From: couturie Date: Tue, 20 Oct 2015 10:06:07 +0000 (+0200) Subject: ajout fichier manquant X-Git-Url: https://bilbo.iut-bm.univ-fcomte.fr/and/gitweb/kahina_paper1.git/commitdiff_plain/05d52395f48a55ff95c2e917eaa90adfabc69d82?ds=inline;hp=-c ajout fichier manquant --- 05d52395f48a55ff95c2e917eaa90adfabc69d82 diff --git a/Root.pdf b/Root.pdf index df62371..0ee3f51 100644 Binary files a/Root.pdf and b/Root.pdf differ diff --git a/elsarticle-template.aux b/elsarticle-template.aux index 751cc5f..29967a3 100644 --- a/elsarticle-template.aux +++ b/elsarticle-template.aux @@ -1,128 +1,128 @@ -\relax -\providecommand\hyper@newdestlabel[2]{} -\providecommand\HyperFirstAtBeginDocument{\AtBeginDocument} -\HyperFirstAtBeginDocument{\ifx\hyper@anchor\@undefined -\global\let\oldcontentsline\contentsline -\gdef\contentsline#1#2#3#4{\oldcontentsline{#1}{#2}{#3}} -\global\let\oldnewlabel\newlabel -\gdef\newlabel#1#2{\newlabelxx{#1}#2} -\gdef\newlabelxx#1#2#3#4#5#6{\oldnewlabel{#1}{{#2}{#3}}} 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+\providecommand\NAT@force@numbers{}\NAT@force@numbers diff --git a/elsarticle-template.bbl b/elsarticle-template.bbl index 606edd7..f884705 100644 --- a/elsarticle-template.bbl +++ b/elsarticle-template.bbl @@ -1,161 +1,161 @@ -\begin{thebibliography}{10} -\expandafter\ifx\csname url\endcsname\relax - \def\url#1{\texttt{#1}}\fi -\expandafter\ifx\csname urlprefix\endcsname\relax\def\urlprefix{URL }\fi -\expandafter\ifx\csname href\endcsname\relax - \def\href#1#2{#2} \def\path#1{#1}\fi - -\bibitem{Weierstrass03} -K.~Weierstrass, Neuer beweis des satzes, dass jede ganze rationale function - einer veranderlichen dagestellt werden kann als ein product aus linearen - functionen derselben veranderlichen, Ges. 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Comput. - Mach.~(10) (1967) 107--108. - -\bibitem{Aberth73} -O.~Aberth, Iteration methods for finding all zeros of a polynomial - simultaneously, Mathematics of Computation 27~(122) (1973) 339--344. -\newblock \href {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-4916(63)90068-X} - {\path{doi:10.1016/0003-4916(63)90068-X}}. - -\bibitem{Loizon83} -G.~Loizon, Higher-order iteration functions for simultaneously approximating - polynomial zeros, Intern. J. 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Gupta, Efficient parallel algorithms for finding - polynomial zeroes, Proc of the 6th int conference on advance computing, CDAC, - Pune University Campus,India 15~(3) (1999) 189--196. - -\bibitem{Riceall06} -T.~Rice, L.~Jamieson, A highly parallel algorithm for root extraction, IEEE - Trans Comp 38~(3) (2006) 443--449. - -\bibitem{Azad07} -H.~Azad, The performance of synchronous parallel polynomial root extraction on - a ring multicomputer, Clust Comput 2~(10) (2007) 167--174. - -\bibitem{Gemignani07} -L.~Gemignani, Structured matrix methods for polynomial root finding., n: Proc - of the 2007 Intl symposium on symbolic and algebraic computation (2007) - 175--180. - -\bibitem{Kalantari08} -B.~Kalantari, Polynomial root finding and polynomiography., World - Scientifict,New Jersey. - -\bibitem{Skachek08} -V.~Skachek, Structured matrix methods for polynomial root finding., n: Proc of - the 2007 Intl symposium on symbolic and algebraic computation (2008) - 175--180. - -\bibitem{Zhancall08} -X.~Zhanc, Z.~M.~Wan, A constrained learning algorithm for finding multiple real - roots of polynomial, In: Proc of the 2008 intl symposium on computational - intelligence and design (2008) 38--41. - -\bibitem{Zhuall08} -W.~Zhu, w.~Zeng, D.~Lin, an adaptive algorithm finding multiple roots of - polynomials, Lect Notes Comput Sci~(5262) (2008) 674--681. - -\bibitem{Bini04} -D.~Bini, L.~Gemignani, Inverse power and durand kerner iterations for - univariate polynomial root finding, Comput Math Appl~(47) (2004) 447--459. - -\bibitem{Cosnard90} -M.~Cosnard, P.~Fraigniaud, Finding the roots of a polynomial on an mimd - multicomputer, Parallel Comput 15~(3) (1990) 75--85. - -\bibitem{Jana99} -P.~Jana, Finding polynomial zeroes on a multi-mesh of trees (mmt), In: Proc of - the 2nd int conference on information technology (1999) 202--206. - -\bibitem{NVIDIA10} -NVIDIA, NVIDIA CUDA C Programming Guide, Vol.~7 of 001, PG, 2015. - -\end{thebibliography} +\begin{thebibliography}{10} +\expandafter\ifx\csname url\endcsname\relax + \def\url#1{\texttt{#1}}\fi +\expandafter\ifx\csname urlprefix\endcsname\relax\def\urlprefix{URL }\fi +\expandafter\ifx\csname href\endcsname\relax + \def\href#1#2{#2} \def\path#1{#1}\fi + +\bibitem{Weierstrass03} +K.~Weierstrass, Neuer beweis des satzes, dass jede ganze rationale function + einer veranderlichen dagestellt werden kann als ein product aus linearen + functionen derselben veranderlichen, Ges. Werke 3 (1903) 251--269. + +\bibitem{Ilie50} +L.~Ilieff, On the approximations of newton, Annual Sofia Univ~(46) (1950) + 167--171. +\newblock \href {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-4916(63)90068-X} + {\path{doi:10.1016/0003-4916(63)90068-X}}. + +\bibitem{Docev62} +K.~Docev, An alternative method of newton for simultaneous calculation of all + the roots of a given algebraic equation, Phys. Math. J~(5) (1962) 136--139. + +\bibitem{Durand60} +E.~Durand, Solution numerique des equations algebriques, vol. 1, equations du + type f(x)=0, racines d'une polynome Vol.1. + +\bibitem{Kerner66} +I.~Kerner, Ein gesamtschritteverfahren zur berechnung der nullstellen von + polynomen~(8) (1966) 290--294. + +\bibitem{Borch-Supan63} +W.~Borch-Supan, A posteriori error for the zeros of polynomials~(5) (1963) + 380--398. + +\bibitem{Ehrlich67} +L.~Ehrlich, A modified newton method for polynomials, Comm. Ass. Comput. + Mach.~(10) (1967) 107--108. + +\bibitem{Aberth73} +O.~Aberth, Iteration methods for finding all zeros of a polynomial + simultaneously, Mathematics of Computation 27~(122) (1973) 339--344. +\newblock \href {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-4916(63)90068-X} + {\path{doi:10.1016/0003-4916(63)90068-X}}. + +\bibitem{Loizon83} +G.~Loizon, Higher-order iteration functions for simultaneously approximating + polynomial zeros, Intern. J. 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destinations out of 1000 (max. 500000) + 145 words of extra memory for PDF output out of 10000 (max. 10000000) + diff --git a/elsarticle-template.out b/elsarticle-template.out index 202aedb..1f64cfb 100644 --- a/elsarticle-template.out +++ b/elsarticle-template.out @@ -1,18 +1,18 @@ -\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.1}{Root finding problem}{}% 1 -\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.2}{Aberth method}{}% 2 -\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.2.1}{Polynomials Initialization}{section.2}% 3 -\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.2.2}{Vector Z\(0\) Initialization}{section.2}% 4 -\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.2.3}{Iterative Function Hi}{section.2}% 5 -\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.2.4}{Convergence condition}{section.2}% 6 -\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.3}{Amelioration of Aberth method }{}% 7 -\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.4}{The implementation of simultaneous methods in a parallel computer}{}% 8 -\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.5}{A parallel implementation of Aberth method}{}% 9 -\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.5.1}{Background on the GPU architecture}{section.5}% 10 -\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.5.2}{Background on the CUDA Programming Model}{section.5}% 11 -\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.5.3}{ The implementation of Aberth method on GPU}{section.5}% 12 -\BOOKMARK [3][-]{subsubsection.5.3.1}{A sequential Aberth algorithm}{subsection.5.3}% 13 -\BOOKMARK [3][-]{subsubsection.5.3.2}{Parallelize the steps on GPU }{subsection.5.3}% 14 -\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.5.4}{Experimental study}{section.5}% 15 -\BOOKMARK [3][-]{subsubsection.5.4.1}{Definition of the polynomial used}{subsection.5.4}% 16 -\BOOKMARK [3][-]{subsubsection.5.4.2}{The study condition}{subsection.5.4}% 17 -\BOOKMARK [3][-]{subsubsection.5.4.3}{Comparative study}{subsection.5.4}% 18 +\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.1}{Root finding problem}{}% 1 +\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.2}{Aberth method}{}% 2 +\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.2.1}{Polynomials Initialization}{section.2}% 3 +\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.2.2}{Vector Z\(0\) Initialization}{section.2}% 4 +\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.2.3}{Iterative Function Hi}{section.2}% 5 +\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.2.4}{Convergence condition}{section.2}% 6 +\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.3}{Amelioration of Aberth method }{}% 7 +\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.4}{The implementation of simultaneous methods in a parallel computer}{}% 8 +\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.5}{A parallel implementation of Aberth method}{}% 9 +\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.5.1}{Background on the GPU architecture}{section.5}% 10 +\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.5.2}{Background on the CUDA Programming Model}{section.5}% 11 +\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.5.3}{ The implementation of Aberth method on GPU}{section.5}% 12 +\BOOKMARK [3][-]{subsubsection.5.3.1}{A sequential Aberth algorithm}{subsection.5.3}% 13 +\BOOKMARK [3][-]{subsubsection.5.3.2}{Parallelize the steps on GPU }{subsection.5.3}% 14 +\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.5.4}{Experimental study}{section.5}% 15 +\BOOKMARK [3][-]{subsubsection.5.4.1}{Definition of the polynomial used}{subsection.5.4}% 16 +\BOOKMARK [3][-]{subsubsection.5.4.2}{The study condition}{subsection.5.4}% 17 +\BOOKMARK [3][-]{subsubsection.5.4.3}{Comparative study}{subsection.5.4}% 18 diff --git a/elsarticle-template.pdf b/elsarticle-template.pdf index 247f1e2..40734c4 100644 Binary files a/elsarticle-template.pdf and b/elsarticle-template.pdf differ diff --git a/elsarticle.cls b/elsarticle.cls new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1b15bce --- /dev/null +++ b/elsarticle.cls @@ -0,0 +1,810 @@ +%% +%% This is file `elsarticle.cls', +%% generated with the docstrip utility. +%% +%% The original source files were: +%% +%% elsarticle.dtx (with options: `class') +%% +%% Copyright 2007, 2008, 2009 Elsevier Ltd +%% +%% This file is part of the 'Elsarticle Bundle'. +%% ------------------------------------------- +%% +%% It may be distributed under the conditions of the LaTeX Project Public +%% License, either version 1.2 of this license or (at your option) any +%% later version. The latest version of this license is in +%% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt +%% and version 1.2 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX +%% version 1999/12/01 or later. +%% +%% The list of all files belonging to the 'Elsarticle Bundle' is +%% given in the file `manifest.txt'. +%% +%% +%% $Id: elsarticle.dtx 19 2009-12-17 07:07:52Z rishi $ +%% + \def\RCSfile{elsarticle}% + \def\RCSversion{1.20b}% + \def\RCSdate{2009/09/17}% + \def\@shortjnl{\relax} + \def\@journal{Elsevier Ltd} \def\@company{Elsevier Ltd} + \def\@issn{000-0000} + \def\@shortjid{elsarticle} +\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01] +\ProvidesClass{\@shortjid}[\RCSdate, \RCSversion: \@journal] +\def\ABD{\AtBeginDocument} +\newif\ifpreprint \preprintfalse +\newif\iflongmktitle \longmktitlefalse + +\def\@blstr{1} +\newdimen\@bls +\@bls=\baselineskip + +\def\@finalWarning{% + *****************************************************\MessageBreak + This document is typeset in the CRC style which\MessageBreak + is not suitable for submission.\MessageBreak + \MessageBreak + Please typeset again using 'preprint' option\MessageBreak + for creating PDF suitable for submission.\MessageBreak + ******************************************************\MessageBreak +} + +\DeclareOption{preprint}{\global\preprinttrue + \gdef\@blstr{1}\xdef\jtype{0}% + \AtBeginDocument{\@twosidefalse\@mparswitchfalse}} +\DeclareOption{final}{\gdef\@blstr{1}\global\preprintfalse} +\DeclareOption{review}{\global\preprinttrue\gdef\@blstr{1.5}} +\DeclareOption{authoryear}{\xdef\@biboptions{round,authoryear}} +\DeclareOption{number}{\xdef\@biboptions{numbers}} +\DeclareOption{numbers}{\xdef\@biboptions{numbers}} +\DeclareOption{longtitle}{\global\longmktitletrue} +\DeclareOption{5p}{\xdef\jtype{5}\global\preprintfalse + \ExecuteOptions{twocolumn}} + \def\jtype{0} +\DeclareOption{3p}{\xdef\jtype{3}\global\preprintfalse} +\DeclareOption{1p}{\xdef\jtype{1}\global\preprintfalse + \AtBeginDocument{\@twocolumnfalse}} +\DeclareOption{times}{\IfFileExists{txfonts.sty}% + {\AtEndOfClass{\RequirePackage{txfonts}% + \gdef\ttdefault{cmtt}% + \let\iint\relax + \let\iiint\relax + \let\iiiint\relax + \let\idotsint\relax + \let\openbox\relax}}{\RequirePackage{times}}} +\ExecuteOptions{a4paper,10pt,oneside,onecolumn,number,preprint} +\DeclareOption*{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{article}} +\ProcessOptions +\LoadClass{article} +\RequirePackage{graphicx} +\let\comma\@empty +\let\tnotesep\@empty +\def\title#1{\gdef\@title{#1}} +\let\@title\@empty + +\def\elsLabel#1{\@bsphack\protected@write\@auxout{}% + {\string\Newlabel{#1}{\@currentlabel}}\@esphack} +\def\Newlabel#1#2{\expandafter\xdef\csname X@#1\endcsname{#2}} + +\def\elsRef#1{\@ifundefined{X@#1}{0}{\csname X@#1\endcsname}% +} + +\def\tnotemark[#1]{\textsuperscript{\@for\@@tmark:=#1\do{% + \edef\tnotenum{\@ifundefined{X@\@@tmark}{1}{\elsRef{\@@tmark}}}% + \ifcase\tnotenum\or\ding{73}\or,\ding{73}\ding{73}\fi}}% +} +\let\@tnotemark\@empty + +\let\@tnotes\@empty +\RequirePackage{pifont} +\newcounter{tnote} +\def\tnotetext[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\@tnotes{% + \refstepcounter{tnote}\elsLabel{#1}% + \def\thefootnote{\ifcase\c@tnote\or\ding{73}\or\ding{73}\ding{73}\fi}% + \footnotetext{#2}}} + +\let\@nonumnotes\@empty +\def\nonumnote#1{\g@addto@macro\@nonumnotes{% + \let\thefootnote\relax\footnotetext{#1}}} + +\newcounter{fnote} +\def\fnmark[#1]{\let\comma\@empty + \def\@fnmark{\@for\@@fnmark:=#1\do{% + \edef\fnotenum{\@ifundefined{X@\@@fnmark}{1}{\elsRef{\@@fnmark}}}% + \unskip\comma\fnotenum\let\comma,}}% +} + +\let\@fnotes\@empty\let\@fnmark\@empty +\def\fntext[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\@fnotes{% + \refstepcounter{fnote}\elsLabel{#1}% + \def\thefootnote{\thefnote}% + \global\setcounter{footnote}{\thefnote}% + \footnotetext{#2}}} + +\def\cormark[#1]{\edef\cnotenum{\elsRef{#1}}% + \unskip\textsuperscript{\sep\ifcase\cnotenum\or + $\ast$\or$\ast\ast$\fi\hspace{-1pt}}\let\sep=,} + +\let\@cormark\@empty +\let\@cornotes\@empty +\newcounter{cnote} +\def\cortext[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\@cornotes{% + \refstepcounter{cnote}\elsLabel{#1}% + \def\thefootnote{\ifcase\thecnote\or$\ast$\or + $\ast\ast$\fi}% + \footnotetext{#2}}} + +\let\@corref\@empty +\def\corref#1{\edef\cnotenum{\elsRef{#1}}% + \edef\@corref{\ifcase\cnotenum\or + $\ast$\or$\ast\ast$\fi\hskip-1pt}} + +\def\fnref#1{\fnmark[#1]} +\def\tnoteref#1{\tnotemark[#1]} + +\def\resetTitleCounters{\c@cnote=0 + \c@fnote=0 \c@tnote=0 \c@footnote=0} + +\let\eadsep\@empty +\let\@elseads\@empty +\let\@elsuads\@empty +\let\@cormark\@empty +\def\hashchar{\expandafter\@gobble\string\~} +\def\underscorechar{\expandafter\@gobble\string\_} +\def\lbracechar{\expandafter\@gobble\string\{} +\def\rbracechar{\expandafter\@gobble\string\}} + +\def\ead{\@ifnextchar[{\@uad}{\@ead}} +\gdef\@ead#1{\bgroup\def\_{\string\underscorechar\space}% + \def\{{\string\lbracechar\space}% + \def~{\hashchar\space}% + \def\}{\string\rbracechar\space}% + \edef\tmp{\the\@eadauthor} + \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\emailauthor + {#1}{\expandafter\strip@prefix\meaning\tmp}}% + \egroup +} +\newcounter{ead} +\gdef\emailauthor#1#2{\stepcounter{ead}% + \g@addto@macro\@elseads{\raggedright% + \let\corref\@gobble + \eadsep\texttt{#1} (#2)\def\eadsep{\unskip,\space}}% +} +\gdef\@uad[#1]#2{\bgroup + \def~{\string\hashchar\space}% + \def\_{\string\underscorechar\space}% + \edef\tmp{\the\@eadauthor} + \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\urlauthor + {#2}{\expandafter\strip@prefix\meaning\tmp}}% + \egroup +} +\def\urlauthor#1#2{\g@addto@macro\@elsuads{\let\corref\@gobble% + \raggedright\eadsep\texttt{#1}\space(#2)% + \def\eadsep{\unskip,\space}}% +} + +\def\elsauthors{} +\def\pprinttitle{} +\let\authorsep\@empty +\let\sep\@empty +\newcounter{author} +\def\author{\@ifnextchar[{\@@author}{\@author}} + +\newtoks\@eadauthor +\def\@@author[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\elsauthors{% + \def\baselinestretch{1}% + \authorsep#2\unskip\textsuperscript{%#1% + \@for\@@affmark:=#1\do{% + \edef\affnum{\@ifundefined{X@\@@affmark}{1}{\elsRef{\@@affmark}}}% + \unskip\sep\affnum\let\sep=,}% + \ifx\@fnmark\@empty\else\unskip\sep\@fnmark\let\sep=,\fi + \ifx\@corref\@empty\else\unskip\sep\@corref\let\sep=,\fi + }% + \def\authorsep{\unskip,\space}% + \global\let\sep\@empty\global\let\@corref\@empty + \global\let\@fnmark\@empty}% + \@eadauthor={#2} +} + +\def\@author#1{\g@addto@macro\elsauthors{\normalsize% + \def\baselinestretch{1}% + \upshape\authorsep#1\unskip\textsuperscript{% + \ifx\@fnmark\@empty\else\unskip\sep\@fnmark\let\sep=,\fi + \ifx\@corref\@empty\else\unskip\sep\@corref\let\sep=,\fi + }% + \def\authorsep{\unskip,\space}% + \global\let\@fnmark\@empty + \global\let\@corref\@empty + \global\let\sep\@empty}% + \@eadauthor={#1} +} + +\def\elsaddress{} +\def\addsep{\par\vskip6pt} +\def\address{\@ifnextchar[{\@@address}{\@address}} + +\def\@alph#1{% + \ifcase#1\or a\or b\or c\or d\or e\or f\or g\or h\or i\or j\or k\or + l\or m\or n\or o\or p\or q\or r\or s\or t\or u\or v\or w\or x\or + y\or z% + \or aa\or ab\or ac\or ad\or ae\or af\or ag\or ah\or ai\or aj\or + ak\or al\or am\or an\or ao\or ap\or aq\or ar\or as\or at\or au\or + av\or aw\or ax\or ay\or az% + \or ba\or bb\or bc\or bd\or be\or bf\or bg\or bh\or bi\or bj\or + bk\or bl\or bm\or bn\or bo\or bp\or bq\or br\or bs\or bt\or bu\or + bv\or bw\or bx\or by\or bz% + \or ca\or cb\or cc\or cd\or ce\or cf\or cg\or ch\or ci\or cj\or + ck\or cl\or cm\or cn\or co\or cp\or cq\or cr\or cs\or ct\or cu\or + cv\or cw\or cx\or cy\or cz% + \or da\or db\or dc\or dd\or de\or df\or dg\or dh\or di\or dj\or + dk\or dl\or dm\or dn\or do\or dp\or dq\or dr\or ds\or dt\or du\or + dv\or dw\or dx\or dy\or dz% + \or ea\or eb\or ec\or ed\or ee\or ef\or eg\or eh\or ei\or ej\or + ek\or el\or em\or en\or eo\or ep\or eq\or er\or es\or et\or eu\or + ev\or ew\or ex\or ey\or ez% + \or fa\or fb\or fc\or fd\or fe\or ff\or fg\or fh\or fi\or fj\or + fk\or fl\or fm\or fn\or fo\or fp\or fq\or fr\or fs\or ft\or fu\or + fv\or fw\or fx\or fy\or fz% + \or ga\or gb\or gc\or gd\or ge\or gf\or gg\or gh\or gi\or gj\or + gk\or gl\or gm\or gn\or go\or gp\or gq\or gr\or gs\or gt\or gu\or + gv\or gw\or gx\or gy\or gz% + \else\@ctrerr\fi} + +\newcounter{affn} +\renewcommand\theaffn{\alph{affn}} + +\long\def\@@address[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\elsaddress{% + \def\baselinestretch{1}% + \refstepcounter{affn} + \xdef\@currentlabel{\theaffn} + \elsLabel{#1}% + \textsuperscript{\theaffn}#2\par}} + +\long\def\@address#1{\g@addto@macro\elsauthors{% + \def\baselinestretch{1}% + \addsep\footnotesize\itshape#1\def\addsep{\par\vskip6pt}% + \def\authorsep{\par\vskip8pt}}} + +\newbox\absbox +\renewenvironment{abstract}{\global\setbox\absbox=\vbox\bgroup + \hsize=\textwidth\def\baselinestretch{1}% + \noindent\unskip\textbf{Abstract} + \par\medskip\noindent\unskip\ignorespaces} + {\egroup} + +\newbox\keybox +\def\keyword{% + \def\sep{\unskip, }% + \def\MSC{\@ifnextchar[{\@MSC}{\@MSC[2000]}} + \def\@MSC[##1]{\par\leavevmode\hbox {\it ##1~MSC:\space}}% + \def\PACS{\par\leavevmode\hbox {\it PACS:\space}}% + \def\JEL{\par\leavevmode\hbox {\it JEL:\space}}% + \global\setbox\keybox=\vbox\bgroup\hsize=\textwidth + \normalsize\normalfont\def\baselinestretch{1} + \parskip\z@ + \noindent\textit{Keywords: } + \raggedright % Keywords are not justified. + \ignorespaces} +\def\endkeyword{\par \egroup} + +\newdimen\Columnwidth +\Columnwidth=\columnwidth + +\def\printFirstPageNotes{% + \iflongmktitle + \let\columnwidth=\textwidth\fi + \ifx\@tnotes\@empty\else\@tnotes\fi + \ifx\@nonumnotes\@empty\else\@nonumnotes\fi + \ifx\@cornotes\@empty\else\@cornotes\fi + \ifx\@elseads\@empty\relax\else + \let\thefootnote\relax + \footnotetext{\ifnum\theead=1\relax + \textit{Email address:\space}\else + \textit{Email addresses:\space}\fi + \@elseads}\fi + \ifx\@elsuads\@empty\relax\else + \let\thefootnote\relax + \footnotetext{\textit{URL:\space}% + \@elsuads}\fi + \ifx\@fnotes\@empty\else\@fnotes\fi + \iflongmktitle\if@twocolumn + \let\columnwidth=\Columnwidth\fi\fi +} + +\long\def\pprintMaketitle{\clearpage + \iflongmktitle\if@twocolumn\let\columnwidth=\textwidth\fi\fi + \resetTitleCounters + \def\baselinestretch{1}% + \printFirstPageNotes + \begin{center}% + \thispagestyle{pprintTitle}% + \def\baselinestretch{1}% + \Large\@title\par\vskip18pt + \normalsize\elsauthors\par\vskip10pt + \footnotesize\itshape\elsaddress\par\vskip36pt + \hrule\vskip12pt + \ifvoid\absbox\else\unvbox\absbox\par\vskip10pt\fi + \ifvoid\keybox\else\unvbox\keybox\par\vskip10pt\fi + \hrule\vskip12pt + \end{center}% + \gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}% + } + +\def\printWarning{% + \mbox{}\par\vfill\par\bgroup + \fboxsep12pt\fboxrule1pt + \hspace*{.18\textwidth} + \fcolorbox{gray50}{gray10}{\box\warnbox} + \egroup\par\vfill\thispagestyle{empty} + \setcounter{page}{0} + \clearpage} + +\long\def\finalMaketitle{% + \resetTitleCounters + \def\baselinestretch{1}% + \MaketitleBox + \thispagestyle{pprintTitle}% + \gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}% + } + +\long\def\MaketitleBox{% + \resetTitleCounters + \def\baselinestretch{1}% + \begin{center}% + \def\baselinestretch{1}% + \Large\@title\par\vskip18pt + \normalsize\elsauthors\par\vskip10pt + \footnotesize\itshape\elsaddress\par\vskip36pt + \hrule\vskip12pt + \ifvoid\absbox\else\unvbox\absbox\par\vskip10pt\fi + \ifvoid\keybox\else\unvbox\keybox\par\vskip10pt\fi + \hrule\vskip12pt + \end{center}% + } + +\def\FNtext#1{\par\bgroup\footnotesize#1\egroup} +\newdimen\space@left +\def\alarm#1{\typeout{******************************}% + \typeout{#1}% + \typeout{******************************}% +} +\long\def\getSpaceLeft{%\global\@twocolumnfalse% + \global\setbox0=\vbox{\hsize=\textwidth\MaketitleBox}% + \global\setbox1=\vbox{\hsize=\textwidth + \let\footnotetext\FNtext + \printFirstPageNotes}% + \xdef\noteheight{\the\ht1}% + \xdef\titleheight{\the\ht0}% + \@tempdima=\vsize + \advance\@tempdima-\noteheight + \advance\@tempdima-1\baselineskip +} + + \skip\footins=24pt + +\newbox\els@boxa +\newbox\els@boxb + +\ifpreprint + \def\maketitle{\pprintMaketitle} + \else + \ifnum\jtype=1 + \def\maketitle{% + \iflongmktitle\getSpaceLeft + \global\setbox\els@boxa=\vsplit0 to \@tempdima + \box\els@boxa\par\resetTitleCounters + \thispagestyle{pprintTitle}% + \printFirstPageNotes + \box0% + \else + \finalMaketitle\printFirstPageNotes + \fi + \gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}}% + \else + \ifnum\jtype=5 + \def\maketitle{% + \iflongmktitle\getSpaceLeft + \global\setbox\els@boxa=\vsplit0 to \@tempdima + \box\els@boxa\par\resetTitleCounters + \thispagestyle{pprintTitle}% + \printFirstPageNotes + \twocolumn[\box0]%\printFirstPageNotes + \else + \twocolumn[\finalMaketitle]\printFirstPageNotes + \fi + \gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}} + \else + \if@twocolumn + \def\maketitle{% + \iflongmktitle\getSpaceLeft + \global\setbox\els@boxa=\vsplit0 to \@tempdima + \box\els@boxa\par\resetTitleCounters + \thispagestyle{pprintTitle}% + \printFirstPageNotes + \twocolumn[\box0]% + \else + \twocolumn[\finalMaketitle]\printFirstPageNotes + \fi + \gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}}% + \else + \def\maketitle{% + \iflongmktitle\getSpaceLeft + \global\setbox\els@boxa=\vsplit0 to \@tempdima + \box\els@boxa\par\resetTitleCounters + \thispagestyle{pprintTitle}% + \printFirstPageNotes + \box0% + \else + \finalMaketitle\printFirstPageNotes + \fi + \gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}}% + \fi + \fi + \fi +\fi +\def\ps@pprintTitle{% + \let\@oddhead\@empty + \let\@evenhead\@empty + \def\@oddfoot{\footnotesize\itshape + Preprint submitted to \ifx\@journal\@empty Elsevier + \else\@journal\fi\hfill\today}% + \let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot} +\def\@seccntDot{.} +\def\@seccntformat#1{\csname the#1\endcsname\@seccntDot\hskip 0.5em} + +\renewcommand\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}% + {18\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}% + {9\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}% + {\normalsize\bfseries\boldmath}} +\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}% + {12\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}% + {3\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}% + {\normalfont\normalsize\itshape}} +\renewcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}% + {12\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}% + {\p@}% + {\normalfont\normalsize\itshape}} + +\def\paragraph{\secdef{\els@aparagraph}{\els@bparagraph}} +\def\els@aparagraph[#1]#2{\elsparagraph[#1]{#2.}} +\def\els@bparagraph#1{\elsparagraph*{#1.}} + +\newcommand\elsparagraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{0\z@}% + {10\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}% + {-6\p@}% + {\normalfont\itshape}} +\newdimen\leftMargin +\leftMargin=2em +\newtoks\@enLab %\newtoks\@enfont +\def\@enQmark{?} +\def\@enLabel#1#2{% + \edef\@enThe{\noexpand#1{\@enumctr}}% + \@enLab\expandafter{\the\@enLab\csname the\@enumctr\endcsname}% + \@enloop} +\def\@enSpace{\afterassignment\@enSp@ce\let\@tempa= } +\def\@enSp@ce{\@enLab\expandafter{\the\@enLab\space}\@enloop} +\def\@enGroup#1{\@enLab\expandafter{\the\@enLab{#1}}\@enloop} +\def\@enOther#1{\@enLab\expandafter{\the\@enLab#1}\@enloop} +\def\@enloop{\futurelet\@entemp\@enloop@} +\def\@enloop@{% + \ifx A\@entemp \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\Alph }\else + \ifx a\@entemp \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\alph }\else + \ifx i\@entemp \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\roman }\else + \ifx I\@entemp \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\Roman }\else + \ifx 1\@entemp \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\arabic}\else + \ifx \@sptoken\@entemp \let\@tempa\@enSpace \else + \ifx \bgroup\@entemp \let\@tempa\@enGroup \else + \ifx \@enum@\@entemp \let\@tempa\@gobble \else + \let\@tempa\@enOther + \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi + \@tempa} +\newlength{\@sep} \newlength{\@@sep} +\setlength{\@sep}{.5\baselineskip plus.2\baselineskip + minus.2\baselineskip} +\setlength{\@@sep}{.1\baselineskip plus.01\baselineskip + minus.05\baselineskip} +\providecommand{\sfbc}{\rmfamily\upshape} +\providecommand{\sfn}{\rmfamily\upshape} +\def\@enfont{\ifnum \@enumdepth >1\let\@nxt\sfn \else\let\@nxt\sfbc \fi\@nxt} +\def\enumerate{% + \ifnum \@enumdepth >3 \@toodeep\else + \advance\@enumdepth \@ne + \edef\@enumctr{enum\romannumeral\the\@enumdepth}\fi + \@ifnextchar[{\@@enum@}{\@enum@}} +\def\@@enum@[#1]{% + \@enLab{}\let\@enThe\@enQmark + \@enloop#1\@enum@ + \ifx\@enThe\@enQmark\@warning{The counter will not be printed.% + ^^J\space\@spaces\@spaces\@spaces The label is: \the\@enLab}\fi + \expandafter\edef\csname label\@enumctr\endcsname{\the\@enLab}% + \expandafter\let\csname the\@enumctr\endcsname\@enThe + \csname c@\@enumctr\endcsname7 + \expandafter\settowidth + \csname leftmargin\romannumeral\@enumdepth\endcsname + {\the\@enLab\hskip\labelsep}% + \@enum@} +\def\@enum@{\list{{\@enfont\csname label\@enumctr\endcsname}}% + {\usecounter{\@enumctr}\def\makelabel##1{\hss\llap{##1}}% + \ifnum \@enumdepth>1\setlength{\topsep}{\@@sep}\else + \setlength{\topsep}{\@sep}\fi + \ifnum \@enumdepth>1\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt plus1pt minus1pt}% + \else \setlength{\itemsep}{\@@sep}\fi + %\setlength\leftmargin{\leftMargin}%%%{1.8em} + \setlength{\parsep}{0pt plus1pt minus1pt}% + \setlength{\parskip}{0pt plus1pt minus1pt} + }} + +\def\endenumerate{\par\ifnum \@enumdepth >1\addvspace{\@@sep}\else + \addvspace{\@sep}\fi \endlist} + +\def\sitem{\@noitemargtrue\@item[\@itemlabel *]} + +\def\itemize{\@ifnextchar[{\@Itemize}{\@Itemize[]}} + +\def\@Itemize[#1]{\def\next{#1}% + \ifnum \@itemdepth >\thr@@\@toodeep\else + \advance\@itemdepth\@ne + \ifx\next\@empty\else\expandafter\def\csname + labelitem\romannumeral\the\@itemdepth\endcsname{#1}\fi% + \edef\@itemitem{labelitem\romannumeral\the\@itemdepth}% + \expandafter\list\csname\@itemitem\endcsname + {\def\makelabel##1{\hss\llap{##1}}}% + \fi} +\def\newdefinition#1{% + \@ifnextchar[{\@odfn{#1}}{\@ndfn{#1}}}%] +\def\@ndfn#1#2{% + \@ifnextchar[{\@xndfn{#1}{#2}}{\@yndfn{#1}{#2}}} +\def\@xndfn#1#2[#3]{% + \expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname + {\@definecounter{#1}\@newctr{#1}[#3]% + \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{% + \expandafter\noexpand\csname the#3\endcsname \@dfncountersep + \@dfncounter{#1}}% + \global\@namedef{#1}{\@dfn{#1}{#2}}% + \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@enddefinition}}} +\def\@yndfn#1#2{% + \expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname + {\@definecounter{#1}% + \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\@dfncounter{#1}}% + \global\@namedef{#1}{\@dfn{#1}{#2}}% + \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@enddefinition}}} +\def\@odfn#1[#2]#3{% + \@ifundefined{c@#2}{\@nocounterr{#2}}% + {\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname + {\global\@namedef{the#1}{\@nameuse{the#2}} + \global\@namedef{#1}{\@dfn{#2}{#3}}% + \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@enddefinition}}}} +\def\@dfn#1#2{% + \refstepcounter{#1}% + \@ifnextchar[{\@ydfn{#1}{#2}}{\@xdfn{#1}{#2}}} +\def\@xdfn#1#2{% + \@begindefinition{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}\ignorespaces} +\def\@ydfn#1#2[#3]{% + \@opargbegindefinition{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}{#3}\ignorespaces} +\def\@dfncounter#1{\noexpand\arabic{#1}} +\def\@dfncountersep{.} +\def\@begindefinition#1#2{\trivlist + \item[\hskip\labelsep{\bfseries #1\ #2.}]\upshape} +\def\@opargbegindefinition#1#2#3{\trivlist + \item[\hskip\labelsep{\bfseries #1\ #2\ (#3).}]\upshape} +\def\@enddefinition{\endtrivlist} + +\def\@begintheorem#1#2{\trivlist + \let\baselinestretch\@blstr + \item[\hskip \labelsep{\bfseries #1\ #2.}]\itshape} +\def\@opargbegintheorem#1#2#3{\trivlist + \let\baselinestretch\@blstr + \item[\hskip \labelsep{\bfseries #1\ #2\ (#3).}]\itshape} + +\def\newproof#1{% + \@ifnextchar[{\@oprf{#1}}{\@nprf{#1}}} +\def\@nprf#1#2{% + \@ifnextchar[{\@xnprf{#1}{#2}}{\@ynprf{#1}{#2}}} +\def\@xnprf#1#2[#3]{% + \expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname + {\@definecounter{#1}\@newctr{#1}[#3]% + \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{% + \expandafter\noexpand\csname the#3\endcsname \@prfcountersep + \@prfcounter{#1}}% + \global\@namedef{#1}{\@prf{#1}{#2}}% + \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endproof}}} +\def\@ynprf#1#2{% + \expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname + {\@definecounter{#1}% + \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\@prfcounter{#1}}% + \global\@namedef{#1}{\@prf{#1}{#2}}% + \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endproof}}} +\def\@oprf#1[#2]#3{% + \@ifundefined{c@#2}{\@nocounterr{#2}}% + {\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname + {\global\@namedef{the#1}{\@nameuse{the#2}}% + \global\@namedef{#1}{\@prf{#2}{#3}}% + \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endproof}}}} +\def\@prf#1#2{% + \refstepcounter{#1}% + \@ifnextchar[{\@yprf{#1}{#2}}{\@xprf{#1}{#2}}} +\def\@xprf#1#2{% + \@beginproof{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}\ignorespaces} +\def\@yprf#1#2[#3]{% + \@opargbeginproof{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}{#3}\ignorespaces} +\def\@prfcounter#1{\noexpand\arabic{#1}} +\def\@prfcountersep{.} +\def\@beginproof#1#2{\trivlist\let\baselinestretch\@blstr + \item[\hskip \labelsep{\scshape #1.}]\rmfamily} +\def\@opargbeginproof#1#2#3{\trivlist\let\baselinestretch\@blstr + \item[\hskip \labelsep{\scshape #1\ (#3).}]\rmfamily} +\def\@endproof{\endtrivlist} +\newcommand*{\qed}{\hbox{}\hfill$\Box$} + +\@ifundefined{@biboptions}{\xdef\@biboptions{numbers}}{} +\InputIfFileExists{\jobname.spl}{}{} +\RequirePackage[\@biboptions]{natbib} + +\newwrite\splwrite +\immediate\openout\splwrite=\jobname.spl +\def\biboptions#1{\def\next{#1}\immediate\write\splwrite{% + \string\g@addto@macro\string\@biboptions{% + ,\expandafter\strip@prefix\meaning\next}}} + +\let\baselinestretch=\@blstr + +\ifnum\jtype=1 + \RequirePackage{geometry} + \geometry{twoside, + paperwidth=210mm, + paperheight=297mm, + textheight=562pt, + textwidth=384pt, + centering, + headheight=50pt, + headsep=12pt, + footskip=12pt, + footnotesep=24pt plus 2pt minus 12pt, + } + \global\let\bibfont=\footnotesize + \global\bibsep=0pt + \if@twocolumn\global\@twocolumnfalse\fi +\else\ifnum\jtype=3 + \RequirePackage{geometry} + \geometry{twoside, + paperwidth=210mm, + paperheight=297mm, + textheight=622pt, + textwidth=468pt, + centering, + headheight=50pt, + headsep=12pt, + footskip=18pt, + footnotesep=24pt plus 2pt minus 12pt, + columnsep=2pc + } + \global\let\bibfont=\footnotesize + \global\bibsep=0pt + \if@twocolumn\input{fleqn.clo}\fi +\else\ifnum\jtype=5 + \RequirePackage{geometry} + \geometry{twoside, + paperwidth=210mm, + paperheight=297mm, + textheight=682pt, + textwidth=522pt, + centering, + headheight=50pt, + headsep=12pt, + footskip=18pt, + footnotesep=24pt plus 2pt minus 12pt, + columnsep=18pt + }% + \global\let\bibfont=\footnotesize + \global\bibsep=0pt + \input{fleqn.clo} + \global\@twocolumntrue +%% +%% End of option '5p' +%% +\fi\fi\fi +\def\journal#1{\gdef\@journal{#1}} + \let\@journal\@empty +\newenvironment{frontmatter}{}{\maketitle} + +\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{% + \vskip\abovecaptionskip\footnotesize + \sbox\@tempboxa{#1: #2}% + \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize + #1: #2\par + \else + \global \@minipagefalse + \hb@xt@\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}% + \fi + \vskip\belowcaptionskip} + +\AtBeginDocument{\@ifpackageloaded{hyperref} + {\def\@linkcolor{blue} + \def\@anchorcolor{blue} + \def\@citecolor{blue} + \def\@filecolor{blue} + \def\@urlcolor{blue} + \def\@menucolor{blue} + \def\@pagecolor{blue} +\begingroup + \@makeother\`% + \@makeother\=% + \edef\x{% + \edef\noexpand\x{% + \endgroup + \noexpand\toks@{% + \catcode 96=\noexpand\the\catcode`\noexpand\`\relax + \catcode 61=\noexpand\the\catcode`\noexpand\=\relax + }% + }% + \noexpand\x + }% +\x +\@makeother\` +\@makeother\= +}{}} +%% +\def\appendixname{Appendix } +\renewcommand\appendix{\par + \setcounter{section}{0}% + \setcounter{subsection}{0}% + \setcounter{equation}{0} + \gdef\thefigure{\@Alph\c@section.\arabic{figure}}% + \gdef\thetable{\@Alph\c@section.\arabic{table}}% + \gdef\thesection{\appendixname~\@Alph\c@section}% + \@addtoreset{equation}{section}% + \gdef\theequation{\@Alph\c@section.\arabic{equation}}% + \addtocontents{toc}{\string\let\string\numberline\string\tmptocnumberline}{}{} +} + +%%%% \numberline width calculation for appendix. +\newdimen\appnamewidth +\def\tmptocnumberline#1{% + \setbox0=\hbox{\appendixname} + \appnamewidth=\wd0 + \addtolength\appnamewidth{2.5pc} + \hb@xt@\appnamewidth{#1\hfill} +} + +%% Added for work with amsrefs.sty + +\@ifpackageloaded{amsrefs}% + {} + {%\let\bibsection\relax% + \AtBeginDocument{\def\cites@b#1#2,#3{% + \begingroup[% + \toks@{\InnerCite{#2}#1}% + \ifx\@empty#3\@xp\@gobble\fi + \cites@c#3% +}}} +%% +%% Added for avoiding clash with cleveref.sty + +\@ifpackageloaded{cleveref}% + {} + {\def\tnotetext[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\@tnotes{% + \refstepcounter{tnote}% + \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\Newlabel{#1}{\thetnote}} + \def\thefootnote{\ifcase\c@tnote\or\ding{73}\or\ding{73}\ding{73}\fi}% + \footnotetext{#2}}} +%%% + \def\fntext[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\@fnotes{% + \refstepcounter{fnote}% + \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\Newlabel{#1}{\thefnote}} + \def\thefootnote{\thefnote}% + \global\setcounter{footnote}{\thefnote}% + \footnotetext{#2}}} +%%% + \def\cortext[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\@cornotes{% + \refstepcounter{cnote}% + \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\Newlabel{#1}{\thecnote}} + \def\thefootnote{\ifcase\thecnote\or$\ast$\or + $\ast\ast$\fi}% + \footnotetext{#2}}} +} +\endinput +%% +%% End of file `elsarticle.cls'. +