From: couchot Date: Fri, 8 Jun 2012 09:29:54 +0000 (+0200) Subject: ajout de fichiers X-Git-Url: https://bilbo.iut-bm.univ-fcomte.fr/and/gitweb/canny.git/commitdiff_plain/8290657e61738a93b7b6eb60966c49efbc4f0af8?ds=sidebyside;hp=-c ajout de fichiers --- 8290657e61738a93b7b6eb60966c49efbc4f0af8 diff --git a/emb.pdf b/emb.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..749bd81 Binary files /dev/null and b/emb.pdf differ diff --git a/emb.ps b/emb.ps new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bc1e4ce --- /dev/null +++ b/emb.ps @@ -0,0 +1,993 @@ +%!PS-Adobe-3.0 +%%Creator: graphviz version 2.26.3 (20100126.1600) +%%Title: start_up +%%Pages: (atend) +%%BoundingBox: (atend) +%%EndComments +save +%%BeginProlog +/DotDict 200 dict def +DotDict begin + +/setupLatin1 { +mark +/EncodingVector 256 array def + EncodingVector 0 + +ISOLatin1Encoding 0 255 getinterval putinterval +EncodingVector 45 /hyphen put + +% Set up ISO Latin 1 character encoding +/starnetISO { + dup dup findfont dup length dict begin + { 1 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successively details all the inner steps and flow inside +the embedding stage (Fig.\ref{fig:sch:emb}) +and inside the extraction one(Fig.~\ref{fig:sch:ext}). + + +\begin{figure*}[t] + \begin{center} + \subfloat[Data Embedding.]{ + \begin{minipage}{0.49\textwidth} + \begin{center} + \includegraphics[width=5cm]{emb.pdf} + \end{center} + \end{minipage} + \label{fig:sch:emb} + }%\hfill + \subfloat[Data Extraction.]{ + \begin{minipage}{0.49\textwidth} + \begin{center} + \includegraphics[width=5cm]{rec.pdf} + \end{center} + \end{minipage} + \label{fig:sch:ext} + }%\hfill + \end{center} + \caption{The STABYLO Scheme.} + \label{fig:sch} +\end{figure*} + + +\subsection{Steganalysis} + +LSB : +"Adaptive steganalysis of Least Significant Bit replacement in grayscale natural images" + +Structural LSB Detectors: +\verb+http://dde.binghamton.edu/download/structural_lsb_detectors/+ + +Vainqueur du BOSS challenge + + +ensemble: + + +G. Gül and F. Kurugollu. A new methodology in steganalysis : Breaking highly +undetactable steganograpy (HUGO). In Information Hiding, 13th International +Workshop, volume 6958 of LNCS, pages 71–84, Prague, Czech Republic, May 18– +20, 2011. + + +\subsection{Data Embedding} + + + + +\subsubsection{Edge Based Image Steganography} +Image Quality: Edge Image Steganography +\JFC{Raphael, les fuzzy edge detection sont souvent utilisés. + il faudrait comparer les approches en terme de nombre de bits retournés, + en terme de complexité. } + + +Presentation des algos de detection de contour +Caractéristiques + +Comparaison théoriques, références + +Algo de stegano basé juste sur cela : (pas de bbs, pas de stc, même message). + +Quels paramètres sont optimaux ? Combinaison ? + + + + + +\subsubsection{Security Considerations} + +Security aspect: +BBS-based cryptographic version of the message + +\subsubsection{Minimizing Distortion with Syndrome-Treillis Codes} + +\input{stc} + + +\subsection{Data Extraction} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rec.pdf b/rec.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..aa13df9 Binary files /dev/null and b/rec.pdf differ diff --git a/rec.ps b/rec.ps new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4906435 --- /dev/null +++ b/rec.ps @@ -0,0 +1,819 @@ +%!PS-Adobe-3.0 +%%Creator: graphviz version 2.26.3 (20100126.1600) +%%Title: start_up +%%Pages: (atend) +%%BoundingBox: (atend) +%%EndComments +save +%%BeginProlog +/DotDict 200 dict def +DotDict begin + +/setupLatin1 { +mark +/EncodingVector 256 array def + EncodingVector 0 + +ISOLatin1Encoding 0 255 getinterval putinterval +EncodingVector 45 /hyphen put + +% Set up ISO Latin 1 character encoding +/starnetISO { + dup dup findfont dup length dict begin + { 1 index /FID ne { def 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rect] start end; + node [style = rounded, shape = rect] ED [label="x= LSB(7 bits\nEdge Detection)"] + + node [style = "", shape = diamond] cond [label="Size of x\n enough for m"]; + + start -> PI + start -> IC + start -> message + start -> key + + key -> encrypt + + + message -> encrypt + IC -> ED + ED -> cond + encrypt -> cond + encrypt -> STC + cond -> STC [label="Yes"] + cond -> PI [label="No"] + + PI -> ED + STC -> emb + emb -> end + + } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/schema2.dot b/schema2.dot new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4f47d83 --- /dev/null +++ b/schema2.dot @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +digraph start_up { + node [style = rounded, shape = rect] SI [label="Stego Image"] + node [style = "", shape = diamond] cond [label="Size of y\n enough"]; + node [style = rounded, shape = rect] key + node [style = rounded, shape = rect] start end; + node [style = rounded, shape = rect] PI [label="Parameter\nInstantiation"] + node [style = rounded, shape = rect] STC [label="m = STCr(y,H)"] + node [style = rounded, shape = rect] ED [label="(y,H)= LSB(7 bits\nEdge Detection)"] + node [style = rounded, shape = rect] decrypt [label="message=decryption(m)"] + + + + start -> SI + start -> PI + PI -> ED + start -> key + + SI -> ED + ED -> cond + cond -> STC [label="Yes"] + cond -> PI [label="No"] + + STC -> decrypt + key -> decrypt + decrypt -> end + + + + } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/stc.tex b/stc.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6570c73 --- /dev/null +++ b/stc.tex @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +Let +$x=(x_1,\ldots,x_n)$ be the $n$-bits cover vector of the image $X$, +$m$ be the message to embed and +$y=(y_1,\ldots,y_n)$ be the $n$-bits stego vector. +The usual additive embbeding impact of replacing $x$ by $y$ in $X$ +is given by a distortion function +$D_X(x,y)= \Sigma_{i=1}^n \rho_X(i,x,y)$ where the function $\rho_X$ +expressed the cost of replacing $x_i$ by $y_i$ in $X$. +Let us consider that $x$ is fixed: +this is for instance the LSBs of the image edge bits. +The objective is thus to find $y$ that minimizes $D_X(x,y)$. + +Hamming embedding proposes a solution to this problem. +Some steganographic +schemes~\cite{DBLP:conf/ih/Westfeld01,DBLP:conf/ih/KimDR06,DBLP:conf/mmsec/FridrichPK07} are based on this binary embedding. +Furthermore this code provides a vector $y$ s.t. $Hy$ is equal to +$m$ for a given binary matrix $H$. + +Let us explain this embedding on a small illustrative example where +$\rho_X(i,x,y)$ is identically equal to 1, +$m$ and $x$ are respectively a 3 bits column +vector and a 7 bits column vector. +Let then $H$ be the binary Hamming matrix +$$ +H = \left( +\begin{array}{lllllll} + 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\ + 0 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 \\ + 1 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 1 +\end{array} +\right). +$$ +The objective is to modify $x$ to get $y$ s.t. $m = Hy$. +In this algebra, the sum and the product respectively correspond to +the exclusive \emph{or} and to the \emph{and} Boolean operators. +If $Hx$ is already equal to $m$, nothing has to be changed and $x$ can be sent. +Otherwise we consider the difference $\delta = d(m,Hx)$ which is expressed +as a vector : +$$ +\delta = \left( \begin{array}{l} +\delta_1 \\ +\delta_2 \\ +\delta_3 +\end{array} +\right) +\textrm{ where $\delta_i$ is 0 if $m_i = Hx_i$ and 1 otherwise.} +$$ +Let us thus consider the $j$th column of $H$ which is equal to $\delta$. +We denote by $\overline{x}^j$ the vector we obtain by +switching the $j$th component of $x$, +that is, $\overline{x}^j = (x_1 , \ldots, \overline{x_j},\ldots, x_n )$. +It is not hard to see that if $y$ is $\overline{x}^j$, then +$m = Hy$. +It is then possible to embed 3 bits in only 7 LSB of pixels by modifying +1 bit at most. +In the general case, when comunicating $n$ message bits in +$2^n-1$ pixels needs $1-1/2^n$ average changes. + + + +Unfortunately, + + +for any given $H$, finding $y$ that solves $Hy=m$ and that +that minimizes $D_X(x,y)$ has exponential complexity with respect to $n$. +The Syndrome-Trellis Codes (STC) +presented by Filler et al. in~\cite{DBLP:conf/mediaforensics/FillerJF10} +is a practical solution to this complexity. Thanks to this contribution, +the solving algorithm has a linear complexity with resspect to $n$. + +First of all, Filler et al. compute the matrix $H$ +by placing a small sub-matrix $\hat{H}$ of size $h × w$ next +to each other and shifted down by one row. +Thanks to this special form of $H$, one can represent +every solution of $m=Hy$ as a path through a trellis. + +Next, the process of finding $y$ consists of a forward and a backward part: +\begin{enumerate} +\item Forward construction of the trellis that depends on $\hat{H}$, on $x$, on $m$, and on $\rho$; +\item Backward determinization of $y$ which minimizes $D$ starting with +the complete path with minimal weight +\end{enumerate} +Let us now give some details about these two parts. + + diff --git a/stc/exp/python/stc_r.py b/stc/exp/python/stc_r.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..854c780 --- /dev/null +++ b/stc/exp/python/stc_r.py @@ -0,0 +1,241 @@ +from random import * +import numpy as np +from math import * +import gc + +infinity = 100000000000 + + + +# forward part + + +def dec(ch,n): + l = len(ch) + acc = 0 + for i in xrange(l): + if ch[i]==1: + acc = acc + 2**(n-i-1) + return acc + + +def bin(elem,n): + """Convertit un nombre en binaire""" + q = -1 + res = [0 for i in xrange(n)] + i = 1 + while q != 0: + q = elem // 2 + r = elem % 2 + res[n-i] = r + elem = q + i+=1 + return res + + + +def xorb(a,b): + return 1 if a != b else 0 + +def xor(e1,e2,h): + e1b,e2b = bin(e1,h),bin(e2,h) + d = dec([xorb(e1b[j],e2b[j]) for j in xrange(h)],h) + return d + +def lit(d,(indx,indy)): + if (indx,indy) in d : + return d[(indx,indy)] + else : + return 0 + + + + +def forward(H_hat,x,message,lnm,rho): + (h,w) = int(log(max(H_hat),2))+1, len(H_hat) + path = dict() + nbblock = lnm + wght = [infinity for _ in xrange(int(2**h))] + wght[0]=0 + newwght = [0 for _ in xrange(int(2**h))] +# rho = 1 +# rho= [1 for _ in xrange(len(x))] + indx,indm = 0,0 + i=0 + while i < nbblock: # pour chaque bit du message + for j in xrange(w): # pour chaque colonne de H_hat + #print indx, "en entrant",wght + k = 0 + while k < int(2**h): # pour chaque ligne de H + w0 = wght[k] + x[indx]*rho[indx] + w1 = wght[xor(k,H_hat[j],h)] + (1-x[indx])*rho[indx] + if w1 < w0 : + path[(indx,k)] = 1 + else : + if (indx,k) in path: + del path[(indx,k)] + newwght[k] = min(w0,w1) + k +=1 + indx +=1 + wght = [t for t in newwght] + #print " apres calcul",wght + + for j in xrange(int(2**(h-1))): # pour chaque colonne de H + wght[j] = wght[2*j + message[indm]] + wght = wght[:int(pow(2,h-1))] + [infinity for _ in xrange(int(pow(2,h)-pow(2,h-1)))] + indm +=1 + i +=1 + start = np.argmin(wght) + return (start,path) + + +def backward(start,H_hat,x,message,lnm,path): + (h,w) = int(log(max(H_hat),2))+1, len(H_hat) + indx,indm = len(x)-1,lnm-1 + state = 2*start + message[indm] + indm -=1 + # l'initialisation de state n'est pas optimale... + nbblock = lnm + y=np.zeros(len(x)) + i=0 + while i < nbblock: + l = range(w) + l.reverse() + for j in l: # pour chaque colonne de H_hat + y[indx] = lit(path,(indx,state)) + state = xor(state,y[indx]*H_hat[j],h) + indx -=1 + state = 2*state + message[indm] + indm -=1 + i +=1 + return [int(t) for t in y] + + + + + + +def trouve_H_hat(n,m,h): + assert h ==7 + alpha = float(n)/m + assert alpha >= 2 + index = min(int(alpha),9) + mat = { + 2 : [71,109], + 3 : [95, 101, 121], + 4 : [81, 95, 107, 121], + 5 : [75, 95, 97, 105, 117], + 6 : [73, 83, 95, 103, 109, 123], + 7 : [69, 77, 93, 107, 111, 115, 121], + 8 : [69, 79, 81, 89, 93, 99, 107, 119], + 9 : [69, 79, 81, 89, 93, 99, 107, 119, 125] + }[index] + return(mat, index*m) + + +def stc(x,rho,message): + lnm = len(message) + (mat,taille_suff) = trouve_H_hat(len(x),len(message),7) + x_b = x[:taille_suff] + (start,path) = forward(mat,x_b,message,lnm,rho) + return (x_b,backward(start,mat,x_b,message,lnm,path),mat) + + + + + +def nbdif(x,y): + r,it = 0,0 + l = len(y) + while it < l : + if x[it] != y[it] : + r +=1 + it += 1 + return float(r)/l + + + + + + +def prod(H_hat,lnm,y): + (h,w) = int(log(max(H_hat),2))+1, len(H_hat) + i=0 + H =[] + V=[0 for _ in range(len(y))] + sol=[] + while i < lnm: # pour chaque ligne + V=[0 for _ in range(len(y))] + k = max([(i-h+1)*w,0]) + dec = max([i-h+1,0]) + for j in xrange(min([i+1,h])): #nbre de blocks presents sur la ligne i + for l in xrange(w): # pour chaque collone de H_hat + V[k] = bin(H_hat[l],h)[h-i-1+j+dec] + k+=1 + + sol.append(np.dot(np.array(V),np.array(y))) + i+=1 + #H += [V] + #H = np.array(H) + #y = np.array(y) + #print "dot",np.dot(H,y),H.shape + #print "sol",sol + return sol#list(np.dot(H,y)) + +def equiv(x,y): + lx = len(x) + assert lx == len(y) + i=0 + while i < lx : + if x[i] % 2 != y[i]%2 : + return False + i += 1 + return True + +""" +################ + +x = [randint(0,1) for _ in xrange(65000)] +rho = [randint(1,9) for _ in xrange(65000)] +message = [randint(0,1) for _ in xrange(26000)] + + + +#(x_b,y,H_hat) = stc(x,rho,message) +# x_b est la sous partie de x qui va etre modifiee +# y est le vecteur des bits modifies +# H_hat est la sous-matrice retenue qui est embarquee dans H + +#print nbdif(x_b,y) + +#print message +#print x +#print rho +#print y +#message2 = [x%2 for x in prod(H_hat,len(message),y)] +#print message2 +print max([message[l]-message2[l] for l in xrange(len(message))]) +print equiv(message,message2) + +""" +count = 0 + +while count < 100 and eval : + lx = randint(500,1000) + x = [randint(0,1) for _ in xrange(lx)] + rho = [randint(1,9) for _ in xrange(lx)] + + lm = randint(lx/10,lx/2) + message = [randint(0,1) for _ in xrange(lm)] + (x_b,y,H_hat) = stc(x,rho,message) + eval = equiv(message, prod(H_hat,len(message),y)) + if not (eval): + print x + print message + + count +=1 + if count % 10 == 0 : + print count + +print count + diff --git a/test.ps b/test.ps new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bc1e4ce --- /dev/null +++ b/test.ps @@ -0,0 +1,993 @@ +%!PS-Adobe-3.0 +%%Creator: graphviz version 2.26.3 (20100126.1600) +%%Title: start_up 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