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65 </style></head><body><div class="content"><h1>EXAMPLE OF MULTI-LAYERED EMBEDDING - +-1 DISTORTION LIMITED SENDER</h1><p>implemented using syndrome-trellis codes</p><pre class="codeinput">clc; clear;
67 n = 1e+5; <span class="comment">% use n pixels</span>
68 h = 12; <span class="comment">% use STCs with constraint_height = 10. Try values between 7 and 12.</span>
70 cover = int32(256*rand(1,n)); <span class="comment">% generate random cover pixels</span>
71 msg = uint8(rand(1,n)); <span class="comment">% generate n random message bits, only some portion will be utilized</span>
73 costs = zeros(3, n, <span class="string">'single'</span>); <span class="comment">% for each pixel, assign cost of being changed</span>
74 costs(:,1) = [1 0 1]; <span class="comment">% cost of changing the first cover pixel by -1, 0, +1</span>
75 costs([1 3],2:end) = 1; <span class="comment">% cost can be defined arbitrarily</span>
77 l = 0.08; <span class="comment">% expected coding loss</span>
78 target_dist = 1000; <span class="comment">% target distortion in the distortion-limited sender</span>
79 [d stego n_msg_bits l] = stc_pm1_dls_embed(cover, costs, msg, target_dist, l, h);
80 extr_msg = stc_ml_extract(stego, n_msg_bits, h);
82 <span class="keyword">if</span> all(extr_msg==msg(1:sum(n_msg_bits)))
83 fprintf(<span class="string">'Message was embedded and extracted correctly.\n'</span>);
84 fprintf(<span class="string">' %d bits embedded => %d bits in 2LSB and %d bits in LSB.\n'</span>, <span class="keyword">...</span>
85 sum(n_msg_bits), n_msg_bits(1), n_msg_bits(2));
86 fprintf(<span class="string">' achieved coding_loss = %4.2f%%\n'</span>, l*100);
87 fprintf(<span class="string">' distortion caused by embedding = %g required = %g\n'</span>, d, target_dist);
88 <span class="keyword">end</span>
89 </pre><pre class="codeoutput">Message was embedded and extracted correctly.
90 7771 bits embedded => 3545 bits in 2LSB and 4226 bits in LSB.
91 achieved coding_loss = 11.66%
92 distortion caused by embedding = 963 required = 1000
93 </pre><p class="footer"><br>
94 Published with MATLAB® 7.9<br></p></div><!--
95 ##### SOURCE BEGIN #####
96 %% EXAMPLE OF MULTI-LAYERED EMBEDDING - +-1 DISTORTION LIMITED SENDER
97 % implemented using syndrome-trellis codes
100 n = 1e+5; % use n pixels
101 h = 12; % use STCs with constraint_height = 10. Try values between 7 and 12.
103 cover = int32(256*rand(1,n)); % generate random cover pixels
104 msg = uint8(rand(1,n)); % generate n random message bits, only some portion will be utilized
106 costs = zeros(3, n, 'single'); % for each pixel, assign cost of being changed
107 costs(:,1) = [1 0 1]; % cost of changing the first cover pixel by -1, 0, +1
108 costs([1 3],2:end) = 1; % cost can be defined arbitrarily
110 l = 0.08; % expected coding loss
111 target_dist = 1000; % target distortion in the distortion-limited sender
112 [d stego n_msg_bits l] = stc_pm1_dls_embed(cover, costs, msg, target_dist, l, h);
113 extr_msg = stc_ml_extract(stego, n_msg_bits, h);
115 if all(extr_msg==msg(1:sum(n_msg_bits)))
116 fprintf('Message was embedded and extracted correctly.\n');
117 fprintf(' %d bits embedded => %d bits in 2LSB and %d bits in LSB.\n', ...
118 sum(n_msg_bits), n_msg_bits(1), n_msg_bits(2));
119 fprintf(' achieved coding_loss = %4.2f%%\n', l*100);
120 fprintf(' distortion caused by embedding = %g required = %g\n', d, target_dist);
123 ##### SOURCE END #####