-\documentclass[draft,journal]{IEEEtran}
-%
-% If IEEEtran.cls has not been installed into the LaTeX system files,
-% manually specify the path to it like:
-% \documentclass[journal]{../sty/IEEEtran}
-
-
-
-
-
-% Some very useful LaTeX packages include:
-% (uncomment the ones you want to load)
-
-
-% *** MISC UTILITY PACKAGES ***
-%
-%\usepackage{ifpdf}
-% Heiko Oberdiek's ifpdf.sty is very useful if you need conditional
-% compilation based on whether the output is pdf or dvi.
-% usage:
-% \ifpdf
-% % pdf code
-% \else
-% % dvi code
-% \fi
-% The latest version of ifpdf.sty can be obtained from:
-% http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/oberdiek/
-% Also, note that IEEEtran.cls V1.7 and later provides a builtin
-% \ifCLASSINFOpdf conditional that works the same way.
-% When switching from latex to pdflatex and vice-versa, the compiler may
-% have to be run twice to clear warning/error messages.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-% *** CITATION PACKAGES ***
-%
-%\usepackage{cite}
-% cite.sty was written by Donald Arseneau
-% V1.6 and later of IEEEtran pre-defines the format of the cite.sty package
-% \cite{} output to follow that of IEEE. Loading the cite package will
-% result in citation numbers being automatically sorted and properly
-% "compressed/ranged". e.g., [1], [9], [2], [7], [5], [6] without using
-% cite.sty will become [1], [2], [5]--[7], [9] using cite.sty. cite.sty's
-% \cite will automatically add leading space, if needed. Use cite.sty's
-% noadjust option (cite.sty V3.8 and later) if you want to turn this off.
-% cite.sty is already installed on most LaTeX systems. Be sure and use
-% version 4.0 (2003-05-27) and later if using hyperref.sty. cite.sty does
-% not currently provide for hyperlinked citations.
-% The latest version can be obtained at:
-% http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/cite/
-% The documentation is contained in the cite.sty file itself.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-% *** GRAPHICS RELATED PACKAGES ***
-%
-\ifCLASSINFOpdf
- % \usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx}
- % declare the path(s) where your graphic files are
- % \graphicspath{{../pdf/}{../jpeg/}}
- % and their extensions so you won't have to specify these with
- % every instance of \includegraphics
- % \DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.jpeg,.png}
-\else
- % or other class option (dvipsone, dvipdf, if not using dvips). graphicx
- % will default to the driver specified in the system graphics.cfg if no
- % driver is specified.
- % \usepackage[dvips]{graphicx}
- % declare the path(s) where your graphic files are
- % \graphicspath{{../eps/}}
- % and their extensions so you won't have to specify these with
- % every instance of \includegraphics
- % \DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.eps}
-\fi
-% graphicx was written by David Carlisle and Sebastian Rahtz. It is
-% required if you want graphics, photos, etc. graphicx.sty is already
-% installed on most LaTeX systems. The latest version and documentation can
-% be obtained at:
-% http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/graphics/
-% Another good source of documentation is "Using Imported Graphics in
-% LaTeX2e" by Keith Reckdahl which can be found as epslatex.ps or
-% epslatex.pdf at: http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/
-%
-% latex, and pdflatex in dvi mode, support graphics in encapsulated
-% postscript (.eps) format. pdflatex in pdf mode supports graphics
-% in .pdf, .jpeg, .png and .mps (metapost) formats. Users should ensure
-% that all non-photo figures use a vector format (.eps, .pdf, .mps) and
-% not a bitmapped formats (.jpeg, .png). IEEE frowns on bitmapped formats
-% which can result in "jaggedy"/blurry rendering of lines and letters as
-% well as large increases in file sizes.
-%
-% You can find documentation about the pdfTeX application at:
-% http://www.tug.org/applications/pdftex
-
-
-
-
-
-% *** MATH PACKAGES ***
-%
-%\usepackage[cmex10]{amsmath}
-% A popular package from the American Mathematical Society that provides
-% many useful and powerful commands for dealing with mathematics. If using
-% it, be sure to load this package with the cmex10 option to ensure that
-% only type 1 fonts will utilized at all point sizes. Without this option,
-% it is possible that some math symbols, particularly those within
-% footnotes, will be rendered in bitmap form which will result in a
-% document that can not be IEEE Xplore compliant!
-%
-% Also, note that the amsmath package sets \interdisplaylinepenalty to 10000
-% thus preventing page breaks from occurring within multiline equations. Use:
-%\interdisplaylinepenalty=2500
-% after loading amsmath to restore such page breaks as IEEEtran.cls normally
-% does. amsmath.sty is already installed on most LaTeX systems. The latest
-% version and documentation can be obtained at:
-% http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/amslatex/math/
-
-
-
-
-
-% *** SPECIALIZED LIST PACKAGES ***
-%
-%\usepackage{algorithmic}
-% algorithmic.sty was written by Peter Williams and Rogerio Brito.
-% This package provides an algorithmic environment fo describing algorithms.
-% You can use the algorithmic environment in-text or within a figure
-% environment to provide for a floating algorithm. Do NOT use the algorithm
-% floating environment provided by algorithm.sty (by the same authors) or
-% algorithm2e.sty (by Christophe Fiorio) as IEEE does not use dedicated
-% algorithm float types and packages that provide these will not provide
-% correct IEEE style captions. The latest version and documentation of
-% algorithmic.sty can be obtained at:
-% http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/algorithms/
-% There is also a support site at:
-% http://algorithms.berlios.de/index.html
-% Also of interest may be the (relatively newer and more customizable)
-% algorithmicx.sty package by Szasz Janos:
-% http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/algorithmicx/
-
-
-
-
-% *** ALIGNMENT PACKAGES ***
-%
-%\usepackage{array}
-% Frank Mittelbach's and David Carlisle's array.sty patches and improves
-% the standard LaTeX2e array and tabular environments to provide better
-% appearance and additional user controls. As the default LaTeX2e table
-% generation code is lacking to the point of almost being broken with
-% respect to the quality of the end results, all users are strongly
-% advised to use an enhanced (at the very least that provided by array.sty)
-% set of table tools. array.sty is already installed on most systems. The
-% latest version and documentation can be obtained at:
-% http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/tools/
-
-
-%\usepackage{mdwmath}
-%\usepackage{mdwtab}
-% Also highly recommended is Mark Wooding's extremely powerful MDW tools,
-% especially mdwmath.sty and mdwtab.sty which are used to format equations
-% and tables, respectively. The MDWtools set is already installed on most
-% LaTeX systems. The lastest version and documentation is available at:
-% http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/mdwtools/
-
-
-% IEEEtran contains the IEEEeqnarray family of commands that can be used to
-% generate multiline equations as well as matrices, tables, etc., of high
-% quality.
-
-
-%\usepackage{eqparbox}
-% Also of notable interest is Scott Pakin's eqparbox package for creating
-% (automatically sized) equal width boxes - aka "natural width parboxes".
-% Available at:
-% http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/eqparbox/
-
-
-
-
-
-% *** SUBFIGURE PACKAGES ***
-%\usepackage[tight,footnotesize]{subfigure}
-% subfigure.sty was written by Steven Douglas Cochran. This package makes it
-% easy to put subfigures in your figures. e.g., "Figure 1a and 1b". For IEEE
-% work, it is a good idea to load it with the tight package option to reduce
-% the amount of white space around the subfigures. subfigure.sty is already
-% installed on most LaTeX systems. The latest version and documentation can
-% be obtained at:
-% http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/obsolete/macros/latex/contrib/subfigure/
-% subfigure.sty has been superceeded by subfig.sty.
-
-
-
-%\usepackage[caption=false]{caption}
-%\usepackage[font=footnotesize]{subfig}
-% subfig.sty, also written by Steven Douglas Cochran, is the modern
-% replacement for subfigure.sty. However, subfig.sty requires and
-% automatically loads Axel Sommerfeldt's caption.sty which will override
-% IEEEtran.cls handling of captions and this will result in nonIEEE style
-% figure/table captions. To prevent this problem, be sure and preload
-% caption.sty with its "caption=false" package option. This is will preserve
-% IEEEtran.cls handing of captions. Version 1.3 (2005/06/28) and later
-% (recommended due to many improvements over 1.2) of subfig.sty supports
-% the caption=false option directly:
-%\usepackage[caption=false,font=footnotesize]{subfig}
-%
-% The latest version and documentation can be obtained at:
-% http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/subfig/
-% The latest version and documentation of caption.sty can be obtained at:
-% http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/caption/
-
-
-
-
-% *** FLOAT PACKAGES ***
-%
-%\usepackage{fixltx2e}
-% fixltx2e, the successor to the earlier fix2col.sty, was written by
-% Frank Mittelbach and David Carlisle. This package corrects a few problems
-% in the LaTeX2e kernel, the most notable of which is that in current
-% LaTeX2e releases, the ordering of single and double column floats is not
-% guaranteed to be preserved. Thus, an unpatched LaTeX2e can allow a
-% single column figure to be placed prior to an earlier double column
-% figure. The latest version and documentation can be found at:
-% http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/base/
-
-
-
-%\usepackage{stfloats}
-% stfloats.sty was written by Sigitas Tolusis. This package gives LaTeX2e
-% the ability to do double column floats at the bottom of the page as well
-% as the top. (e.g., "\begin{figure*}[!b]" is not normally possible in
-% LaTeX2e). It also provides a command:
-%\fnbelowfloat
-% to enable the placement of footnotes below bottom floats (the standard
-% LaTeX2e kernel puts them above bottom floats). This is an invasive package
-% which rewrites many portions of the LaTeX2e float routines. It may not work
-% with other packages that modify the LaTeX2e float routines. The latest
-% version and documentation can be obtained at:
-% http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/sttools/
-% Documentation is contained in the stfloats.sty comments as well as in the
-% presfull.pdf file. Do not use the stfloats baselinefloat ability as IEEE
-% does not allow \baselineskip to stretch. Authors submitting work to the
-% IEEE should note that IEEE rarely uses double column equations and
-% that authors should try to avoid such use. Do not be tempted to use the
-% cuted.sty or midfloat.sty packages (also by Sigitas Tolusis) as IEEE does
-% not format its papers in such ways.
-
-
-%\ifCLASSOPTIONcaptionsoff
-% \usepackage[nomarkers]{endfloat}
-% \let\MYoriglatexcaption\caption
-% \renewcommand{\caption}[2][\relax]{\MYoriglatexcaption[#2]{#2}}
-%\fi
-% endfloat.sty was written by James Darrell McCauley and Jeff Goldberg.
-% This package may be useful when used in conjunction with IEEEtran.cls'
-% captionsoff option. Some IEEE journals/societies require that submissions
-% have lists of figures/tables at the end of the paper and that
-% figures/tables without any captions are placed on a page by themselves at
-% the end of the document. If needed, the draftcls IEEEtran class option or
-% \CLASSINPUTbaselinestretch interface can be used to increase the line
-% spacing as well. Be sure and use the nomarkers option of endfloat to
-% prevent endfloat from "marking" where the figures would have been placed
-% in the text. The two hack lines of code above are a slight modification of
-% that suggested by in the endfloat docs (section 8.3.1) to ensure that
-% the full captions always appear in the list of figures/tables - even if
-% the user used the short optional argument of \caption[]{}.
-% IEEE papers do not typically make use of \caption[]'s optional argument,
-% so this should not be an issue. A similar trick can be used to disable
-% captions of packages such as subfig.sty that lack options to turn off
-% the subcaptions:
-% For subfig.sty:
-% \let\MYorigsubfloat\subfloat
-% \renewcommand{\subfloat}[2][\relax]{\MYorigsubfloat[]{#2}}
-% For subfigure.sty:
-% \let\MYorigsubfigure\subfigure
-% \renewcommand{\subfigure}[2][\relax]{\MYorigsubfigure[]{#2}}
-% However, the above trick will not work if both optional arguments of
-% the \subfloat/subfig command are used. Furthermore, there needs to be a
-% description of each subfigure *somewhere* and endfloat does not add
-% subfigure captions to its list of figures. Thus, the best approach is to
-% avoid the use of subfigure captions (many IEEE journals avoid them anyway)
-% and instead reference/explain all the subfigures within the main caption.
-% The latest version of endfloat.sty and its documentation can obtained at:
-% http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/endfloat/
-%
-% The IEEEtran \ifCLASSOPTIONcaptionsoff conditional can also be used
-% later in the document, say, to conditionally put the References on a
-% page by themselves.
-
-
-
-
-
-% *** PDF, URL AND HYPERLINK PACKAGES ***
-%
-%\usepackage{url}
-% url.sty was written by Donald Arseneau. It provides better support for
-% handling and breaking URLs. url.sty is already installed on most LaTeX
-% systems. The latest version can be obtained at:
-% http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/misc/
-% Read the url.sty source comments for usage information. Basically,
-% \url{my_url_here}.
-
-
-
-
-
-% *** Do not adjust lengths that control margins, column widths, etc. ***
-% *** Do not use packages that alter fonts (such as pslatex). ***
-% There should be no need to do such things with IEEEtran.cls V1.6 and later.
-% (Unless specifically asked to do so by the journal or conference you plan
-% to submit to, of course. )
+\documentclass[10pt]{NSP1}
+\usepackage{url,floatflt}
+\usepackage{helvet,times}
+\usepackage{psfig,graphics}
+\usepackage{mathptmx,amsmath,amssymb,bm}
+\usepackage{float}
+\usepackage[bf,hypcap]{caption}
+\usepackage{subfig}
+\usepackage{color}
+%\usepackage{graphicx}
+\usepackage{url}
+\usepackage{cite}
-% correct bad hyphenation here
-\hyphenation{op-tical net-works semi-conduc-tor}
+\tolerance=1
+\emergencystretch=\maxdimen
+\hyphenpenalty=10000
+\hbadness=10000
+\topmargin=0.00cm
-\begin{document}
-%
-% paper title
-% can use linebreaks \\ within to get better formatting as desired
-\title{Bare Demo of IEEEtran.cls for Journals}
-%
-%
-% author names and IEEE memberships
-% note positions of commas and nonbreaking spaces ( ~ ) LaTeX will not break
-% a structure at a ~ so this keeps an author's name from being broken across
-% two lines.
-% use \thanks{} to gain access to the first footnote area
-% a separate \thanks must be used for each paragraph as LaTeX2e's \thanks
-% was not built to handle multiple paragraphs
-%
-
-\author{Jean-Fran\c cois Couchot, Raphael Couturier, and Christophe Guyeux*}
-
-\IEEEauthorblockA{FEMTO-ST Institute, UMR 6174 CNRS\\
-Computer Science Laboratory DISC\\
-University of Franche-Comt\'{e}\\
-Besan\c con, France\\
-\{jean-francois.couchot,raphael.couturier, christophe.guyeux\}@femto-st.fr}\\
-* Authors in alphabetic order\\
-}
+\def\sm{\smallskip}
+\def\no{\noindent}
+\def\firstpage{1}
+\setcounter{page}{\firstpage}
+\def\thevol{7}
+\def\thenumber{?}
+\def\theyear{2013}
-% \author{Michael~Shell,~\IEEEmembership{Member,~IEEE,}
-% John~Doe,~\IEEEmembership{Fellow,~OSA,}
-% and~Jane~Doe,~\IEEEmembership{Life~Fellow,~IEEE}% <-this % stops a space
-% \thanks{M. Shell is with the Department
-% of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta,
-% GA, 30332 USA e-mail: (see http://www.michaelshell.org/contact.html).}% <-this % stops a space
-% \thanks{J. Doe and J. Doe are with Anonymous University.}% <-this % stops a space
-% \thanks{Manuscript received April 19, 2005; revised January 11, 2007.}}
-% note the % following the last \IEEEmembership and also \thanks -
-% these prevent an unwanted space from occurring between the last author name
-% and the end of the author line. i.e., if you had this:
-%
-% \author{....lastname \thanks{...} \thanks{...} }
-% ^------------^------------^----Do not want these spaces!
-%
-% a space would be appended to the last name and could cause every name on that
-% line to be shifted left slightly. This is one of those "LaTeX things". For
-% instance, "\textbf{A} \textbf{B}" will typeset as "A B" not "AB". To get
-% "AB" then you have to do: "\textbf{A}\textbf{B}"
-% \thanks is no different in this regard, so shield the last } of each \thanks
-% that ends a line with a % and do not let a space in before the next \thanks.
-% Spaces after \IEEEmembership other than the last one are OK (and needed) as
-% you are supposed to have spaces between the names. For what it is worth,
-% this is a minor point as most people would not even notice if the said evil
-% space somehow managed to creep in.
+% correct bad hyphenation here
+\hyphenation{op-tical net-works semi-conduc-tor}
-% The paper headers
-%\markboth{Journal of \LaTeX\ Class Files,~Vol.~6, No.~1, January~2007}%
-%{Shell \MakeLowercase{\textit{et al.}}: Bare Demo of IEEEtran.cls for Journals}
-% The only time the second header will appear is for the odd numbered pages
-% after the title page when using the twoside option.
-%
-% *** Note that you probably will NOT want to include the author's ***
-% *** name in the headers of peer review papers. ***
-% You can use \ifCLASSOPTIONpeerreview for conditional compilation here if
-% you desire.
+\begin{document}
+\titlefigurecaption{{\large \bf \rm Applied Mathematics \& Information Sciences }\\ {\it\small An International Journal}}
-% If you want to put a publisher's ID mark on the page you can do it like
-% this:
-%\IEEEpubid{0000--0000/00\$00.00~\copyright~2007 IEEE}
-% Remember, if you use this you must call \IEEEpubidadjcol in the second
-% column for its text to clear the IEEEpubid mark.
-% use for special paper notices
-%\IEEEspecialpapernotice{(Invited Paper)}
+\title{STABYLO:
+a lightweight %stego-secure
+edge-based steganographic approach}
-% make the title area
-\maketitle
+\titlerunning{STABYLO}
-\begin{abstract}
-%\boldmath
-The abstract goes here.
-\end{abstract}
-% IEEEtran.cls defaults to using nonbold math in the Abstract.
-% This preserves the distinction between vectors and scalars. However,
-% if the journal you are submitting to favors bold math in the abstract,
-% then you can use LaTeX's standard command \boldmath at the very start
-% of the abstract to achieve this. Many IEEE journals frown on math
-% in the abstract anyway.
-% Note that keywords are not normally used for peerreview papers.
-\begin{IEEEkeywords}
-%IEEEtran, journal, \LaTeX, paper, template.
-Steganography, least-significant-bit (LSB)-based steganography, edge detection, Canny filter, security, syndrome treillis code.
-\end{IEEEkeywords}
+\institute{
+ FEMTO-ST Institute, UMR 6174 CNRS\\
+ Computer Science Laboratory DISC,
+ University of Franche-Comt\'{e},
+ Besan\c con, France.
+}
+\received{...}
+\revised{...}
+\accepted{...}
+\published{...}
-% For peer review papers, you can put extra information on the cover
-% page as needed:
-% \ifCLASSOPTIONpeerreview
-% \begin{center} \bfseries EDICS Category: 3-BBND \end{center}
-% \fi
-%
-% For peerreview papers, this IEEEtran command inserts a page break and
-% creates the second title. It will be ignored for other modes.
-\IEEEpeerreviewmaketitle
+\author{Jean-Fran\c cois Couchot, Raphael Couturier, and Christophe Guyeux*\\
+ $*:$ Authors in alphabetic order.\\
+}
+\authorrunning{J.-F. Couchot, R. Couturier, and C. Guyeux}
-\section{Introduction}
+\mail{jean-francois.couchot@femto-st.fr}
+\newcommand{\JFC}[1]{\begin{color}{green}\textit{}\end{color}}
+\newcommand{\RC}[1]{\begin{color}{red}\textit{}\end{color}}
+\newcommand{\CG}[1]{\begin{color}{blue}\textit{}\end{color}}
+% make the title area
-\section{Analysis of Steganographic Approaches}
-This work considers digital images as covers and fondation is
-spatial least_significant-bit (LSB) replacement.
-I this data hiding scheme a subset of all the LSB of the cover image is modified
-with a secret bit stream depending on to a key, the cover, and the message to embed.
-This well studied steganographic approach never decreases (resp. increases)
-pixel with even value (resp. odd value) and may break structural symetry.
-This structure modification is detectable by statistical approaches
-and thus by steganalysis methods~\cite{Dumitrescu:2005:LSB:1073170.1073176,DBLP:conf/ih/2005,FK12}.
+%IEEEtran, journal, \LaTeX, paper, template.
+\keywords{Steganography, least-significant-bit (LSB)-based steganography, edge detection, Canny filter, security, syndrome treillis code}
-random LSB selection: coarse, easily tractable, easilly detactable
-feature-based : precise but time consuming
+\abstracttext{A novel steganographic method called STABYLO is introduced in
+this research work.
+Its main avantage for being is to be much lighter than the so-called
+Highly Undetectable steGO (HUGO) method, a well known state of the art
+steganographic process in spatial domain.
+Additionally to this effectiveness,
+quite comparable results through noise measures like PSNR-HVS-M,
+BIQI, and weighted PSNR (wPSNR) are obtained.
+To achieve the proposed goal, famous experimented
+components of signal processing,
+coding theory, and cryptography are combined together, leading to
+a scheme that can reasonably face up-to-date steganalysers.}
+
+
+\maketitle
+
-security need : message has to be encrypted before beeing introduced. Using efficient and secured cryptographic approach
-LSBR: to coarse (apply hugo breaker on it)
-\section{Our Approach}
-Image Quality: Edge Image Steganography
-Security aspect:
-BBS-based cprotographic version of the message
+\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
+\input{intro.tex}
-Enlarging embeding efficiency:
-Syndrome treillis code
+\section{Presentation of the Proposed Approach}\label{sec:ourapproach}
+\input{ourapproach.tex}
-\section{Conclusion}
-The conclusion goes here.
+\section{Experiments}\label{sec:experiments}
+\input{experiments}
-\appendices
-\section{Proof of the First Zonklar Equation}
-Appendix one text goes here.
+\section{Conclusion}\label{sec:concl}
-% you can choose not to have a title for an appendix
-% if you want by leaving the argument blank
-\section{}
-Appendix two text goes here.
+The STABYLO algorithm, whose acronym means STeganography
+with cAnny, Bbs, binarY embedding at LOw cost, has been introduced
+in this document as an efficient method having comparable, though
+somewhat smaller, security than the well known
+Highly Undetectable steGO (HUGO) steganographic scheme.
+This edge-based steganographic approach embeds a Canny
+detection filter, the Blum-Blum-Shub cryptographically secure
+pseudorandom number generator, together with Syndrome-Treillis Codes
+for minimizing distortion.
+After having introduced with details the proposed method,
+we have evaluated it through noise measures (namely, the PSNR, PSNR-HVS-M,
+BIQI, and weighted PSNR) and using well established steganalysers.
+For future work, the authors' intention is to investigate systematically
+all the existing edge detection methods, to see if the STABYLO evaluation scores can
+be improved by replacing Canny with another edge filter. We will try
+to take into account the least significant bits too during all the
+stages of the algorithm, hoping by doing so to be closer to the HUGO scores against
+steganalyzers. Other steganalyzers than the ones used in this document will be
+examined for the sake of completeness. Finally, the
+systematic replacement of all the LSBs of edges by binary digits provided
+by the BBS generator will be investigated, and the consequences of such a
+replacement, in terms of security, will be discussed.
-% use section* for acknowledgement
-\section*{Acknowledgment}
-The authors would like to thank...
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