employed the matrix-free Krylov basis generation technique. The
proposed method also applies the more robust Gear-2 integration to
compute the sensitivity matrix. Experimental results from several
integrated on-chip power converters have shown that the proposed GPU
envelope-following algorithm can lead to about 10$\times$ speedup
compared to its CPU counterpart, and 100$\times$ faster than the
employed the matrix-free Krylov basis generation technique. The
proposed method also applies the more robust Gear-2 integration to
compute the sensitivity matrix. Experimental results from several
integrated on-chip power converters have shown that the proposed GPU
envelope-following algorithm can lead to about 10$\times$ speedup
compared to its CPU counterpart, and 100$\times$ faster than the