-This research work takes place in the field of information hiding, considerably developed
-these last two decades. The proposed method for
+This research work takes place in the field of information hiding, considerably developed for the last two decades. The proposed method for
steganography considers digital images as covers.
It belongs to the well-known large category
of spatial least significant bits (LSBs) replacement schemes.
-Let us recall that, in this LSBR category, a subset of all the LSBs of the cover image is modified
+Let us recall that, in this LSB replacement category, a subset of all the LSBs of the cover image is modified
with a secret bit stream depending on: a secret key, the cover, and the message to embed.
In this well-studied steganographic approach,
if we consider that a LSB is the last bit of each pixel value,
thus such schemes may break the
structural symmetry of the host images.
And these structural alterations can be detected by
-well-designed statistical investigations, leading to known steganalysis methods~\cite{DBLP:journals/tsp/DumitrescuWW03,DBLP:conf/mmsec/FridrichGD01,Dumitrescu:2005:LSB:1073170.1073176}.
+well-designed statistical investigations, leading to well
+known steganalysis methods~\cite{DBLP:journals/tsp/DumitrescuWW03,DBLP:conf/mmsec/FridrichGD01,Dumitrescu:2005:LSB:1073170.1073176}.
Let us recall too that this drawback
can be corrected considering the LSB matching (LSBM) subcategory, in which
the $+1$ or $-1$ is randomly added to the cover pixel LSB value
only if this one does not correspond to the secret bit.
%TODO : modifier ceci
-By considering well-encrypted hidden messages, probabilities of increasing or of decreasing value of pixels are equal. Then usual statistical approaches
+By considering well-encrypted hidden messages, the probabilities of increasing or decreasing the alue of pixels are equal. Then usual statistical approaches
cannot be applied here to discover stego-contents in LSBM.
The most accurate detectors for this matching are universal steganalysers such as~\cite{LHS08,DBLP:conf/ih/Ker05,FK12},
which classify images according to extracted features from neighboring elements of residual noise.
modification minimizes a distortion function.
This distortion may be computed thanks to feature vectors that are embedded for instance in the steganalysers
referenced above.
-Highly Undetectable steGO (HUGO) method~\cite{DBLP:conf/ih/PevnyFB10} is one of the most efficient instance of such a scheme.
+The Highly Undetectable steGO (HUGO) method~\cite{DBLP:conf/ih/PevnyFB10} is one of the most efficient instance of such a scheme.
It takes into account so-called SPAM features
%(whose size is larger than $10^7$)
to avoid overfitting a particular
Image Steganography based on LSB matching revisited further denoted as
EAISLSBMR. This approach selects sharper edge
regions with respect
-to a given embedding rate: the larger the number of bits to be embedded, the coarser
+to a given embedding rate: the larger the number of bits to be embedded is, the coarser
the edge regions are.
Then the data hiding algorithm is achieved by applying LSBMR on some of the pixels of these regions.
The authors show that their proposed method is more efficient than all the LSB, LSBM, and LSBMR approaches
In the latter, an hybrid edge detector is presented followed by an ad hoc
embedding.
The Edge detection is computed by combining fuzzy logic~\cite{Tyan1993}
-and Canny~\cite{Canny:1986:CAE:11274.11275} approaches. The goal of this combination
+and Canny~\cite{Canny:1986:CAE:11274.11275} approaches.
+The goal of this combination
is to enlarge the set of modified bits to increase the payload of the data hiding scheme.
Section~\ref{sec:ourapproach} presents the details of the proposed steganographic scheme and applies it on a running example. Among its technical description,
its adaptive aspect is emphasized.
Section~\ref{sub:complexity} presents the overall complexity of our approach
-and compare it to the HUGO's one.
-Section~\ref{sec:experiments} shows experiments on image quality, steganalysis evaluation, and compare them to the state of the art steganographic schemes.
+and compares it to the HUGO's one.
+Section~\ref{sec:experiments} shows experiments on image quality, steganalysis evaluation, and compares them to the state of the art steganographic schemes.
Finally, concluding notes and future work are given in Section~\ref{sec:concl}.
