer version under R.}.
+For research, as we can understand, it plays the dual role of
+{\bf developer and analyzer}.
+We will come back to these properties later.
+As a result, questions about the possibilities and limitations of ASI
+are emerging through general but also specific questions due to
+different traditions and cultures.
+In addition to the letter-writing link, they are strengthened through
+our international meetings on ASI, from ASI 1 (Caen) to ASI 7 (Sao
+Paulo) in 2013 and recently in 2015 in Tunisia and 2017 in Belfort.
+These are the questions that drive the theory and its tool towards
+continuous developments as we will see.
+To illustrate this, Régis will quote Anne Lauvergeon~\cite{Lauvergeon} "... when you produce,
+you also end up conceiving".
+Or as H. Atlan~\cite{Atlanb} (p. 110) writes  "...using beliefs first as
+practices can be more effective than focusing immediately on
+theoretical beliefs, explained in statements, which are already
+supposed to take the place of certain knowledge...".
+
+
+\section{Extension of the method to other variables}
+
+It is therefore through the different situations encountered that the
+limitation to binary variables, which served to give a set meaning to
+involvement, appeared constraining.
+The one who fired the first was Marc Bailleul~\cite{Bailleula} who wanted to look for
+ordered preference relationships between teachers' assertions.
+{\bf Modal variables} ("a little", "a lot", "not at all",...) had to be
+processed.
+He proposed a first index satisfying the expression measure of the
+type: "{\bf if for a the modality "a little" is chosen then generally for b
+a modality greater than or equal to this one is chosen}".
+In his thesis, Marc Bailleul obtained excellent results, some of which
+were unpredictable, with regard to 4 conceptions of mathematics
+teaching as seen by professors.
+We have used his study in several papers and in some chapters of the
+Proceedings of our various symposia on ASI.
+
+
+In order to proceed, with regard to the same problem, by extending the
+intensity of involvement between Boolean variables, with
+J.-B. Lagrange~\cite{Lagrange}, we then defined a new measure relating to {\bf
+  numerical variables} making it possible to assign a value to
+statements such as: "{\bf if $a = \alpha$ then generally $b \ge
+  \beta$}". Jean-Claude Régnier~\cite{Regniera}, for his part, reduced the problem of
+the search for relationships between preferences to that of {\bf rank
+  variables}, which provided another extension of the SIA.
+
+From there, following a question from E. Diday placed within the
+framework of {\bf symbolic variables} and by an extension of numerical
+variables, we assigned values to expressions "{\bf if $a$ takes its
+  values in the interval $I_a$ then generally $b$ takes its values in
+  $I_b$}".
+The main idea was to partition the range of values taken by each
+variable into sub-intervals maximizing their inter-class variance.
+The interest of this new category of variables, called {\bf
+  intervals}, was manifested in teaching, in comparing performance
+hierarchically in different disciplines and in seeking to transfer
+specific skills to other skills.
+
+
+We then see that of these {\bf interval variables} treated in
+collaboration with E. Diday and Pascale Kuntz~\cite{Grasj}, we naturally arrive at
+{\bf fuzzy variables} as we find them in the study of relationships of
+the type: "if the tension $a$ of a subject is rather high then
+generally his heart rate $b$ is too".
+We anticipate the practical applications that can result from this in
+construction problems or failure detection.
+Thanks to the collaboration of Fabrice Guillet, Maurice Bernardet,
+Raphaël Couturier, Filippo Spagnolo, this allowed Régis to model the
+notion of fuzzy variable in the context of interval variables and to
+make a presentation at a conference on fuzzy logic~\cite{Spagnolo}.
+
+A problem occurred one day in the implication processing of too large
+a set of variables to the point of making the resulting graphs
+unreadable. With Fabrice Guillet and Robin Gras~\cite{Grask}, we defined an
+equivalence relationship between the variables, based on their
+neighbouring implicit behaviours, which led to the substitution of a
+leading representative of this package for a package of variables.
+This {\bf reduction} has proved effective in many other situations, for
+example in Laurence Ndong's thesis~\cite{Ndonga}.
+
+A little stop to talk about the collaborations in the DUKe team, to
+ which Régis belongs in the Laboratory of Digital Sciences of Nantes
+ (LS2N), collaborations always based on epistemological choices in
+ response to semantic expectations.
+The explosion of a multitude of application or theoretical questions,
+still not symmetrical, has led to joint work undertaken since 1990
+with some members of the DUKe team: Régis will mention for example,
+with Pascale Kuntz~\cite{Graso} on {\bf rule hierarchies} (ah! the demonstration of the
+ultrametric of the hierarchy! the algebraic model of hierarchy !),
+on {\bf exception rules} with Einoshin Suzuki~\cite{Grasr}, {\bf rule redundancy} still with
+Pascale, with Julien Blanchard on {\bf entropic analysis}, {\bf temporal
+variables, gene expression in bioinformatics} with Gérard Ramstein~\cite{Ramstein},
+etc...
+
+For example, how did the need for time variables become apparent?
+Well, to account for the changing relationships between economic,
+social or cognitive variables.
+Indeed, can we explain in teaching, the involvement between variables
+when we proceed to interventions during the year on learning or in
+socio-psychology by successive interventions, by interviews or by
+internships (in collaboration with D. Pasquier)?
+We then formalized these time-indexed variables into {\bf vector variables},
+where a variable is modeled by a time-set vector.
+Then, Julien Blanchard, in collaboration with Fabrice Guillet and
+Régis, defined {\bf sequential variables} modelled by a Poisson process in a
+different way.
+So many new concepts and new fields of application born of various
+problems and expected extensions.
+
+{\bf Generalized extensions} of the SIA have recently been introduced:
+\begin{itemize}
+  \item
+On the one hand, to a continuous set of subjects, for example colours,
+opinions, with a given distribution law, generalization since until
+then the model was limited to discrete and finite sets;
+\item
+On the other hand, to all the values of different types of variables, taken in continuous spaces, for example fields, with given laws;
+\item
+  Finally, in this book, we present an extension to continuous variables, which represents a major theoretical advance in data analysis.
+\end{itemize}
+
+Régis insists on a remark likely to satisfy any Cartesian mind: during
+each extension (nature of the variables, structure of the subject and
+variable spaces), we have tried to prove and we believe that {\bf the
+restriction to the fundamental case of binary variables and discrete
+spaces was always satisfied}.
+The mathematical interlocking is original and rigorous.
+
+
+\section{Explanatory role of additional variables}
+
+Another question bothered Régis very early on.
+Is there an internal structure in the population of subjects involved
+in a study that would explain the variable structure revealed by the
+ASI?
+Assuming an implicit variable structure obtained by a graph or
+hierarchy, is it possible to designate the subjects and categories of
+subjects more or less responsible for the elements of these
+structures?
+For example, if we observe that in all school classes a certain
+conception of geometric notions leads to certain response behaviours,
+to which type of pupils, to which type of didactic variable, to which
+context can it be more specifically attributed?
+Conversely, which students would be resistant to it?
+With the theses of Harrisson Ratsimba-Rajohn and Marc Bailleul, we
+have formalized and exploited, in the SIA, the notion of the
+additional variable (or {\bf exogenous} as opposed to the {\bf endogenous}
+variables analysed) and its {\bf contribution} (we also speak of {\bf typicality})
+to structural elements, {\bf networks} or hierarchical classes of rules for
+example, semantically explained during a previous analysis.
+Even better, we were able to retroactively define a {\bf dual topological
+structure} on all subjects.
+Thus, for example, an "emblematic conception of the republican school"
+is reinforced in a privileged school environment where the distance
+inferred between pupils by an element of the rule structures is the
+lowest (work with Dominique Lahanier-Reuter. 
+
+But since Régis have cited throughout the pages the contributions and
+the role of collaborators as spurs for the development of SIA, he must
+highlight the critical, scratchy but constructive role that
+Jean-Claude Régnier plays both with regard to theory and its
+applications and with regard to dissemination, the popularization of
+SIA since he has taken over the presidency of the international SIA
+events.
+How many slips of the tongue, mistakes, clumsiness, excessive haste on
+my part, Pascale Kuntz and Jean-Claude Régnier have straightened it
+out! Nor do Régis forget the faithful dedication and computer skills
+of Raphaël Couturier, without whom the SIA, deprived of CHIC, and now
+of RCHIC, would only be a theoretical and perhaps speculative
+construction to contemplate.
+He has overcome, with CHIC, Régis' handicap in computer science as
+Pascale Kuntz has kindly done for English.
+I am also concerned that this last failure has cost the ASI a better
+international audience.
+However, other international teams are also involved in the
+development and application work of the SIA using CHIC software.
+Régis quote, in particular, given their regularity of participation:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item 
+actively led by Pilar Orus (University of Castellon in Spain), a
+diversity of Hispanic nuclei in Spain (Pablo Gregori, Eduardo Lacasta,
+Miguel Wilhelmi, ...), Cuba (Larisa Zamora,...), Chile
+(Guzman-Retamal,...); Argentina (Pablo Carranza,...), Ecuador (Ruben
+Pazmiño) have created permanent links;
+\item in Italy, the recently deceased Filippo Spagnolo had created a
+  team that is now closing in on Benedetto Di Paola;
+\item in Brazil, around Saddo Ag Almouloud, Vladimir Andrade and
+    thanks to the strengthening provided by agreements with
+    Jean-Claude Régnier and Lyon II University;
+\item in Cyprus around Athanasios Gagatsis, in Slovakia with Lucia
+  Rumanova,
+\item more episodically, researchers from Belgium, Switzerland,
+  Germany, Greece, Romania, Czech Republic, Japan, Vietnam, Canada,
+  Mexico, Argentina, Gabon, Tunisia, Algeria; and Régis
+  forget, use SIA's method and tool.
+\end{itemize}
+
+
+\section{Specificities of the SIA and conclusion}
+SIA compared and measured with other data analysis methods, has
+important original characteristics. Régis summarize them:  
+\begin{itemize}
+\item
+ the {\bf successive models} of variables responding to explicit
+ epistemological constraints compatible with the semantics of the
+ situations to be modeled;
+\item
+  the {\bf asymmetry} of the method;
+\item
+the progressive {\bf extension} of the nature of the treated variables while
+maintaining the extension properties;
+\item
+the {\bf pedagogical and ergonomic capacities} of the representations of two
+structures on all variables: a graph for the rules, a hierarchy for
+the generalized rules;
+\item
+the {\bf structural duality} of the two spaces at stake: subjects and
+variables with the notions of contribution and typicality to the
+structures;
+\item 
+the {\bf extension of the finite discrete to continuous} for both variables
+and subjects;
+\item
+the {\bf originality of the dialectical reasoning} underlying the definition
+of simple and generalized rules;
+\item 
+the {\bf simplicity of the underlying mathematical model} ensuring
+accessibility, plasticity and fertility useful to meet application
+expectations in a wide range of fields.
+\end{itemize}
+
+Some may say that SIA, by the amplitude of its fields of application,
+by the homogeneity of its analytical and graphic properties, presents
+an original {\bf paradigmatic nature}.
+Should we recognize him? Djamel Zighed, Director of Digital at the
+Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie, expresses this idea as
+follows: "The SIA is not a method but a broad theoretical framework in
+which modern problems of knowledge extraction from data are
+addressed. It is a general theory in the field of causality because it
+responds to weaknesses in other theories, it provides formal tools and
+practical problem-solving methods. Its applications are multiple... ».
+Régis would add that SIA represents a true philosophical mode of
+thought since, as its title says, it draws its source from the
+improbability of errors, the improbability of the false, to establish
+the bridge that allows us to overcome contingency and lead to
+necessity.
+
diff --git a/dedic.tex b/dedic.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..222788c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dedic.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% dedic.tex %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%
+% sample dedication
+%
+% Use this file as a template for your own input.
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Springer %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\begin{dedication}
+Use the template \emph{dedic.tex} together with the Springer document class SVMono for monograph-type books or SVMult for contributed volumes to style a quotation or a dedication\index{dedication} at the very beginning of your book
+\end{dedication}
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/dedication.tex b/dedication.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..222788c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dedication.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% dedic.tex %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%
+% sample dedication
+%
+% Use this file as a template for your own input.
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Springer %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\begin{dedication}
+Use the template \emph{dedic.tex} together with the Springer document class SVMono for monograph-type books or SVMult for contributed volumes to style a quotation or a dedication\index{dedication} at the very beginning of your book
+\end{dedication}
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/figures/chap1fig1.png b/figures/chap1fig1.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76d769b
Binary files /dev/null and b/figures/chap1fig1.png differ
diff --git a/figures/chap1fig2.png b/figures/chap1fig2.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eaa6259
Binary files /dev/null and b/figures/chap1fig2.png differ
diff --git a/figures/chap1fig3.png b/figures/chap1fig3.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..93cfe47
Binary files /dev/null and b/figures/chap1fig3.png differ
diff --git a/figures/chap1fig4.png b/figures/chap1fig4.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7736285
Binary files /dev/null and b/figures/chap1fig4.png differ
diff --git a/figures/chap1fig5.png b/figures/chap1fig5.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9524a3b
Binary files /dev/null and b/figures/chap1fig5.png differ
diff --git a/foreword.tex b/foreword.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..834f7a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/foreword.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%foreword.tex%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% sample foreword
+%
+% Use this file as a template for your own input.
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Springer %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\foreword
+
+%% Please have the foreword written here
+Use the template \textit{foreword.tex} together with the document class SVMono (monograph-type books) or SVMult (edited books) to style your foreword\index{foreword}. 
+
+The foreword covers introductory remarks preceding the text of a book that are written by a \textit{person other than the author or editor} of the book. If applicable, the foreword precedes the preface which is written by the author or editor of the book.
+
+
+\vspace{\baselineskip}
+\begin{flushright}\noindent
+Place, month year\hfill {\it Firstname  Surname}\\
+\end{flushright}
+
+
diff --git a/glossary.tex b/glossary.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f01a951
--- /dev/null
+++ b/glossary.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%acronym.tex%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% sample list of acronyms
+%
+% Use this file as a template for your own input.
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Springer %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\Extrachap{Glossary}
+
+
+Use the template \emph{glossary.tex} together with the Springer document class SVMono (monograph-type books) or SVMult (edited books) to style your glossary\index{glossary} in the Springer layout.
+
+
+\runinhead{glossary term} Write here the description of the glossary term. Write here the description of the glossary term. Write here the description of the glossary term.
+
+\runinhead{glossary term} Write here the description of the glossary term. Write here the description of the glossary term. Write here the description of the glossary term.
+
+\runinhead{glossary term} Write here the description of the glossary term. Write here the description of the glossary term. Write here the description of the glossary term.
+
+\runinhead{glossary term} Write here the description of the glossary term. Write here the description of the glossary term. Write here the description of the glossary term.
+
+\runinhead{glossary term} Write here the description of the glossary term. Write here the description of the glossary term. Write here the description of the glossary term.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/part.tex b/part.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ee2813
--- /dev/null
+++ b/part.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%part.tex%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% 
+% sample part title
+%
+% Use this file as a template for your own input.
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Springer %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\begin{partbacktext}
+\part{Part Title}
+\noindent Use the template \emph{part.tex} together with the document class SVMono (monograph-type books) or SVMult (edited books) to style your part title page and, if desired, a short introductory text (maximum one page) on its verso page.
+
+\end{partbacktext}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/preface.tex b/preface.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d89e2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/preface.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%preface.tex%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% sample preface
+%
+% Use this file as a template for your own input.
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Springer %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\preface
+
+%% Please write your preface here
+Use the template \emph{preface.tex} together with the document class SVMono (monograph-type books) or SVMult (edited books) to style your preface.
+
+A preface\index{preface} is a book's preliminary statement, usually written by the \textit{author or editor} of a work, which states its origin, scope, purpose, plan, and intended audience, and which sometimes includes afterthoughts and acknowledgments of assistance. 
+
+When written by a person other than the author, it is called a foreword. The preface or foreword is distinct from the introduction, which deals with the subject of the work.
+
+Customarily \textit{acknowledgments} are included as last part of the preface.
+ 
+
+\vspace{\baselineskip}
+\begin{flushright}\noindent
+Place(s),\hfill {\it Firstname  Surname}\\
+month year\hfill {\it Firstname  Surname}\\
+\end{flushright}
+
+
diff --git a/referenc.tex b/referenc.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38cd609
--- /dev/null
+++ b/referenc.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% referenc.tex %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% sample references
+% %
+% Use this file as a template for your own input.
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Springer-Verlag %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%
+% BibTeX users please use
+% \bibliographystyle{}
+% \bibliography{}
+%
+\biblstarthook{In view of the parallel print and (chapter-wise) online publication of your book at \url{www.springerlink.com} it has been decided that -- as a genreral rule --  references should be sorted chapter-wise and placed at the end of the individual chapters. However, upon agreement with your contact at Springer you may list your references in a single seperate chapter at the end of your book. Deactivate the class option \texttt{sectrefs} and the \texttt{thebibliography} environment will be put out as a chapter of its own.\\\indent
+References may be \textit{cited} in the text either by number (preferred) or by author/year.\footnote{Make sure that all references from the list are cited in the text. Those not cited should be moved to a separate \textit{Further Reading} section or chapter.} The reference list should ideally be \textit{sorted} in alphabetical order -- even if reference numbers are used for the their citation in the text. If there are several works by the same author, the following order should be used: 
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item all works by the author alone, ordered chronologically by year of publication
+\item all works by the author with a coauthor, ordered alphabetically by coauthor
+\item all works by the author with several coauthors, ordered chronologically by year of publication.
+\end{enumerate}
+The \textit{styling} of references\footnote{Always use the standard abbreviation of a journal's name according to the ISSN \textit{List of Title Word Abbreviations}, see \url{http://www.issn.org/en/node/344}} depends on the subject of your book:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item The \textit{two} recommended styles for references in books on \textit{mathematical, physical, statistical and computer sciences} are depicted in ~\cite{science-contrib, science-online, science-mono, science-journal, science-DOI} and ~\cite{phys-online, phys-mono, phys-journal, phys-DOI, phys-contrib}.
+\item Examples of the most commonly used reference style in books on \textit{Psychology, Social Sciences} are~\cite{psysoc-mono, psysoc-online,psysoc-journal, psysoc-contrib, psysoc-DOI}.
+\item Examples for references in books on \textit{Humanities, Linguistics, Philosophy} are~\cite{humlinphil-journal, humlinphil-contrib, humlinphil-mono, humlinphil-online, humlinphil-DOI}.
+\item Examples of the basic Springer style used in publications on a wide range of subjects such as \textit{Computer Science, Economics, Engineering, Geosciences, Life Sciences, Medicine, Biomedicine} are ~\cite{basic-contrib, basic-online, basic-journal, basic-DOI, basic-mono}. 
+\end{itemize}
+}
+
+\begin{thebibliography}{99.}%
+% and use \bibitem to create references.
+%
+% Use the following syntax and markup for your references if 
+% the subject of your book is from the field 
+% "Mathematics, Physics, Statistics, Computer Science"
+%
+% Contribution 
+\bibitem{science-contrib} Broy, M.: Software engineering --- from auxiliary to key technologies. In: Broy, M., Dener, E. (eds.) Software Pioneers, pp. 10-13. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
+%
+% Online Document
+\bibitem{science-online} Dod, J.: Effective substances. In: The Dictionary of Substances and Their Effects. Royal Society of Chemistry (1999) Available via DIALOG. \\
+\url{http://www.rsc.org/dose/title of subordinate document. Cited 15 Jan 1999}
+%
+% Monograph
+\bibitem{science-mono} Geddes, K.O., Czapor, S.R., Labahn, G.: Algorithms for Computer Algebra. Kluwer, Boston (1992) 
+%
+% Journal article
+\bibitem{science-journal} Hamburger, C.: Quasimonotonicity, regularity and duality for nonlinear systems of partial differential equations. Ann. Mat. Pura. Appl. \textbf{169}, 321--354 (1995)
+%
+% Journal article by DOI
+\bibitem{science-DOI} Slifka, M.K., Whitton, J.L.: Clinical implications of dysregulated cytokine production. J. Mol. Med. (2000) doi: 10.1007/s001090000086 
+%
+\bigskip
+
+% Use the following (APS) syntax and markup for your references if 
+% the subject of your book is from the field 
+% "Mathematics, Physics, Statistics, Computer Science"
+%
+% Online Document
+\bibitem{phys-online} J. Dod, in \textit{The Dictionary of Substances and Their Effects}, Royal Society of Chemistry. (Available via DIALOG, 1999), 
+\url{http://www.rsc.org/dose/title of subordinate document. Cited 15 Jan 1999}
+%
+% Monograph
+\bibitem{phys-mono} H. Ibach, H. L\"uth, \textit{Solid-State Physics}, 2nd edn. (Springer, New York, 1996), pp. 45-56 
+%
+% Journal article
+\bibitem{phys-journal} S. Preuss, A. Demchuk Jr., M. Stuke, Appl. Phys. A \textbf{61}
+%
+% Journal article by DOI
+\bibitem{phys-DOI} M.K. Slifka, J.L. Whitton, J. Mol. Med., doi: 10.1007/s001090000086
+%
+% Contribution 
+\bibitem{phys-contrib} S.E. Smith, in \textit{Neuromuscular Junction}, ed. by E. Zaimis. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 42 (Springer, Heidelberg, 1976), p. 593
+%
+\bigskip
+%
+% Use the following syntax and markup for your references if 
+% the subject of your book is from the field 
+% "Psychology, Social Sciences"
+%
+%
+% Monograph
+\bibitem{psysoc-mono} Calfee, R.~C., \& Valencia, R.~R. (1991). \textit{APA guide to preparing manuscripts for journal publication.} Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
+%
+% Online Document
+\bibitem{psysoc-online} Dod, J. (1999). Effective substances. In: The dictionary of substances and their effects. Royal Society of Chemistry. Available via DIALOG. \\
+\url{http://www.rsc.org/dose/Effective substances.} Cited 15 Jan 1999.
+%
+% Journal article
+\bibitem{psysoc-journal} Harris, M., Karper, E., Stacks, G., Hoffman, D., DeNiro, R., Cruz, P., et al. (2001). Writing labs and the Hollywood connection. \textit{J Film} Writing, 44(3), 213--245.
+%
+% Contribution 
+\bibitem{psysoc-contrib} O'Neil, J.~M., \& Egan, J. (1992). Men's and women's gender role journeys: Metaphor for healing, transition, and transformation. In B.~R. Wainrig (Ed.), \textit{Gender issues across the life cycle} (pp. 107--123). New York: Springer.
+%
+% Journal article by DOI
+\bibitem{psysoc-DOI}Kreger, M., Brindis, C.D., Manuel, D.M., Sassoubre, L. (2007). Lessons learned in systems change initiatives: benchmarks and indicators. \textit{American Journal of Community Psychology}, doi: 10.1007/s10464-007-9108-14.
+%
+%
+% Use the following syntax and markup for your references if 
+% the subject of your book is from the field 
+% "Humanities, Linguistics, Philosophy"
+%
+\bigskip
+%
+% Journal article
+\bibitem{humlinphil-journal} Alber John, Daniel C. O'Connell, and Sabine Kowal. 2002. Personal perspective in TV interviews. \textit{Pragmatics} 12:257--271
+%
+% Contribution 
+\bibitem{humlinphil-contrib} Cameron, Deborah. 1997. Theoretical debates in feminist linguistics: Questions of sex and gender. In \textit{Gender and discourse}, ed. Ruth Wodak, 99--119. London: Sage Publications.
+%
+% Monograph
+\bibitem{humlinphil-mono} Cameron, Deborah. 1985. \textit{Feminism and linguistic theory.} New York: St. Martin's Press.
+%
+% Online Document
+\bibitem{humlinphil-online} Dod, Jake. 1999. Effective substances. In: The dictionary of substances and their effects. Royal Society of Chemistry. Available via DIALOG. \\
+http://www.rsc.org/dose/title of subordinate document. Cited 15 Jan 1999
+%
+% Journal article by DOI
+\bibitem{humlinphil-DOI} Suleiman, Camelia, Daniel C. O'Connell, and Sabine Kowal. 2002. `If you and I, if we, in this later day, lose that sacred fire...': Perspective in political interviews. \textit{Journal of Psycholinguistic Research}. doi: 10.1023/A:1015592129296.
+%
+%
+%
+\bigskip
+%
+%
+% Use the following syntax and markup for your references if 
+% the subject of your book is from the field 
+% "Computer Science, Economics, Engineering, Geosciences, Life Sciences"
+%
+%
+% Contribution 
+\bibitem{basic-contrib} Brown B, Aaron M (2001) The politics of nature. In: Smith J (ed) The rise of modern genomics, 3rd edn. Wiley, New York 
+%
+% Online Document
+\bibitem{basic-online} Dod J (1999) Effective Substances. In: The dictionary of substances and their effects. Royal Society of Chemistry. Available via DIALOG. \\
+\url{http://www.rsc.org/dose/title of subordinate document. Cited 15 Jan 1999}
+%
+% Journal article by DOI
+\bibitem{basic-DOI} Slifka MK, Whitton JL (2000) Clinical implications of dysregulated cytokine production. J Mol Med, doi: 10.1007/s001090000086
+%
+% Journal article
+\bibitem{basic-journal} Smith J, Jones M Jr, Houghton L et al (1999) Future of health insurance. N Engl J Med 965:325--329
+%
+% Monograph
+\bibitem{basic-mono} South J, Blass B (2001) The future of modern genomics. Blackwell, London 
+%
+\end{thebibliography}
diff --git a/references.tex b/references.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46247e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/references.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% referenc.tex %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% sample references
+% %
+% Use this file as a template for your own input.
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Springer-Verlag %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%
+% BibTeX users please use
+% \bibliographystyle{}
+% \bibliography{}
+%
+%% \biblstarthook{In view of the parallel print and (chapter-wise) online publication of your book at \url{www.springerlink.com} it has been decided that -- as a genreral rule --  references should be sorted chapter-wise and placed at the end of the individual chapters. However, upon agreement with your contact at Springer you may list your references in a single seperate chapter at the end of your book. Deactivate the class option \texttt{sectrefs} and the \texttt{thebibliography} environment will be put out as a chapter of its own.\\\indent
+%% References may be \textit{cited} in the text either by number (preferred) or by author/year.\footnote{Make sure that all references from the list are cited in the text. Those not cited should be moved to a separate \textit{Further Reading} section or chapter.} The reference list should ideally be \textit{sorted} in alphabetical order -- even if reference numbers are used for the their citation in the text. If there are several works by the same author, the following order should be used: 
+%% \begin{enumerate}
+%% \item all works by the author alone, ordered chronologically by year of publication
+%% \item all works by the author with a coauthor, ordered alphabetically by coauthor
+%% \item all works by the author with several coauthors, ordered chronologically by year of publication.
+%% \end{enumerate}
+%% The \textit{styling} of references\footnote{Always use the standard abbreviation of a journal's name according to the ISSN \textit{List of Title Word Abbreviations}, see \url{http://www.issn.org/en/node/344}} depends on the subject of your book:
+%% \begin{itemize}
+%% \item The \textit{two} recommended styles for references in books on \textit{mathematical, physical, statistical and computer sciences} are depicted in ~\cite{science-contrib, science-online, science-mono, science-journal, science-DOI} and ~\cite{phys-online, phys-mono, phys-journal, phys-DOI, phys-contrib}.
+%% \item Examples of the most commonly used reference style in books on \textit{Psychology, Social Sciences} are~\cite{psysoc-mono, psysoc-online,psysoc-journal, psysoc-contrib, psysoc-DOI}.
+%% \item Examples for references in books on \textit{Humanities, Linguistics, Philosophy} are~\cite{humlinphil-journal, humlinphil-contrib, humlinphil-mono, humlinphil-online, humlinphil-DOI}.
+%% \item Examples of the basic Springer style used in publications on a wide range of subjects such as \textit{Computer Science, Economics, Engineering, Geosciences, Life Sciences, Medicine, Biomedicine} are ~\cite{basic-contrib, basic-online, basic-journal, basic-DOI, basic-mono}. 
+%% \end{itemize}
+%% }
+
+\begin{thebibliography}{99.}%
+
+\bibitem{AgAlmouloud} Ag Almouloud S. (1992) L’ordinateur, outil d’aide à l’apprentissage
+ de la démonstration et de traitement de données didactiques, Thèse de
+ doctorat de l’Université de Rennes 1.
+
+ 
+\bibitem{Agrawal}Agrawal R., Imielinsky T. et Swami A (1993) Mining association rules between sets of items in large databases, Proc. of the ACM SIGMOD'93.
+  
+\bibitem{Atlana} Atlan H. (1986), A tort et à raison, Seuil.
+\bibitem{Atlanb}  Atlan H. (2014) Croyances, Paris, Autrement.
+
+  
+ \bibitem{Bachelard} Bachelard G. (1967) La Formation de l'esprit scientifique, Paris, 5e édition, Librairie philosophique, J. Vrin.
+
+ \bibitem{Bailleula} Bailleul M. (1994) Analyse statistique
+   implicative: variables modales et contribution des
+   sujets. Application à la modélisation de l'enseignant dans le
+   système didactique, Thèse de l'Université de Rennes 1, juin 1994.
+   
+ \bibitem{Bailleulb} Bailleul M., Gras R. (1995) L'implication statistique entre variables modales, Mathématique, Informatique et Sciences Humaines, E.H.E.S.S. Paris, n°128, 41-57.
+
+   
+\bibitem{Benzecri}  Benzecri, J.P. (1973) L’analyse des données (vol 1), Dunod, Paris. 
+
+\bibitem{Couturiera} Couturier R. (2001) Traitement de l’analyse
+  statistique implicative dans CHIC, Actes des Journées sur la
+   Fouille dans les données par la méthode d’analyse implicative, IUFM
+  Caen, p. 33-50.
+  
+\bibitem{Couturierb} Couturier R, Gras R., et Guillet F. (2004)
+  Reducing the number of variables using implicative analysis In
+  International Federation of Classification Societies, IFCS 2004,
+  Springer Verlag: Classification, Clustering, and Data Mining
+  Applications, p. 277--285, ISBN 3-540-22014-3, Chicago, July 2004.
+  
+\bibitem{Couturierc}Couturier R, Gras R. (2005) CHIC: Traitement de
+  données avec l’analyse implicative, Extraction et Gestion des
+  Connaissances, Volume I1, RNTI, Cépaduès, Paris, p.679-684, , ISBN
+  2.85428.683.9
+  
+\bibitem{Couturierd} Couturier R. et Ag Almouloud S. (2013) Historique et fonctionnalités de CHIC, L’analyse statistique implicative, Méthode exploratoire et confirmatoire à la recherche de causalités, sous la direction de Gras R., eds Gras R., Régnier J.-C., Marinica C., Guillet F., Cépaduès Editions,, p.313-325.
+  
+\bibitem{Davida} David J, Guillet F., Gras R. and Briand H. (2006) 
+  Conceptual hierarchies matching : an approach based on discovery of
+  implication rules between concepts, In Proc. ECAI 2006, 17th
+  European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Riva del Garda,
+  Italy, IOS Press
+  
+\bibitem{Davidb} David J., Guillet F., Gras R. (2017) Alignement
+  extensionnel et asymétrique d’ontologies par découverte
+  d’implications entre concepts, L’Analyse Statistique Implicative,
+  des Sciences dures aux Sciences Humaines et Sociales, R. Gras (dir.), Cépaduès Ed. Toulouse, p. 339-448, ISBN: 978.2.36493.577.8.
+
+
+  
+\bibitem{Espagnat} d’Espagnat B. (1981) A la recherche du réel, Le
+  regard d’un physicien, Paris.
+  
+\bibitem{Foucault} Foucault M. (1966) Les mots et les choses, Éditions
+  Gallimard, Paris.
+
+\bibitem{Gaudin} Gaudin F.  (2005) Emergence, complexité et dialectique, Paris, O.Jacob.
+
+\bibitem{Grasa}  Gras R. (1976) Recherche d’une taxonomie d’objectifs cognitifs en Mathématiques, I.R.E.M. de Rennes. 
+
+\bibitem{Grasb} Gras R. (1979) Contribution à l'étude expérimentale et à l'analyse de certaines acquisitions cognitives et de certains objectifs didactiques en mathématiques, Thèse d'Etat, Université de Rennes I.
+
+\bibitem{Grasc} Gras R.,  Larher A. (1992) L'implication statistique, une nouvelle méthode d'analyse de données,  Mathématique, Informatique et Sciences Humaines, E.H.E.S.S. Paris, n°120,  1992, 5-31.
+
+\bibitem{Grasd} Gras R., Totohasina A. (1995) Conceptions d'élèves sur la notion de probabilité conditionnelle révélées par une méthode d'analyse des données: Implication - similarité – corrélation, Educational Studies in Mathematics 28(4):337-363.
+
+\bibitem{Grase} Gras R., Ratsimaba-Rajohn H. (1996) Analyse non symétrique de données par l'implication statistique. RAIRO-Recherche Opérationnelle, 30-3, AFCET, Paris, 1996, 217-232.
+
+\bibitem{Grasf} Gras R., Ag Almouloud S., Bailleul M., Larher A., Polo M., Ratsimba-Rajohn et H., Totohasina A. (1996) L’implication statistique, Nouvelle méthode d’analyse de données, La Pensée Sauvage Editions, Grenoble. 
+
+\bibitem{Grasg} Gras R., Briand H., Peter P. (1996) Structuration sets with implication intensity", Proceedings of the International Conference on Ordinal and Symbolic Data Analysis - OSDA 95, E.Diday, Y.Chevallier, Otto Opitz, Eds., Springer, Paris, 147-156.
+
+\bibitem{Grash} Gras R., Briand H., Peter P., Philippé J. (1997) Implicative statistical analysis, Proceedings  of International Congress I.F.C.S., 96, Kobé, Springer-Verlag, Tokyo , 1997, 412-419
+Gras R., Kuntz P., Couturier R. et Guillet F., (2001), Une version entropique de l'intensité d'implication pour les corpus volumineux,.Extraction des Connaissances et Apprentissage (ECA), vol. 1, n° 1-2, 69-80. Hermès Science Publication.
+
+\bibitem{Grasi} Gras R., Kuntz P. et Briand H. (2001) Les fondements de l'analyse
+statistique implicative et quelques prolongements pour la fouille de
+données, Mathématiques et Sciences Humaines, n° 154-155, p 9-29, ISSN
+0987 6936.
+
+\bibitem{Grasj} Gras R., Diday E., Kuntz P.,  Couturier R. (2001) Variables sur intervalles et variables-intervalles en analyse statistique implicative, Actes du 8ème Congrès de la Société Francophone de Classification, Université des Antilles-Guyane, Pointe-à-Pitre, 17-21 décembre 2001, pp 166-173.
+
+\bibitem{Grask} Gras R(égis), Guillet F., Gras R(obin). et Philippé J. (2002) Réduction des colonnes d’un tableau de données par quasi-équivalence entre variables, Extraction des connaissances et apprentissage, Hermès, Volume 1, n°4/2001,  p 197-202, ISBN 2-7462-0406-1.
+
+\bibitem{Grasl} Gras R., Kuntz P. et Briand H. (2003) Hiérarchie orientée de règles généralisées en analyse implicative, Extraction des Connaissances et apprentissage, Hermès, p 145-157, ISSN 0992-499X, ISBN 2-7462-0631-5.
+
+\bibitem{Grasm} Gras R., Couturier R.., Blanchard J., Briand H., Kuntz P., Peter P. (2004)  Quelques critères pour une mesure de qualité de règles d’association. Un exemple : l’implication statistique,  Mesures de qualité pour la fouille de données, RNTI-E-1, Cépaduès Editions, p 3-32, I.S.B.N. 2.85428.646.4.
+
+\bibitem{Grasn} Gras R., Kuntz P. et Régnier J.C. (2004)
+  Significativité des niveaux d’une hiérarchie orientée en analyse
+  statistique implicative, Classification et fouille de données, Ed
+  M. Chavent et M.Langlais, RNTI-C-1, Cepaduès, p. 39-50,ISBN
+  2.85428.667.7.
+  
+\bibitem{Graso} Gras R., Kuntz P. (2005) Discovering R-rules with a directed hierarchy, Soft Computing, A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications, Volume 1,  p. 46-58, ISSN 1432-7643, Springer Verlag.
+
+\bibitem{Grasp} Gras R., David J., Régnier J.C., Guillet F. (2006) Typicalité et contribution des sujets et des variables supplémentaires en Analyse Statistique Implicative, Extraction des Connaissances ( EGC’06),Volume2,  Cépaduès Editions, p.359-370, ISBN: 2.85428.723.1.
+
+\bibitem{Grasq} Gras R., Suzuki E. et Kuntz P. (2007) Règle et R-règle d’exception en Analyse Statistique Implicative, Nouveaux apports théoriques à l’Analyse Statistique Implicative et Applications, R.Gras, P.Orus, P.Gregori, B.Pinaud, eds,  4èmes Rencontres Internationales d’Analyse Statistique Implicative, Université Jaume I de Castellon 18-21/10/2007, p. 305-313, ISBN 978-84-690-8241-6.
+
+\bibitem{Grasr} Gras R., Kuntz P., Suzuki E. (2007). Une règle
+  d’exception en Analyse Statistique Implicative, Extraction des
+  Connaissances ( EGC’07),Volume1, RNTI-E-9, Cépaduès Editions, p.87-98.
+
+  
+\bibitem{Grass} Gras R., Kuntz P. (2008) An overview of the
+  Statistical Implicative, Statistical Implicative Analysis, R.Gras,
+  E. Suzuki, F. Guillet and F. Spagnolo, Eds,  Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg, ISBN 978-3-540-78982-6.
+
+\bibitem{Grast} Gras R., Régnier J.C. (2009) Qualité d’un graphe implicatif: variance implicative, Analyse Statistique Implicative, Une méthode d'analyse de données pour la recherche de causalités, sous la direction de Régis Gras, réd, invités Régis Gras, Jean-Claude Régnier, Fabrice Guillet, Cépaduès Ed. Toulouse, ISBN : 978.2.85428.8971, p.151-163.
+
+\bibitem{Grasu} Gras R., Couturier R. (2012) Implication entropique et causalité, L’Analyse Statistique Implicative : de l’exploratoire au confirmatoire, Eds J.C.Régnier, M.Bailleul, R.Gras, Université de Caen, ISBN 978-2-7466-5256-9, p.39-50.
+
+\bibitem{Grasv} Gras R., Lahanier-Reuter D. (2012) Dualité entre espace des variables et espace des sujets, L’Analyse Statistique Implicative: de l’exploratoire au confirmatoire, Eds J.C.Régnier, M.Bailleul R.Gras, Université de Caen, ISBN 978-2-7466-5256-9, p. 19-38.
+
+\bibitem{Grasw} Gras R., Régnier J.C. (2012) Extension de l’analyse statistique implicative au cas continu de l’espace des sujets, L’Analyse Statistique Implicative: de l’exploratoire au confirmatoire, Eds J.C.Régnier, M.Bailleul R.Gras, Université de Caen, ISBN 978-2-7466-5256-9, p. 51-63.
+
+\bibitem{Grasx} Gras R. (2017) Un survol paradigmatique de l'Analyse Statistique Implicative, L’Analyse Statistique Implicative, des Sciences dures aux Sciences Humaines et Sociales, R.Gras (dir.), Cépaduès Ed. Toulouse, p. 27-40, ISBN : 978.2.36493.577.8.
+
+\bibitem{Grasy} Gras R., Acioly-Régnier N. (2017) Hiérarchie de règles en A.S.I. et conceptualisation, L’Analyse Statistique Implicative, des Sciences dures aux Sciences Humaines et Sociales, R.Gras (dir.), Cépaduès Ed. Toulouse, p.369-378, ISBN : 978.2.36493.577.8.
+
+\bibitem{Grasz} Gras R., Régnier J.-C. (2017) Extension de l’Analyse Statistique Implicative au cas des variables continues quelconques, L’Analyse Statistique Implicative, des Sciences dures aux Sciences Humaines et Sociales, R.Gras (dir.), Cépaduès Ed. Toulouse, p. 157-166, ISBN : 978.2.36493.577.8.
+
+\bibitem{Grasaa} Gras R., Kuntz P., Greffard N. (2017) Notion de champ implicatif en Analyse Statistique Implicative, L’Analyse Statistique Implicative, des Sciences dures aux Sciences Humaines et Sociales, R.Gras (dir.), Cépaduès Ed. Toulouse, p. 167-178, ISBN: 978.2.36493.577.8.
+
+\bibitem{Grasab} Gras R., Couturier R., Gregori P. (2017) Un mariage arrangé entre
+l’implication et la confiance?, L’Analyse Statistique Implicative,
+des Sciences dures aux Sciences Humaines et Sociales, R.Gras (dir.),
+Cépaduès Ed. Toulouse, p. 195-208, ISBN: 978.2.36493.577.8.
+
+
+
+\bibitem{Kodratoff} Kodratoff Y. (2000) Extraction de connaissances à partir des données
+ et des textes, Actes du colloque ASI 2, IUFM de Caen. 
+
+\bibitem{Lagrange} Lagrange J.B. (1998) Analyse implicative d'un ensemble de variables numériques ; application au traitement d'un questionnaire à réponses modales ordonnées", Revue de Statistique Appliquée., Institut Henri Poincaré, Paris, 71-93.
+
+ 
+\bibitem{Lahaniera}Lahanier-Reuter D. (1998)Etude de conceptions du hasard : approche épistémologique, didactique et expérimentale en milieu universitaire, Thèse de l'Université de Rennes 1.
+ 
+\bibitem{Lahanierb}Lahanier-Reuter D. (1999) Conceptions du hasard et enseignement des probabilités et statistiques, Éducation et Formation, PUF.
+
+\bibitem{Lahanierc}Lahanier-Reuter D., Gras R., Bailleul M. (2017), Variable nodale et cône implicatif,  L’Analyse Statistique Implicative, des Sciences dures aux Sciences Humaines et Sociales, R.Gras (dir.), Cépaduès Ed. Toulouse, p. 287-302, ISBN: 978.2.36493.577.8.
+
+\bibitem{Lauvergeon} Lauvergeon A. (2012) La femme qui résiste, Plon.
+
+  
+\bibitem{Levy-Leblonda}Lévy-Leblond J.-M. (1981) L'esprit de sel, Fayard.
+
+\bibitem{Levy-Leblondb}Lévy- Leblond J.-M. (1996) Aux contraires,  NRF, Paris
+
+\bibitem{Levy-Leblondc}Lévy-Leblond, J.-M. (2006) La vitesse de l’ombre, Seuil.
+ 
+\bibitem{Lermanb} Lerman I.C. (1981) Classification et analyse ordinale des données, Paris, Dunod
+  
+\bibitem{Levi-strauss} Lévi-Strauss C. (1967) Structures élémentaires
+  de la parenté, De Gruyter Mouton.
+
+
+\bibitem{Marx} Marx K. (1857-1858) Manuscrits de 1857-1858.
+
+
+\bibitem{Ratsimba} Ratsimba-Rajohn H. (1992) Contribution à l’étude de
+  la hiérarchie implicative. Application à l’analyse de la gestion
+  didactique des phénomènes d’ostension et de contradiction, Thèse de
+  doctorat de l’Université de Rennes 1.
+
+\bibitem{Ndonga}   Ndong L. (2008) La place des concepts de la didactique des
+   sciences dans la formation des professeurs de lycée et collège de
+   Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre en France et au Gabon. Thèse
+   d’Université, Paris 5,
+
+   
+\bibitem{Ndongb} Ndong L., Gras R. (2017) Classification des primates et Classification hiérarchique orientée de l’A.S.I., L’Analyse Statistique Implicative, des Sciences dures aux Sciences Humaines et Sociales, R.Gras (dir.), Cépaduès Ed. Toulouse, p.453-458, ISBN: 978.2.36493.577.8.
+
+
+\bibitem{Ramstein} Ramstein G. (2009) Une méthode implicative pour l’analyse des données d’expression de gènes, L’Analyse Statistique Implicative. Méthode exploratoire et confirmatoire à la recherche de causalités, sous la direction de direction de Régis Gras, (Eds.)  R. Gras, J.C. Régnier, C. Marinica, F. Guillet, Cépaduès Ed. Toulouse, p 481-496. 
+  
+\bibitem{Regniera} Régnier J.-C., Gras R. (2005), Statistique de
+  rangs et analyse Statistique Implicative, Revue de Statistique
+  Appliquée, LIII, p. 5-38.
+  
+\bibitem{Regnierb} Régnier J.-C.,  Acioly-Régnier, N. M. (2007) Analyse cohésitive et interprétations des données dans le champ de l’éducation. In Régis Gras et al. Nouveaux apports théoriques à l’analyse statistique implicative et applications. Castellón: Innovació Digital Castelló. ISBN : 978-84-690-8241-6. p.329-343.
+
+\bibitem{Schelling}   Schelling F.-W. (1994) Philosophie de la mythologie, p.361, Paris, J. Millon
+  
+\bibitem{Seve} Sève L. (2005) Émergence, complexité et dialectique, Paris.
+  
+\bibitem{Shapin} Shapin S. (2014) Une histoire sociale de la vérité, La Découverte, Paris.
+
+
+
+\bibitem{Spagnolo}  Spagnolo F., Gras R. (2004) A new approach in Zadeh’s classification : fuzzy implication through statistic implication, NAFIPS 2004, 23nd Conference of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society, june 27-30, Banff, AB Canada.
+
+  
+\bibitem{Thoma} Thom R. (1983) Paraboles et catastrophes, Champs Sciences. 
+\bibitem{Thomb} Thom R. (1993) Prédire n'est pas expliquer, Champs Sciences. 
+
+
+    
+%% % and use \bibitem to create references.
+%% %
+%% % Use the following syntax and markup for your references if 
+%% % the subject of your book is from the field 
+%% % "Mathematics, Physics, Statistics, Computer Science"
+%% %
+%% % Contribution 
+%% \bibitem{science-contrib} Broy, M.: Software engineering --- from auxiliary to key technologies. In: Broy, M., Dener, E. (eds.) Software Pioneers, pp. 10-13. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
+%% %
+%% % Online Document
+%% \bibitem{science-online} Dod, J.: Effective substances. In: The Dictionary of Substances and Their Effects. Royal Society of Chemistry (1999) Available via DIALOG. \\
+%% \url{http://www.rsc.org/dose/title of subordinate document. Cited 15 Jan 1999}
+%% %
+%% % Monograph
+%% \bibitem{science-mono} Geddes, K.O., Czapor, S.R., Labahn, G.: Algorithms for Computer Algebra. Kluwer, Boston (1992) 
+%% %
+%% % Journal article
+%% \bibitem{science-journal} Hamburger, C.: Quasimonotonicity, regularity and duality for nonlinear systems of partial differential equations. Ann. Mat. Pura. Appl. \textbf{169}, 321--354 (1995)
+%% %
+%% % Journal article by DOI
+%% \bibitem{science-DOI} Slifka, M.K., Whitton, J.L.: Clinical implications of dysregulated cytokine production. J. Mol. Med. (2000) doi: 10.1007/s001090000086 
+%% %
+%% \bigskip
+
+%% % Use the following (APS) syntax and markup for your references if 
+%% % the subject of your book is from the field 
+%% % "Mathematics, Physics, Statistics, Computer Science"
+%% %
+%% % Online Document
+%% \bibitem{phys-online} J. Dod, in \textit{The Dictionary of Substances and Their Effects}, Royal Society of Chemistry. (Available via DIALOG, 1999), 
+%% \url{http://www.rsc.org/dose/title of subordinate document. Cited 15 Jan 1999}
+%% %
+%% % Monograph
+%% \bibitem{phys-mono} H. Ibach, H. L\"uth, \textit{Solid-State Physics}, 2nd edn. (Springer, New York, 1996), pp. 45-56 
+%% %
+%% % Journal article
+%% \bibitem{phys-journal} S. Preuss, A. Demchuk Jr., M. Stuke, Appl. Phys. A \textbf{61}
+%% %
+%% % Journal article by DOI
+%% \bibitem{phys-DOI} M.K. Slifka, J.L. Whitton, J. Mol. Med., doi: 10.1007/s001090000086
+%% %
+%% % Contribution 
+%% \bibitem{phys-contrib} S.E. Smith, in \textit{Neuromuscular Junction}, ed. by E. Zaimis. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 42 (Springer, Heidelberg, 1976), p. 593
+%% %
+%% \bigskip
+%% %
+%% % Use the following syntax and markup for your references if 
+%% % the subject of your book is from the field 
+%% % "Psychology, Social Sciences"
+%% %
+%% %
+%% % Monograph
+%% \bibitem{psysoc-mono} Calfee, R.~C., \& Valencia, R.~R. (1991). \textit{APA guide to preparing manuscripts for journal publication.} Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
+%% %
+%% % Online Document
+%% \bibitem{psysoc-online} Dod, J. (1999). Effective substances. In: The dictionary of substances and their effects. Royal Society of Chemistry. Available via DIALOG. \\
+%% \url{http://www.rsc.org/dose/Effective substances.} Cited 15 Jan 1999.
+%% %
+%% % Journal article
+%% \bibitem{psysoc-journal} Harris, M., Karper, E., Stacks, G., Hoffman, D., DeNiro, R., Cruz, P., et al. (2001). Writing labs and the Hollywood connection. \textit{J Film} Writing, 44(3), 213--245.
+%% %
+%% % Contribution 
+%% \bibitem{psysoc-contrib} O'Neil, J.~M., \& Egan, J. (1992). Men's and women's gender role journeys: Metaphor for healing, transition, and transformation. In B.~R. Wainrig (Ed.), \textit{Gender issues across the life cycle} (pp. 107--123). New York: Springer.
+%% %
+%% % Journal article by DOI
+%% \bibitem{psysoc-DOI}Kreger, M., Brindis, C.D., Manuel, D.M., Sassoubre, L. (2007). Lessons learned in systems change initiatives: benchmarks and indicators. \textit{American Journal of Community Psychology}, doi: 10.1007/s10464-007-9108-14.
+%% %
+%% %
+%% % Use the following syntax and markup for your references if 
+%% % the subject of your book is from the field 
+%% % "Humanities, Linguistics, Philosophy"
+%% %
+%% \bigskip
+%% %
+%% % Journal article
+%% \bibitem{humlinphil-journal} Alber John, Daniel C. O'Connell, and Sabine Kowal. 2002. Personal perspective in TV interviews. \textit{Pragmatics} 12:257--271
+%% %
+%% % Contribution 
+%% \bibitem{humlinphil-contrib} Cameron, Deborah. 1997. Theoretical debates in feminist linguistics: Questions of sex and gender. In \textit{Gender and discourse}, ed. Ruth Wodak, 99--119. London: Sage Publications.
+%% %
+%% % Monograph
+%% \bibitem{humlinphil-mono} Cameron, Deborah. 1985. \textit{Feminism and linguistic theory.} New York: St. Martin's Press.
+%% %
+%% % Online Document
+%% \bibitem{humlinphil-online} Dod, Jake. 1999. Effective substances. In: The dictionary of substances and their effects. Royal Society of Chemistry. Available via DIALOG. \\
+%% http://www.rsc.org/dose/title of subordinate document. Cited 15 Jan 1999
+%% %
+%% % Journal article by DOI
+%% \bibitem{humlinphil-DOI} Suleiman, Camelia, Daniel C. O'Connell, and Sabine Kowal. 2002. `If you and I, if we, in this later day, lose that sacred fire...': Perspective in political interviews. \textit{Journal of Psycholinguistic Research}. doi: 10.1023/A:1015592129296.
+%% %
+%% %
+%% %
+%% \bigskip
+%% %
+%% %
+%% % Use the following syntax and markup for your references if 
+%% % the subject of your book is from the field 
+%% % "Computer Science, Economics, Engineering, Geosciences, Life Sciences"
+%% %
+%% %
+%% % Contribution 
+%% \bibitem{basic-contrib} Brown B, Aaron M (2001) The politics of nature. In: Smith J (ed) The rise of modern genomics, 3rd edn. Wiley, New York 
+%% %
+%% % Online Document
+%% \bibitem{basic-online} Dod J (1999) Effective Substances. In: The dictionary of substances and their effects. Royal Society of Chemistry. Available via DIALOG. \\
+%% \url{http://www.rsc.org/dose/title of subordinate document. Cited 15 Jan 1999}
+%% %
+%% % Journal article by DOI
+%% \bibitem{basic-DOI} Slifka MK, Whitton JL (2000) Clinical implications of dysregulated cytokine production. J Mol Med, doi: 10.1007/s001090000086
+%% %
+%% % Journal article
+%% \bibitem{basic-journal} Smith J, Jones M Jr, Houghton L et al (1999) Future of health insurance. N Engl J Med 965:325--329
+%% %
+%% % Monograph
+%% \bibitem{basic-mono} South J, Blass B (2001) The future of modern genomics. Blackwell, London 
+%% %
+\end{thebibliography}
diff --git a/solutions.tex b/solutions.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a443831
--- /dev/null
+++ b/solutions.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+
+\Extrachap{Solutions}
+
+\section*{Problems of Chapter~\ref{intro}}
+
+\begin{sol}{prob1}
+The solution\index{problems}\index{solutions} is revealed here.
+\end{sol}
+
+
+\begin{sol}{prob2}
+\textbf{Problem Heading}\\
+(a) The solution of first part is revealed here.\\
+(b) The solution of second part is revealed here.
+\end{sol}
+
diff --git a/spbasic.bst b/spbasic.bst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d44bc2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spbasic.bst
@@ -0,0 +1,1658 @@
+%%
+%% This is file `spbasic.bst',
+%% generated with the docstrip utility.
+%%
+%% The original source files were:
+%%
+%% merlin.mbs  (with options: `ay,nat,seq-lab,vonx,nm-rvx,ed-rev,jnrlst,dt-beg,yr-par,yrp-x,yrpp-xsp,note-yr,jxper,jttl-rm,thtit-a,pgsep-c,num-xser,ser-vol,jnm-x,btit-rm,bt-rm,pre-pub,doi,edparxc,blk-tit,in-col,fin-bare,pp,ed,abr,mth-bare,ord,jabr,xand,eprint,url,url-blk,em-x,nfss,')
+%% ----------------------------------------
+%%
+%%********************************************************************************%%
+%%                                                                                %%
+%% For Springer medical, life sciences, chemistry, geology, engineering and       %%
+%%   computer science publications.                                               %%
+%% For use with the natbib package (see below). Default is author-year citations. %%
+%%   When citations are numbered, please use \usepackage[numbers]{natbib}.        %%
+%% A lack of punctuation is the key feature. Springer-Verlag 2004/10/15           %%
+%% Report bugs and improvements to: Joylene Vette-Guillaume or Frank Holzwarth    %%
+%%                                                                                %%
+%%********************************************************************************%%
+%%
+%% Copyright 1994-2004 Patrick W Daly
+ % ===============================================================
+ % IMPORTANT NOTICE:
+ % This bibliographic style (bst) file has been generated from one or
+ % more master bibliographic style (mbs) files, listed above.
+ %
+ % This generated file can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms
+ % of the LaTeX Project Public License Distributed from CTAN
+ % archives in directory macros/latex/base/lppl.txt; either
+ % version 1 of the License, or any later version.
+ % ===============================================================
+ % Name and version information of the main mbs file:
+ % \ProvidesFile{merlin.mbs}[2004/02/09 4.13 (PWD, AO, DPC)]
+ %   For use with BibTeX version 0.99a or later
+ %-------------------------------------------------------------------
+ % This bibliography style file is intended for texts in ENGLISH
+ % This is an author-year citation style bibliography. As such, it is
+ % non-standard LaTeX, and requires a special package file to function properly.
+ % Such a package is    natbib.sty   by Patrick W. Daly
+ % The form of the \bibitem entries is
+ %   \bibitem[Jones et al.(1990)]{key}...
+ %   \bibitem[Jones et al.(1990)Jones, Baker, and Smith]{key}...
+ % The essential feature is that the label (the part in brackets) consists
+ % of the author names, as they should appear in the citation, with the year
+ % in parentheses following. There must be no space before the opening
+ % parenthesis!
+ % With natbib v5.3, a full list of authors may also follow the year.
+ % In natbib.sty, it is possible to define the type of enclosures that is
+ % really wanted (brackets or parentheses), but in either case, there must
+ % be parentheses in the label.
+ % The \cite command functions as follows:
+ %   \citet{key} ==>>                Jones et al. (1990)
+ %   \citet*{key} ==>>               Jones, Baker, and Smith (1990)
+ %   \citep{key} ==>>                (Jones et al., 1990)
+ %   \citep*{key} ==>>               (Jones, Baker, and Smith, 1990)
+ %   \citep[chap. 2]{key} ==>>       (Jones et al., 1990, chap. 2)
+ %   \citep[e.g.][]{key} ==>>        (e.g. Jones et al., 1990)
+ %   \citep[e.g.][p. 32]{key} ==>>   (e.g. Jones et al., p. 32)
+ %   \citeauthor{key} ==>>           Jones et al.
+ %   \citeauthor*{key} ==>>          Jones, Baker, and Smith
+ %   \citeyear{key} ==>>             1990
+ %---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ENTRY
+  { address
+    archive
+    author
+    booktitle
+    chapter
+    doi
+    edition
+    editor
+    eid
+    eprint
+    howpublished
+    institution
+    journal
+    key
+    month
+    note
+    number
+    organization
+    pages
+    publisher
+    school
+    series
+    title
+    type
+    url
+    volume
+    year
+  }
+  {}
+  { label extra.label sort.label short.list }
+INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }
+FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
+{ #0 'before.all :=
+  #1 'mid.sentence :=
+  #2 'after.sentence :=
+  #3 'after.block :=
+}
+STRINGS { s t}
+FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
+{ 's :=
+  output.state mid.sentence =
+    { ", " * write$ }
+    { output.state after.block =
+        { add.period$ write$
+          newline$
+          "\newblock " write$
+        }
+        { output.state before.all =
+            'write$
+            { add.period$ " " * write$ }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+    }
+  if$
+  s
+}
+FUNCTION {output}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    'pop$
+    'output.nonnull
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {output.check}
+{ 't :=
+  duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+    'output.nonnull
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {fin.entry}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    'pop$
+    'write$
+  if$
+  newline$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block}
+{ output.state before.all =
+    'skip$
+    { after.block 'output.state := }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {new.sentence}
+{ output.state after.block =
+    'skip$
+    { output.state before.all =
+        'skip$
+        { after.sentence 'output.state := }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {add.blank}
+{  " " * before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {no.blank.or.punct}
+{  "\hspace{0pt}" * before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {date.block}
+{
+    add.blank
+}
+
+FUNCTION {not}
+{   { #0 }
+    { #1 }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {and}
+{   'skip$
+    { pop$ #0 }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {or}
+{   { pop$ #1 }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+STRINGS {z}
+FUNCTION {remove.dots}
+{ 'z :=
+  ""
+  { z empty$ not }
+  { z #1 #1 substring$
+    z #2 global.max$ substring$ 'z :=
+    duplicate$ "." = 'pop$
+      { * }
+    if$
+  }
+  while$
+}
+FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
+{ empty$
+  swap$ empty$
+  and
+    'skip$
+    'new.block
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {field.or.null}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "" }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {emphasize}
+{ skip$ }
+FUNCTION {tie.or.space.prefix}
+{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
+    { "~" }
+    { " " }
+  if$
+  swap$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {capitalize}
+{ "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$ }
+
+FUNCTION {space.word}
+{ " " swap$ * " " * }
+ % Here are the language-specific definitions for explicit words.
+ % Each function has a name bbl.xxx where xxx is the English word.
+ % The language selected here is ENGLISH
+FUNCTION {bbl.and}
+{ "and"}
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.etal}
+{ "et~al." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.editors}
+{ "eds" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.editor}
+{ "ed" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.edby}
+{ "edited by" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.edition}
+{ "edn" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.volume}
+{ "vol" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.of}
+{ "of" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.number}
+{ "no." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.nr}
+{ "no." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.in}
+{ "in" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.pages}
+{ "pp" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.page}
+{ "p" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.chapter}
+{ "chap" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.techrep}
+{ "Tech. Rep." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis}
+{ "Master's thesis" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis}
+{ "PhD thesis" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.first}
+{ "1st" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.second}
+{ "2nd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.third}
+{ "3rd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.fourth}
+{ "4th" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.fifth}
+{ "5th" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.st}
+{ "st" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.nd}
+{ "nd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.rd}
+{ "rd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.th}
+{ "th" }
+
+MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}
+
+MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}
+
+MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}
+
+MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}
+
+MACRO {may} {"May"}
+
+MACRO {jun} {"Jun."}
+
+MACRO {jul} {"Jul."}
+
+MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}
+
+MACRO {sep} {"Sep."}
+
+MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}
+
+MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}
+
+MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}
+
+FUNCTION {eng.ord}
+{ duplicate$ "1" swap$ *
+  #-2 #1 substring$ "1" =
+     { bbl.th * }
+     { duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$
+       duplicate$ "1" =
+         { pop$ bbl.st * }
+         { duplicate$ "2" =
+             { pop$ bbl.nd * }
+             { "3" =
+                 { bbl.rd * }
+                 { bbl.th * }
+               if$
+             }
+           if$
+          }
+       if$
+     }
+   if$
+}
+
+MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Comput Surv"}
+
+MACRO {acta} {"Acta Inf"}
+
+MACRO {cacm} {"Commun ACM"}
+
+MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM~J~Res Dev"}
+
+MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Syst~J"}
+
+MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Trans Softw Eng"}
+
+MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Trans Comput"}
+
+MACRO {ieeetcad}
+ {"IEEE Trans Comput Aid Des"}
+
+MACRO {ipl} {"Inf Process Lett"}
+
+MACRO {jacm} {"J~ACM"}
+
+MACRO {jcss} {"J~Comput Syst Sci"}
+
+MACRO {scp} {"Sci Comput Program"}
+
+MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM J~Comput"}
+
+MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Trans Comput Syst"}
+
+MACRO {tods} {"ACM Trans Database Syst"}
+
+MACRO {tog} {"ACM Trans Graphic"}
+
+MACRO {toms} {"ACM Trans Math Softw"}
+
+MACRO {toois} {"ACM Trans Office Inf Syst"}
+
+MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Trans Program Lang Syst"}
+
+MACRO {tcs} {"Theor Comput Sci"}
+
+FUNCTION {bibinfo.check}
+{ swap$
+  duplicate$ missing$
+    {
+      pop$ pop$
+      ""
+    }
+    { duplicate$ empty$
+        {
+          swap$ pop$
+        }
+        { swap$
+          pop$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {bibinfo.warn}
+{ swap$
+  duplicate$ missing$
+    {
+      swap$ "missing " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ pop$
+      ""
+    }
+    { duplicate$ empty$
+        {
+          swap$ "empty " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$
+        }
+        { swap$
+          pop$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.eprint}
+{ eprint duplicate$ empty$
+    'skip$
+    { "\eprint"
+      archive empty$
+        'skip$
+        { "[" * archive * "]" * }
+      if$
+      "{" * swap$ * "}" *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.url}
+{ url empty$
+    { "" }
+    { "\urlprefix\url{" url * "}" * }
+  if$
+}
+
+STRINGS  { bibinfo}
+INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }
+
+FUNCTION {format.names}
+{ 'bibinfo :=
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ {
+  's :=
+  "" 't :=
+  #1 'nameptr :=
+  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+  numnames 'namesleft :=
+    { namesleft #0 > }
+    { s nameptr
+      "{vv~}{ll}{ f{}}{ jj}"
+      format.name$
+      remove.dots
+      bibinfo bibinfo.check
+      't :=
+      nameptr #1 >
+        {
+          namesleft #1 >
+            { ", " * t * }
+            {
+              "," *
+              s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
+                { 't := }
+                { pop$ }
+              if$
+              t "others" =
+                {
+                  " " * bbl.etal *
+                }
+                { " " * t * }
+              if$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+        't
+      if$
+      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+    }
+  while$
+  } if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.names.ed}
+{
+  format.names
+}
+FUNCTION {format.key}
+{ empty$
+    { key field.or.null }
+    { "" }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.authors}
+{ author "author" format.names
+}
+FUNCTION {get.bbl.editor}
+{ editor num.names$ #1 > 'bbl.editors 'bbl.editor if$ }
+
+FUNCTION {format.editors}
+{ editor "editor" format.names duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      " " *
+      get.bbl.editor
+   "(" swap$ * ")" *
+      *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.doi}
+{ doi "doi" bibinfo.check
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      "\doi{" swap$ * "}" *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.note}
+{
+ note empty$
+    { "" }
+    { note #1 #1 substring$
+      duplicate$ "{" =
+        'skip$
+        { output.state mid.sentence =
+          { "l" }
+          { "u" }
+        if$
+        change.case$
+        }
+      if$
+      note #2 global.max$ substring$ * "note" bibinfo.check
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.title}
+{ title
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    { "t" change.case$ }
+  if$
+  "title" bibinfo.check
+}
+FUNCTION {format.full.names}
+{'s :=
+ "" 't :=
+  #1 'nameptr :=
+  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+  numnames 'namesleft :=
+    { namesleft #0 > }
+    { s nameptr
+      "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+      't :=
+      nameptr #1 >
+        {
+          namesleft #1 >
+            { ", " * t * }
+            {
+              s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
+                { 't := }
+                { pop$ }
+              if$
+              t "others" =
+                {
+                  " " * bbl.etal *
+                }
+                {
+                  numnames #2 >
+                    { "," * }
+                    'skip$
+                  if$
+                  bbl.and
+                  space.word * t *
+                }
+              if$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+        't
+      if$
+      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+    }
+  while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.editor.key.full}
+{ author empty$
+    { editor empty$
+        { key empty$
+            { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+            'key
+          if$
+        }
+        { editor format.full.names }
+      if$
+    }
+    { author format.full.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.key.full}
+{ author empty$
+    { key empty$
+         { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+          'key
+      if$
+    }
+    { author format.full.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {editor.key.full}
+{ editor empty$
+    { key empty$
+         { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+          'key
+      if$
+    }
+    { editor format.full.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {make.full.names}
+{ type$ "book" =
+  type$ "inbook" =
+  or
+    'author.editor.key.full
+    { type$ "proceedings" =
+        'editor.key.full
+        'author.key.full
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
+{ newline$
+  "\bibitem[{" write$
+  label write$
+  ")" make.full.names duplicate$ short.list =
+     { pop$ }
+     { * }
+   if$
+  "}]{" * write$
+  cite$ write$
+  "}" write$
+  newline$
+  ""
+  before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {add.period}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    'skip$
+    { "." * add.blank }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {if.digit}
+{ duplicate$ "0" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "1" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "2" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "3" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "4" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "5" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "6" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "7" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "8" =
+  swap$ "9" = or or or or or or or or or
+}
+FUNCTION {n.separate}
+{ 't :=
+  ""
+  #0 'numnames :=
+  { t empty$ not }
+  { t #-1 #1 substring$ if.digit
+      { numnames #1 + 'numnames := }
+      { #0 'numnames := }
+    if$
+    t #-1 #1 substring$ swap$ *
+    t #-2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+    numnames #5 =
+      { duplicate$ #1 #2 substring$ swap$
+        #3 global.max$ substring$
+        "," swap$ * *
+      }
+      'skip$
+    if$
+  }
+  while$
+}
+FUNCTION {n.dashify}
+{
+  't :=
+  ""
+    { t empty$ not }
+    { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
+        { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
+            { "--" *
+              t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+            }
+            {   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
+                { "-" *
+                  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+                }
+              while$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+        { t #1 #1 substring$ *
+          t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {word.in}
+{ bbl.in capitalize
+  ":" *
+  " " * }
+
+FUNCTION {format.date}
+{ year "year" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
+    {
+      "empty year in " cite$ * "; set to ????" * warning$
+       pop$ "????"
+    }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+  extra.label *
+  before.all 'output.state :=
+  " (" swap$ * ")" *
+}
+FUNCTION {format.btitle}
+{ title "title" bibinfo.check
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {either.or.check}
+{ empty$
+    'pop$
+    { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
+{ volume empty$
+    { "" }
+    { bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.prefix
+      "volume" bibinfo.check * *
+      series "series" bibinfo.check
+      duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+        { emphasize ", " * swap$ * }
+      if$
+      "volume and number" number either.or.check
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.number.series}
+{ volume empty$
+    { number empty$
+        { series field.or.null }
+        { series empty$
+            { number "number" bibinfo.check }
+            { output.state mid.sentence =
+                { bbl.number }
+                { bbl.number capitalize }
+              if$
+              number tie.or.space.prefix "number" bibinfo.check * *
+              bbl.in space.word *
+              series "series" bibinfo.check *
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+    { "" }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {is.num}
+{ chr.to.int$
+  duplicate$ "0" chr.to.int$ < not
+  swap$ "9" chr.to.int$ > not and
+}
+
+FUNCTION {extract.num}
+{ duplicate$ 't :=
+  "" 's :=
+  { t empty$ not }
+  { t #1 #1 substring$
+    t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+    duplicate$ is.num
+      { s swap$ * 's := }
+      { pop$ "" 't := }
+    if$
+  }
+  while$
+  s empty$
+    'skip$
+    { pop$ s }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {convert.edition}
+{ extract.num "l" change.case$ 's :=
+  s "first" = s "1" = or
+    { bbl.first 't := }
+    { s "second" = s "2" = or
+        { bbl.second 't := }
+        { s "third" = s "3" = or
+            { bbl.third 't := }
+            { s "fourth" = s "4" = or
+                { bbl.fourth 't := }
+                { s "fifth" = s "5" = or
+                    { bbl.fifth 't := }
+                    { s #1 #1 substring$ is.num
+                        { s eng.ord 't := }
+                        { edition 't := }
+                      if$
+                    }
+                  if$
+                }
+              if$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  t
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.edition}
+{ edition duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      convert.edition
+      output.state mid.sentence =
+        { "l" }
+        { "t" }
+      if$ change.case$
+      "edition" bibinfo.check
+      " " * bbl.edition *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+INTEGERS { multiresult }
+FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
+{ 't :=
+  #0 'multiresult :=
+    { multiresult not
+      t empty$ not
+      and
+    }
+    { t #1 #1 substring$
+      duplicate$ "-" =
+      swap$ duplicate$ "," =
+      swap$ "+" =
+      or or
+        { #1 'multiresult := }
+        { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
+      if$
+    }
+  while$
+  multiresult
+}
+FUNCTION {format.pages}
+{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    { duplicate$ multi.page.check
+        {
+          bbl.pages swap$
+          n.dashify
+        }
+        {
+          bbl.page swap$
+        }
+      if$
+      tie.or.space.prefix
+      "pages" bibinfo.check
+      * *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.journal.pages}
+{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+    { swap$ duplicate$ empty$
+        { pop$ pop$ format.pages }
+        {
+          ":" *
+          swap$
+          n.dashify
+          "pages" bibinfo.check
+          *
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.journal.eid}
+{ eid "eid" bibinfo.check
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+    { swap$ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+      {
+          ":" *
+      }
+      if$
+      swap$ *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
+{ volume field.or.null
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      "volume" bibinfo.check
+    }
+  if$
+  number "number" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      swap$ duplicate$ empty$
+        { "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+      swap$
+      "(" swap$ * ")" *
+    }
+  if$ *
+  eid empty$
+    { format.journal.pages }
+    { format.journal.eid }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
+{ chapter empty$
+    'format.pages
+    { type empty$
+        { bbl.chapter }
+        { type "l" change.case$
+          "type" bibinfo.check
+        }
+      if$
+      chapter tie.or.space.prefix
+      "chapter" bibinfo.check
+      * *
+      pages empty$
+        'skip$
+        { ", " * format.pages * }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.booktitle}
+{
+  booktitle "booktitle" bibinfo.check
+}
+FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
+{ format.booktitle duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      editor "editor" format.names.ed duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+        {
+          " " *
+          get.bbl.editor
+          "(" swap$ * ") " *
+          * swap$
+          * }
+      if$
+      word.in swap$ *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
+{ type duplicate$ empty$
+    'pop$
+    { swap$ pop$
+      "t" change.case$ "type" bibinfo.check
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
+{ number "number" bibinfo.check
+  type duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ bbl.techrep }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+  "type" bibinfo.check
+  swap$ duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "t" change.case$ }
+    { tie.or.space.prefix * * }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
+{
+  word.in
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
+{ volume duplicate$ empty$
+    { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
+      pop$ word.in
+    }
+    { bbl.volume
+      capitalize
+      swap$ tie.or.space.prefix "volume" bibinfo.check * * bbl.of space.word *
+    }
+  if$
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
+{
+  word.in
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+FUNCTION {format.org.or.pub}
+{ 't :=
+  ""
+  address empty$ t empty$ and
+    'skip$
+    {
+      t empty$
+        { address "address" bibinfo.check *
+        }
+        { t *
+          address empty$
+            'skip$
+            { ", " * address "address" bibinfo.check * }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.publisher.address}
+{ publisher "publisher" bibinfo.warn format.org.or.pub
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.organization.address}
+{ organization "organization" bibinfo.check format.org.or.pub
+}
+
+FUNCTION {article}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  author format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.sentence
+  crossref missing$
+    {
+      journal
+      remove.dots
+      "journal" bibinfo.check
+      "journal" output.check
+      add.blank
+      format.vol.num.pages output
+    }
+    { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  format.url output
+  format.note output
+  format.eprint output
+  fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {book}
+{ output.bibitem
+  author empty$
+    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+      editor format.key output
+      add.blank
+    }
+    { format.authors output.nonnull
+      crossref missing$
+        { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.bvolume output
+      format.edition output
+  new.sentence
+      format.number.series output
+      format.publisher.address output
+    }
+    {
+  new.sentence
+      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  format.url output
+  format.note output
+  format.eprint output
+  fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {booklet}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors output
+  author format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.sentence
+  howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
+  address "address" bibinfo.check output
+  format.doi output
+  format.url output
+  format.note output
+  format.eprint output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inbook}
+{ output.bibitem
+  author empty$
+    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+      editor format.key output
+    }
+    { format.authors output.nonnull
+      crossref missing$
+        { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  crossref missing$
+    {
+      format.bvolume output
+      format.edition output
+      format.publisher.address output
+      format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+  new.sentence
+      format.number.series output
+    }
+    {
+      format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+  new.sentence
+      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  format.url output
+  format.note output
+  format.eprint output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {incollection}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  author format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.sentence
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+      format.bvolume output
+      format.edition output
+      format.number.series output
+      format.publisher.address output
+      format.chapter.pages output
+    }
+    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.chapter.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  format.url output
+  format.note output
+  format.eprint output
+  fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {inproceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  author format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.sentence
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+      publisher empty$
+        { format.organization.address output }
+        { organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+          format.publisher.address output
+        }
+      if$
+      format.bvolume output
+      format.number.series output
+      format.pages output
+    }
+    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  format.url output
+  format.note output
+  format.eprint output
+  fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }
+FUNCTION {manual}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors output
+  author format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  new.sentence
+  organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+  address "address" bibinfo.check output
+  format.edition output
+  format.doi output
+  format.url output
+  format.note output
+  format.eprint output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  author format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.title
+  "title" output.check
+  new.sentence
+  bbl.mthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+  school "school" bibinfo.warn output
+  address "address" bibinfo.check output
+  format.doi output
+  format.url output
+  format.note output
+  format.eprint output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {misc}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors output
+  author format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.title output
+  new.sentence
+  howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
+  format.doi output
+  format.url output
+  format.note output
+  format.eprint output
+  fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {phdthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  author format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.title
+  "title" output.check
+  new.sentence
+  bbl.phdthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+  school "school" bibinfo.warn output
+  address "address" bibinfo.check output
+  format.doi output
+  format.url output
+  format.note output
+  format.eprint output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {proceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.editors output
+  editor format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  format.bvolume output
+  format.number.series output
+  publisher empty$
+    { format.organization.address output }
+    { organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+      format.publisher.address output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  format.url output
+  format.note output
+  format.eprint output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {techreport}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  author format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.title
+  "title" output.check
+  new.sentence
+  format.tr.number output.nonnull
+  institution "institution" bibinfo.warn output
+  address "address" bibinfo.check output
+  format.doi output
+  format.url output
+  format.note output
+  format.eprint output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {unpublished}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  author format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  format.doi output
+  format.url output
+  format.note "note" output.check
+  format.eprint output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }
+READ
+FUNCTION {sortify}
+{ purify$
+  "l" change.case$
+}
+INTEGERS { len }
+FUNCTION {chop.word}
+{ 's :=
+  'len :=
+  s #1 len substring$ =
+    { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
+    's
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.lab.names}
+{ 's :=
+  "" 't :=
+  s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+  s num.names$ duplicate$
+  #2 >
+    { pop$
+      " " * bbl.etal *
+    }
+    { #2 <
+        'skip$
+        { s #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
+            {
+              " " * bbl.etal *
+            }
+            { bbl.and space.word * s #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+              * }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.key.label}
+{ author empty$
+    { key empty$
+        { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+        'key
+      if$
+    }
+    { author format.lab.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label}
+{ author empty$
+    { editor empty$
+        { key empty$
+            { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+            'key
+          if$
+        }
+        { editor format.lab.names }
+      if$
+    }
+    { author format.lab.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {editor.key.label}
+{ editor empty$
+    { key empty$
+        { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+        'key
+      if$
+    }
+    { editor format.lab.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {calc.short.authors}
+{ type$ "book" =
+  type$ "inbook" =
+  or
+    'author.editor.key.label
+    { type$ "proceedings" =
+        'editor.key.label
+        'author.key.label
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  'short.list :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {calc.label}
+{ calc.short.authors
+  short.list
+  "("
+  *
+  year duplicate$ empty$
+     { pop$ "????" }
+     'skip$
+  if$
+  *
+  'label :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {sort.format.names}
+{ 's :=
+  #1 'nameptr :=
+  ""
+  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+  numnames 'namesleft :=
+    { namesleft #0 > }
+    { s nameptr
+      "{ll{ }}{  f{ }}{  jj{ }}"
+      format.name$ 't :=
+      nameptr #1 >
+        {
+          "   "  *
+          namesleft #1 = t "others" = and
+            { "zzzzz" * }
+            { numnames #2 > nameptr #2 = and
+                { "zz" * year field.or.null * "   " * }
+                'skip$
+              if$
+              t sortify *
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+        { t sortify * }
+      if$
+      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+    }
+  while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
+{ 't :=
+  "A " #2
+    "An " #3
+      "The " #4 t chop.word
+    chop.word
+  chop.word
+  sortify
+  #1 global.max$ substring$
+}
+FUNCTION {author.sort}
+{ author empty$
+    { key empty$
+        { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
+          ""
+        }
+        { key sortify }
+      if$
+    }
+    { author sort.format.names }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
+{ author empty$
+    { editor empty$
+        { key empty$
+            { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
+              ""
+            }
+            { key sortify }
+          if$
+        }
+        { editor sort.format.names }
+      if$
+    }
+    { author sort.format.names }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {editor.sort}
+{ editor empty$
+    { key empty$
+        { "to sort, need editor or key in " cite$ * warning$
+          ""
+        }
+        { key sortify }
+      if$
+    }
+    { editor sort.format.names }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {presort}
+{ calc.label
+  label sortify
+  "    "
+  *
+  type$ "book" =
+  type$ "inbook" =
+  or
+    'author.editor.sort
+    { type$ "proceedings" =
+        'editor.sort
+        'author.sort
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  #1 entry.max$ substring$
+  'sort.label :=
+  sort.label
+  *
+  "    "
+  *
+  title field.or.null
+  sort.format.title
+  *
+  #1 entry.max$ substring$
+  'sort.key$ :=
+}
+
+ITERATE {presort}
+SORT
+STRINGS { last.label next.extra }
+INTEGERS { last.extra.num number.label }
+FUNCTION {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
+{ #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.label :=
+  "" 'next.extra :=
+  #0 'last.extra.num :=
+  #0 'number.label :=
+}
+FUNCTION {forward.pass}
+{ last.label label =
+    { last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
+      last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=
+    }
+    { "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
+      "" 'extra.label :=
+      label 'last.label :=
+    }
+  if$
+  number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
+}
+FUNCTION {reverse.pass}
+{ next.extra "b" =
+    { "a" 'extra.label := }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+  extra.label 'next.extra :=
+  extra.label
+  duplicate$ empty$
+    'skip$
+    { "{\natexlab{" swap$ * "}}" * }
+  if$
+  'extra.label :=
+  label extra.label * 'label :=
+}
+EXECUTE {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
+ITERATE {forward.pass}
+REVERSE {reverse.pass}
+FUNCTION {bib.sort.order}
+{ sort.label
+  "    "
+  *
+  year field.or.null sortify
+  *
+  "    "
+  *
+  title field.or.null
+  sort.format.title
+  *
+  #1 entry.max$ substring$
+  'sort.key$ :=
+}
+ITERATE {bib.sort.order}
+SORT
+FUNCTION {begin.bib}
+{ preamble$ empty$
+    'skip$
+    { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
+  if$
+  "\begin{thebibliography}{" number.label int.to.str$ * "}" *
+  write$ newline$
+  "\providecommand{\natexlab}[1]{#1}"
+  write$ newline$
+  "\providecommand{\url}[1]{{#1}}"
+  write$ newline$
+  "\providecommand{\urlprefix}{URL }"
+  write$ newline$
+  "\expandafter\ifx\csname urlstyle\endcsname\relax"
+  write$ newline$
+  "  \providecommand{\doi}[1]{DOI~\discretionary{}{}{}#1}\else"
+  write$ newline$
+  "  \providecommand{\doi}{DOI~\discretionary{}{}{}\begingroup \urlstyle{rm}\Url}\fi"
+  write$ newline$
+  "\providecommand{\eprint}[2][]{\url{#2}}"
+  write$ newline$
+}
+EXECUTE {begin.bib}
+EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
+ITERATE {call.type$}
+FUNCTION {end.bib}
+{ newline$
+  "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
+}
+EXECUTE {end.bib}
+%% End of customized bst file
+%%
+%% End of file `spbasic.bst'.
+
diff --git a/spmpsci.bst b/spmpsci.bst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..145f368
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spmpsci.bst
@@ -0,0 +1,1512 @@
+%%
+%% This is file `spmpsci.bst',
+%% generated with the docstrip utility.
+%%
+%% The original source files were:
+%%
+%% merlin.mbs  (with options: `vonx,nm-rvv,yr-par,xmth,jttl-rm,thtit-a,vol-bf,volp-com,pgsep-c,num-xser,ser-vol,ser-ed,jnm-x,btit-rm,bt-rm,doi,edparxc,au-col,in-col,fin-bare,pp,ed,abr,xedn,jabr,xand,url,url-blk,nfss,')
+%% ----------------------------------------
+%%********************************************************************************%%
+%%                                                                                %%
+%% For Springer mathematics, computer science, and physical sciences journals     %%
+%%   publications.                                                                %%
+%% Report bugs and improvements to: Joylene Vette-Guillaume or Frank Holzwarth    %%
+%%                                              Springer-Verlag 2004/10/15        %%
+%%                                                                                %%
+%%********************************************************************************%%
+%%
+%% Copyright 1994-2004 Patrick W Daly
+ % ===============================================================
+ % IMPORTANT NOTICE:
+ % This bibliographic style (bst) file has been generated from one or
+ % more master bibliographic style (mbs) files, listed above.
+ %
+ % This generated file can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms
+ % of the LaTeX Project Public License Distributed from CTAN
+ % archives in directory macros/latex/base/lppl.txt; either
+ % version 1 of the License, or any later version.
+ % ===============================================================
+ % Name and version information of the main mbs file:
+ % \ProvidesFile{merlin.mbs}[2004/02/09 4.13 (PWD, AO, DPC)]
+ %   For use with BibTeX version 0.99a or later
+ %-------------------------------------------------------------------
+ % This bibliography style file is intended for texts in ENGLISH
+ % This is a numerical citation style, and as such is standard LaTeX.
+ % It requires no extra package to interface to the main text.
+ % The form of the \bibitem entries is
+ %   \bibitem{key}...
+ % Usage of \cite is as follows:
+ %   \cite{key} ==>>          [#]
+ %   \cite[chap. 2]{key} ==>> [#, chap. 2]
+ % where # is a number determined by the ordering in the reference list.
+ % The order in the reference list is alphabetical by authors.
+ %---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ENTRY
+  { address
+    author
+    booktitle
+    chapter
+    doi
+    edition
+    editor
+    eid
+    howpublished
+    institution
+    journal
+    key
+    month
+    note
+    number
+    organization
+    pages
+    publisher
+    school
+    series
+    title
+    type
+    url
+    volume
+    year
+  }
+  {}
+  { label }
+INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }
+FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
+{ #0 'before.all :=
+  #1 'mid.sentence :=
+  #2 'after.sentence :=
+  #3 'after.block :=
+}
+STRINGS { s t}
+FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
+{ 's :=
+  output.state mid.sentence =
+    { ", " * write$ }
+    { output.state after.block =
+        { add.period$ write$
+          newline$
+          "\newblock " write$
+        }
+        { output.state before.all =
+            'write$
+            { add.period$ " " * write$ }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+    }
+  if$
+  s
+}
+FUNCTION {output}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    'pop$
+    'output.nonnull
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {output.check}
+{ 't :=
+  duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+    'output.nonnull
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {fin.entry}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    'pop$
+    'write$
+  if$
+  newline$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block}
+{ output.state before.all =
+    'skip$
+    { after.block 'output.state := }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {new.sentence}
+{ output.state after.block =
+    'skip$
+    { output.state before.all =
+        'skip$
+        { after.sentence 'output.state := }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {add.blank}
+{  " " * before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {add.colon}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    'skip$
+    { ":" * add.blank }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {date.block}
+{
+  new.block
+}
+
+FUNCTION {not}
+{   { #0 }
+    { #1 }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {and}
+{   'skip$
+    { pop$ #0 }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {or}
+{   { pop$ #1 }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {new.block.checka}
+{ empty$
+    'skip$
+    'new.block
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
+{ empty$
+  swap$ empty$
+  and
+    'skip$
+    'new.block
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {new.sentence.checka}
+{ empty$
+    'skip$
+    'new.sentence
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {new.sentence.checkb}
+{ empty$
+  swap$ empty$
+  and
+    'skip$
+    'new.sentence
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {field.or.null}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "" }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {emphasize}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "" }
+    { "\emph{" swap$ * "}" * }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {bolden}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "" }
+    { "\textbf{" swap$ * "}" * }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {tie.or.space.prefix}
+{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
+    { "~" }
+    { " " }
+  if$
+  swap$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {capitalize}
+{ "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$ }
+
+FUNCTION {space.word}
+{ " " swap$ * " " * }
+ % Here are the language-specific definitions for explicit words.
+ % Each function has a name bbl.xxx where xxx is the English word.
+ % The language selected here is ENGLISH
+FUNCTION {bbl.and}
+{ "and"}
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.etal}
+{ "et~al." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.editors}
+{ "eds." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.editor}
+{ "ed." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.edby}
+{ "edited by" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.edition}
+{ "edn." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.volume}
+{ "vol." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.of}
+{ "of" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.number}
+{ "no." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.nr}
+{ "no." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.in}
+{ "in" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.pages}
+{ "pp." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.page}
+{ "p." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.chapter}
+{ "chap." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.techrep}
+{ "Tech. Rep." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis}
+{ "Master's thesis" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis}
+{ "Ph.D. thesis" }
+
+MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}
+
+MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}
+
+MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}
+
+MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}
+
+MACRO {may} {"May"}
+
+MACRO {jun} {"Jun."}
+
+MACRO {jul} {"Jul."}
+
+MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}
+
+MACRO {sep} {"Sep."}
+
+MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}
+
+MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}
+
+MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}
+
+MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Comput. Surv."}
+
+MACRO {acta} {"Acta Inf."}
+
+MACRO {cacm} {"Commun. ACM"}
+
+MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM J. Res. Dev."}
+
+MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Syst.~J."}
+
+MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Trans. Software Eng."}
+
+MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Trans. Comput."}
+
+MACRO {ieeetcad}
+ {"IEEE Trans. Comput. Aid. Des."}
+
+MACRO {ipl} {"Inf. Process. Lett."}
+
+MACRO {jacm} {"J.~ACM"}
+
+MACRO {jcss} {"J.~Comput. Syst. Sci."}
+
+MACRO {scp} {"Sci. Comput. Program."}
+
+MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM J. Comput."}
+
+MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Trans. Comput. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tods} {"ACM Trans. Database Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tog} {"ACM Trans. Graphic."}
+
+MACRO {toms} {"ACM Trans. Math. Software"}
+
+MACRO {toois} {"ACM Trans. Office Inf. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Trans. Progr. Lang. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tcs} {"Theor. Comput. Sci."}
+
+FUNCTION {bibinfo.check}
+{ swap$
+  duplicate$ missing$
+    {
+      pop$ pop$
+      ""
+    }
+    { duplicate$ empty$
+        {
+          swap$ pop$
+        }
+        { swap$
+          pop$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {bibinfo.warn}
+{ swap$
+  duplicate$ missing$
+    {
+      swap$ "missing " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ pop$
+      ""
+    }
+    { duplicate$ empty$
+        {
+          swap$ "empty " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$
+        }
+        { swap$
+          pop$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.url}
+{ url empty$
+    { "" }
+    { "\urlprefix\url{" url * "}" * }
+  if$
+}
+
+STRINGS  { bibinfo}
+INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }
+
+FUNCTION {format.names}
+{ 'bibinfo :=
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ {
+  's :=
+  "" 't :=
+  #1 'nameptr :=
+  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+  numnames 'namesleft :=
+    { namesleft #0 > }
+    { s nameptr
+      "{vv~}{ll}{ jj}{, f{.}.}"
+      format.name$
+      bibinfo bibinfo.check
+      't :=
+      nameptr #1 >
+        {
+          namesleft #1 >
+            { ", " * t * }
+            {
+              "," *
+              s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
+                { 't := }
+                { pop$ }
+              if$
+              t "others" =
+                {
+                  " " * bbl.etal *
+                }
+                { " " * t * }
+              if$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+        't
+      if$
+      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+    }
+  while$
+  } if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.names.ed}
+{
+  'bibinfo :=
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ {
+  's :=
+  "" 't :=
+  #1 'nameptr :=
+  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+  numnames 'namesleft :=
+    { namesleft #0 > }
+    { s nameptr
+      "{f{.}.~}{vv~}{ll}{ jj}"
+      format.name$
+      bibinfo bibinfo.check
+      't :=
+      nameptr #1 >
+        {
+          namesleft #1 >
+            { ", " * t * }
+            {
+              "," *
+              s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
+                { 't := }
+                { pop$ }
+              if$
+              t "others" =
+                {
+
+                  " " * bbl.etal *
+                }
+                { " " * t * }
+              if$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+        't
+      if$
+      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+    }
+  while$
+  } if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.authors}
+{ author "author" format.names
+}
+FUNCTION {get.bbl.editor}
+{ editor num.names$ #1 > 'bbl.editors 'bbl.editor if$ }
+
+FUNCTION {format.editors}
+{ editor "editor" format.names duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      " " *
+      get.bbl.editor
+   "(" swap$ * ")" *
+      *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.doi}
+{ doi "doi" bibinfo.check
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      new.block
+      "\doi{" swap$ * "}" *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.note}
+{
+ note empty$
+    { "" }
+    { note #1 #1 substring$
+      duplicate$ "{" =
+        'skip$
+        { output.state mid.sentence =
+          { "l" }
+          { "u" }
+        if$
+        change.case$
+        }
+      if$
+      note #2 global.max$ substring$ * "note" bibinfo.check
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.title}
+{ title
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    { "t" change.case$ }
+  if$
+  "title" bibinfo.check
+}
+FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
+{ newline$
+  "\bibitem{" write$
+  cite$ write$
+  "}" write$
+  newline$
+  ""
+  before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {if.digit}
+{ duplicate$ "0" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "1" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "2" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "3" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "4" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "5" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "6" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "7" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "8" =
+  swap$ "9" = or or or or or or or or or
+}
+FUNCTION {n.separate}
+{ 't :=
+  ""
+  #0 'numnames :=
+  { t empty$ not }
+  { t #-1 #1 substring$ if.digit
+      { numnames #1 + 'numnames := }
+      { #0 'numnames := }
+    if$
+    t #-1 #1 substring$ swap$ *
+    t #-2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+    numnames #5 =
+      { duplicate$ #1 #2 substring$ swap$
+        #3 global.max$ substring$
+        "," swap$ * *
+      }
+      'skip$
+    if$
+  }
+  while$
+}
+FUNCTION {n.dashify}
+{
+  't :=
+  ""
+    { t empty$ not }
+    { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
+        { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
+            { "--" *
+              t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+            }
+            {   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
+                { "-" *
+                  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+                }
+              while$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+        { t #1 #1 substring$ *
+          t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {word.in}
+{ bbl.in capitalize
+  ":" *
+  " " * }
+
+FUNCTION {format.date}
+{
+  ""
+  duplicate$ empty$
+  year  "year"  bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
+    { swap$ 'skip$
+        { "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$ }
+      if$
+      *
+    }
+    { swap$ 'skip$
+        {
+          swap$
+          " " * swap$
+        }
+      if$
+      *
+    }
+  if$
+  duplicate$ empty$
+    'skip$
+    {
+      before.all 'output.state :=
+    " (" swap$ * ")" *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.btitle}
+{ title "title" bibinfo.check
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {either.or.check}
+{ empty$
+    'pop$
+    { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
+{ volume empty$
+    { "" }
+    { bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.prefix
+      "volume" bibinfo.check * *
+      series "series" bibinfo.check
+      duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+        { emphasize ", " * swap$ * }
+      if$
+      "volume and number" number either.or.check
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.number.series}
+{ volume empty$
+    { number empty$
+        { series field.or.null }
+        { series empty$
+            { number "number" bibinfo.check }
+            { output.state mid.sentence =
+                { bbl.number }
+                { bbl.number capitalize }
+              if$
+              number tie.or.space.prefix "number" bibinfo.check * *
+              bbl.in space.word *
+              series "series" bibinfo.check *
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+    { "" }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.edition}
+{ edition duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      output.state mid.sentence =
+        { "l" }
+        { "t" }
+      if$ change.case$
+      "edition" bibinfo.check
+      " " * bbl.edition *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+INTEGERS { multiresult }
+FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
+{ 't :=
+  #0 'multiresult :=
+    { multiresult not
+      t empty$ not
+      and
+    }
+    { t #1 #1 substring$
+      duplicate$ "-" =
+      swap$ duplicate$ "," =
+      swap$ "+" =
+      or or
+        { #1 'multiresult := }
+        { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
+      if$
+    }
+  while$
+  multiresult
+}
+FUNCTION {format.pages}
+{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    { duplicate$ multi.page.check
+        {
+          bbl.pages swap$
+          n.dashify
+        }
+        {
+          bbl.page swap$
+        }
+      if$
+      tie.or.space.prefix
+      "pages" bibinfo.check
+      * *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.journal.pages}
+{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+    { swap$ duplicate$ empty$
+        { pop$ pop$ format.pages }
+        {
+          ", " *
+          swap$
+          n.dashify
+          "pages" bibinfo.check
+          *
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.journal.eid}
+{ eid "eid" bibinfo.check
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+    { swap$ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+      {
+          ", " *
+      }
+      if$
+      swap$ *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
+{ volume field.or.null
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      "volume" bibinfo.check
+    }
+  if$
+  bolden
+  number "number" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      swap$ duplicate$ empty$
+        { "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+      swap$
+      "(" swap$ * ")" *
+    }
+  if$ *
+  eid empty$
+    { format.journal.pages }
+    { format.journal.eid }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
+{ chapter empty$
+    'format.pages
+    { type empty$
+        { bbl.chapter }
+        { type "l" change.case$
+          "type" bibinfo.check
+        }
+      if$
+      chapter tie.or.space.prefix
+      "chapter" bibinfo.check
+      * *
+      pages empty$
+        'skip$
+        { ", " * format.pages * }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.booktitle}
+{
+  booktitle "booktitle" bibinfo.check
+}
+FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
+{ format.booktitle duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      format.bvolume duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+        { ", " swap$ * * }
+      if$
+      editor "editor" format.names.ed duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+        {
+          " " *
+          get.bbl.editor
+          "(" swap$ * ") " *
+          * swap$
+          * }
+      if$
+      word.in swap$ *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {empty.misc.check}
+{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$
+  month empty$ year empty$ note empty$
+  and and and and and
+  key empty$ not and
+    { "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
+{ type duplicate$ empty$
+    'pop$
+    { swap$ pop$
+      "t" change.case$ "type" bibinfo.check
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
+{ number "number" bibinfo.check
+  type duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ bbl.techrep }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+  "type" bibinfo.check
+  swap$ duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "t" change.case$ }
+    { tie.or.space.prefix * * }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
+{
+  key duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$
+      journal duplicate$ empty$
+        { "need key or journal for " cite$ * " to crossref " * crossref * warning$ }
+        { "journal" bibinfo.check emphasize word.in swap$ * }
+      if$
+    }
+    { word.in swap$ * " " *}
+  if$
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+FUNCTION {format.crossref.editor}
+{ editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+  "editor" bibinfo.check
+  editor num.names$ duplicate$
+  #2 >
+    { pop$
+      "editor" bibinfo.check
+      " " * bbl.etal
+      *
+    }
+    { #2 <
+        'skip$
+        { editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
+            {
+              "editor" bibinfo.check
+              " " * bbl.etal
+              *
+            }
+            {
+             bbl.and space.word
+              * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+              "editor" bibinfo.check
+              *
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
+{ volume duplicate$ empty$
+    { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
+      pop$ word.in
+    }
+    { bbl.volume
+      capitalize
+      swap$ tie.or.space.prefix "volume" bibinfo.check * * bbl.of space.word *
+    }
+  if$
+  editor empty$
+  editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
+  or
+    { key empty$
+        { series empty$
+            { "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
+              crossref * warning$
+              "" *
+            }
+            { series emphasize * }
+          if$
+        }
+        { key * }
+      if$
+    }
+    { format.crossref.editor * }
+  if$
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
+{
+  editor empty$
+  editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
+  or
+    { key empty$
+        { format.booktitle duplicate$ empty$
+            { "need editor, key, or booktitle for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
+              crossref * warning$
+            }
+            { word.in swap$ * }
+          if$
+        }
+        { word.in key * " " *}
+      if$
+    }
+    { word.in format.crossref.editor * " " *}
+  if$
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+FUNCTION {format.org.or.pub}
+{ 't :=
+  ""
+  address empty$ t empty$ and
+    'skip$
+    {
+      t empty$
+        { address "address" bibinfo.check *
+        }
+        { t *
+          address empty$
+            'skip$
+            { ", " * address "address" bibinfo.check * }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.publisher.address}
+{ publisher "publisher" bibinfo.warn format.org.or.pub
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.organization.address}
+{ organization "organization" bibinfo.check format.org.or.pub
+}
+
+FUNCTION {article}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.colon
+  new.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  crossref missing$
+    {
+      journal
+      "journal" bibinfo.check
+      "journal" output.check
+      add.blank
+      format.vol.num.pages output
+      format.date "year" output.check
+    }
+    { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {book}
+{ output.bibitem
+  author empty$
+    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+      add.colon
+    }
+    { format.authors output.nonnull
+      add.colon
+      crossref missing$
+        { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  new.block
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.bvolume output
+      format.edition output
+      new.block
+      format.number.series output
+      new.sentence
+      format.publisher.address output
+    }
+    {
+      new.block
+      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+    }
+  if$
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {booklet}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors output
+  add.colon
+  new.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
+  address "address" bibinfo.check output
+  format.date output
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inbook}
+{ output.bibitem
+  author empty$
+    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+      add.colon
+    }
+    { format.authors output.nonnull
+      add.colon
+      crossref missing$
+        { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  new.block
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  crossref missing$
+    {
+      format.bvolume output
+      format.edition output
+      format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+      new.block
+      format.number.series output
+      new.sentence
+      format.publisher.address output
+    }
+    {
+      format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+      new.block
+      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+    }
+  if$
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {incollection}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.colon
+  new.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+      format.number.series output
+      format.edition output
+      format.chapter.pages output
+      new.sentence
+      format.publisher.address output
+      format.date "year" output.check
+    }
+    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.chapter.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {inproceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.colon
+  new.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+      format.number.series output
+      format.pages output
+      new.sentence
+      publisher empty$
+        { format.organization.address output }
+        { organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+          format.publisher.address output
+        }
+      if$
+      format.date "year" output.check
+    }
+    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }
+FUNCTION {manual}
+{ output.bibitem
+  author empty$
+    { organization "organization" bibinfo.check
+      duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+        { output
+          address "address" bibinfo.check output
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+    { format.authors output.nonnull }
+  if$
+  add.colon
+  new.block
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  author empty$
+    { organization empty$
+        {
+          address new.block.checka
+          address "address" bibinfo.check output
+        }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+    }
+    {
+      organization address new.block.checkb
+      organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+      address "address" bibinfo.check output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.edition output
+  format.date output
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.colon
+  new.block
+  format.title
+  "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  bbl.mthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+  school "school" bibinfo.warn output
+  address "address" bibinfo.check output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {misc}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors output
+  add.colon
+  title howpublished new.block.checkb
+  format.title output
+  howpublished new.block.checka
+  howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
+  format.date output
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+  empty.misc.check
+}
+FUNCTION {phdthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.colon
+  new.block
+  format.title
+  "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  bbl.phdthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+  school "school" bibinfo.warn output
+  address "address" bibinfo.check output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {proceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+  editor empty$
+    { organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+    }
+    { format.editors output.nonnull }
+  if$
+  add.colon
+  new.block
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  format.bvolume output
+  format.number.series output
+  editor empty$
+    { publisher empty$
+        'skip$
+        {
+          new.sentence
+          format.publisher.address output
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+    { publisher empty$
+        {
+          new.sentence
+          format.organization.address output }
+        {
+          new.sentence
+          organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+          format.publisher.address output
+        }
+      if$
+     }
+  if$
+      format.date "year" output.check
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {techreport}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.colon
+  new.block
+  format.title
+  "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  format.tr.number output.nonnull
+  institution "institution" bibinfo.warn output
+  address "address" bibinfo.check output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {unpublished}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.colon
+  new.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  format.date output
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note "note" output.check
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }
+READ
+FUNCTION {sortify}
+{ purify$
+  "l" change.case$
+}
+INTEGERS { len }
+FUNCTION {chop.word}
+{ 's :=
+  'len :=
+  s #1 len substring$ =
+    { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
+    's
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {sort.format.names}
+{ 's :=
+  #1 'nameptr :=
+  ""
+  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+  numnames 'namesleft :=
+    { namesleft #0 > }
+    { s nameptr
+      "{ll{ }}{  f{ }}{  jj{ }}"
+      format.name$ 't :=
+      nameptr #1 >
+        {
+          "   "  *
+          namesleft #1 = t "others" = and
+            { "zzzzz" * }
+            { t sortify * }
+          if$
+        }
+        { t sortify * }
+      if$
+      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+    }
+  while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
+{ 't :=
+  "A " #2
+    "An " #3
+      "The " #4 t chop.word
+    chop.word
+  chop.word
+  sortify
+  #1 global.max$ substring$
+}
+FUNCTION {author.sort}
+{ author empty$
+    { key empty$
+        { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
+          ""
+        }
+        { key sortify }
+      if$
+    }
+    { author sort.format.names }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
+{ author empty$
+    { editor empty$
+        { key empty$
+            { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
+              ""
+            }
+            { key sortify }
+          if$
+        }
+        { editor sort.format.names }
+      if$
+    }
+    { author sort.format.names }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {author.organization.sort}
+{ author empty$
+    { organization empty$
+        { key empty$
+            { "to sort, need author, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
+              ""
+            }
+            { key sortify }
+          if$
+        }
+        { "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify }
+      if$
+    }
+    { author sort.format.names }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {editor.organization.sort}
+{ editor empty$
+    { organization empty$
+        { key empty$
+            { "to sort, need editor, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
+              ""
+            }
+            { key sortify }
+          if$
+        }
+        { "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify }
+      if$
+    }
+    { editor sort.format.names }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {presort}
+{ type$ "book" =
+  type$ "inbook" =
+  or
+    'author.editor.sort
+    { type$ "proceedings" =
+        'editor.organization.sort
+        { type$ "manual" =
+            'author.organization.sort
+            'author.sort
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  "    "
+  *
+  year field.or.null sortify
+  *
+  "    "
+  *
+  title field.or.null
+  sort.format.title
+  *
+  #1 entry.max$ substring$
+  'sort.key$ :=
+}
+ITERATE {presort}
+SORT
+STRINGS { longest.label }
+INTEGERS { number.label longest.label.width }
+FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label}
+{ "" 'longest.label :=
+  #1 'number.label :=
+  #0 'longest.label.width :=
+}
+FUNCTION {longest.label.pass}
+{ number.label int.to.str$ 'label :=
+  number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
+  label width$ longest.label.width >
+    { label 'longest.label :=
+      label width$ 'longest.label.width :=
+    }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label}
+ITERATE {longest.label.pass}
+FUNCTION {begin.bib}
+{ preamble$ empty$
+    'skip$
+    { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
+  if$
+  "\begin{thebibliography}{"  longest.label  * "}" *
+  write$ newline$
+  "\providecommand{\url}[1]{{#1}}"
+  write$ newline$
+  "\providecommand{\urlprefix}{URL }"
+  write$ newline$
+  "\expandafter\ifx\csname urlstyle\endcsname\relax"
+  write$ newline$
+  "  \providecommand{\doi}[1]{DOI~\discretionary{}{}{}#1}\else"
+  write$ newline$
+  "  \providecommand{\doi}{DOI~\discretionary{}{}{}\begingroup \urlstyle{rm}\Url}\fi"
+  write$ newline$
+}
+EXECUTE {begin.bib}
+EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
+ITERATE {call.type$}
+FUNCTION {end.bib}
+{ newline$
+  "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
+}
+EXECUTE {end.bib}
+%% End of customized bst file
+%%
+%% End of file `spmpsci.bst'.
+
diff --git a/spphys.bst b/spphys.bst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..62acb29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spphys.bst
@@ -0,0 +1,1442 @@
+%%
+%% This is file `spphys.bst',
+%% generated with the docstrip utility.
+%%
+%% The original source files were:
+%%
+%% merlin.mbs  (with options: `seq-no,vonx,nm-init,ed-au,yr-par,xmth,jtit-x,jttl-rm,thtit-a,vol-bf,volp-com,jpg-1,pgsep-c,num-xser,ser-vol,ser-ed,jnm-x,pub-date,pre-pub,doi,edpar,edby,fin-bare,pp,ed,abr,ord,jabr,xand,url,url-blk,nfss,')
+%% ----------------------------------------
+%%********************************************************************************%%
+%%                                                                                %%
+%% For Springer physics publications. Based on the APS reference style.           %%
+%% Report bugs and improvements to: Joylene Vette-Guillaume or Frank Holzwarth    %%
+%%                                              Springer-Verlag 2004/10/15        %%
+%%                                                                                %%
+%%********************************************************************************%%
+%%
+%% Copyright 1994-2004 Patrick W Daly
+ % ===============================================================
+ % IMPORTANT NOTICE:
+ % This bibliographic style (bst) file has been generated from one or
+ % more master bibliographic style (mbs) files, listed above.
+ %
+ % This generated file can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms
+ % of the LaTeX Project Public License Distributed from CTAN
+ % archives in directory macros/latex/base/lppl.txt; either
+ % version 1 of the License, or any later version.
+ % ===============================================================
+ % Name and version information of the main mbs file:
+ % \ProvidesFile{merlin.mbs}[2004/02/09 4.13 (PWD, AO, DPC)]
+ %   For use with BibTeX version 0.99a or later
+ %-------------------------------------------------------------------
+ % This bibliography style file is intended for texts in ENGLISH
+ % This is a numerical citation style, and as such is standard LaTeX.
+ % It requires no extra package to interface to the main text.
+ % The form of the \bibitem entries is
+ %   \bibitem{key}...
+ % Usage of \cite is as follows:
+ %   \cite{key} ==>>          [#]
+ %   \cite[chap. 2]{key} ==>> [#, chap. 2]
+ % where # is a number determined by the ordering in the reference list.
+ % The order in the reference list is that by which the works were originally
+ %   cited in the text, or that in the database.
+ %---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ENTRY
+  { address
+    author
+    booktitle
+    chapter
+    doi
+    edition
+    editor
+    eid
+    howpublished
+    institution
+    journal
+    key
+    month
+    note
+    number
+    organization
+    pages
+    publisher
+    school
+    series
+    title
+    type
+    url
+    volume
+    year
+  }
+  {}
+  { label }
+INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }
+FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
+{ #0 'before.all :=
+  #1 'mid.sentence :=
+  #2 'after.sentence :=
+  #3 'after.block :=
+}
+STRINGS { s t}
+FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
+{ 's :=
+  output.state mid.sentence =
+    { ", " * write$ }
+    { output.state after.block =
+        { add.period$ write$
+          newline$
+          "\newblock " write$
+        }
+        { output.state before.all =
+            'write$
+            { add.period$ " " * write$ }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+    }
+  if$
+  s
+}
+FUNCTION {output}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    'pop$
+    'output.nonnull
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {output.check}
+{ 't :=
+  duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+    'output.nonnull
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {fin.entry}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    'pop$
+    'write$
+  if$
+  newline$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block}
+{ output.state before.all =
+    'skip$
+    { after.block 'output.state := }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {new.sentence}
+{ output.state after.block =
+    'skip$
+    { output.state before.all =
+        'skip$
+        { after.sentence 'output.state := }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {add.blank}
+{  " " * before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {add.comma}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    'skip$
+    { "," * add.blank }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {date.block}
+{
+  new.block
+}
+
+FUNCTION {not}
+{   { #0 }
+    { #1 }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {and}
+{   'skip$
+    { pop$ #0 }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {or}
+{   { pop$ #1 }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {new.block.checka}
+{ empty$
+    'skip$
+    'new.block
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
+{ empty$
+  swap$ empty$
+  and
+    'skip$
+    'new.block
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {new.sentence.checka}
+{ empty$
+    'skip$
+    'new.sentence
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {new.sentence.checkb}
+{ empty$
+  swap$ empty$
+  and
+    'skip$
+    'new.sentence
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {field.or.null}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "" }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {emphasize}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "" }
+    { "\emph{" swap$ * "}" * }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {bolden}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "" }
+    { "\textbf{" swap$ * "}" * }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {tie.or.space.prefix}
+{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
+    { "~" }
+    { " " }
+  if$
+  swap$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {capitalize}
+{ "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$ }
+
+FUNCTION {space.word}
+{ " " swap$ * " " * }
+ % Here are the language-specific definitions for explicit words.
+ % Each function has a name bbl.xxx where xxx is the English word.
+ % The language selected here is ENGLISH
+FUNCTION {bbl.and}
+{ "and"}
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.etal}
+{ "et~al." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.editors}
+{ "eds." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.editor}
+{ "ed." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.edby}
+{ "ed. by" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.edition}
+{ "edn." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.volume}
+{ "vol." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.of}
+{ "of" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.number}
+{ "no." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.nr}
+{ "no." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.in}
+{ "in" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.pages}
+{ "pp." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.page}
+{ "p." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.chapter}
+{ "chap." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.techrep}
+{ "Tech. Rep." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis}
+{ "Master's thesis" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis}
+{ "Ph.D. thesis" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.first}
+{ "1st" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.second}
+{ "2nd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.third}
+{ "3rd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.fourth}
+{ "4th" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.fifth}
+{ "5th" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.st}
+{ "st" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.nd}
+{ "nd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.rd}
+{ "rd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.th}
+{ "th" }
+
+MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}
+
+MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}
+
+MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}
+
+MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}
+
+MACRO {may} {"May"}
+
+MACRO {jun} {"Jun."}
+
+MACRO {jul} {"Jul."}
+
+MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}
+
+MACRO {sep} {"Sep."}
+
+MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}
+
+MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}
+
+MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}
+
+FUNCTION {eng.ord}
+{ duplicate$ "1" swap$ *
+  #-2 #1 substring$ "1" =
+     { bbl.th * }
+     { duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$
+       duplicate$ "1" =
+         { pop$ bbl.st * }
+         { duplicate$ "2" =
+             { pop$ bbl.nd * }
+             { "3" =
+                 { bbl.rd * }
+                 { bbl.th * }
+               if$
+             }
+           if$
+          }
+       if$
+     }
+   if$
+}
+
+MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Comput. Surv."}
+
+MACRO {acta} {"Acta Inf."}
+
+MACRO {cacm} {"Commun. ACM"}
+
+MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM J. Res. Dev."}
+
+MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Syst.~J."}
+
+MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Trans. Software Eng."}
+
+MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Trans. Comput."}
+
+MACRO {ieeetcad}
+ {"IEEE Trans. Comput. Aid. Des."}
+
+MACRO {ipl} {"Inf. Process. Lett."}
+
+MACRO {jacm} {"J.~ACM"}
+
+MACRO {jcss} {"J.~Comput. Syst. Sci."}
+
+MACRO {scp} {"Sci. Comput. Program."}
+
+MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM J. Comput."}
+
+MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Trans. Comput. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tods} {"ACM Trans. Database Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tog} {"ACM Trans. Graphic."}
+
+MACRO {toms} {"ACM Trans. Math. Software"}
+
+MACRO {toois} {"ACM Trans. Office Inf. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Trans. Progr. Lang. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tcs} {"Theor. Comput. Sci."}
+
+FUNCTION {bibinfo.check}
+{ swap$
+  duplicate$ missing$
+    {
+      pop$ pop$
+      ""
+    }
+    { duplicate$ empty$
+        {
+          swap$ pop$
+        }
+        { swap$
+          pop$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {bibinfo.warn}
+{ swap$
+  duplicate$ missing$
+    {
+      swap$ "missing " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ pop$
+      ""
+    }
+    { duplicate$ empty$
+        {
+          swap$ "empty " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$
+        }
+        { swap$
+          pop$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.url}
+{ url empty$
+    { "" }
+    { "\urlprefix\url{" url * "}" * }
+  if$
+}
+
+STRINGS  { bibinfo}
+INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }
+
+FUNCTION {format.names}
+{ 'bibinfo :=
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ {
+  's :=
+  "" 't :=
+  #1 'nameptr :=
+  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+  numnames 'namesleft :=
+    { namesleft #0 > }
+    { s nameptr
+      "{f{.}.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}"
+      format.name$
+      bibinfo bibinfo.check
+      't :=
+      nameptr #1 >
+        {
+          namesleft #1 >
+            { ", " * t * }
+            {
+              "," *
+              s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
+                { 't := }
+                { pop$ }
+              if$
+              t "others" =
+                {
+                  " " * bbl.etal *
+                }
+                { " " * t * }
+              if$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+        't
+      if$
+      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+    }
+  while$
+  } if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.names.ed}
+{
+  format.names
+}
+FUNCTION {format.authors}
+{ author "author" format.names
+}
+FUNCTION {get.bbl.editor}
+{ editor num.names$ #1 > 'bbl.editors 'bbl.editor if$ }
+
+FUNCTION {format.editors}
+{ editor "editor" format.names duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      " " *
+      get.bbl.editor
+   "(" swap$ * ")" *
+      *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.doi}
+{ doi "doi" bibinfo.check
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      new.block
+      "\doi{" swap$ * "}" *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.note}
+{
+ note empty$
+    { "" }
+    { note #1 #1 substring$
+      duplicate$ "{" =
+        'skip$
+        { output.state mid.sentence =
+          { "l" }
+          { "u" }
+        if$
+        change.case$
+        }
+      if$
+      note #2 global.max$ substring$ * "note" bibinfo.check
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.title}
+{ title
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    { "t" change.case$ }
+  if$
+  "title" bibinfo.check
+}
+FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
+{ newline$
+  "\bibitem{" write$
+  cite$ write$
+  "}" write$
+  newline$
+  ""
+  before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {if.digit}
+{ duplicate$ "0" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "1" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "2" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "3" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "4" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "5" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "6" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "7" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "8" =
+  swap$ "9" = or or or or or or or or or
+}
+FUNCTION {n.separate}
+{ 't :=
+  ""
+  #0 'numnames :=
+  { t empty$ not }
+  { t #-1 #1 substring$ if.digit
+      { numnames #1 + 'numnames := }
+      { #0 'numnames := }
+    if$
+    t #-1 #1 substring$ swap$ *
+    t #-2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+    numnames #5 =
+      { duplicate$ #1 #2 substring$ swap$
+        #3 global.max$ substring$
+        "," swap$ * *
+      }
+      'skip$
+    if$
+  }
+  while$
+}
+FUNCTION {n.dashify}
+{
+  n.separate
+  't :=
+  ""
+    { t empty$ not }
+    { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
+        { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
+            { "--" *
+              t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+            }
+            {   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
+                { "-" *
+                  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+                }
+              while$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+        { t #1 #1 substring$ *
+          t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {word.in}
+{ bbl.in
+  " " * }
+
+FUNCTION {format.date}
+{
+  ""
+  duplicate$ empty$
+  year  "year"  bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
+    { swap$ 'skip$
+        { "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$ }
+      if$
+      *
+    }
+    { swap$ 'skip$
+        {
+          swap$
+          " " * swap$
+        }
+      if$
+      *
+    }
+  if$
+  duplicate$ empty$
+    'skip$
+    {
+      before.all 'output.state :=
+    " (" swap$ * ")" *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.btitle}
+{ title "title" bibinfo.check
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      emphasize
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {either.or.check}
+{ empty$
+    'pop$
+    { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
+{ volume empty$
+    { "" }
+    { bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.prefix
+      "volume" bibinfo.check * *
+      series "series" bibinfo.check
+      duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+        { emphasize ", " * swap$ * }
+      if$
+      "volume and number" number either.or.check
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.number.series}
+{ volume empty$
+    { number empty$
+        { series field.or.null }
+        { series empty$
+            { number "number" bibinfo.check }
+            { output.state mid.sentence =
+                { bbl.number }
+                { bbl.number capitalize }
+              if$
+              number tie.or.space.prefix "number" bibinfo.check * *
+              bbl.in space.word *
+              series "series" bibinfo.check *
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+    { "" }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {is.num}
+{ chr.to.int$
+  duplicate$ "0" chr.to.int$ < not
+  swap$ "9" chr.to.int$ > not and
+}
+
+FUNCTION {extract.num}
+{ duplicate$ 't :=
+  "" 's :=
+  { t empty$ not }
+  { t #1 #1 substring$
+    t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+    duplicate$ is.num
+      { s swap$ * 's := }
+      { pop$ "" 't := }
+    if$
+  }
+  while$
+  s empty$
+    'skip$
+    { pop$ s }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {convert.edition}
+{ extract.num "l" change.case$ 's :=
+  s "first" = s "1" = or
+    { bbl.first 't := }
+    { s "second" = s "2" = or
+        { bbl.second 't := }
+        { s "third" = s "3" = or
+            { bbl.third 't := }
+            { s "fourth" = s "4" = or
+                { bbl.fourth 't := }
+                { s "fifth" = s "5" = or
+                    { bbl.fifth 't := }
+                    { s #1 #1 substring$ is.num
+                        { s eng.ord 't := }
+                        { edition 't := }
+                      if$
+                    }
+                  if$
+                }
+              if$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  t
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.edition}
+{ edition duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      convert.edition
+      output.state mid.sentence =
+        { "l" }
+        { "t" }
+      if$ change.case$
+      "edition" bibinfo.check
+      " " * bbl.edition *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+INTEGERS { multiresult }
+FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
+{ 't :=
+  #0 'multiresult :=
+    { multiresult not
+      t empty$ not
+      and
+    }
+    { t #1 #1 substring$
+      duplicate$ "-" =
+      swap$ duplicate$ "," =
+      swap$ "+" =
+      or or
+        { #1 'multiresult := }
+        { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
+      if$
+    }
+  while$
+  multiresult
+}
+FUNCTION {format.pages}
+{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    { duplicate$ multi.page.check
+        {
+          bbl.pages swap$
+          n.dashify
+        }
+        {
+          bbl.page swap$
+        }
+      if$
+      tie.or.space.prefix
+      "pages" bibinfo.check
+      * *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {first.page}
+{ 't :=
+  ""
+    {  t empty$ not t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = not and }
+    { t #1 #1 substring$ *
+      t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+    }
+  while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.journal.pages}
+{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+    { swap$ duplicate$ empty$
+        { pop$ pop$ format.pages }
+        {
+          ", " *
+          swap$
+          first.page
+          "pages" bibinfo.check
+          *
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.journal.eid}
+{ eid "eid" bibinfo.check
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+    { swap$ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+      {
+          ", " *
+      }
+      if$
+      swap$ *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
+{ volume field.or.null
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      "volume" bibinfo.check
+    }
+  if$
+  bolden
+  number "number" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      swap$ duplicate$ empty$
+        { "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+      swap$
+      "(" swap$ * ")" *
+    }
+  if$ *
+  eid empty$
+    { format.journal.pages }
+    { format.journal.eid }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
+{ chapter empty$
+    'format.pages
+    { type empty$
+        { bbl.chapter }
+        { type "l" change.case$
+          "type" bibinfo.check
+        }
+      if$
+      chapter tie.or.space.prefix
+      "chapter" bibinfo.check
+      * *
+      pages empty$
+        'skip$
+        { ", " * format.pages * }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.booktitle}
+{
+  booktitle "booktitle" bibinfo.check
+  emphasize
+}
+FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
+{ format.booktitle duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      format.bvolume duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+        { ", " swap$ * * }
+      if$
+      editor "editor" format.names.ed duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+        {
+          bbl.edby
+          " " * swap$ *
+          swap$
+          "," *
+          " " * swap$
+          * }
+      if$
+      word.in swap$ *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {empty.misc.check}
+{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$
+  month empty$ year empty$ note empty$
+  and and and and and
+    { "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
+{ type duplicate$ empty$
+    'pop$
+    { swap$ pop$
+      "t" change.case$ "type" bibinfo.check
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
+{ number "number" bibinfo.check
+  type duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ bbl.techrep }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+  "type" bibinfo.check
+  swap$ duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "t" change.case$ }
+    { tie.or.space.prefix * * }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
+{
+  key duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$
+      journal duplicate$ empty$
+        { "need key or journal for " cite$ * " to crossref " * crossref * warning$ }
+        { "journal" bibinfo.check emphasize word.in swap$ * }
+      if$
+    }
+    { word.in swap$ * " " *}
+  if$
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+FUNCTION {format.crossref.editor}
+{ editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+  "editor" bibinfo.check
+  editor num.names$ duplicate$
+  #2 >
+    { pop$
+      "editor" bibinfo.check
+      " " * bbl.etal
+      *
+    }
+    { #2 <
+        'skip$
+        { editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
+            {
+              "editor" bibinfo.check
+              " " * bbl.etal
+              *
+            }
+            {
+             bbl.and space.word
+              * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+              "editor" bibinfo.check
+              *
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
+{ volume duplicate$ empty$
+    { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
+      pop$ word.in
+    }
+    { bbl.volume
+      capitalize
+      swap$ tie.or.space.prefix "volume" bibinfo.check * * bbl.of space.word *
+    }
+  if$
+  editor empty$
+  editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
+  or
+    { key empty$
+        { series empty$
+            { "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
+              crossref * warning$
+              "" *
+            }
+            { series emphasize * }
+          if$
+        }
+        { key * }
+      if$
+    }
+    { format.crossref.editor * }
+  if$
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
+{
+  editor empty$
+  editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
+  or
+    { key empty$
+        { format.booktitle duplicate$ empty$
+            { "need editor, key, or booktitle for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
+              crossref * warning$
+            }
+            { word.in swap$ * }
+          if$
+        }
+        { word.in key * " " *}
+      if$
+    }
+    { word.in format.crossref.editor * " " *}
+  if$
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+FUNCTION {format.org.or.pub}
+{ 't :=
+  ""
+  year empty$
+    { "empty year in " cite$ * warning$ }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+  address empty$ t empty$ and
+  year empty$ and
+    'skip$
+    {
+      add.blank "(" *
+      t empty$
+        { address "address" bibinfo.check *
+        }
+        { t *
+          address empty$
+            'skip$
+            { ", " * address "address" bibinfo.check * }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+      year empty$
+        'skip$
+        { t empty$ address empty$ and
+            'skip$
+            { ", " * }
+          if$
+          year "year" bibinfo.check
+          *
+        }
+      if$
+      ")" *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.publisher.address}
+{ publisher "publisher" bibinfo.warn format.org.or.pub
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.organization.address}
+{ organization "organization" bibinfo.check format.org.or.pub
+}
+
+FUNCTION {article}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.comma
+  crossref missing$
+    {
+      journal
+      "journal" bibinfo.check
+      "journal" output.check
+      add.blank
+      format.vol.num.pages output
+      format.date "year" output.check
+    }
+    { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {book}
+{ output.bibitem
+  author empty$
+    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+    }
+    { format.authors output.nonnull
+      crossref missing$
+        { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  add.comma
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.bvolume output
+      format.edition output
+      new.block
+      format.number.series output
+      new.sentence
+      format.publisher.address output
+    }
+    {
+      new.block
+      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.date "year" output.check
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {booklet}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors output
+  add.comma
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
+  address "address" bibinfo.check output
+  format.date output
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inbook}
+{ output.bibitem
+  author empty$
+    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+    }
+    { format.authors output.nonnull
+      crossref missing$
+        { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  add.comma
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  crossref missing$
+    {
+      format.publisher.address output
+      format.bvolume output
+      format.edition output
+      format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+      new.block
+      format.number.series output
+      new.sentence
+    }
+    {
+      format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+      new.block
+      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.date "year" output.check
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {incollection}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.comma
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+      format.edition output
+      format.number.series output
+      format.publisher.address output
+      format.chapter.pages output
+      new.sentence
+    }
+    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.chapter.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {inproceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.comma
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+      new.sentence
+      publisher empty$
+        { format.organization.address output }
+        { organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+          format.publisher.address output
+        }
+      if$
+      format.bvolume output
+      format.number.series output
+      format.pages output
+    }
+    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }
+FUNCTION {manual}
+{ output.bibitem
+  author empty$
+    { organization "organization" bibinfo.check
+      duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+        { output
+          address "address" bibinfo.check output
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+    { format.authors output.nonnull }
+  if$
+  add.comma
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  author empty$
+    { organization empty$
+        {
+          address new.block.checka
+          address "address" bibinfo.check output
+        }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+    }
+    {
+      organization address new.block.checkb
+      organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+      address "address" bibinfo.check output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.edition output
+  format.date output
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.comma
+  format.title
+  "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  bbl.mthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+  school "school" bibinfo.warn output
+  address "address" bibinfo.check output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {misc}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors output
+  title howpublished new.block.checkb
+  format.title output
+  howpublished new.block.checka
+  howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
+  format.date output
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+  empty.misc.check
+}
+FUNCTION {phdthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.comma
+  format.title
+  "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  bbl.phdthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+  school "school" bibinfo.warn output
+  address "address" bibinfo.check output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {proceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+  editor empty$
+    { organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+    }
+    { format.editors output.nonnull }
+  if$
+  new.block
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  format.bvolume output
+  format.number.series output
+  editor empty$
+    { publisher empty$
+        'skip$
+        {
+          new.sentence
+          format.publisher.address output
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+    { publisher empty$
+        {
+          new.sentence
+          format.organization.address output }
+        {
+          new.sentence
+          organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+          format.publisher.address output
+        }
+      if$
+     }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {techreport}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.comma
+  format.title
+  "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  format.tr.number output.nonnull
+  institution "institution" bibinfo.warn output
+  address "address" bibinfo.check output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {unpublished}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.comma
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  format.date output
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note "note" output.check
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }
+READ
+STRINGS { longest.label }
+INTEGERS { number.label longest.label.width }
+FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label}
+{ "" 'longest.label :=
+  #1 'number.label :=
+  #0 'longest.label.width :=
+}
+FUNCTION {longest.label.pass}
+{ number.label int.to.str$ 'label :=
+  number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
+  label width$ longest.label.width >
+    { label 'longest.label :=
+      label width$ 'longest.label.width :=
+    }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label}
+ITERATE {longest.label.pass}
+FUNCTION {begin.bib}
+{ preamble$ empty$
+    'skip$
+    { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
+  if$
+  "\begin{thebibliography}{"  longest.label  * "}" *
+  write$ newline$
+  "\providecommand{\url}[1]{{#1}}"
+  write$ newline$
+  "\providecommand{\urlprefix}{URL }"
+  write$ newline$
+  "\expandafter\ifx\csname urlstyle\endcsname\relax"
+  write$ newline$
+  "  \providecommand{\doi}[1]{DOI \discretionary{}{}{}#1}\else"
+  write$ newline$
+  "  \providecommand{\doi}{DOI \discretionary{}{}{}\begingroup \urlstyle{rm}\Url}\fi"
+  write$ newline$
+}
+EXECUTE {begin.bib}
+EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
+ITERATE {call.type$}
+FUNCTION {end.bib}
+{ newline$
+  "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
+}
+EXECUTE {end.bib}
+%% End of customized bst file
+%%
+%% End of file `spphys.bst'.
+
diff --git a/svind.ist b/svind.ist
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..11bf366
--- /dev/null
+++ b/svind.ist
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+headings_flag 1
+heading_prefix "{\\bf "
+heading_suffix "}\\nopagebreak%\n \\indexspace\\nopagebreak%"
+delim_0 "\\idxquad "
+delim_1 "\\idxquad "
+delim_2 "\\idxquad "
+delim_n ",\\,"
diff --git a/svindd.ist b/svindd.ist
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29ac73a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/svindd.ist
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+quote '+'
+headings_flag 1
+heading_prefix "{\\bf "
+heading_suffix "}\\nopagebreak%\n \\indexspace\\nopagebreak%"
+delim_0 "\\idxquad "
+delim_1 "\\idxquad "
+delim_2 "\\idxquad "
+delim_n ",\\,"
diff --git a/svmono.cls b/svmono.cls
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4acb5e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/svmono.cls
@@ -0,0 +1,2265 @@
+% SVMONO DOCUMENT CLASS -- version 5.6 (25-June-18)
+% Springer Verlag global LaTeX2e support for monographs
+%%
+%%
+%% \CharacterTable
+%%  {Upper-case    \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
+%%   Lower-case    \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
+%%   Digits        \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
+%%   Exclamation   \!     Double quote  \"     Hash (number) \#
+%%   Dollar        \$     Percent       \%     Ampersand     \&
+%%   Acute accent  \'     Left paren    \(     Right paren   \)
+%%   Asterisk      \*     Plus          \+     Comma         \,
+%%   Minus         \-     Point         \.     Solidus       \/
+%%   Colon         \:     Semicolon     \;     Less than     \<
+%%   Equals        \=     Greater than  \>     Question mark \?
+%%   Commercial at \@     Left bracket  \[     Backslash     \\
+%%   Right bracket \]     Circumflex    \^     Underscore    \_
+%%   Grave accent  \`     Left brace    \{     Vertical bar  \|
+%%   Right brace   \}     Tilde         \~}
+%%
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]
+\ProvidesClass{svmono}[2018/06/25 v5.6
+^^JSpringer Verlag global LaTeX document class for monographs]
+%
+% Options
+% citations
+\DeclareOption{natbib}{\ExecuteOptions{oribibl}%
+\AtEndOfClass{% Loading package 'NATBIB'
+\RequirePackage{natbib}
+% Changing some parameters of NATBIB
+\setlength{\bibhang}{\parindent}
+%\setlength{\bibsep}{0mm}
+\let\bibfont=\small
+\def\@biblabel#1{#1.}
+\newcommand{\etal}{\textit{et al}.}
+%\bibpunct[,]{(}{)}{;}{a}{}{,}}}
+}}
+% Springer environment
+\let\if@spthms\iftrue
+\DeclareOption{nospthms}{\let\if@spthms\iffalse}
+%
+\let\envankh\@empty   % no anchor for "theorems"
+%
+\let\if@envcntreset\iffalse % environment counter is not reset
+\let\if@envcntresetsect=\iffalse % reset each section
+\DeclareOption{envcountresetchap}{\let\if@envcntreset\iftrue}
+\DeclareOption{envcountresetsect}{\let\if@envcntreset\iftrue
+\let\if@envcntresetsect=\iftrue}
+%
+\let\if@envcntsame\iffalse  % NOT all environments work like "Theorem",
+                            % each using its own counter
+\DeclareOption{envcountsame}{\let\if@envcntsame\iftrue}
+%
+\let\if@envcntshowhiercnt=\iffalse % do not show hierarchy counter at all
+%
+% enhance theorem counter
+\DeclareOption{envcountchap}{\def\envankh{chapter}% show \thechapter along with theorem number
+\let\if@envcntshowhiercnt=\iftrue
+\ExecuteOptions{envcountreset}}
+%
+\DeclareOption{envcountsect}{\def\envankh{section}% show \thesection along with theorem number
+\let\if@envcntshowhiercnt=\iftrue
+\ExecuteOptions{envcountreset}}
+%
+% languages
+\let\switcht@@therlang\relax
+\let\svlanginfo\relax
+\def\ds@deutsch{\def\switcht@@therlang{\switcht@deutsch}%
+\gdef\svlanginfo{\typeout{Man spricht deutsch.}\global\let\svlanginfo\relax}}
+\def\ds@francais{\def\switcht@@therlang{\switcht@francais}%
+\gdef\svlanginfo{\typeout{On parle francais.}\global\let\svlanginfo\relax}}
+%
+\AtBeginDocument{\@ifundefined{url}{\def\url#1{#1}}{}%
+\@ifpackageloaded{babel}{%
+\@ifundefined{extrasamerican}{}{\addto\extrasamerican{\switcht@albion}}%
+\@ifundefined{extrasaustralian}{}{\addto\extrasaustralian{\switcht@albion}}%
+\@ifundefined{extrasbritish}{}{\addto\extrasbritish{\switcht@albion}}%
+\@ifundefined{extrascanadian}{}{\addto\extrascanadian{\switcht@albion}}%
+\@ifundefined{extrasenglish}{}{\addto\extrasenglish{\switcht@albion}}%
+\@ifundefined{extrasnewzealand}{}{\addto\extrasnewzealand{\switcht@albion}}%
+\@ifundefined{extrasUKenglish}{}{\addto\extrasUKenglish{\switcht@albion}}%
+\@ifundefined{extrasUSenglish}{}{\addto\extrasUSenglish{\switcht@albion}}%
+\@ifundefined{captionsfrench}{}{\addto\captionsfrench{\switcht@francais}}%
+\@ifundefined{extrasgerman}{}{\addto\extrasgerman{\switcht@deutsch}}%
+\@ifundefined{extrasngerman}{}{\addto\extrasngerman{\switcht@deutsch}}%
+}{\switcht@@therlang}%
+}
+% numbering style of floats, equations
+\newif\if@numart   \@numartfalse
+\DeclareOption{numart}{\@numarttrue}
+% numbering of headings
+\let\if@chapnum=\iftrue
+\def\nixchapnum{\let\if@chapnum\iffalse}
+\def\numstyle{0}
+\DeclareOption{nosecnum}{\def\numstyle{1}}%
+\DeclareOption{nochapnum}{\def\numstyle{2}}%
+\DeclareOption{nonum}{\def\numstyle{3}}%
+\def\set@numbering{\ifcase\numstyle \if@numart\else\num@book\fi %default
+\or % 1-case - no \section-numbers
+\setcounter{secnumdepth}{0}\if@numart\else\num@book\fi
+\or % 2-case
+\if@numart\else\num@spezart\fi
+% chapter not numbered, but \sections are
+\def\thesection{\@arabic\c@section}%
+\nixchapnum
+\or % 3-case
+% neither chapter nor sections numbered + "numart"
+\nixchapnum
+\setcounter{secnumdepth}{0}%
+\else\fi}
+\AtEndOfClass{\set@numbering}
+% style for vectors
+\DeclareOption{vecphys}{\def\vec@style{phys}}
+\DeclareOption{vecarrow}{\def\vec@style{arrow}}
+% running heads
+\let\if@runhead\iftrue
+\DeclareOption{norunningheads}{\let\if@runhead\iffalse}
+% referee option
+\let\if@referee\iffalse
+\def\makereferee{\def\baselinestretch{2}\selectfont
+\newbox\refereebox
+\setbox\refereebox=\vbox to\z@{\vskip0.5cm%
+  \hbox to\textwidth{\normalsize\tt\hrulefill\lower0.5ex
+        \hbox{\kern5\p@ referee's copy\kern5\p@}\hrulefill}\vss}%
+\def\@oddfoot{\copy\refereebox}\let\@evenfoot=\@oddfoot}
+\DeclareOption{referee}{\let\if@referee\iftrue
+\AtBeginDocument{\makereferee\small\normalsize}}
+% modification of thebibliography
+\let\if@openbib\iffalse
+\DeclareOption{openbib}{\let\if@openbib\iftrue}
+% LaTeX standard, sectionwise references
+\DeclareOption{oribibl}{\let\oribibl=Y}
+\DeclareOption{sectrefs}{\let\secbibl=Y}
+%
+% footinfo option (provides an informatory line on every page)
+\def\SpringerMacroPackageNameA{svmono.cls}
+% \thetime, \thedate and \timstamp are macros to include
+% time, date (or both) of the TeX run in the document
+\def\maketimestamp{\count255=\time
+\divide\count255 by 60\relax
+\edef\thetime{\the\count255:}%
+\multiply\count255 by-60\relax
+\advance\count255 by\time
+\edef\thetime{\thetime\ifnum\count255<10 0\fi\the\count255}
+\edef\thedate{\number\day-\ifcase\month\or Jan\or Feb\or Mar\or
+             Apr\or May\or Jun\or Jul\or Aug\or Sep\or Oct\or
+             Nov\or Dec\fi-\number\year}
+\def\timstamp{\hbox to\hsize{\tt\hfil\thedate\hfil\thetime\hfil}}}
+\maketimestamp
+%
+% \footinfo generates a info footline on every page containing
+% pagenumber, jobname, macroname, and timestamp
+\DeclareOption{footinfo}{\AtBeginDocument{\maketimestamp
+   \def\ps@empty{\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
+   \let\@oddhead\@empty\let\@evenhead\@empty}%
+   \def\@oddfoot{\scriptsize\tt Page:\,\thepage\space\hfil
+                 job:\,\jobname\space\hfil
+                 macro:\,\SpringerMacroPackageNameA\space\hfil
+                 date/time:\,\thedate/\thetime}%
+   \let\@evenfoot=\@oddfoot}}
+%
+% start new chapter on any page
+\newif\if@openright \@openrighttrue
+\DeclareOption{openany}{\@openrightfalse}
+%
+% no size changing allowed
+\DeclareOption{11pt}{\OptionNotUsed}
+\DeclareOption{12pt}{\OptionNotUsed}
+% options for the article class
+\def\@rticle@options{10pt,twoside}
+% fleqn
+\DeclareOption{fleqn}{\def\@rticle@options{10pt,twoside,fleqn}%
+\AtEndOfClass{\let\leftlegendglue\relax}%
+\AtBeginDocument{\mathindent\parindent}}
+% hanging sectioning titles
+\let\if@sechang\iftrue
+\DeclareOption{nosechang}{\let\if@sechang\iffalse}
+% hanging sectioning titles
+\def\ClassInfoNoLine#1#2{%
+   \ClassInfo{#1}{#2\@gobble}%
+}
+%
+\DeclareOption{graybox}{%
+\AtEndOfClass{% Loading color package
+\RequirePackage{color}%
+% defining values of gray
+\definecolor{shadecolor}{gray}{.85}%
+\definecolor{tintedcolor}{gray}{.80}%
+\RequirePackage{framed}%
+%
+\newenvironment{tinted}{%
+  \def\FrameCommand{\colorbox{tintedcolor}}%
+  \MakeFramed {\FrameRestore}}%
+ {\endMakeFramed}%
+%
+\renewenvironment{svgraybox}%
+       {\fboxsep=12pt\relax
+        \begin{shaded}%
+        \list{}{\leftmargin=12pt\rightmargin=2\leftmargin\leftmargin=\z@\topsep=\z@\relax}%
+        \expandafter\item\parindent=\svparindent
+        \hskip-\listparindent}%
+       {\endlist\end{shaded}}%
+%
+\renewenvironment{svtintedbox}%
+       {\fboxsep=12pt\relax
+        \begin{tinted}%
+        \list{}{\leftmargin=12pt\rightmargin=2\leftmargin\leftmargin=\z@\topsep=\z@\relax}%
+        \expandafter\item\parindent=\svparindent
+        \relax}%
+       {\endlist\end{tinted}}%
+%
+}}
+%
+\let\SVMonoOpt\@empty
+\DeclareOption*{\InputIfFileExists{sv\CurrentOption.clo}{%
+\global\let\SVMonoOpt\CurrentOption}{%
+\ClassWarning{Springer-SVMono}{Specified option or subpackage
+"\CurrentOption" \MessageBreak not found
+passing it to article class \MessageBreak
+-}\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{article}%
+}}
+\ProcessOptions\relax
+\ifx\SVMonoOpt\@empty\relax
+\ClassInfoNoLine{Springer-SVMono}{extra/valid Springer sub-package
+\MessageBreak not found in option list - using "global" style}{}
+\fi
+\LoadClass[\@rticle@options]{article}
+\raggedbottom
+
+% various sizes and settings for monographs
+
+\setlength{\textwidth}{117mm}
+%\setlength{\textheight}{12pt}\multiply\textheight by 45\relax
+\setlength{\textheight}{191mm}
+\setlength{\topmargin}{0cm}
+\setlength\oddsidemargin   {63\p@}
+\setlength\evensidemargin  {63\p@}
+\setlength\marginparwidth{90\p@}
+\setlength\headsep   {12\p@}
+
+\newdimen\svparindent
+\setlength{\svparindent}{12\p@}
+\parindent\svparindent
+\setlength{\parskip}{\z@ \@plus \p@}
+\setlength{\hfuzz}{2\p@}
+\setlength{\arraycolsep}{1.5\p@}
+
+\frenchspacing
+
+\tolerance=500
+
+\predisplaypenalty=0
+\clubpenalty=10000
+\widowpenalty=10000
+
+\setlength\footnotesep{7.7\p@}
+
+\newdimen\betweenumberspace          % dimension for space between
+\betweenumberspace=5\p@               % number and text of titles
+\newdimen\headlineindent             % dimension for space of
+\headlineindent=2.5cc                % number and gap of running heads
+
+% fonts, sizes, and the like
+\renewcommand\normalsize{%
+   \@setfontsize\normalsize\@xpt\@xiipt
+   \abovedisplayskip 10\p@ % \@plus2\p@ \@minus5\p@
+   \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ % \@plus3\p@
+   \belowdisplayshortskip 6\p@ %\@plus3\p@ \@minus3\p@
+   \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
+   \let\@listi\@listI}
+\normalsize
+\renewcommand\small{%
+   \@setfontsize\small{8.5}{10}%
+   \abovedisplayskip 8.5\p@ % \@plus3\p@ \@minus4\p@
+   \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ %\@plus2\p@
+   \belowdisplayshortskip 4\p@ %\@plus2\p@ \@minus2\p@
+   \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
+               \parsep \z@ \@plus\p@ \@minus\p@
+               \topsep 6\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@
+               \itemsep\z@}%
+   \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
+}
+%
+\let\footnotesize=\small
+%
+\renewcommand\Large{\@setfontsize\large{14}{16}}
+\newcommand\LArge{\@setfontsize\Large{16}{18}}
+\renewcommand\LARGE{\@setfontsize\LARGE{18}{20}}
+%
+\newenvironment{petit}{\par\addvspace{6\p@}\small}{\par\addvspace{6\p@}}
+%
+
+% modification of automatic positioning of floating objects
+\setlength\@fptop{\z@ }
+\setlength\@fpsep{12\p@ }
+\setlength\@fpbot{\z@ \@plus 1fil }
+\def\textfraction{.01}
+\def\floatpagefraction{.8}
+\setlength{\intextsep}{20\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
+\setlength\textfloatsep{24\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 4\p@}
+\setcounter{topnumber}{4}
+\def\topfraction{.9}
+\setcounter{bottomnumber}{2}
+\def\bottomfraction{.7}
+\setcounter{totalnumber}{6}
+%
+% size and style of headings
+\newcommand{\partnumsize}{\LArge}
+\newcommand{\partnumstyle}{\bfseries\boldmath}
+\newcommand{\partsize}{\LARGE}
+\newcommand{\partstyle}{\bfseries\boldmath}
+\newcommand{\chapnumsize}{\Large}
+\newcommand{\chapnumstyle}{\bfseries\boldmath}
+\newcommand{\chapsize}{\LArge}
+\newcommand{\chapstyle}{\bfseries\boldmath}
+\newcommand{\chapauthsize}{\normalsize}
+\newcommand{\chapauthstyle}{\bfseries\boldmath}
+\newcommand{\mottosize}{\small}
+\newcommand{\mottostyle}{\itshape\unboldmath\raggedright}
+\newcommand{\secsize}{\large}
+\newcommand{\secstyle}{\bfseries\boldmath}
+%\newcommand{\subsecsize}{\large}
+\newcommand{\subsecsize}{\fontsize{11}{13}\selectfont}
+\newcommand{\subsecstyle}{\bfseries\boldmath}
+\newcommand{\subsubsecstyle}{\bfseries\boldmath}
+%
+\def\cleardoublepage{\clearpage\if@twoside \ifodd\c@page\else
+    \hbox{}\newpage\if@twocolumn\hbox{}\newpage\fi\fi\fi}
+
+\newcommand{\clearemptydoublepage}{%
+        \clearpage{\pagestyle{empty}\cleardoublepage}}
+\newcommand{\startnewpage}{\if@openright\clearemptydoublepage\else\clearpage\fi}
+
+% redefinition of \part
+\renewcommand\part{\clearemptydoublepage
+         \thispagestyle{empty}
+         \if@twocolumn
+            \onecolumn
+            \@tempswatrue
+         \else
+            \@tempswafalse
+         \fi
+         \@ifundefined{thispagecropped}{}{\thispagecropped}
+         \secdef\@part\@spart}
+
+\def\@part[#1]#2{\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >-2\relax
+        \refstepcounter{part}
+        \addcontentsline{toc}{part}{\partname\
+        \thepart\thechapterend\hspace{\betweenumberspace}%
+        #1}\else
+        \addcontentsline{toc}{part}{#1}\fi
+   \markboth{}{}
+   {\raggedleft
+    \hyphenpenalty \@M
+    \interlinepenalty\@M
+    \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >-2\relax
+      \normalfont\partnumsize\partnumstyle %\vrule height 34pt width 0pt depth 0pt%
+     \partname\ \thepart %\llap{\smash{\lower 5pt\hbox to\textwidth{\hrulefill}}}
+    \par
+    \vskip 2\p@ \fi
+    \partsize\partstyle #2\par}\@endpart}
+%
+% \@endpart finishes the part page
+%
+\def\@endpart{\vfil\newpage
+   \if@twoside
+       \hbox{}
+       \thispagestyle{empty}
+       \newpage
+   \fi
+   \if@tempswa
+     \twocolumn
+   \fi}
+%
+\def\@spart#1{{\raggedleft
+   \normalfont\partsize\partstyle
+   #1\par}\@endpart}
+%
+\newenvironment{partbacktext}{\def\@endpart{\vfil\newpage}}
+{\thispagestyle{empty} \newpage}
+%
+% (re)define sectioning
+\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
+
+\def\seccounterend{}
+\def\seccountergap{\hskip\betweenumberspace}
+\def\@seccntformat#1{\csname the#1\endcsname\seccounterend\seccountergap\ignorespaces}
+%
+\let\firstmark=\botmark
+%
+\@ifundefined{thechapterend}{\def\thechapterend{}}{}
+%
+\if@sechang
+   \def\sec@hangfrom#1{\setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{#1}%
+         \hangindent\wd\@tempboxa\noindent\box\@tempboxa}
+\else
+   \def\sec@hangfrom#1{\setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{#1}%
+         \hangindent\z@\noindent\box\@tempboxa}
+\fi
+
+%\def\chap@hangfrom#1{\noindent\vrule height 34pt width 0pt depth 0pt
+%\rlap{\smash{\lower 5pt\hbox to\textwidth{\hrulefill}}}\hbox{#1}
+%\vskip10pt}
+%\def\schap@hangfrom{\chap@hangfrom{}}
+
+\newcounter{chapter}
+%
+\@addtoreset{section}{chapter}
+\@addtoreset{footnote}{chapter}
+
+\newif\if@mainmatter \@mainmattertrue
+\newcommand\frontmatter{\startnewpage
+            \@mainmatterfalse\pagenumbering{roman}
+            \setcounter{page}{5}}
+%
+\newcommand\mainmatter{\clearemptydoublepage
+       \@mainmattertrue\pagenumbering{arabic}}
+%
+\newcommand\backmatter{\clearemptydoublepage\@mainmatterfalse}
+
+\def\@chapapp{\chaptername}
+
+\newdimen\mottowidth
+\newcommand\motto[2][77mm]{%
+\setlength{\mottowidth}{#1}%
+\gdef\m@ttotext{#2}}
+%
+\newcommand{\processmotto}{\@ifundefined{m@ttotext}{}{%
+    \setbox0=\hbox{\vbox{\hyphenpenalty=50
+    \begin{flushright}
+    \begin{minipage}{\mottowidth}
+       \vrule\@width\z@\@height21\p@\@depth\z@
+       \normalfont\mottosize\mottostyle\m@ttotext
+    \end{minipage}
+    \end{flushright}}}%
+    \@tempdima=\pagetotal
+    \advance\@tempdima by\ht0
+    \ifdim\@tempdima<157\p@
+       \multiply\@tempdima by-1
+       \advance\@tempdima by157\p@
+       \vskip\@tempdima
+    \fi
+    \box0\par
+    \global\let\m@ttotext=\undefined}}
+
+\newcommand{\chapsubtitle}[1]{%
+\gdef\ch@psubtitle{#1}}
+%
+\newcommand{\processchapsubtit}{\@ifundefined{ch@psubtitle}{}{%
+    {\normalfont\chapnumsize\chapnumstyle
+    \vskip 14\p@
+    \ch@psubtitle
+    \par}
+    \global\let\ch@psubtitle=\undefined}}
+
+\newcommand{\chapauthor}[1]{%
+\gdef\ch@pauthor{#1}}
+%
+\newcommand{\processchapauthor}{\@ifundefined{ch@pauthor}{}{%
+    {\normalfont\chapauthsize\chapauthstyle
+    \vskip 20\p@
+    \ch@pauthor
+    \par}
+    \global\let\ch@pauthor=\undefined}}
+
+\newcommand\chapter{\startnewpage
+                    \@ifundefined{thispagecropped}{}{\thispagecropped}
+                    \thispagestyle{bchap}%
+                    \if@chapnum\else
+                       \begingroup
+                         \let\@elt\@stpelt
+                         \csname cl@chapter\endcsname
+                       \endgroup
+                    \fi
+                    \global\@topnum\z@
+                    \@afterindentfalse
+                    \secdef\@chapter\@schapter}
+
+\def\@chapter[#1]#2{\if@chapnum  % war mal \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
+                       \refstepcounter{chapter}%
+                       \if@mainmatter
+                         \typeout{\@chapapp\space\thechapter.}%
+                         \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\protect
+                                  \numberline{\thechapter\thechapterend}#1}%
+                       \else
+                         \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#1}%
+                       \fi
+                    \else
+                      \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#1}%
+                    \fi
+                    \chaptermark{#1}%
+                    \addtocontents{lof}{\protect\addvspace{10\p@}}%
+                    \addtocontents{lot}{\protect\addvspace{10\p@}}%
+                    \if@twocolumn
+                      \@topnewpage[\@makechapterhead{#2}]%
+                    \else
+                      \@makechapterhead{#2}%
+                      \@afterheading
+                    \fi}
+
+\def\@schapter#1{\if@twocolumn
+                   \@topnewpage[\@makeschapterhead{#1}]%
+                 \else
+                   \@makeschapterhead{#1}%
+                   \@afterheading
+                 \fi}
+
+%%changes position and layout of numbered chapter headings
+\def\@makechapterhead#1{{\parindent\z@\raggedright\normalfont
+  \hyphenpenalty \@M
+  \interlinepenalty\@M
+  \if@chapnum
+     \chapnumsize\chapnumstyle
+     \@chapapp\ \thechapter\thechapterend\par
+     \vskip 2\p@
+  \fi
+  \chapsize\chapstyle
+  \ignorespaces#1\par\nobreak
+  \processchapsubtit
+  \processchapauthor
+  \processmotto
+  \ifdim\pagetotal>167\p@
+     \vskip 11\p@
+  \else
+     \@tempdima=167\p@\advance\@tempdima by-\pagetotal
+     \vskip\@tempdima
+  \fi}}
+
+%%changes position and layout of unnumbered chapter headings
+\def\@makeschapterhead#1{{\parindent \z@ \raggedright\normalfont
+  \hyphenpenalty \@M
+  \interlinepenalty\@M
+  \chapsize\chapstyle
+  \ignorespaces#1\par\nobreak
+  \processmotto
+  \ifdim\pagetotal>167\p@
+     \vskip 11\p@
+  \else
+     \@tempdima=168\p@\advance\@tempdima by-\pagetotal
+     \vskip\@tempdima
+  \fi}}
+%
+% dedication environment
+\newenvironment{dedication}
+{\clearemptydoublepage
+\thispagestyle{empty}
+\vspace*{13\baselineskip}
+\large\itshape
+\let\\\@centercr\@rightskip\@flushglue \rightskip\@rightskip
+\leftskip4cm\parindent\z@\relax
+\everypar{\parindent=\svparindent\let\everypar\empty}}{\clearpage}
+%
+% predefined unnumbered headings
+\newcommand{\preface}[1][\prefacename]{\chapter*{#1}\markboth{#1}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\foreword}[1][\forewordname]{\chapter*{#1}\markboth{#1}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\extrachap}[1]{\chapter*{#1}\markboth{#1}{#1}}
+% same with TOC entry
+\newcommand{\Extrachap}[1]{\chapter*{#1}\markboth{#1}{#1}%
+\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#1}}
+
+% measures and setting of sections
+\renewcommand\section{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}%
+                       {-30\p@}% \p@lus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}%
+                       {16\p@}% \p@lus 4\p@ \@minus 4\p@}%
+                       {\normalfont\secsize\secstyle
+                        \rightskip=\z@ \@plus 8em\pretolerance=10000 }}
+\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
+                       {-30\p@}% \p@lus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}%
+                       {16\p@}% \p@lus 4\p@ \@minus 4\p@}%
+                       {\normalfont\subsecsize\subsecstyle
+                        \rightskip=\z@ \@plus 8em\pretolerance=10000 }}
+\renewcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
+                       {-24\p@}% \p@lus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}%
+                       {12\p@}% \p@lus 4\p@ \@minus 4\p@}%
+                       {\normalfont\normalsize\subsubsecstyle
+                        \rightskip=\z@ \@plus 8em\pretolerance=10000 }}
+\renewcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
+                       {-24\p@}% \p@lus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}%
+                       {12\p@}% \p@lus 4\p@ \@minus 4\p@}%
+                       {\normalfont\normalsize\upshape
+                        \rightskip=\z@ \@plus 8em\pretolerance=10000 }}
+\renewcommand\subparagraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
+                       {-18\p@}% \p@lus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}%
+                       {6\p@}% \p@lus 4\p@ \@minus 4\p@}%
+                       {\normalfont\normalsize\itshape
+                        \rightskip=\z@ \@plus 8em\pretolerance=10000 }}
+\newcommand\runinhead{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
+                       {-6\p@}% \p@lus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}%
+                       {-6\p@}%
+                       {\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries\boldmath
+                        \rightskip=\z@ \@plus 8em\pretolerance=10000 }}
+\newcommand\subruninhead{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
+                       {-6\p@}% \p@lus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}%
+                       {-6\p@}%
+                       {\normalfont\normalsize\itshape
+                        \rightskip=\z@ \@plus 8em\pretolerance=10000 }}
+
+\newcommand\subsubruninhead{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
+                       {-6\p@}% \p@lus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}%
+                       {0.1\p@}%
+                       {\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries
+                        \rightskip=\z@ \@plus 8em\pretolerance=10000 }}
+
+% Appendix
+\renewcommand\appendix{\par
+                \stepcounter{chapter}
+                \setcounter{chapter}{0}
+                \stepcounter{section}
+                \setcounter{section}{0}
+                \setcounter{equation}{0}
+                \setcounter{figure}{0}
+                \setcounter{table}{0}
+                \setcounter{footnote}{0}
+  \def\@chapapp{\appendixname}%
+  \renewcommand\thechapter{\@Alph\c@chapter}}
+
+\def\runinsep{}
+\def\aftertext{\unskip\runinsep}
+%
+\def\thesection{\thechapter.\arabic{section}}
+\def\thesubsection{\thesection.\arabic{subsection}}
+\def\thesubsubsection{\thesubsection.\arabic{subsubsection}}
+\def\theparagraph{\thesubsubsection.\arabic{paragraph}}
+\def\thesubparagraph{\theparagraph.\arabic{subparagraph}}
+\def\chaptermark#1{}
+%
+\def\@ssect#1#2#3#4#5{%
+  \@tempskipa #3\relax
+  \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
+    \begingroup
+      #4{%
+        \@hangfrom{\hskip #1}%
+          \raggedright
+          \hyphenpenalty \@M
+          \interlinepenalty \@M #5\@@par}%
+    \endgroup
+  \else
+    \def\@svsechd{#4{\hskip #1\relax #5}}%
+  \fi
+  \@xsect{#3}}
+%
+\def\@sect#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8{%
+   \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth
+      \let\@svsec\@empty
+   \else
+      \refstepcounter{#1}%
+      \protected@edef\@svsec{\@seccntformat{#1}\relax}%
+   \fi
+   \@tempskipa #5\relax
+   \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
+      \begingroup #6\relax
+         \sec@hangfrom{\hskip #3\relax\@svsec}%
+         {\raggedright
+          \hyphenpenalty \@M
+          \interlinepenalty \@M #8\@@par}%
+      \endgroup
+      \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7\seccounterend}%
+      \addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth
+                                \else
+                                   \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname\seccounterend}%
+                                \fi
+                                #7}%
+   \else
+      \def\@svsechd{%
+         #6\hskip #3\relax
+         \@svsec #8\aftertext\ignorespaces
+         \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}%
+         \addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{%
+            \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
+                \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname\seccounterend}%
+            \fi
+            #7}}%
+   \fi
+   \@xsect{#5}}
+
+% figures and tables are processed in small print
+\def \@floatboxreset {%
+        \reset@font
+        \small
+        \@setnobreak
+        \@setminipage
+}
+\def\fps@figure{htbp}
+\def\fps@table{htbp}
+%
+% Frame for paste-in figures or tables
+\def\mpicplace#1#2{%  #1 =width   #2 =height
+\vbox{\hbox to #1{\vrule\@width \fboxrule \@height #2\hfill}}}
+%
+\newenvironment{svgraybox}%
+       {\ClassWarning{Springer-SVMono}{Environment "svgraybox" not available,\MessageBreak
+         switching over to "quotation" environment;\MessageBreak
+         specify documentclass option "graybox",\MessageBreak
+         see SVMono documentation -}%
+                \par\addvspace{6pt}
+                \list{}{\listparindent12\p@%
+                        \leftmargin=12\p@%
+                        \itemindent    \listparindent
+                        \rightmargin   \leftmargin
+                        \parsep        \z@ \@plus\p@}%
+                \expandafter\item\parindent=\svparindent
+                \relax\hskip-\listparindent}%
+       {\endlist}%
+%
+\newenvironment{svtintedbox}%
+       {\ClassWarning{Springer-SVMono}{Environment "svtintedbox" not available,\MessageBreak
+         switching over to "quotation" environment;\MessageBreak
+         specify documentclass option "graybox",\MessageBreak
+         see SVMono documentation -}%
+                \par\addvspace{6pt}
+                \list{}{\listparindent12\p@%
+                        \leftmargin=12\p@%
+                        \itemindent    \listparindent
+                        \rightmargin   \leftmargin
+                        \parsep        \z@ \@plus\p@}%
+                \expandafter\item\parindent=\svparindent
+                \relax\hskip-\listparindent}%
+       {\endlist}%
+%
+\renewenvironment{quotation}
+               {\par\addvspace{6pt}
+                \list{}{\listparindent12\p@%
+                        \leftmargin=12\p@%
+                        \itemindent    \listparindent
+                        \rightmargin   \leftmargin
+                        \parsep        \z@ \@plus\p@%
+                        \small}%
+                \item\relax\hskip-\listparindent}
+               {\endlist}
+%
+\renewenvironment{quote}
+               {\par\addvspace{6pt}
+                \list{}{\leftmargin=12\p@%
+                \rightmargin\leftmargin
+                \parsep=3\p@
+                \small}%
+                \item\relax}
+               {\endlist}
+
+% labels of enumerate
+\renewcommand\labelenumii{\theenumii.}
+\renewcommand\theenumii{\@alph\c@enumii}
+
+% labels of itemize
+\renewcommand\labelitemi{\textbullet}
+\renewcommand\labelitemii{\textendash}
+\let\labelitemiii=\labelitemiv
+
+% labels of description
+\renewcommand*\descriptionlabel[1]{\hspace\labelsep #1\hfil}
+
+% fixed indentation for standard itemize-environment
+\newdimen\svitemindent \setlength{\svitemindent}{\parindent}
+
+
+% make indentations changeable
+
+\def\setitemindent#1{\settowidth{\labelwidth}{#1}%
+        \let\setit@m=Y%
+        \leftmargini\labelwidth
+        \advance\leftmargini\labelsep
+   \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
+        \labelwidth\leftmargini\advance\labelwidth by -\labelsep
+        \parsep=\parskip
+        \topsep=\medskipamount
+        \itemsep=\parskip \advance\itemsep by -\parsep}}
+\def\setitemitemindent#1{\settowidth{\labelwidth}{#1}%
+        \let\setit@m=Y%
+        \leftmarginii\labelwidth
+        \advance\leftmarginii\labelsep
+\def\@listii{\leftmargin\leftmarginii
+        \labelwidth\leftmarginii\advance\labelwidth by -\labelsep
+        \parsep=\parskip
+        \topsep=6\p@
+        \itemsep=\parskip \advance\itemsep by -\parsep}}
+%
+% adjusted environment "description"
+% if an optional parameter (at the first two levels of lists)
+% is present, its width is considered to be the widest mark
+% throughout the current list.
+\def\description{\@ifnextchar[{\@describe}{\list{}{\labelwidth\z@
+\labelsep=12pt\relax  %!!!!!!!!!
+\leftmargini=12pt\relax  %!!!!!!!!!
+\leftmargin=12pt\relax  %!!!!!!!!!
+          \itemindent-\leftmargin \let\makelabel\descriptionlabel}}}
+%
+\def\describelabel#1{#1\hfil}
+\def\@describe[#1]{\labelsep=12pt\relax
+\relax\ifnum\@listdepth=0
+\setitemindent{#1}\else\ifnum\@listdepth=1
+\setitemitemindent{#1}\fi\fi
+\list{--}{\let\makelabel\describelabel}}
+%
+\def\itemize{%
+  \ifnum \@itemdepth >\thr@@\@toodeep\else
+    \advance\@itemdepth\@ne
+    \ifx\setit@m\undefined
+       \ifnum \@itemdepth=1 \leftmargini=\svitemindent
+          \labelwidth\leftmargini\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+          \leftmarginii=\leftmargini \leftmarginiii=\leftmargini
+       \fi
+    \fi
+    \edef\@itemitem{labelitem\romannumeral\the\@itemdepth}%
+    \expandafter\list
+      \csname\@itemitem\endcsname
+      {\def\makelabel##1{\rlap{##1}\hss}}%
+  \fi}
+%
+\def\enumerate{%
+  \ifnum \@enumdepth >\thr@@\@toodeep\else
+    \advance\@enumdepth\@ne
+    \ifx\setit@m\undefined
+       \ifnum \@enumdepth=1 \leftmargini=\svitemindent
+          \labelwidth\leftmargini\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+          \leftmarginii=\leftmargini \leftmarginiii=\leftmargini
+       \fi
+    \fi
+    \edef\@enumctr{enum\romannumeral\the\@enumdepth}%
+      \expandafter
+      \list
+        \csname label\@enumctr\endcsname
+        {\usecounter\@enumctr\def\makelabel##1{\hss\llap{##1}}}%
+  \fi}
+%
+\newdimen\verbatimindent \verbatimindent\parindent
+\def\verbatim{\advance\@totalleftmargin by\verbatimindent
+\@verbatim \frenchspacing\@vobeyspaces \@xverbatim}
+
+%
+%  special signs and characters
+\newcommand{\D}{\mathrm{d}}
+\newcommand{\E}{\mathrm{e}}
+\let\eul=\E
+\newcommand{\I}{{\rm i}}
+\let\imag=\I
+%
+% the definition of uppercase Greek characters
+% Springer likes them as italics to depict variables
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Gamma}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"00}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Delta}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"01}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Theta}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"02}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Lambda}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"03}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Xi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"04}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Pi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"05}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Sigma}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"06}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Upsilon}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"07}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Phi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"08}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Psi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"09}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Omega}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"0A}
+% the upright forms are defined here as \var<Character>
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\varGamma}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"00}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\varDelta}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"01}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\varTheta}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"02}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\varLambda}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"03}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\varXi}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"04}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\varPi}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"05}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\varSigma}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"06}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\varUpsilon}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"07}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\varPhi}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"08}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\varPsi}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"09}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\varOmega}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"0A}
+% Upright Lower Case Greek letters without using a new MathAlphabet
+\newcommand{\greeksym}[1]{\usefont{U}{psy}{m}{n}#1}
+\newcommand{\greeksymbold}[1]{{\usefont{U}{psy}{b}{n}#1}}
+\newcommand{\allmodesymb}[2]{\relax\ifmmode{\mathchoice
+{\mbox{\fontsize{\tf@size}{\tf@size}#1{#2}}}
+{\mbox{\fontsize{\tf@size}{\tf@size}#1{#2}}}
+{\mbox{\fontsize{\sf@size}{\sf@size}#1{#2}}}
+{\mbox{\fontsize{\ssf@size}{\ssf@size}#1{#2}}}}
+\else
+\mbox{#1{#2}}\fi}
+% Definition of lower case Greek letters
+\newcommand{\ualpha}{\allmodesymb{\greeksym}{a}}
+\newcommand{\ubeta}{\allmodesymb{\greeksym}{b}}
+\newcommand{\uchi}{\allmodesymb{\greeksym}{c}}
+\newcommand{\udelta}{\allmodesymb{\greeksym}{d}}
+\newcommand{\ugamma}{\allmodesymb{\greeksym}{g}}
+\newcommand{\umu}{\allmodesymb{\greeksym}{m}}
+\newcommand{\unu}{\allmodesymb{\greeksym}{n}}
+\newcommand{\upi}{\allmodesymb{\greeksym}{p}}
+\newcommand{\utau}{\allmodesymb{\greeksym}{t}}
+% redefines the \vec accent to a bold character - if desired
+\def\fig@type{arrow}% temporarily abused
+\AtBeginDocument{\ifx\vec@style\fig@type\else
+\@ifundefined{vec@style}{%
+ \def\vec#1{\ensuremath{\mathchoice
+                     {\mbox{\boldmath$\displaystyle\mathbf{#1}$}}
+                     {\mbox{\boldmath$\textstyle\mathbf{#1}$}}
+                     {\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptstyle\mathbf{#1}$}}
+                     {\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptscriptstyle\mathbf{#1}$}}}}%
+}
+{\def\vec#1{\ensuremath{\mathchoice
+                     {\mbox{\boldmath$\displaystyle#1$}}
+                     {\mbox{\boldmath$\textstyle#1$}}
+                     {\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptstyle#1$}}
+                     {\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptscriptstyle#1$}}}}%
+}
+\fi}
+% tensor
+\def\tens#1{\relax\ifmmode\mathsf{#1}\else\textsf{#1}\fi}
+
+% end of proof symbol
+\newcommand\qedsymbol{\hbox{\rlap{$\sqcap$}$\sqcup$}}
+\newcommand\qed{\relax\ifmmode\else\unskip\quad\fi\qedsymbol}
+\newcommand\smartqed{\renewcommand\qed{\relax\ifmmode\qedsymbol\else
+  {\unskip\nobreak\hfil\penalty50\hskip1em\null\nobreak\hfil\qedsymbol
+  \parfillskip=\z@\finalhyphendemerits=0\endgraf}\fi}}
+%
+\def\num@book{%
+\renewcommand\thesection{\thechapter.\@arabic\c@section}%
+\renewcommand\thesubsection{\thesection.\@arabic\c@subsection}%
+\renewcommand\theequation{\thechapter.\@arabic\c@equation}%
+\renewcommand\thefigure{\thechapter.\@arabic\c@figure}%
+\renewcommand\thetable{\thechapter.\@arabic\c@table}%
+\@addtoreset{section}{chapter}%
+\@addtoreset{figure}{chapter}%
+\@addtoreset{table}{chapter}%
+\@addtoreset{equation}{chapter}}
+%
+\def\num@spezart{%
+\renewcommand\thesection{\@arabic\c@section}%
+\renewcommand\thesubsection{\thesection.\@arabic\c@subsection}%
+\renewcommand\theequation{\@arabic\c@equation}%
+\def\thesubequation{\@arabic\c@equation\alph{subequation}}%
+\renewcommand\thefigure{\@arabic\c@figure}%
+\renewcommand\thetable{\@arabic\c@table}%
+\@addtoreset{section}{chapter}%
+\@addtoreset{figure}{chapter}%
+\@addtoreset{table}{chapter}%
+\@addtoreset{equation}{chapter}}
+%
+% Ragged bottom for the actual page
+\def\thisbottomragged{\def\@textbottom{\vskip\z@ \@plus.0001fil
+\global\let\@textbottom\relax}}
+
+% This is texte.tex
+% it defines various texts and their translations
+% called up with documentstyle options
+\def\switcht@albion{%
+\def\abstractname{Abstract}%
+\def\ackname{Acknowledgements}%
+\def\andname{and}%
+\def\bibname{References}%
+\def\lastandname{, and}%
+\def\appendixname{Appendix}%
+\def\chaptername{Chapter}%
+\def\claimname{Claim}%
+\def\conjecturename{Conjecture}%
+\def\contentsname{Contents}%
+\def\corollaryname{Corollary}%
+\def\definitionname{Definition}%
+\def\emailname{e-mail}%
+\def\examplename{Example}%
+\def\exercisename{Exercise}%
+\def\figurename{Fig.}%
+\def\forewordname{Foreword}%
+\def\keywordname{{\bf Key words:}}%
+\def\indexname{Index}%
+\def\lemmaname{Lemma}%
+\def\contriblistname{List of Contributors}%
+\def\listfigurename{List of Figures}%
+\def\listtablename{List of Tables}%
+\def\mailname{{\it Correspondence to\/}:}%
+\def\noteaddname{Note added in proof}%
+\def\notename{Note}%
+\def\partname{Part}%
+\def\prefacename{Preface}%
+\def\problemname{Problem}%
+\def\proofname{Proof}%
+\def\propertyname{Property}%
+\def\propositionname{Proposition}%
+\def\questionname{Question}%
+\def\refname{References}%
+\def\remarkname{Remark}%
+\def\seename{see}%
+\def\solutionname{Solution}%
+\def\subclassname{{\it Subject Classifications\/}:}%
+\def\tablename{Table}%
+\def\theoremname{Theorem}}
+\switcht@albion
+% Names of theorem like environments are already defined
+% but must be translated if another language is chosen
+%
+% French section
+\def\switcht@francais{\svlanginfo
+ \def\abstractname{R\'esum\'e}%
+ \def\ackname{Remerciements}%
+ \def\andname{et}%
+ \def\lastandname{ et}%
+ \def\appendixname{Appendice}%
+ \def\bibname{Bibliographie}%
+ \def\chaptername{Chapitre}%
+ \def\claimname{Pr\'etention}%
+ \def\conjecturename{Hypoth\`ese}%
+ \def\contentsname{Table des mati\`eres}%
+ \def\corollaryname{Corollaire}%
+ \def\definitionname{D\'efinition}%
+ \def\emailname{e-mail}%
+ \def\examplename{Exemple}%
+ \def\exercisename{Exercice}%
+ \def\figurename{Fig.}%
+ \def\forewordname{Avant-propos}%
+ \def\keywordname{{\bf Mots-cl\'e:}}%
+ \def\indexname{Index}%
+ \def\lemmaname{Lemme}%
+ \def\contriblistname{Liste des contributeurs}%
+ \def\listfigurename{Liste des figures}%
+ \def\listtablename{Liste des tables}%
+ \def\mailname{{\it Correspondence to\/}:}%
+ \def\noteaddname{Note ajout\'ee \`a l'\'epreuve}%
+ \def\notename{Remarque}%
+ \def\partname{Partie}%
+ \def\prefacename{Pr\'eface}%
+ \def\problemname{Probl\`eme}%
+ \def\proofname{Preuve}%
+ \def\propertyname{Caract\'eristique}%
+%\def\propositionname{Proposition}%
+ \def\questionname{Question}%
+ \def\refname{Litt\'erature}%
+ \def\remarkname{Remarque}%
+ \def\seename{voir}%
+ \def\solutionname{Solution}%
+ \def\subclassname{{\it Subject Classifications\/}:}%
+ \def\tablename{Tableau}%
+ \def\theoremname{Th\'eor\`eme}%
+}
+%
+% German section
+\def\switcht@deutsch{\svlanginfo
+ \def\abstractname{Zusammenfassung}%
+ \def\ackname{Danksagung}%
+ \def\andname{und}%
+ \def\lastandname{ und}%
+ \def\appendixname{Anhang}%
+ \def\bibname{Literaturverzeichnis}%
+ \def\chaptername{Kapitel}%
+ \def\claimname{Behauptung}%
+ \def\conjecturename{Hypothese}%
+ \def\contentsname{Inhaltsverzeichnis}%
+ \def\corollaryname{Korollar}%
+%\def\definitionname{Definition}%
+ \def\emailname{E-mail}%
+ \def\examplename{Beispiel}%
+ \def\exercisename{\"Ubung}%
+ \def\figurename{Abb.}%
+ \def\forewordname{Geleitwort}%
+ \def\keywordname{{\bf Schl\"usselw\"orter:}}%
+ \def\indexname{Sachverzeichnis}%
+%\def\lemmaname{Lemma}%
+ \def\contriblistname{Mitarbeiter}%
+ \def\listfigurename{Abbildungsverzeichnis}%
+ \def\listtablename{Tabellenverzeichnis}%
+ \def\mailname{{\it Correspondence to\/}:}%
+ \def\noteaddname{Nachtrag}%
+ \def\notename{Anmerkung}%
+ \def\partname{Teil}%
+ \def\prefacename{Vorwort}%
+%\def\problemname{Problem}%
+ \def\proofname{Beweis}%
+ \def\propertyname{Eigenschaft}%
+%\def\propositionname{Proposition}%
+ \def\questionname{Frage}%
+ \def\refname{Literaturverzeichnis}%
+ \def\remarkname{Anmerkung}%
+ \def\seename{siehe}%
+ \def\solutionname{L\"osung}%
+ \def\subclassname{{\it Subject Classifications\/}:}%
+ \def\tablename{Tabelle}%
+%\def\theoremname{Theorem}%
+}
+
+\def\getsto{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
+\halign{\hfil
+$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr\gets\cr\to\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr\gets
+\cr\to\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr\gets
+\cr\to\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
+\gets\cr\to\cr}}}}}
+\def\lid{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
+$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\noalign{\vskip1.2\p@}=\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr
+\noalign{\vskip1.2\p@}=\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr
+\noalign{\vskip\p@}=\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
+<\cr
+\noalign{\vskip0.9\p@}=\cr}}}}}
+\def\gid{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
+$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip1.2\p@}=\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr
+\noalign{\vskip1.2\p@}=\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr
+\noalign{\vskip\p@}=\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
+>\cr
+\noalign{\vskip0.9\p@}=\cr}}}}}
+\def\grole{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
+\halign{\hfil
+$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip-\p@}<\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr
+>\cr\noalign{\vskip-\p@}<\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
+>\cr\noalign{\vskip-0.8\p@}<\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
+>\cr\noalign{\vskip-0.3\p@}<\cr}}}}}
+\def\bbbr{{\rm I\!R}} %reelle Zahlen
+\def\bbbm{{\rm I\!M}}
+\def\bbbn{{\rm I\!N}} %natuerliche Zahlen
+\def\bbbf{{\rm I\!F}}
+\def\bbbh{{\rm I\!H}}
+\def\bbbk{{\rm I\!K}}
+\def\bbbp{{\rm I\!P}}
+\def\bbbone{{\mathchoice {\rm 1\mskip-4mu l} {\rm 1\mskip-4mu l}
+{\rm 1\mskip-4.5mu l} {\rm 1\mskip-5mu l}}}
+\def\bbbc{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule\@height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule\@height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule\@height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule\@height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
+\def\bbbq{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm
+Q$}\hbox{\raise
+0.15\ht0\hbox to\z@{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule\@height0.8\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise
+0.15\ht0\hbox to\z@{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule\@height0.8\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise
+0.15\ht0\hbox to\z@{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule\@height0.7\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise
+0.15\ht0\hbox to\z@{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule\@height0.7\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
+\def\bbbt{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm
+T$}\hbox{\hbox to\z@{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule\@height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule\@height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule\@height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule\@height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
+\def\bbbs{{\mathchoice
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle     \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.35\wd0\vrule\@height0.45\ht0\hss}\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.55\wd0\vrule\@height0.5\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle        \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.35\wd0\vrule\@height0.45\ht0\hss}\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.55\wd0\vrule\@height0.5\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle      \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.35\wd0\vrule\@height0.45\ht0\hss}\raise0.05\ht0\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.5\wd0\vrule\@height0.45\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule\@height0.45\ht0\hss}\raise0.05\ht0\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.55\wd0\vrule\@height0.45\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
+\def\bbbz{{\mathchoice {\hbox{$\textstyle\sf Z\kern-0.4em Z$}}
+{\hbox{$\textstyle\sf Z\kern-0.4em Z$}}
+{\hbox{$\scriptstyle\sf Z\kern-0.3em Z$}}
+{\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\sf Z\kern-0.2em Z$}}}}
+
+\let\ts\,
+
+\setlength\arrayrulewidth{.5\p@}
+\def\svhline{%
+  \noalign{\ifnum0=`}\fi\hrule \@height2\arrayrulewidth \futurelet
+   \reserved@a\@xhline}
+
+\setlength \labelsep     {5\p@}
+\setlength\leftmargini   {17\p@}
+\setlength\leftmargin    {\leftmargini}
+\setlength\leftmarginii  {\leftmargini}
+\setlength\leftmarginiii {\leftmargini}
+\setlength\leftmarginiv  {\leftmargini}
+\setlength\labelwidth    {\leftmargini}
+\addtolength\labelwidth{-\labelsep}
+
+\def\@listI{\leftmargin\leftmargini
+        \parsep=\parskip
+        \topsep=\medskipamount
+        \itemsep=\parskip \advance\itemsep by -\parsep}
+\let\@listi\@listI
+\@listi
+
+\def\@listii{\leftmargin\leftmarginii
+        \labelwidth\leftmarginii
+        \advance\labelwidth by -\labelsep
+        \parsep=\parskip
+        \topsep=6\p@
+        \itemsep=\parskip
+        \advance\itemsep by -\parsep}
+
+\def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii
+        \labelwidth\leftmarginiii\advance\labelwidth by -\labelsep
+        \parsep=\parskip
+        \topsep=\z@
+        \itemsep=\parskip
+        \advance\itemsep by -\parsep
+        \partopsep=\topsep}
+
+\setlength\arraycolsep{1.5\p@}
+\setlength\tabcolsep{1.5\p@}
+
+\def\tableofcontents{\@restonecolfalse\if@twocolumn\@restonecoltrue\onecolumn
+ \fi\chapter*{\contentsname \@mkboth{{\contentsname}}{{\contentsname}}}
+ \@starttoc{toc}\if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi}
+
+\setcounter{tocdepth}{2}
+
+\def\l@part#1#2{\addpenalty{\@secpenalty}%
+   \addvspace{1em \@plus\p@}%
+   \begingroup
+     \parindent \z@
+     \rightskip \z@ \@plus 5em
+%    \hrule\vskip5\p@
+     \bfseries\boldmath
+     \leavevmode
+     #1\par
+%    \vskip5\p@
+%    \hrule
+     \vskip\p@
+     \nobreak
+   \addvspace{1em \@plus\p@}%
+   \endgroup}
+
+\def\@dotsep{2}
+
+\def\addnumcontentsmark#1#2#3{%
+\addtocontents{#1}{\protect\contentsline{#2}{\protect\numberline
+                                    {\thechapter}#3}{\thepage}}}
+\def\addcontentsmark#1#2#3{%
+\addtocontents{#1}{\protect\contentsline{#2}{#3}{\thepage}}}
+\def\addcontentsmarkwop#1#2#3{%
+\addtocontents{#1}{\protect\contentsline{#2}{#3}{0}}}
+
+\def\@adcmk[#1]{\ifcase #1 \or
+\def\@gtempa{\addnumcontentsmark}%
+  \or    \def\@gtempa{\addcontentsmark}%
+  \or    \def\@gtempa{\addcontentsmarkwop}%
+  \fi\@gtempa{toc}{chapter}}
+\def\addtocmark{\@ifnextchar[{\@adcmk}{\@adcmk[3]}}
+
+\def\l@chapter#1#2{\par\addpenalty{-\@highpenalty}
+ \addvspace{1.0em \@plus \p@}
+ \@tempdima=\if@chapnum\tocchpnum\else\z@\fi
+ \begingroup
+ \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@tocrmarg
+ \advance\rightskip by \z@ \@plus 2cm
+ \parfillskip -\rightskip \pretolerance=10000
+ \leavevmode \advance\leftskip\@tempdima \hskip -\leftskip
+ {\bfseries\boldmath#1}\ifx0#2\hfil\null
+ \else
+    \nobreak
+    \leaders\hbox{$\m@th \mkern \@dotsep mu\hbox{.}\mkern
+    \@dotsep mu$}\hfill
+    \nobreak\hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hfil #2}%
+ \fi\par
+ \penalty\@highpenalty \endgroup}
+
+\newdimen\tocchpnum
+\newdimen\tocsecnum
+\newdimen\tocsectotal
+\newdimen\tocsubsecnum
+\newdimen\tocsubsectotal
+\newdimen\tocsubsubsecnum
+\newdimen\tocsubsubsectotal
+\newdimen\tocparanum
+\newdimen\tocparatotal
+\newdimen\tocsubparanum
+\tocchpnum=20\p@            % chapter {\bf 88.} \@plus 5.3\p@
+\tocsecnum=22.5\p@          % section 88.8. plus 4.722\p@
+\tocsubsecnum=30.5\p@       % subsection 88.8.8 plus 4.944\p@
+\tocsubsubsecnum=38\p@      % subsubsection 88.8.8.8 plus 4.666\p@
+\tocparanum=45\p@           % paragraph 88.8.8.8.8 plus 3.888\p@
+\tocsubparanum=53\p@        % subparagraph 88.8.8.8.8.8 plus 4.11\p@
+\def\calctocindent{%
+\tocsectotal=\tocchpnum
+\advance\tocsectotal by\tocsecnum
+\tocsubsectotal=\tocsectotal
+\advance\tocsubsectotal by\tocsubsecnum
+\tocsubsubsectotal=\tocsubsectotal
+\advance\tocsubsubsectotal by\tocsubsubsecnum
+\tocparatotal=\tocsubsubsectotal
+\advance\tocparatotal by\tocparanum}
+\calctocindent
+
+\def\@dottedtocline#1#2#3#4#5{%
+  \ifnum #1>\c@tocdepth \else
+    \vskip \z@ \@plus.2\p@
+    {\leftskip #2\rightskip \@tocrmarg \advance\rightskip by \z@ \@plus 2cm
+               \parfillskip -\rightskip \pretolerance=10000
+     \parindent #2\relax\@afterindenttrue
+     \interlinepenalty\@M
+     \leavevmode
+     \ifnum #1>\c@secnumdepth \@tempdima\z@ \else \@tempdima #3\fi
+%    \@tempdima #3\relax
+     \advance\leftskip \@tempdima \null\nobreak\hskip -\leftskip
+     {#4}\nobreak
+     \leaders\hbox{$\m@th
+        \mkern \@dotsep mu\hbox{.}\mkern \@dotsep
+        mu$}\hfill
+     \nobreak
+     \hb@xt@\@pnumwidth{\hfil\normalfont \normalcolor #5}%
+     \par}%
+  \fi}
+%
+\def\l@section{\@dottedtocline{1}{\tocchpnum}{\tocsecnum}}
+\def\l@subsection{\@dottedtocline{2}{\tocsectotal}{\tocsubsecnum}}
+\def\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{\tocsubsectotal}{\tocsubsubsecnum}}
+\def\l@paragraph{\@dottedtocline{4}{\tocsubsubsectotal}{\tocparanum}}
+\def\l@subparagraph{\@dottedtocline{5}{\tocparatotal}{\tocsubparanum}}
+
+\renewcommand\listoffigures{%
+    \chapter*{\listfigurename
+      \@mkboth{\listfigurename}{\listfigurename}}%
+    \@starttoc{lof}%
+    }
+
+\renewcommand\listoftables{%
+    \chapter*{\listtablename
+      \@mkboth{\listtablename}{\listtablename}}%
+    \@starttoc{lot}%
+    }
+
+\newenvironment{thecontriblist}
+               {\par
+                \addvspace{\bigskipamount}
+                \parindent\z@
+                \rightskip\z@ \@plus 40\p@
+                \def\iand{\\[\medskipamount]\let\and=\nand}%
+                \def\nand{\ifhmode\unskip\nobreak\fi\ $\cdot$ }%
+                \let\and=\nand
+                \def\at{\\\let\and=\iand}%
+                }
+               {\par
+                \addvspace{\bigskipamount}}
+
+\renewcommand\footnoterule{%
+  \kern-3\p@
+  \hrule\@width 36mm
+  \kern2.6\p@}
+
+\newdimen\foot@parindent
+\foot@parindent 10.83\p@
+
+\footnotesep 9\p@
+
+\AtBeginDocument{%
+\renewcommand\@makefntext[1]{%
+    \parindent 12\p@
+    \noindent
+    \mbox{\@makefnmark} #1}}
+\if@spthms
+%
+% Definition of the "\spnewtheorem" command.
+%
+% Usage:
+%
+%     \spnewtheorem{env_nam}{caption}[within]{cap_font}{body_font}
+% or  \spnewtheorem{env_nam}[numbered_like]{caption}{cap_font}{body_font}
+% or  \spnewtheorem*{env_nam}{caption}{cap_font}{body_font}
+%
+% New is "cap_font" and "body_font". It stands for
+% fontdefinition of the caption and the text itself.
+%
+% "\spnewtheorem*" gives a theorem without number.
+%
+% A defined spnewthoerem environment is used as described
+% by Lamport.
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\def\@thmcountersep{.}
+%\def\@thmcounterend{.}
+\def\@thmcounterend{}%%As per request email dated 27 Feb 2018%%
+\newcommand\nocaption{\noexpand\@gobble}
+\newdimen\spthmsep \spthmsep=3pt
+
+\def\spnewtheorem{\@ifstar{\@sthm}{\@Sthm}}
+
+% definition of \spnewtheorem with number
+
+\def\@spnthm#1#2{%
+  \@ifnextchar[{\@spxnthm{#1}{#2}}{\@spynthm{#1}{#2}}}
+\def\@Sthm#1{\@ifnextchar[{\@spothm{#1}}{\@spnthm{#1}}}
+
+\def\@spxnthm#1#2[#3]#4#5{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
+   {\@definecounter{#1}\@addtoreset{#1}{#3}%
+   \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\expandafter\noexpand
+     \csname the#3\endcsname \noexpand\@thmcountersep \@thmcounter{#1}}%
+   \expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#2}%
+   \global\@namedef{#1}{\@spthm{#1}{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#4}{#5}}%
+                              \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}
+
+\def\@spynthm#1#2#3#4{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
+   {\@definecounter{#1}%
+   \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\@thmcounter{#1}}%
+   \expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#2}%
+   \global\@namedef{#1}{\@spthm{#1}{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#3}{#4}}%
+                               \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}
+
+\def\@spothm#1[#2]#3#4#5{%
+  \@ifundefined{c@#2}{\@latexerr{No theorem environment `#2' defined}\@eha}%
+  {\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
+  {\global\@namedef{the#1}{\@nameuse{the#2}}%
+  \expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#3}%
+  \global\@namedef{#1}{\@spthm{#2}{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#4}{#5}}%
+  \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}}
+
+\def\@spthm#1#2#3#4{\topsep 7\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@
+\labelsep=\spthmsep\refstepcounter{#1}%
+\@ifnextchar[{\@spythm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}}{\@spxthm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}}}
+
+\def\@spxthm#1#2#3#4{\@spbegintheorem{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}{#3}{#4}%
+                    \ignorespaces}
+
+\def\@spythm#1#2#3#4[#5]{\@spopargbegintheorem{#2}{\csname
+       the#1\endcsname}{#5}{#3}{#4}\ignorespaces}
+
+\def\normalthmheadings{\def\@spbegintheorem##1##2##3##4{\trivlist
+                 \item[\hskip\labelsep{##3##1\ ##2\@thmcounterend}]##4}
+\def\@spopargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4##5{\trivlist
+      \item[\hskip\labelsep{##4##1\ ##2}]{##4(##3)\@thmcounterend\ }##5}}
+\normalthmheadings
+
+\def\reversethmheadings{\def\@spbegintheorem##1##2##3##4{\trivlist
+                 \item[\hskip\labelsep{##3##2\ ##1\@thmcounterend}]##4}
+\def\@spopargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4##5{\trivlist
+      \item[\hskip\labelsep{##4##2\ ##1}]{##4(##3)\@thmcounterend\ }##5}}
+
+% definition of \spnewtheorem* without number
+
+\def\@sthm#1#2{\@Ynthm{#1}{#2}}
+
+\def\@Ynthm#1#2#3#4{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
+   {\global\@namedef{#1}{\@Thm{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#3}{#4}}%
+    \expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#2}%
+    \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}
+
+\def\@Thm#1#2#3{\topsep 7\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@
+\@ifnextchar[{\@Ythm{#1}{#2}{#3}}{\@Xthm{#1}{#2}{#3}}}
+
+\def\@Xthm#1#2#3{\@Begintheorem{#1}{#2}{#3}\ignorespaces}
+
+\def\@Ythm#1#2#3[#4]{\@Opargbegintheorem{#1}
+       {#4}{#2}{#3}\ignorespaces}
+
+\def\@Begintheorem#1#2#3{#3\trivlist
+                           \item[\hskip\labelsep{#2#1\@thmcounterend}]}
+
+\def\@Opargbegintheorem#1#2#3#4{#4\trivlist
+      \item[\hskip\labelsep{#3#1}]{#3(#2)\@thmcounterend\ }}
+
+% initialize theorem environment
+
+\if@envcntshowhiercnt % show hierarchy counter
+   \def\@thmcountersep{.}
+   \spnewtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[\envankh]{\bfseries}{\itshape}
+   \@addtoreset{theorem}{chapter}
+\else          % theorem counter only
+   \spnewtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}{\bfseries}{\itshape}
+   \if@envcntreset
+      \@addtoreset{theorem}{chapter}
+      \if@envcntresetsect
+         \@addtoreset{theorem}{section}
+      \fi
+   \fi
+\fi
+
+%definition of divers theorem environments
+\spnewtheorem*{claim}{Claim}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+%\spnewtheorem*{proof}{Proof}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+%
+\if@envcntsame % all environments like "Theorem" - using its counter
+   \def\spn@wtheorem#1#2#3#4{\@spothm{#1}[theorem]{#2}{#3}{#4}}
+\else % all environments with their own counter
+   \if@envcntshowhiercnt % show hierarchy counter
+      \def\spn@wtheorem#1#2#3#4{\@spxnthm{#1}{#2}[\envankh]{#3}{#4}}
+   \else          % environment counter only
+      \if@envcntreset % environment counter is reset each section
+         \if@envcntresetsect
+            \def\spn@wtheorem#1#2#3#4{\@spynthm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}
+             \@addtoreset{#1}{chapter}\@addtoreset{#1}{section}}
+         \else
+            \def\spn@wtheorem#1#2#3#4{\@spynthm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}
+                                      \@addtoreset{#1}{chapter}}
+         \fi
+      \else
+         \let\spn@wtheorem=\@spynthm
+      \fi
+   \fi
+\fi
+%
+\let\spdefaulttheorem=\spn@wtheorem
+%
+\spn@wtheorem{case}{Case}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{conjecture}{Conjecture}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{corollary}{Corollary}{\bfseries}{\itshape}
+\spn@wtheorem{definition}{Definition}{\bfseries}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{example}{Example}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{exercise}{Exercise}{\bfseries}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{lemma}{Lemma}{\bfseries}{\itshape}
+\spn@wtheorem{note}{Note}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{problem}{Problem}{\bfseries}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{property}{Property}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{proposition}{Proposition}{\bfseries}{\itshape}
+\spn@wtheorem{question}{Question}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{solution}{Solution}{\bfseries}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{remark}{Remark}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+%
+\newenvironment{theopargself}
+    {\def\@spopargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4##5{\trivlist
+         \item[\hskip\labelsep{##4##1\ ##2}]{##4##3\@thmcounterend\ }##5}
+     \def\@Opargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4{##4\trivlist
+         \item[\hskip\labelsep{##3##1}]{##3##2\@thmcounterend\ }}}{}
+\newenvironment{theopargself*}
+    {\def\@spopargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4##5{\trivlist
+         \item[\hskip\labelsep{##4##1\ ##2}]{\hspace*{-\labelsep}##4##3\@thmcounterend}##5}
+     \def\@Opargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4{##4\trivlist
+         \item[\hskip\labelsep{##3##1}]{\hspace*{-\labelsep}##3##2\@thmcounterend}}}{}
+%
+\spn@wtheorem{prob}{\nocaption}{\bfseries}{\rmfamily}
+\newcommand{\probref}[1]{\textbf{\ref{#1}} }
+\newenvironment{sol}{\par\addvspace{6pt}\noindent\probref}{\par\addvspace{6pt}}
+%
+\fi
+
+\def\@takefromreset#1#2{%
+    \def\@tempa{#1}%
+    \let\@tempd\@elt
+    \def\@elt##1{%
+        \def\@tempb{##1}%
+        \ifx\@tempa\@tempb\else
+            \@addtoreset{##1}{#2}%
+        \fi}%
+    \expandafter\expandafter\let\expandafter\@tempc\csname cl@#2\endcsname
+    \expandafter\def\csname cl@#2\endcsname{}%
+    \@tempc
+    \let\@elt\@tempd}
+
+% redefininition of the captions for "figure" and "table" environments
+%
+\@ifundefined{floatlegendstyle}{\def\floatlegendstyle{\bfseries}}{}
+\def\floatcounterend{\enspace}
+\def\capstrut{\vrule\@width\z@\@height\topskip}
+\@ifundefined{captionstyle}{\def\captionstyle{\normalfont\small}}{}
+\@ifundefined{instindent}{\newdimen\instindent}{}
+
+\long\def\@caption#1[#2]#3{\par\addcontentsline{\csname
+  ext@#1\endcsname}{#1}{\protect\numberline{\csname
+  the#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #2}}\begingroup
+    \@parboxrestore\if@minipage\@setminipage\fi
+    \@makecaption{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3}\par
+  \endgroup}
+
+\def\twocaptionwidth#1#2{\def\first@capwidth{#1}\def\second@capwidth{#2}}
+% Default: .46\textwidth
+\twocaptionwidth{.46\textwidth}{.46\textwidth}
+
+\def\leftcaption{\refstepcounter\@captype\@dblarg%
+            {\@leftcaption\@captype}}
+
+\def\rightcaption{\refstepcounter\@captype\@dblarg%
+            {\@rightcaption\@captype}}
+
+\long\def\@leftcaption#1[#2]#3{\addcontentsline{\csname
+  ext@#1\endcsname}{#1}{\protect\numberline{\csname
+  the#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #2}}\begingroup
+    \@parboxrestore
+    \vskip\figcapgap
+    \@maketwocaptions{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3}%
+    {\first@capwidth}\ignorespaces\hspace{.073\textwidth}\hfill%
+  \endgroup}
+
+\long\def\@rightcaption#1[#2]#3{\addcontentsline{\csname
+  ext@#1\endcsname}{#1}{\protect\numberline{\csname
+  the#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #2}}\begingroup
+    \@parboxrestore
+    \@maketwocaptions{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3}%
+    {\second@capwidth}\par
+  \endgroup}
+
+\long\def\@maketwocaptions#1#2#3{%
+   \parbox[t]{#3}{{\floatlegendstyle #1\floatcounterend}#2}}
+
+\def\fig@pos{l}
+\newcommand{\leftfigure}[2][\fig@pos]{\makebox[.4635\textwidth][#1]{#2}}
+\let\rightfigure\leftfigure
+
+\newdimen\figgap\figgap=0.5cm  % hgap between figure and sidecaption
+%
+\long\def\@makesidecaption#1#2{\@tempdimb=3.6cm
+   \setbox0=\vbox{\hsize=\@tempdimb
+                  \captionstyle{\floatlegendstyle
+                                         #1\floatcounterend}#2}%
+   \ifdim\instindent<\z@
+      \ifdim\ht0>-\instindent
+         \advance\instindent by\ht0
+         \typeout{^^JClass-Warning: Legend of \string\sidecaption\space for
+                     \@captype\space\csname the\@captype\endcsname
+                  ^^Jis \the\instindent\space taller than the corresponding float -
+                  ^^Jyou'd better switch the environment. }%
+         \instindent\z@
+      \fi
+   \else
+      \ifdim\ht0<\instindent
+         \advance\instindent by-\ht0
+         \advance\instindent by-\dp0\relax
+         \advance\instindent by\topskip
+         \advance\instindent by-11\p@
+      \else
+         \advance\instindent by-\ht0
+         \instindent=-\instindent
+         \typeout{^^JClass-Warning: Legend of \string\sidecaption\space for
+                     \@captype\space\csname the\@captype\endcsname
+                  ^^Jis \the\instindent\space taller than the corresponding float -
+                  ^^Jyou'd better switch the environment. }%
+         \instindent\z@
+      \fi
+   \fi
+   \parbox[b]{\@tempdimb}{\captionstyle{\floatlegendstyle
+                                        #1\floatcounterend}#2%
+                          \ifdim\instindent>\z@ \\
+                               \vrule\@width\z@\@height\instindent
+                                     \@depth\z@
+                          \fi}}
+\def\sidecaption{\@ifnextchar[\sidec@ption{\sidec@ption[b]}}
+%
+\newbox\bildb@x
+%
+\def\sidec@ption[#1]#2\caption{%
+\setbox\bildb@x=\hbox{\ignorespaces#2\unskip}%
+\if@twocolumn
+ \ifdim\hsize<\textwidth\else
+   \ifdim\wd\bildb@x<\columnwidth
+      \typeout{Double column float fits into single column -
+            ^^Jyou'd better switch the environment. }%
+   \fi
+ \fi
+\fi
+  \instindent=\ht\bildb@x
+  \advance\instindent by\dp\bildb@x
+\if t#1
+\else
+  \instindent=-\instindent
+\fi
+\@tempdimb=\hsize
+\advance\@tempdimb by-\figgap
+\advance\@tempdimb by-\wd\bildb@x
+\ifdim\@tempdimb<3.6cm
+   \ClassWarning{SVMono}{\string\sidecaption: No sufficient room for the legend;
+             ^^Jusing normal \string\caption}%
+   \unhbox\bildb@x
+   \let\@capcommand=\@caption
+\else
+%  \ifdim\@tempdimb<4.5cm
+%     \ClassWarning{SVMono}{\string\sidecaption: Room for the legend very narrow;
+%              ^^Jusing \string\raggedright}%
+      \toks@\expandafter{\captionstyle\sloppy
+                         \rightskip=\z@\@plus6mm\relax}%
+      \def\captionstyle{\the\toks@}%
+%  \fi
+   \let\@capcommand=\@sidecaption
+%  \leavevmode
+%  \unhbox\bildb@x
+%  \hfill
+\fi
+\refstepcounter\@captype
+\@dblarg{\@capcommand\@captype}}
+\long\def\@sidecaption#1[#2]#3{\addcontentsline{\csname
+  ext@#1\endcsname}{#1}{\protect\numberline{\csname
+  the#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #2}}\begingroup
+    \@parboxrestore
+    \@makesidecaption{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3}%
+    \hfill
+    \unhbox\bildb@x
+    \par
+  \endgroup}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\def\fig@type{figure}
+
+\def\leftlegendglue{\relax}
+\newdimen\figcapgap\figcapgap=5\p@   % vgap between figure and caption
+\newdimen\tabcapgap\tabcapgap=3\p@ % vgap between caption and table
+
+\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{%
+ \captionstyle
+ \ifx\@captype\fig@type
+   \vskip\figcapgap
+ \fi
+ \setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{{\floatlegendstyle #1\floatcounterend}%
+ \capstrut #2}%
+ \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize
+   {\floatlegendstyle #1\floatcounterend}\capstrut #2\par
+ \else
+   \hbox to\hsize{\leftlegendglue\unhbox\@tempboxa\hfil}%
+ \fi
+ \ifx\@captype\fig@type\else
+   \vskip\tabcapgap
+ \fi}
+
+\newcounter{merk}
+
+\def\endfigure{\resetsubfig\end@float}
+
+\@namedef{endfigure*}{\resetsubfig\end@dblfloat}
+
+\def\resetsubfig{\global\let\last@subfig=\undefined}
+
+\def\r@setsubfig{\xdef\last@subfig{\number\value{figure}}%
+\setcounter{figure}{\value{merk}}%
+\setcounter{merk}{0}}
+
+\def\subfigures{\refstepcounter{figure}%
+   \@tempcnta=\value{merk}%
+   \setcounter{merk}{\value{figure}}%
+   \setcounter{figure}{\the\@tempcnta}%
+   \def\thefigure{\if@numart\else\thechapter.\fi
+   \@arabic\c@merk\alph{figure}}%
+   \let\resetsubfig=\r@setsubfig}
+
+\def\samenumber{\addtocounter{\@captype}{-1}%
+\@ifundefined{last@subfig}{}{\setcounter{merk}{\last@subfig}}}
+
+% redefinition of the "bibliography" environment
+%
+\def\biblstarthook#1{\gdef\biblst@rthook{#1}}
+%
+\AtBeginDocument{%
+\ifx\secbibl\undefined
+   \def\bibsection{\chapter*{\refname}\markboth{\refname}{\refname}%
+      \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\refname}%
+      \csname biblst@rthook\endcsname\par}
+\else
+   \def\bibsection{\section*{\refname}\markright{\refname}%
+      \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\refname}%
+      \csname biblst@rthook\endcsname\par}
+\fi}
+\ifx\oribibl\undefined % Springer way of life
+   \renewenvironment{thebibliography}[1]{\bibsection
+         \global\let\biblst@rthook=\undefined
+         \def\@biblabel##1{##1.}
+         \small
+         \list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
+              {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
+               \leftmargin\labelwidth
+               \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
+               \if@openbib
+                 \advance\leftmargin\bibindent
+                 \itemindent -\bibindent
+                 \listparindent \itemindent
+                 \parsep \z@
+               \fi
+               \usecounter{enumiv}%
+               \let\p@enumiv\@empty
+               \renewcommand\theenumiv{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
+         \if@openbib
+           \renewcommand\newblock{\par}%
+         \else
+           \renewcommand\newblock{\hskip .11em \@plus.33em \@minus.07em}%
+         \fi
+         \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000%
+         \sfcode`\.=\@m}
+        {\def\@noitemerr
+          {\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}%
+         \endlist}
+   \def\@lbibitem[#1]#2{\item[{[#1]}\hfill]\if@filesw
+        {\let\protect\noexpand\immediate
+        \write\@auxout{\string\bibcite{#2}{#1}}}\fi\ignorespaces}
+\else % original bibliography is required
+   \let\bibname=\refname
+   \renewenvironment{thebibliography}[1]
+     {\chapter*{\bibname
+        \@mkboth{\bibname}{\bibname}}%
+      \list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
+           {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
+            \leftmargin\labelwidth
+            \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
+            \@openbib@code
+            \usecounter{enumiv}%
+            \let\p@enumiv\@empty
+            \renewcommand\theenumiv{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
+      \sloppy
+      \clubpenalty4000
+      \@clubpenalty \clubpenalty
+      \widowpenalty4000%
+      \sfcode`\.\@m}
+     {\def\@noitemerr
+       {\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}%
+      \endlist}
+\fi
+
+\let\if@threecolind\iffalse
+\def\threecolindex{\let\if@threecolind\iftrue}
+\def\indexstarthook#1{\gdef\indexst@rthook{#1}}
+\renewenvironment{theindex}
+               {\if@twocolumn
+                  \@restonecolfalse
+                \else
+                  \@restonecoltrue
+                \fi
+                \columnseprule \z@
+                \columnsep 1cc
+                \@nobreaktrue
+                \if@threecolind
+                   \begin{multicols}{3}[\chapter*{\indexname}%
+                \else
+                   \begin{multicols}{2}[\chapter*{\indexname}%
+                \fi
+                {\csname indexst@rthook\endcsname}]%
+                \global\let\indexst@rthook=\undefined
+                \markboth{\indexname}{\indexname}%
+                \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\indexname}%
+                \parindent\z@
+                \rightskip\z@ \@plus 40\p@
+                \parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax
+                \flushbottom
+                \let\item\@idxitem
+                \def\,{\relax\ifmmode\mskip\thinmuskip
+                             \else\hskip0.2em\ignorespaces\fi}%
+                \normalfont\small}
+               {\end{multicols}
+                \global\let\if@threecolind\iffalse
+                \if@restonecol\onecolumn\else\clearpage\fi}
+
+\def\idxquad{\hskip 10\p@}% space that divides entry from number
+
+\def\@idxitem{\par\setbox0=\hbox{--\,--\,--\enspace}%
+                  \hangindent\wd0\relax}
+
+\def\subitem{\par\noindent\setbox0=\hbox{--\enspace}% second order
+                \kern\wd0\setbox0=\hbox{--\,--\,--\enspace}%
+                \hangindent\wd0\relax}% indexentry
+
+\def\subsubitem{\par\noindent\setbox0=\hbox{--\,--\enspace}% third order
+                \kern\wd0\setbox0=\hbox{--\,--\,--\enspace}%
+                \hangindent\wd0\relax}% indexentry
+
+\def\indexspace{\par \vskip 10\p@ \@plus5\p@ \@minus3\p@\relax}
+
+\def\subtitle#1{\gdef\@subtitle{#1}}
+\def\@subtitle{}
+
+\def\maketitle{\par
+ \begingroup
+   \def\thefootnote{\fnsymbol{footnote}}%
+   \def\@makefnmark{\hbox
+       to\z@{$\m@th^{\@thefnmark}$\hss}}%
+   \if@twocolumn
+     \twocolumn[\@maketitle]%
+     \else \newpage
+     \global\@topnum\z@   % Prevents figures from going at top of page.
+     \@maketitle \fi\thispagestyle{empty}\@thanks
+     \par\penalty -\@M
+ \endgroup
+ \setcounter{footnote}{0}%
+ \let\maketitle\relax
+ \let\@maketitle\relax
+ \gdef\@thanks{}\gdef\@author{}\gdef\@title{}\let\thanks\relax}
+
+\def\@maketitle{\newpage
+ \null
+ \vskip 2em                 % Vertical space above title.
+\begingroup
+  \def\and{\unskip, }
+  \parindent=\z@
+  \pretolerance=10000
+  \rightskip=\z@ \@plus 3cm
+  {\LARGE                   % each author set in \LARGE
+   \lineskip .5em
+   \@author
+   \par}%
+  \vskip 2cm                % Vertical space after author.
+  {\Huge \@title \par}%     % Title set in \Huge size.
+  \vskip 1cm                % Vertical space after title.
+  \if!\@subtitle!\else
+   {\LARGE\ignorespaces\@subtitle \par}
+   \vskip 1cm                % Vertical space after subtitle.
+  \fi
+  \if!\@date!\else
+    {\large \@date}%          % Date set in \large size.
+    \par
+    \vskip 1.5em               % Vertical space after date.
+  \fi
+ \vfill
+ {\Large Springer Nature\par}
+%\vskip 5\p@
+%\large
+%  Berlin\enspace Heidelberg\enspace New\kern0.1em York\\
+%  Hong\thinspace Kong\enspace London\\
+%  Milan\enspace Paris\enspace Tokyo\par
+\endgroup}
+
+% Useful environments
+\newenvironment{acknowledgement}{\par\addvspace{17\p@}\small\rm
+\trivlist\item[\hskip\labelsep{\bfseries\ackname}]}
+{\endtrivlist\addvspace{6\p@}}
+%
+\newenvironment{noteadd}{\par\addvspace{17\p@}\small\rm
+\trivlist\item[\hskip\labelsep{\it\noteaddname}]}
+{\endtrivlist\addvspace{6\p@}}
+%
+\DeclareRobustCommand\abstract{\@ifstar\@abstgobl\@abstract}
+\def\@abstract#1{\noindent\textbf{\abstractname} #1\par
+%\@afterindentfalse
+%\@afterheading
+}
+\def\@abstgobl#1{\par
+%\@afterindentfalse
+%\@afterheading
+}
+%
+\newcommand{\keywords}[1]{\par\addvspace\baselineskip
+\noindent\keywordname\enspace\ignorespaces#1}
+%
+% define the running headings of a twoside text
+\def\runheadsize{\small}
+\def\runheadstyle{\rmfamily\upshape}
+\def\customizhead{\hspace{\headlineindent}}
+
+\def\ps@bchap{%\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
+     \let\@oddhead\@empty\let\@evenhead\@empty
+     \def\@oddfoot{\reset@font\small\hfil\thepage}%
+     \let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot}
+
+\def\ps@headings{\let\@mkboth\markboth
+   \let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty
+   \def\@evenhead{\runheadsize\runheadstyle\rlap{\thepage}\hfil
+                  \leftmark}
+   \def\@oddhead{\runheadsize\runheadstyle\rightmark\hfil
+                  \llap{\thepage}}
+   \def\chaptermark##1{\markboth{{\if@chapnum %\ifnum\c@secnumdepth>\m@ne
+      \thechapter\thechapterend\hskip\betweenumberspace\fi ##1}}{{\if@chapnum %\ifnum\c@secnumdepth>\m@ne
+      \thechapter\thechapterend\hskip\betweenumberspace\fi ##1}}}%!!!
+   \def\sectionmark##1{\markright{{\ifnum\c@secnumdepth>\z@
+      \thesection\seccounterend\hskip\betweenumberspace\fi ##1}}}}
+
+\def\ps@myheadings{\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
+   \let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty
+   \def\@evenhead{\runheadsize\runheadstyle\rlap{\thepage}\hfil
+                  \leftmark}
+   \def\@oddhead{\runheadsize\runheadstyle\rightmark\hfil
+                  \llap{\thepage}}
+   \let\chaptermark\@gobble
+   \let\sectionmark\@gobble
+   \let\subsectionmark\@gobble}
+
+
+\ps@headings
+
+%%%SOPHIE TEMPLATE BEGIN%%%
+
+\RequirePackage[x11names]{xcolor}
+
+\definecolor{trailer}{gray}{0.9}
+\definecolor{example}{gray}{0.85}
+\definecolor{question}{gray}{0.8}
+\definecolor{important}{gray}{0.75}
+\definecolor{warning}{gray}{0.7}
+\definecolor{programcode}{gray}{0.65}
+\definecolor{tips}{gray}{0.6}
+\definecolor{overview}{gray}{0.55}
+\definecolor{backgroundinformation}{gray}{0.5}
+\definecolor{legaltext}{gray}{0.45}
+
+\newcommand\circledmark[2][white]{%
+  \ooalign{%
+    \hidewidth
+    \kern0.65ex\raisebox{-1.3ex}{\scalebox{3}{\textcolor{#1}{\textbullet}}}
+    \hidewidth\cr
+    #2\cr
+  }%
+}
+
+\def\formtmp#1#2{{\vskip12pt\noindent\fboxsep=0pt\colorbox{#1}{\vbox{\vskip3pt\hbox to \textwidth{\hskip3pt\vbox{\raggedright\noindent\textbf{#2\vphantom{Qy}}}\hfill}\vspace*{3pt}}}\par\vskip2pt%
+\noindent\kern0pt}}
+
+\newenvironment{trailer}[1]{\ignorespaces\def\stmtopen##1{##1}%
+\formtmp{trailer}{#1}}{\par\noindent\textcolor{trailer}{\rule{\columnwidth}{1pt}}\vskip2pt\par\addvspace{\baselineskip}}%
+
+\renewenvironment{example}[1]{\ignorespaces\def\stmtopen##1{##1}%
+\formtmp{example}{#1}}{\par\noindent\textcolor{example}{\rule{\columnwidth}{1pt}}\vskip2pt\par\addvspace{\baselineskip}}%
+
+\renewenvironment{question}[1]{\ignorespaces\def\stmtopen##1{##1}%
+\formtmp{question}{\ \circledmark[white]{\textcolor{black}{\sf\bfseries?}}{\kern6pt}#1}}{\par\noindent\textcolor{question}{\rule{\columnwidth}{1pt}}\vskip2pt\par\addvspace{\baselineskip}}%
+
+\newenvironment{important}[1]{\ignorespaces\def\stmtopen##1{##1}%
+\formtmp{important}{\ \circledmark{\textcolor{black}{$\ >$}}{\kern6pt}#1}}{\par\noindent\textcolor{important}{\rule{\columnwidth}{1pt}}\vskip2pt\par\addvspace{\baselineskip}}%
+
+\newenvironment{warning}[1]{\ignorespaces\def\stmtopen##1{##1}%
+\formtmp{warning}{\ \circledmark[white]{\textcolor{black}{!}}{\kern6pt}#1}}{\par\noindent\textcolor{warning}{\rule{\columnwidth}{1pt}}\vskip2pt\par\addvspace{\baselineskip}}%
+
+\newenvironment{programcode}[1]{\ignorespaces\def\stmtopen##1{##1}%
+\formtmp{programcode}{#1}}{\noindent\textcolor{programcode}{\rule{\columnwidth}{1pt}}\vskip2pt\par\addvspace{\baselineskip}}%
+
+\newenvironment{tips}[1]{\ignorespaces\def\stmtopen##1{##1}%
+\formtmp{tips}{#1}}{\par\noindent\textcolor{tips}{\rule{\columnwidth}{1pt}}\vskip2pt\par\addvspace{\baselineskip}}%
+
+\newenvironment{overview}[1]{\ignorespaces\def\stmtopen##1{##1}%
+\formtmp{overview}{#1}}{\par\noindent\textcolor{overview}{\rule{\columnwidth}{1pt}}\vskip2pt\par\addvspace{\baselineskip}}%
+ 
+\newenvironment{backgroundinformation}[1]{\ignorespaces\def\stmtopen##1{##1}%
+\formtmp{backgroundinformation}{#1}}{\par\noindent\textcolor{backgroundinformation}{\rule{\columnwidth}{1pt}}\vskip2pt\par\addvspace{\baselineskip}}%
+
+\newenvironment{legaltext}[1]{\ignorespaces\def\stmtopen##1{##1}%
+\formtmp{legaltext}{#1}}{\par\noindent\textcolor{legaltext}{\rule{\columnwidth}{1pt}}\vskip2pt\par\addvspace{\baselineskip}}%
+
+\newenvironment{newshaded}{%
+  \def\FrameCommand{\fboxsep=0pt \colorbox{shadecolor}}%
+  \MakeFramed
+{\FrameRestore}}%
+{\endMakeFramed}
+\AtBeginDocument{\renewenvironment{svgraybox}%
+       {\fboxsep=12pt\relax
+        \begin{newshaded}\vspace*{10pt}%
+        \list{}{\leftmargin=12pt\rightmargin=12pt\topsep=\z@\relax}%
+        \expandafter\item\parindent=\svparindent
+        \hskip-\listparindent}%
+       {\vspace*{10pt}\endlist\end{newshaded}}}%
+
+\def\boxtext#1{\vskip\baselineskip\moveleft26pt\vbox{\fboxsep3pt\fbox{#1}}}%
+
+\newcommand\guisection{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}%
+                       {-18\p@}% \p@lus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}%
+                       {4\p@}% \p@lus 4\p@ \@minus 4\p@}%
+                       {\normalfont\secsize\secstyle
+                        \rightskip=\z@ \@plus 8em\pretolerance=10000 }}
+\newcommand\guisubsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
+                       {-18\p@}% \p@lus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}%
+                       {4\p@}% \p@lus 4\p@ \@minus 4\p@}%
+                       {\normalfont\subsecsize\subsecstyle
+                        \rightskip=\z@ \@plus 8em\pretolerance=10000 }}
+
+\newenvironment{refguide}
+{\let\section\guisection%
+\let\subsection\guisubsection}
+{}
+
+                        %%%SOPHIE TEMPLATE END%%%
+
+\usepackage[thmmarks,thref]{ntheorem} 
+\theoremstyle{nonumberplain}
+\theoremheaderfont{\itshape}
+\theorembodyfont{\upshape}
+\theoremsymbol{\ensuremath{\square}}
+\newtheorem{proof}{Proof} 
+\gdef\NoneSymbol{}
+
+\makeatletter
+
+% MiniTOC
+% one outputstream for all minitocs
+\newwrite\minitoc
+\let\MiniTOC=N % switch for MT processing in .aux files
+\newcounter{minitocdepth}
+\setcounter{minitocdepth}{0}
+% LaTeX does not provide a command to enter the authors institute
+% addresses. The \institute command is defined here.
+\newcounter{@inst}
+\newcounter{@auth}
+\newcounter{auco}
+\newdimen\instindent
+\newbox\authrun
+\newtoks\authorrunning
+\newtoks\tocauthor
+\newbox\titrun
+\newtoks\titlerunning
+\newtoks\toctitle
+\def\clearheadinfo{\gdef\@author{No Author Given}%
+                   \gdef\@title{No Title Given}%
+                   \gdef\@subtitle{}%
+                   \gdef\@institute{}%
+                   \gdef\@thanks{}%
+                   \global\titlerunning={}\global\authorrunning={}%
+                   \global\toctitle={}\global\tocauthor={}}
+\def\institute#1{\gdef\@institute{#1}}
+\def\guidetitle{\@ifstar\s@title\n@title}
+\def\s@title#1{\gdef\@title{#1}\ds@numart}
+\def\n@title#1{\gdef\@title{#1}\ds@book}
+\def\institutename
+ {\begingroup
+ \if!\@institute!\else
+ \def\thanks##1{\unskip{}}%
+ \def\iand{\\[5pt]\let\and=\nand}%
+ \def\nand{\ifhmode\unskip\nobreak\fi\ $\cdot$ }%
+ \let\and=\nand
+ \def\at{\\\let\and=\iand}%
+ \footnotetext[0]{\kern-\bibindent
+ \ignorespaces\@institute}\vspace{5dd}\fi
+ \endgroup
+ }%
+\clearheadinfo
+\newcounter{contribution}
+\def\chap@hangfrom#1{\if!#1!\else
+\@chapapp\ #1\vskip2pt\fi}%
+\newcommand\guidemaketitle{\par\startnewpage
+  \stepcounter{section}%
+  \setcounter{section}{0}%
+  \setcounter{subsection}{0}%
+  \setcounter{figure}{0}
+  \setcounter{table}{0}
+  \setcounter{equation}{0}
+  \setcounter{footnote}{0}%
+  \if@numart
+     \stepcounter{chapter}%
+     \addtocounter{chapter}{-1}%
+  \else
+     \refstepcounter{chapter}%
+  \fi
+  \stepcounter{contribution}%
+  \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\immediate\string\closeout\string\minitoc}%
+  \immediate\write\@auxout{\let\MiniTOC=N}%
+% try to be hyperref-compatible
+  \csname phantomsection\endcsname
+  \begingroup
+    \parindent=\z@
+%%%%%%%%%    \renewcommand\thefootnote{\@fnsymbol\c@footnote}%
+%
+    \renewcommand\thefootnote{\@fnsymbol\c@footnote}%
+    \def\@makefnmark{$^{\@thefnmark}$}%
+    \renewcommand\@makefntext[1]{%
+    \noindent
+    \hb@xt@\bibindent{\hss\@makefnmark\enspace}##1\vrule height0pt
+    width0pt depth8pt}
+%
+    \if@twocolumn
+      \ifnum \col@number=\@ne
+        \@maketitle
+      \else
+        \twocolumn[\@maketitle]%
+      \fi
+    \else
+      \newpage
+      \global\@topnum\z@   % Prevents figures from going at top of page.
+      \@maketitle
+    \fi
+    \@ifundefined{thispagecropped}{}{\thispagecropped}
+    \thispagestyle{bchap}\@thanks
+%
+    \def\\{\unskip\ \ignorespaces}\def\inst##1{\unskip{}}%
+    \def\thanks##1{\unskip{}}\def\fnmsep{\unskip}%
+    \instindent=\hsize
+    \advance\instindent by-\headlineindent
+    \if@numart % keine Nummer
+        \if!\the\toctitle!\addcontentsline{toc}{title}{\@title}\else
+        \addcontentsline{toc}{title}{\the\toctitle}\fi
+    \else
+        \if!\the\toctitle!\addcontentsline{toc}{titlech}{\protect\numberline{\thechapter\thechapterend}\@title}\else
+        \addcontentsline{toc}{titlech}{\protect\numberline{\thechapter\thechapterend}\the\toctitle}\fi
+    \fi
+    \if@runhead
+       \if!\the\titlerunning!\else
+         \edef\@title{\the\titlerunning}%
+       \fi
+       \global\setbox\titrun=\hbox{\small\rm\unboldmath\if@numart\else
+                                   \@seccntformat{chapter}\fi
+                                   \ignorespaces\@title}%
+       \ifdim\wd\titrun>\instindent
+          \typeout{Title too long for running head. Please supply}%
+          \typeout{a shorter form with \string\titlerunning\space prior to
+                   \string\maketitle}%
+          \global\setbox\titrun=\hbox{\small\rm
+          Title Suppressed Due to Excessive Length}%
+       \fi
+       \xdef\@title{\copy\titrun}%
+    \fi
+%
+    \if!\the\tocauthor!\relax
+      {\def\and{\noexpand\protect\noexpand\and}%
+      \protected@xdef\toc@uthor{\@author}}%
+    \else
+      \def\\{\noexpand\protect\noexpand\newline}%
+      \protected@xdef\scratch{\the\tocauthor}%
+      \protected@xdef\toc@uthor{\scratch}%
+    \fi
+    \addtocontents{toc}{\noexpand\protect\noexpand\authcount{\the\c@auco}}%
+    \if@numart
+       \addcontentsline{toc}{author}{\toc@uthor}%
+    \else
+       \addcontentsline{toc}{authorch}{\toc@uthor}%
+    \fi
+    \if@runhead
+       \if!\the\authorrunning!
+         \value{@inst}=\value{@auth}%
+         \setcounter{@auth}{1}%
+       \else
+         \edef\@author{\the\authorrunning}%
+       \fi
+       \global\setbox\authrun=\hbox{\small\unboldmath\@author\unskip}%
+       \ifdim\wd\authrun>\instindent
+          \typeout{Names of authors too long for running head. Please supply}%
+          \typeout{a shorter form with \string\authorrunning\space prior to
+                   \string\maketitle}%
+          \global\setbox\authrun=\hbox{\small\rm
+          Authors Suppressed Due to Excessive Length}%
+       \fi
+       \xdef\scratch{\copy\authrun}%
+       \markboth{\scratch}{\@title}%
+     \fi
+  \endgroup
+% \setcounter{footnote}{0}% footnote starts at (\inst+1)
+  \@afterindentfalse\@afterheading
+  \clearheadinfo}
+%
+\def\@guidemaketitle{\newpage
+ \markboth{}{}%
+ \def\lastand{\ifnum\value{@inst}=2\relax
+                 \unskip{} \andname\
+              \else
+                 \unskip \lastandname\
+              \fi}%
+ \def\and{\stepcounter{@auth}\relax
+          \ifnum\value{@auth}=\value{@inst}%
+             \lastand
+          \else
+             \unskip,
+          \fi}%
+  \raggedright
+ {\chapnumsize
+%  \chapnumstyle
+  \pretolerance=10000
+  \let\\=\newline
+% \@hangfrom{\@svsec}%
+%%%  \@svsec
+  \raggedright
+  \hyphenpenalty \@M
+  \interlinepenalty \@M
+  \if@numart
+     \chap@hangfrom{}%!!!
+  \else
+%     \chap@hangfrom{\thechapter\thechapterend\hskip\betweenumberspace}%!!!
+  \fi
+  \ignorespaces
+  \chapsize
+%  \chapstyle
+  \@title \par}\vskip .8cm
+\if!\@subtitle!\else {\chapnumsize\chapnumstyle
+  \vskip -.65cm
+  \pretolerance=10000
+  \@subtitle \par}\vskip .8cm\fi
+ \setbox0=\vbox{\setcounter{@auth}{1}\def\and{\stepcounter{@auth}}%
+ \def\thanks##1{}\@author}%
+ \global\value{@inst}=\value{@auth}%
+ \global\value{auco}=\value{@auth}%
+ \setcounter{@auth}{1}%
+{\lineskip .5em
+ \noindent\ignorespaces
+ \@author\vskip.35cm}
+ \processmotto % {\small\institutename\par}
+ \institutename
+ \ifdim\pagetotal>157\p@
+     \vskip 11\p@
+ \else
+     \@tempdima=168\p@\advance\@tempdima by-\pagetotal
+     \vskip\@tempdima
+ \fi
+}%
+
+\def\guidelinedefn{\let\title\guidetitle%
+\let\maketitle\guidemaketitle%
+\let\@maketitle\@guidemaketitle}%
+
+\makeatother
+
+\endinput
+%end of file svmono.cls