\begin{document}
-\title{Simulation of Asynchronous Iterative Numerical Algorithms Using SimGrid}
+\title{Simulation of Asynchronous Iterative Algorithms Using SimGrid}
\author{%
\IEEEauthorblockN{%
Charles Emile Ramamonjisoa\IEEEauthorrefmark{1},
+ Lilia Ziane Khodja\IEEEauthorrefmark{2},
David Laiymani\IEEEauthorrefmark{1},
- Arnaud Giersch\IEEEauthorrefmark{1},
- Lilia Ziane Khodja\IEEEauthorrefmark{2} and
+ Arnaud Giersch\IEEEauthorrefmark{1} and
Raphaël Couturier\IEEEauthorrefmark{1}
}
\IEEEauthorblockA{\IEEEauthorrefmark{1}%
\maketitle
-\RC{Ordre des auteurs pas définitif.}
\begin{abstract}
-\AG{L'abstract est AMHA incompréhensible et ne donne pas envie de lire la suite.}
-In recent years, the scalability of large-scale implementation in a
-distributed environment of algorithms becoming more and more complex has
-always been hampered by the limits of physical computing resources
-capacity. One solution is to run the program in a virtual environment
-simulating a real interconnected computers architecture. The results are
-convincing and useful solutions are obtained with far fewer resources
-than in a real platform. However, challenges remain for the convergence
-and efficiency of a class of algorithms that concern us here, namely
-numerical parallel iterative algorithms executed in asynchronous mode,
-especially in a large scale level. Actually, such algorithm requires a
-balance and a compromise between computation and communication time
-during the execution. Two important factors determine the success of the
-experimentation: the convergence of the iterative algorithm on a large
-scale and the execution time reduction in asynchronous mode. Once again,
-from the current work, a simulated environment like SimGrid provides
-accurate results which are difficult or even impossible to obtain in a
-physical platform by exploiting the flexibility of the simulator on the
-computing units clusters and the network structure design. Our
-experimental outputs showed a saving of up to \np[\%]{40} for the algorithm
-execution time in asynchronous mode compared to the synchronous one with
-a residual precision up to \np{E-11}. Such successful results open
-perspectives on experimentations for running the algorithm on a
-simulated large scale growing environment and with larger problem size.
-
-\LZK{Long\ldots}
+
+Synchronous iterative algorithms are often less scalable than asynchronous
+iterative ones. Performing large scale experiments with different kind of
+network parameters is not easy because with supercomputers such parameters are
+fixed. So one solution consists in using simulations first in order to analyze
+what parameters could influence or not the behaviors of an algorithm. In this
+paper, we show that it is interesting to use SimGrid to simulate the behaviors
+of asynchronous iterative algorithms. For that, we compare the behaviour of a
+synchronous GMRES algorithm with an asynchronous multisplitting one with
+simulations in which we choose some parameters. Both codes are real MPI
+codes. Experiments allow us to see when the multisplitting algorithm can be more
+efficient than the GMRES one to solve a 3D Poisson problem.
+
% no keywords for IEEE conferences
% Keywords: Algorithm distributed iterative asynchronous simulation SimGrid
increasing complexity of these requested applications combined with a continuous increase of their sizes lead to write
distributed and parallel algorithms requiring significant hardware resources (grid computing, clusters, broadband
network, etc.) but also a non-negligible CPU execution time. We consider in this paper a class of highly efficient
-parallel algorithms called \emph{numerical iterative algorithms} executed in a distributed environment. As their name
+parallel algorithms called \emph{iterative algorithms} executed in a distributed environment. As their name
suggests, these algorithms solve a given problem by successive iterations ($X_{n +1} = f(X_{n})$) from an initial value
$X_{0}$ to find an approximate value $X^*$ of the solution with a very low residual error. Several well-known methods
demonstrate the convergence of these algorithms~\cite{BT89,Bahi07}.
synchronous case, AIAC algorithms can significantly reduce overall execution times by suppressing idle times due to
synchronizations especially in a grid computing context (see~\cite{Bahi07} for more details).
-Parallel numerical applications (synchronous or asynchronous) may have different
-configuration and deployment requirements. Quantifying their resource
-allocation policies and application scheduling algorithms in grid computing
-environments under varying load, CPU power and network speeds is very costly,
-very labor intensive and very time
-consuming~\cite{Calheiros:2011:CTM:1951445.1951450}. The case of AIAC
-algorithms is even more problematic since they are very sensible to the
+Parallel (synchronous or asynchronous) applications may have different
+configuration and deployment requirements. Quantifying their resource
+allocation policies and application scheduling algorithms in grid computing
+environments under varying load, CPU power and network speeds is very costly,
+very labor intensive and very time
+consuming~\cite{Calheiros:2011:CTM:1951445.1951450}. The case of AIAC
+algorithms is even more problematic since they are very sensible to the
execution environment context. For instance, variations in the network bandwidth
-(intra and inter-clusters), in the number and the power of nodes, in the number
-of clusters\dots{} can lead to very different number of iterations and so to
-very different execution times. Then, it appears that the use of simulation
-tools to explore various platform scenarios and to run large numbers of
-experiments quickly can be very promising. In this way, the use of a simulation
-environment to execute parallel iterative algorithms found some interests in
-reducing the highly cost of access to computing resources: (1) for the
-applications development life cycle and in code debugging (2) and in production
-to get results in a reasonable execution time with a simulated infrastructure
-not accessible with physical resources. Indeed, the launch of distributed
-iterative asynchronous algorithms to solve a given problem on a large-scale
-simulated environment challenges to find optimal configurations giving the best
+(intra and inter-clusters), in the number and the power of nodes, in the number
+of clusters\dots{} can lead to very different number of iterations and so to
+very different execution times. Then, it appears that the use of simulation
+tools to explore various platform scenarios and to run large numbers of
+experiments quickly can be very promising. In this way, the use of a simulation
+environment to execute parallel iterative algorithms found some interests in
+reducing the highly cost of access to computing resources: (1) for the
+applications development life cycle and in code debugging (2) and in production
+to get results in a reasonable execution time with a simulated infrastructure
+not accessible with physical resources. Indeed, the launch of distributed
+iterative asynchronous algorithms to solve a given problem on a large-scale
+simulated environment challenges to find optimal configurations giving the best
results with a lowest residual error and in the best of execution time.
To our knowledge, there is no existing work on the large-scale simulation of a
-real AIAC application. The aim of this paper is twofold. First we give a first
+real AIAC application. There are {\bf two contributions} in this paper. First we give a first
approach of the simulation of AIAC algorithms using a simulation tool (i.e. the
-SimGrid toolkit~\cite{SimGrid}). Second, we confirm the effectiveness of
-asynchronous mode algorithms by comparing their performance with the synchronous
-mode. More precisely, we had implemented a program for solving large
+SimGrid toolkit~\cite{SimGrid}). Second, we confirm the effectiveness of the
+asynchronous multisplitting algorithm by comparing its performance with the synchronous
+GMRES. More precisely, we had implemented a program for solving large
linear system of equations by numerical method GMRES (Generalized
Minimal Residual) \cite{ref1}. We show, that with minor modifications of the
initial MPI code, the SimGrid toolkit allows us to perform a test campaign of a
