X-Git-Url: https://bilbo.iut-bm.univ-fcomte.fr/and/gitweb/desynchronisation-controle.git/blobdiff_plain/110a1a5d3f942917cabd4b60afa51b0ea2989229..120c13fc4faf264d8b1d3e94c4799860de9e3dea:/IWCMC14/HLG.tex?ds=sidebyside diff --git a/IWCMC14/HLG.tex b/IWCMC14/HLG.tex index ff12b04..998f94b 100644 --- a/IWCMC14/HLG.tex +++ b/IWCMC14/HLG.tex @@ -1,24 +1,30 @@ -\begin{figure} +\begin{figure*} \begin{center} -\includegraphics[scale=0.3]{reseau.png} +\includegraphics[scale=0.2]{SensorNetwork.png} \begin{scriptsize} -An example of a sensor network ofsize 10. All nodes are video sensor -except the 5 and the 9 one which is the sink. -\JFC{reprendre la figure, trouver un autre titre} -\end{scriptsize} -\caption{SN with 10 sensor}\label{fig:sn}. +An example of a sensor network of size 10. +All nodes are video sensors (depicted as small discs) +except the 9 one which is the sink (depicted as a rectangle). +Large lircles represent the maximum +transmission range which is set to 20 in a square region which is +$50 m \times 50 m$. +\end{scriptsize} +\caption{Illustration of a Sensor Network of size 10}\label{fig:sn}. \end{center} -\end{figure} +\end{figure*} Let us first recall the basics of the~\cite{HLG09} article. The video sensor network is memorized as a connected non oriented -oriented labelled graph. +graph. In this one, the nodes, in a set $N$, are sensors, links, or the sink. Furthermore, there is an edge from $i$ to $j$ if $i$ can -send a message to $j$. The set of all edges is further denoted as +send a message to $j$, \textit{i. e.}, the distance betwween +$i$ and $j$ is less than a given maximum +transmission range. +All the possible edges are stored into a sequence $L$. Figure~\ref{fig:sn} gives an example of such a network. @@ -27,44 +33,65 @@ matrix $A=(a_{il})_{i \in N, l \in L}$, where $a_{il}$ is 1 if $l$ starts with $i$, is -1 if $l$ ends width $i$ and 0 otherwise. - +Moreover, the outgoing links(resp. the incoming links) are represented +with the $A^+$ matrix (res. with the $A^-$ matrix), whose elements are defined: +$a_{il}^+$ (resp. $a_{il}^-$) is 1 if the link $l$ is an outgoing link from $i$ +(resp an incoming link into $i$) and 0 otherwise. Let $V \subset N $ be the set of the video sensors of $N$. Let thus $R_h$, $R_h \geq 0$, be the encoding rate of video sensor $h$, $h \in V$. -Let $\eta_{hi}$ be the production rate of the node $i$, -for the session initiated by $h$. More precisely, we have +Let $\eta_{hi}$ be the rate inside the node $i$ +of the production that has beeninitiated by $h$. More precisely, we have $ \eta_{hi}$ is equal to $ R_h$ if $i$ is $h$, is equal to $-R_h$ if $i$ is the sink, and $0$ otherwise. -We are then left to focus on the flows in this network. +Let us focus on the flows in this network. Let $x_{hl}$, $x_{hl}\geq 0$, be the flow inside the edge $l$ that -issued from the $h$ session and +issued from the node $h$ and let $y_l = \sum_{h \in V}x_{hl} $ the sum of all the flows inside $l$. Thus, what is produced inside the $i^{th}$ sensor for session $h$ is $ \eta_{hi} = \sum_{l \in L }a_{il}x_{hl} $. The encoding power of the $i$ node is $P_{si}$, $P_{si} > 0$. - -The distortion is bounded $\sigma^2 e^{-\gamma . R_h.P_{sh}^{}2/3} \leq D_h$. - +The emmission distortion of the $i$ node is +$\sigma^2 e^{-\gamma . R_i.P_{si}^{}2/3}$ +where $\sigma^2$ is the average input variance and +$\gamma$ is the encoding efficiency coefficient. +This distortion +is bounded by a constant value $D_h$. The initial energy of the $i$ node is $B_i$. - +The transmission consumed power of node $i$ is +$P_{ti} = c_l^s.y_l$ where $c_l^s$ is the transmission energy +consumption cost of link $l$, $l\in L$. This cost is defined +as foolows: $c_l^s = \alpha +\beta.d_l^{n_p} $ where +$d_l$ represents the distance of the link $l$, +$\alpha$, $\beta$, and $n_p$ are constant. +The reception consumed power of node $i$ is +$P_{ri} = c^r \sum_{l \in L } a_{il}^-.y_l$ +where $c^r$ is a reception energy consumption cost. The overall consumed power of the $i$ node is $P_{si}+ P_{ti} + P_{ri}= P_{si}+ \sum_{l \in L}a_{il}^{+}.c^s_l.y_l + -\sum_{l \in L} a_{il}^{-}.c^r.y_l \leq q.B_i. -$ - -The objective is thus to find $R$, $x$, $P_s$ which minimize - $q$ under the following set of constraints +\sum_{l \in L} a_{il}^{-}.c^r.y_l $. +%\leq q.B_i. +%$ + +The objective is thus to find $R$, $x$, $P_s$ which maximizes +the network lifetime $T_{\textit{net}}$, or equivalently which minimizes +$q=1/{T_{\textit{net}}}$. +Let $B_i$ is the initial energy in node $i$. +One have the equivalent objective to find $R$, $x$, $P_s$ which minimizes +$q^2$ +under the following set of constraints: \begin{enumerate} \item $\sum_{l \in L }a_{il}x_{hl} = \eta_{hi},\forall h \in V, \forall i \in N $ \item $ \sum_{h \in V}x_{hl} = y_l,\forall l \in L$ \item $\dfrac{\ln(\sigma^2/D_h)}{\gamma.P_{sh}^{2/3}} \leq R_h \forall h \in V$ \item \label{itm:q} $P_{si}+ \sum_{l \in L}a_{il}^{+}.c^s_l.y_l + -\sum_{l \in L} a_{il}^{-}.c^r.y_l \leq q.B_i, \forall i \in N$ +c^r.\sum_{l \in L} a_{il}^{-}.y_l \leq q.B_i, \forall i \in N$ +\item $\sum_{i \in N} a_{il}q_i = 0, \forall l \in L$ \item $x_{hl}\geq0, \forall h \in V, \forall l \in L$ \item $R_h \geq 0, \forall h \in V$ \item $P_{sh} > 0,\forall h \in V$ @@ -79,9 +106,12 @@ $$ \begin{array}{l} P_{si}+ \sum_{l \in L}a_{il}^{+}.c^s_l.\left( \sum_{h \in V}x_{hl} \right) \\ \qquad + - \sum_{l \in L} a_{il}^{-}.c^r.\left( \sum_{h \in V}x_{hl} \right) \leq q.B_i, \forall i \in N + \sum_{l \in L} a_{il}^{-}.c^r.\left( \sum_{h \in V}x_{hl} \right) \leq q_i.B_i, \forall i \in N \end{array} $$ +and where the following constraint is added +$$ $q_i > 0, \forall i \in N $$ + They thus replace the objective of reducing @@ -94,7 +124,7 @@ by the objective of reducing \label{eq:obj2} \end{equation} where $\delta$ is a regularisation factor. -This indeed introduces quadratic fonctions on variables $x_{hl}$ and +This indeed introduces quadratic functions on variables $x_{hl}$ and $R_{h}$ and makes some of the functions strictly convex. The authors then apply a classical dual based approach with Lagrange multiplier @@ -130,7 +160,7 @@ c^r. a_{il}^{-} ) \right.\\ \end{equation} The proposed algorithm iteratively computes the following variables -untill the variation of the dual function is less than a given threshold. +until the variation of the dual function is less than a given threshold. \begin{enumerate} \item $ u_{hi}^{(k+1)} = u_{hi}^{(k)} - \theta^{(k)}. \left( \eta_{hi}^{(k)} - \sum_{l \in L }a_{il}x_{hl}^{(k)} \right) $ @@ -139,7 +169,7 @@ $v_{h}^{(k+1)}= \max\left\{0,v_{h}^{(k)} - \theta^{(k)}.\left( R_h^{(k)} - \dfr \item $\begin{array}{l} \lambda_{i}^{(k+1)} = \max\left\{0, \lambda_{i}^{(k)} - \theta^{(k)}.\left( - q^{(k)}.B_i \right. \left.\\ + q^{(k)}.B_i \right. \right.\\ \qquad\qquad\qquad -\sum_{l \in L}a_{il}^{+}.c^s_l.\left( \sum_{h \in V}x_{hl}^{(k)} \right) \\ \qquad\qquad\qquad - \left.\left. \sum_{l \in L} a_{il}^{-}.c^r.\left( \sum_{h \in V}x_{hl}^{(k)} \right) - P_{si}^{(k)} \right) \right\} \end{array} @@ -168,7 +198,7 @@ P_{sh}^{(k)} = \arg \min_{p > 0} \left( -v_h^{(k)}.\dfrac{\ln(\sigma^2/D_h)}{\gamma p ^{2/3}} + \lambda_h^{(k)}p +v_h^{(k)}.\dfrac{\ln(\sigma^2/D_h)}{\gamma p^{2/3}} + \lambda_h^{(k)}p \right) $