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\title{STABYLO: 
STeganography with 
Adaptive,  Bbs, and binarY embedding at LOw cost}

\author{Jean-Fran\c cois Couchot, Raphael Couturier, and  Christophe Guyeux\thanks{Authors in alphabetic order}}


\institute{ Jean-Fran\c cois Couchot, Raphael Couturier, and  Christophe Guyeux \at 
  FEMTO-ST Institute, UMR 6174 CNRS\\
  Computer Science Laboratory DISC,
  University of Franche-Comt\'{e},
  Besan\c con, France.
\email{\{jean-francois.couchot, raphael.couturier, christophe.guyeux\}@univ-fcomte.fr}
}


\date{Received: date / Accepted: date}










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\keywords{Steganography, least-significant-bit (LSB)-based steganography, edge detection, Canny filter, security, syndrome trellis codes}








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\begin{abstract}

A new steganographic method called STABYLO is introduced in 
this research work.
Its main advantage is to be much lighter than the so-called
HUGO, WOW, and UNIWARD schemes, the state of the art
steganographic processes.
Additionally to this effectiveness, 
quite comparable results through noise measures like PSNR-HVS-M 
and weighted PSNR (wPSNR) are obtained.
To achieve the proposed goal, famous experimented 
components of signal processing, 
coding theory, and cryptography are combined together, leading to 
a scheme that can reasonably face up-to-date steganalysers.
\end{abstract}






\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
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\section{Presentation of the Proposed Approach}\label{sec:ourapproach}
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\section{Complexity Analysis}\label{sub:complexity}
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\section{Experiments}\label{sec:experiments}
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\section{Conclusion}\label{sec:concl}

The STABYLO algorithm, whose acronym means STeganography with 
Adaptive,  Bbs, and binarY embedding at LOw cost, has been introduced 
in this document as an efficient method having comparable, though
somewhat smaller, security than well-known
steganographic schemes  
HUGO, WOW, and UNIWARD.
This edge-based steganographic approach embeds a Canny
detection filter, the secure Blum-Blum-Shub cryptosystem 
with its pseudorandom number generator, 
together with Syndrome-Trellis Codes
for minimizing distortion.
The complexity study of our proposed method and of the  
state of the art steganographic tools has shown that our approach 
has the lowest computation cost among all. 
This justifies the lightweight attribute of our scheme.
The evaluation of introduced noise measures 
(namely, the PSNR, PSNR-HVS-M, and weighted PSNR), 
and of its embedding through stegenalysers (namely Ensemble Classifier)  
have shown that STABYLO is efficient enough to 
produce qualitative images and 
to face steganalysers.




% Of course, other detectors like the fuzzy edge methods
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% to investigate systematically all of these detectors in our next work.


For future work, the authors' intention is to investigate systematically 
all the existing edge detection methods, 
to see if the STABYLO evaluation scores can
be improved by replacing Canny with another edge filter.
Moreover, we plan to improve the distortion function by integrating 
into a numerical cost the gradient value of this kind of
algorithm. We could thus transmit this value to STC contrary to the current 
version where the distortion that is transmited is either 1 in 
the adaptive strategy or 1,10, 100 in the fixed strategy.

Other steganalysers than the ones used in this document will be
examined for the sake of completeness. Finally, the
systematic replacement of all the LSBs of edges by binary digits provided
by the BBS generator will be investigated, and the consequences of such a 
replacement, in terms of security, will be discussed.
Furthermore, we plan to investigate information hiding on other models, such as high frequency for JPEG encoding.


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