X-Git-Url: https://bilbo.iut-bm.univ-fcomte.fr/and/gitweb/canny.git/blobdiff_plain/ded436ff1397fd455304cbae04f58e4c0703ea01..b1b65804c7c985c998293a21318b5f68e51159e3:/experiments.tex?ds=sidebyside diff --git a/experiments.tex b/experiments.tex index 60b0f2f..e4db410 100644 --- a/experiments.tex +++ b/experiments.tex @@ -1,6 +1,112 @@ +\subsection{Adaptive Embedding Rate} + +Two strategies have been developed in our scheme with respect to the rate of +embedding which is either \emph{ adaptive} or \emph{fixed}. + +In the former the embedding rate depends on the number of edge pixels. +The higher it is, the larger is the message length that can be considered. +Practically, a set of edge pixels is computed according to the +Canny algorithm with high threshold. +The message length is thus defined to be the half of this set cardinality. +The rate between available bits and bit message length is then more than two.This constraint is indeed induced by the fact that the efficiency +of the STC algorithm is unsatisfactory under that threshold. + + +In the latter, the embedding rate is defined as a percentage between the +number of the modified pixels and the length of the bit message. +This is the classical approach adopted in steganography. +Practically, the Canny algorithm generates a +a set of edge pixels with threshold that is decreasing until its cardinality +is sufficient. If the set cardinality is more than twice larger than the +bit message length an STC step is again applied. +Otherwise, pixels are randomly chosen from the set of pixels to build the +subset with a given size. The BBS PRNG is again applied there. + + + + +\subsection{Image Quality} +The visual quality of the STABYLO scheme is evaluated in this section. +Four metrics are computed in these experiments: +the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), +the PSNR-HVS-M family~\cite{PSECAL07,psnrhvsm11} , +the BIQI~\cite{MB10,biqi11} and +the weighted PSNR (wPSNR)~\cite{DBLP:conf/ih/PereiraVMMP01}. +The first one is widely used but does not take into +account Human Visual System (HVS). +The other last ones have been designed to tackle this problem. + +\begin{table} +\begin{center} +\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|} +\hline +Embedding rate & Adaptive & 10 \% \\ +\hline +PSNR & 66.55 & 61.86 \\ +\hline +PSNR-HVS-M & 78.6 & 72.9 \\ +\hline +BIQI & 28.3 & 28.4 \\ +\hline +wPSNR & 86.43& 77.47 \\ +\hline +\end{tabular} +\end{center} +\caption{Quality measures of our steganography approach\label{table:quality}} +\end{table} + + +Let us compare the STABYLO approach with other edge based steganography +schemes with respect to the image quality. +First of all, wPSNR and PSNR of the Edge Adaptive +scheme detailed in~\cite{Luo:2010:EAI:1824719.1824720} are lower than ours. +Next both the approaches~\cite{DBLP:journals/eswa/ChenCL10,Chang20101286} +focus on increasing the payload while the PSNR is acceptable, but do not +give quality metrics for fixed embedding rate from a large base of images. +Our approach outperforms the former thanks to the introduction of the STC +algorithm. + + \subsection{Steganalysis} -Détailler \cite{Fillatre:2012:ASL:2333143.2333587} -Vainqueur du BOSS challenge~\cite{DBLP:journals/tifs/KodovskyFH12} +The quality of our approach has been evaluated through the two +AUMP~\cite{Fillatre:2012:ASL:2333143.2333587} +and Ensemble Classifier~\cite{DBLP:journals/tifs/KodovskyFH12} based steganalysers. +Both aims at detecting hidden bits in grayscale natural images and are +considered as the state of the art of steganalysers in spatial domain~\cite{FK12}. +The former approach is based on a simplified parametric model of natural images. +Parameters are firstly estimated and a adaptive Asymptotically Uniformly Most Powerful +(AUMP) test is designed (theoretically and practically) to check whether +a natural image has stego content or not. +In the latter, the authors show that the +machine learning step, (which is often +implemented as support vector machine) +can be a favourably executed thanks to an Ensemble Classifiers. + + + +\begin{table} +\begin{center} +\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|} +\hline +Schemes & \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{STABYLO} & HUGO\\ +\hline +Embedding rate & Adaptive & 10 \% & 10 \%\\ +\hline +AUMP & 0.39 & 0.22 & 0.50 \\ +\hline +Ensemble Classifier & 0.47 & 0.35 & 0.48 \\ + +\hline +\end{tabular} +\end{center} +\caption{Steganalysing STABYLO\label{table:steganalyse}} +\end{table} + + +Results show that our approach is more easily detectable than HUGO which is +is the more secure steganography tool, as far we know. However due to its +huge number of features integration, it is not lightweight. +