+#include <ctime>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
XBT_LOG_EXTERNAL_DEFAULT_CATEGORY(main);
-#include "loba_simple.h"
+#include "deployment.h"
+#include "process.h"
+#include "loba_2besteffort.h"
+#include "loba_besteffort.h"
+#include "loba_bulk.h"
#include "loba_fairstrategy.h"
+#include "loba_lln.h"
+#include "loba_makhoul.h"
+#include "loba_makhoul2.h"
+#include "loba_makhoul3.h"
+#include "loba_simple.h"
+#include "misc.h"
#include "options.h"
+#define DATA_DESCR_WIDTH 42
+
namespace opt {
// Constants
std::string program_name;
int help_requested = 0;
bool version_requested = false;
+ int option_x = 0; // hidden option (int)
+ double option_X = 0.0; // hidden option (double)
// Simulation parameters
- unsigned log_rate = 1;
+ int log_rate = 1;
+ volatile std::sig_atomic_t exit_request = 0;
// Platform and deployment
std::string platform_file;
bool enabled = false;
std::string topology("clique");
unsigned nhosts = 0;
- double load = 0.0;
+ double load = -1.0;
+ bool random_distribution = false;
+ unsigned long random_seed = 0;
}
// Load balancing algorithm
std::string loba_algo("simple");
bool bookkeeping = false;
+ bool egocentric = false;
+ double min_lb_iter_duration = 1.0; // fixme: find better defaults
+ double min_transfer_amount = 0.0;
+ double max_transfer_amount = 0.0;
+ bool integer_transfer = false;
+ unsigned loba_best_divisor = 1;
// Application parameters
- cost_func comp_cost("1e9, 0"); // fixme: find better defaults
- cost_func comm_cost("1, 0"); // fixme: find better defaults
- unsigned maxiter = 10; // fixme: find better defaults
- bool exit_on_close = false;
+ cost_func comp_cost("1e9, 0"); // fixme: find better defaults
+ cost_func comm_cost("1e6, 0"); // fixme: find better defaults
+ double min_comp_iter_duration = 1.0; // fixme: find better defaults
+ unsigned comp_iter_delay = 0; // fixme: find better defaults
+ double comp_time_delay = 0.0; // fixme: find better defaults
+
+ // Parameters for the end of the simulation
+ double avg_load_ratio = 0.0;
+ unsigned lb_maxiter = 0;
+ unsigned comp_maxiter = 0;
+ double time_limit = 0;
+ bool exit_on_close = true;
// Named parameters lists
loba_algorithms_type loba_algorithms;
loba_algorithms_type::loba_algorithms_type()
{
- NOL_INSERT("fairstrategy", "balance with fair strategy", loba_fairstrategy);
- NOL_INSERT("none", "no load-balancing (for testing only)", process);
- NOL_INSERT("simple", "balance with least loaded neighbor", loba_simple);
+ NOL_INSERT("2besteffort", "balance with best effort strategy (take #2)",
+ loba_2besteffort);
+ NOL_INSERT("besteffort", "balance with best effort strategy",
+ loba_besteffort);
+ NOL_INSERT("bulk", "a multi-load-units assignation rule without ordering...",
+ loba_bulk);
+ NOL_INSERT("fairstrategy", "balance with fair strategy",
+ loba_fairstrategy);
+ NOL_INSERT("lln", "balance with less loaded neighbors without ordering-bulk method",
+ loba_lln);
+ NOL_INSERT("makhoul", "balance with Makhoul's PhD algorithm",
+ loba_makhoul);
+ NOL_INSERT("makhoul2", "balance with Makhoul's source code",
+ loba_makhoul2);
+ NOL_INSERT("makhoul3", "variation on Makhoul's algorithm",
+ loba_makhoul3);
+ NOL_INSERT("none", "no load-balancing (for testing only)",
+ process);
+ NOL_INSERT("simple", "balance with least loaded neighbor",
+ loba_simple);
}
topologies_type topologies;
namespace {
- template <typename T>
- bool nol_find_prefix(const T& nol, const char* descr, std::string& name)
- {
- bool result = nol.exists(name);
- if (!result) {
- std::stack<std::string> candidates;
- for (typename T::iterator it = nol.begin() ; it != nol.end() ; ++it) {
- const std::string& fullname = nol.get_name(it);
- if (fullname.compare(0, name.length(), name) == 0)
- candidates.push(fullname);
- }
- switch (candidates.size()) {
- case 0:
- ERROR2("unknownw %s -- %s", descr, name.c_str());
- break;
- case 1:
- name = candidates.top();
+ // local helper class
+ class opt_helper {
+ public:
+ template <typename T>
+ static bool parse_arg(char opt, const char *arg, T& val);
+ static const char* on_off(bool b);
+ const char* descr(const char* str);
+ template <typename T>
+ const char* val_or_string(const T& val, const char* str,
+ const T& deflt = 0);
+ template <typename T>
+ static bool nol_find_prefix(const T& nol, const char* descr,
+ std::string& name);
+
+ private:
+ std::string descr_str;
+ std::string val_or_string_str;
+ };
+
+} // namespace
+
+template <typename T>
+bool opt_helper::parse_arg(char opt, const char *arg, T& val)
+{
+ std::istringstream str(arg);
+ bool result = (str >> val) && str.eof();
+ if (!result)
+ XBT_ERROR("invalid argument for option '-%c' -- \"%s\"", opt, arg);
+ return result;
+}
+
+const char* opt_helper::on_off(bool b)
+{
+ return b ? "on" : "off";
+}
+
+const char* opt_helper::descr(const char* str)
+{
+ std::string& res = descr_str;
+ res = str;
+ res.resize(DATA_DESCR_WIDTH, '.');
+ return res.c_str();
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+const char* opt_helper::val_or_string(const T& val, const char* str,
+ const T& deflt)
+{
+ std::string& res = val_or_string_str;
+ if (val != deflt) {
+ std::ostringstream oss;
+ oss << val;
+ res = oss.str();
+ } else {
+ res = str;
+ }
+ return res.c_str();
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+bool opt_helper::nol_find_prefix(const T& nol, const char* descr,
+ std::string& name)
+{
+ bool result = nol.exists(name);
+ if (!result) {
+ std::stack<std::string> candidates;
+ for (typename T::iterator it = nol.begin() ; it != nol.end() ; ++it) {
+ const std::string& fullname = nol.get_name(it);
+ if (fullname.compare(0, name.length(), name) == 0)
+ candidates.push(fullname);
+ }
+ switch (candidates.size()) {
+ case 0:
+ XBT_ERROR("unknownw %s -- %s", descr, name.c_str());
+ break;
+ case 1:
+ name = candidates.top();
+ candidates.pop();
+ result = true;
+ XBT_DEBUG("infered %s -- %s", descr, name.c_str());
+ break;
+ default:
+ XBT_ERROR("ambiguous %s -- %s", descr, name.c_str());
+ while (!candidates.empty()) {
+ XBT_ERROR(" candidates are -- %s", candidates.top().c_str());
candidates.pop();
- result = true;
- DEBUG2("infered %s -- %s", descr, name.c_str());
- break;
- default:
- ERROR2("ambiguous %s -- %s", descr, name.c_str());
- while (!candidates.empty()) {
- ERROR1(" candidates are -- %s", candidates.top().c_str());
- candidates.pop();
- }
- break;
}
+ break;
}
- return result;
}
-
-} // namespace
+ return result;
+}
bool opt::parse_args(int* argc, char* argv[])
{
opt::program_name = argv[0];
opt::program_name.erase(0, 1 + opt::program_name.find_last_of('/'));
-
+
+#define PARSE_ARG(x) result = opt_helper::parse_arg(c, optarg, (x)) && result
+
int c;
opterr = 0;
- while ((c = getopt(*argc, argv, "a:bc:C:ehi:l:L:N:T:vV")) != -1) {
+ while ((c = getopt(*argc, argv,
+ "%:"
+ "a:bc:C:d:D:eEhi:I:k:l:L:m:M:N:r:Rs:S:t:T:vVx:X:Z"))
+ != -1) {
switch (c) {
+ case '%':
+ PARSE_ARG(opt::avg_load_ratio);
+ break;
case 'a':
opt::loba_algo = optarg;
- result = nol_find_prefix(opt::loba_algorithms,
- "load balancing algorithm",
- opt::loba_algo);
+ result = opt_helper::nol_find_prefix(opt::loba_algorithms,
+ "load balancing algorithm",
+ opt::loba_algo)
+ && result;
break;
case 'b':
- opt::bookkeeping = true;
+ opt::bookkeeping = !opt::bookkeeping;
+ break;
+ case 'c':
+ try {
+ opt::comp_cost = cost_func(optarg);
+ } catch (...) {
+ XBT_ERROR("invalid argument for option '-%c' -- \"%s\"",
+ c, optarg);
+ result = false;
+ }
+ break;
+ case 'C':
+ try {
+ opt::comm_cost = cost_func(optarg);
+ } catch (...) {
+ XBT_ERROR("invalid argument for option '-%c' -- \"%s\"",
+ c, optarg);
+ result = false;
+ }
+ break;
+ case 'd':
+ PARSE_ARG(opt::comp_iter_delay);
+ break;
+ case 'D':
+ PARSE_ARG(opt::comp_time_delay);
break;
case 'e':
- opt::exit_on_close = true;
+ opt::exit_on_close = !opt::exit_on_close;
+ break;
+ case 'E':
+ opt::egocentric = !opt::egocentric;
break;
case 'h':
opt::help_requested++;
break;
- case 'c':
- opt::comp_cost = cost_func(optarg);
+ case 'i':
+ PARSE_ARG(opt::lb_maxiter);
break;
- case 'C':
- opt::comm_cost = cost_func(optarg);
+ case 'k':
+ PARSE_ARG(opt::loba_best_divisor);
break;
- case 'i':
- std::istringstream(optarg) >> opt::maxiter;
+ case 'I':
+ PARSE_ARG(opt::comp_maxiter);
break;
case 'l':
- std::istringstream(optarg) >> opt::log_rate;
+ PARSE_ARG(opt::log_rate);
break;
case 'L':
- std::istringstream(optarg) >> opt::auto_depl::load;
+ PARSE_ARG(opt::auto_depl::load);
+ break;
+ case 'm':
+ PARSE_ARG(opt::min_transfer_amount);
+ break;
+ case 'M':
+ PARSE_ARG(opt::max_transfer_amount);
break;
case 'N':
- std::istringstream(optarg) >> opt::auto_depl::nhosts;
+ PARSE_ARG(opt::auto_depl::nhosts);
+ break;
+ case 'r':
+ PARSE_ARG(opt::auto_depl::random_seed);
+ break;
+ case 'R':
+ opt::auto_depl::random_distribution =
+ !opt::auto_depl::random_distribution;
+ break;
+ case 's':
+ PARSE_ARG(opt::min_lb_iter_duration);
+ break;
+ case 'S':
+ PARSE_ARG(opt::min_comp_iter_duration);
+ break;
+ case 't':
+ PARSE_ARG(opt::time_limit);
break;
case 'T':
opt::auto_depl::topology = optarg;
- result = nol_find_prefix(opt::topologies, "topology",
- opt::auto_depl::topology);
+ result = opt_helper::nol_find_prefix(opt::topologies, "topology",
+ opt::auto_depl::topology)
+ && result;
break;
case 'v':
// nothing to do: this option is checked at the very
case 'V':
opt::version_requested = true;
break;
+ case 'x':
+ PARSE_ARG(opt::option_x);
+ XBT_WARN("option_x set to %d", opt::option_x);
+ break;
+ case 'X':
+ PARSE_ARG(opt::option_X);
+ XBT_WARN("option_X set to %g", opt::option_X);
+ break;
+ case 'Z':
+ opt::integer_transfer = !opt::integer_transfer;
+ break;
case '?':
- ERROR1("invalid option -- '%c'", optopt);
+ XBT_ERROR("invalid option -- '%c'", optopt);
result = false;
break;
}
}
+#undef PARSE_ARG
+
+ if (opt::option_x) { // FIXME: remove this one day...
+ opt::loba_best_divisor = opt::option_x;
+ XBT_WARN("divisor for algorithms *best* set from option -x (%d => %u),"
+ " use -k instead",
+ opt::option_x, opt::loba_best_divisor);
+ }
+
if (opt::version_requested || opt::help_requested)
return 1;
if (optind < *argc) {
opt::platform_file = argv[optind++];
} else {
-
ERROR0("missing parameter -- <plaform_file>");
+
XBT_ERROR("missing parameter -- <plaform_file>");
result = false;
}
if (optind < *argc) {
opt::auto_depl::enabled = opt::deployment_file.empty();
while (optind < *argc) {
- ERROR1("unused parameter -- \"%s\"", argv[optind++]);
+ XBT_ERROR("unused parameter -- \"%s\"", argv[optind++]);
result = false;
}
- return result;
-}
-
-namespace {
-
- // some helper functions for opt::print()
-
- const char* on_off(bool b)
- {
- return b ? "on" : "off";
+ if (opt::max_transfer_amount &&
+ opt::max_transfer_amount < opt::min_transfer_amount) {
+ XBT_ERROR("max. data transfer amount (%g) <"
+ " min. data transfer amount (%g)",
+ opt::max_transfer_amount, opt::min_transfer_amount);
+ result = false;
}
- template <typename T>
- const char* val_or_string(const T& val, const char* str, const T& deflt = 0)
- {
- static std::string res;
- if (val != deflt) {
- std::ostringstream oss;
- oss << val;
- res = oss.str();
- } else {
- res = str;
- }
- return res.c_str();
+ if (opt::loba_best_divisor <= 0) {
+ XBT_ERROR("divisor for algorithms *best* (%u) should be positive",
+ opt::loba_best_divisor);
+ result = false;
}
-} // namespace
+ if (!opt::auto_depl::random_seed)
+ opt::auto_depl::random_seed = time(NULL);
+
+ return result;
+}
void opt::print()
{
- INFO0(",----[ Simulation parameters ]");
- INFO1("| log rate.....................: %s",
- val_or_string(opt::log_rate, "disabled"));
- INFO1("| platform file................: \"%s\"", opt::platform_file.c_str());
- if (opt::auto_depl::enabled) {
- INFO0("| automatic deployment enabled");
- INFO1("| - topology...................: %s", opt::auto_depl::topology.c_str());
- INFO1("| - number of hosts............: %s",
- val_or_string(opt::auto_depl::nhosts, "auto"));
- INFO1("| - initial load...............: %s",
- val_or_string(opt::auto_depl::load, "auto"));
+ opt_helper h;
+
+#define DESCR(description, format, value) \
+ XBT_INFO("| %s: " format, h.descr(description), value)
+
+ XBT_INFO(",----[ Simulation parameters ]");
+ DESCR("log rate", "%s", h.val_or_string(log_rate, "disabled"));
+ DESCR("platform file", "\"%s\"", platform_file.c_str());
+ if (auto_depl::enabled) {
+ XBT_INFO("| automatic deployment enabled");
+ DESCR("- topology", "%s", auto_depl::topology.c_str());
+ DESCR("- number of hosts", "%s", h.val_or_string(auto_depl::nhosts,
+ "auto"));
+ if (auto_depl::load < 0.0)
+ DESCR("- initial load (average)", "%g", -auto_depl::load);
+ else
+ DESCR("- initial load (total)", "%g", auto_depl::load);
+ DESCR("- random initial load distribution", "%s",
+ h.on_off(auto_depl::random_distribution));
+ DESCR("- random seed", "%s", // NOTE: cannot be 0 here anymore
+ h.val_or_string(auto_depl::random_seed, "constant random", 1UL));
} else {
- INFO1("| deployment file..............: \"%s\"", opt::deployment_file.c_str());
+ DESCR("deployment file", "\"%s\"", deployment_file.c_str());
}
- INFO1("| load balancing algorithm.....: %s", opt::loba_algo.c_str());
- INFO1("| bookkeeping..................: %s", on_off(opt::bookkeeping));
- INFO1("| computation cost factors.....: [%s]", opt::comp_cost.to_string().c_str());
- INFO1("| communication cost factors...: [%s]", opt::comm_cost.to_string().c_str());
- INFO1("| maximum number of iterations.: %s",
- val_or_string(opt::maxiter, "infinity"));
- INFO1("| exit on close................: %s", on_off(opt::exit_on_close));
- INFO0("`----");
+ DESCR("load balancing algorithm", "%s", loba_algo.c_str());
+ DESCR("bookkeeping", "%s", h.on_off(bookkeeping));
+ DESCR("egocentric mode", "%s", h.on_off(egocentric));
+ DESCR("computation cost factors", "[%s]", comp_cost.to_string().c_str());
+ DESCR("communication cost factors", "[%s]", comm_cost.to_string().c_str());
+ DESCR("minimum data transfer amount", "%g", min_transfer_amount);
+ DESCR("maximum data transfer amount", "%s",
+ h.val_or_string(max_transfer_amount, "no limit"));
+ DESCR("only transfer integer data shares", "%s",
+ h.on_off(integer_transfer));
+ DESCR("divisor for algorithms *best*", "%u", loba_best_divisor);
+ DESCR("minimum duration between lb. iterations", "%g",
+ min_lb_iter_duration);
+ DESCR("minimum duration between comp. iterations", "%g",
+ min_comp_iter_duration);
+ DESCR("computations start after lb. iter", "%u", comp_iter_delay);
+ DESCR("computations start after time", "%g", comp_time_delay);
+ DESCR("maximum number of lb. iterations", "%s",
+ h.val_or_string(lb_maxiter, "no limit"));
+ DESCR("maximum number of comp. iterations", "%s",
+ h.val_or_string(comp_maxiter, "no limit"));
+ DESCR("convergence is assumed within (\%)", "%g", opt::avg_load_ratio);
+ DESCR("time limit", "%s", h.val_or_string(time_limit, "no limit"));
+ DESCR("exit on close", "%s", h.on_off(exit_on_close));
+ XBT_INFO("`----");
+
+#undef DESCR
}
void opt::usage()
std::clog << "Usage: " << opt::program_name
<< " [options] <platform_file> [<deployment_file>]\n";
+ std::clog << "Current values for the parameters are given between square brackets.\n";
- std::clog << "\nGlobal options\n";
+ std::clog << "\nGlobal options:\n";
std::clog << o("-h")
<< "print help and exit (use -hh or -hhh for extended help)\n";
if (opt::help_requested < 1)
std::clog << o("--help") << "print help from SimGrid framework and exit\n";
std::clog << o("-V") << "print version and exit\n";
- std::clog << "\nSimulation parameters\n";
+ std::clog << "\nSimulator output:\n";
std::clog << o("-l value")
- << "print current load every n-th iterations, 0 to disable"
- << " (" << opt::log_rate << ")\n";
+ << "print current load every n lb iterations, 0 to disable"
+ << " [" << opt::log_rate << "]\n";
std::clog << o("-v")
<< "verbose: do not override the default logging parameters\n";
- std::clog << "\nAutomatic deployment options\n";
+ std::clog << "\nAutomatic deployment:\n";
std::clog << o("-T name")
<< "enable automatic deployment with selected topology"
- << " (" << opt::auto_depl::topology << ")\n";
+ << " [" << opt::auto_depl::topology << "]\n";
if (opt::help_requested > 1)
so_list(opt::topologies);
std::clog << o("-L value")
- << "total load with auto deployment, 0 for number of hosts"
- << " (" << opt::auto_depl::load << ")\n";
+ << "total load with auto deployment, average if negative"
+ << " [" << opt::auto_depl::load << "]\n";
std::clog << o("-N value")
- << "number of hosts to use with auto deployment,"
- << " 0 for max. (" << opt::auto_depl::nhosts << ")\n";
+ << "number of hosts to use with auto deployment, 0 for max."
+ << " [" << opt::auto_depl::nhosts << "]\n";
+ std::clog << o("-R")
+ << "toggle random initial load distribution"
+ << " [" << opt_helper::on_off(opt::auto_depl::random_distribution)
+ << "]\n";
+ std::clog << o("-r value")
+ << "random seed for initial load distribution, or 0, or 1"
+ << " [" << opt::auto_depl::random_seed << "]\n";
+ if (opt::help_requested > 1)
+ std::clog << o("") << "- use 0 for a seed based on current date\n"
+ << o("") << "- use 1 for a constant random\n";
- std::clog << "\nLoad balancing algorithm\n";
+ std::clog << "\nLoad balancing algorithm:\n";
std::clog << o("-a name") << "load balancing algorithm"
- << " (" << opt::loba_algo << ")\n";
+ << " [" << opt::loba_algo << "]\n";
if (opt::help_requested > 1)
so_list(opt::loba_algorithms);
- std::clog << o("-b") << "enable bookkeeping\n";
-
- std::clog << "\nApplication parameters\n";
- std::clog << o("-c [fn,...]f0")
+ std::clog << o("-b") << "toggle bookkeeping (\"virtual load\")"
+ << " [" << opt_helper::on_off(opt::bookkeeping) << "]\n";
+ std::clog << o("-E") << "toggle egocentric mode when bookkeeping"
+ << " [" << opt_helper::on_off(opt::egocentric) << "]\n";
+ if (opt::help_requested > 1)
+ std::clog << o("")
+ << "(a not so good idea introduced by git commit f5336c5)\n";
+ std::clog << o("-k value") << "divisor for algorithms *best*"
+ << " [" << opt::loba_best_divisor << "]\n";
+
+ std::clog << "\nLb. and comp. iterations:\n";
+ std::clog << o("-s value")
+ << "minimum duration between lb. iterations"
+ << " [" << opt::min_lb_iter_duration << "]\n";
+ std::clog << o("-S value")
+ << "minimum duration between comp. iterations"
+ << " [" << opt::min_comp_iter_duration << "]\n";
+ std::clog << o("-d value")
+ << "start comp. iterations after given number of lb. iter."
+ << " [" << opt::comp_iter_delay << "]\n";
+ std::clog << o("-D value")
+ << "start comp. iterations after given time"
+ << " [" << opt::comp_time_delay << "]\n";
+
+ std::clog << "\nComputations and communications:\n";
+ std::clog << o("-c [aN,...]a0")
<< "polynomial factors for computation cost"
- << " (" << opt::comp_cost.to_string() << ")\n";
- std::clog << o("-C [fn,...]f0")
+ << " [" << opt::comp_cost.to_string() << "]\n";
+ std::clog << o("-C [aN,...]a0")
<< "polynomial factors for communication cost"
- << " (" << opt::comm_cost.to_string() << ")\n";
- std::clog << o("-e") << "exit on reception of \"close\" message\n";
+ << " [" << opt::comm_cost.to_string() << "]\n";
+ std::clog << o("-m value")
+ << "minimum data transfer amount"
+ << " [" << opt::min_transfer_amount << "]\n";
+ std::clog << o("-M value")
+ << "maximum data transfer amount, 0 for no limit"
+ << " [" << opt::max_transfer_amount << "]\n";
+ std::clog << o("-Z")
+ << "toggle transfer of integer data shares only"
+ << " [" << opt_helper::on_off(opt::integer_transfer) << "]\n";
+
+ std::clog << "\nEnd of the simulation:\n";
std::clog << o("-i value")
- << "maximum number of iterations, 0 for infinity"
- << " (" << opt::maxiter << ")\n";
+ << "maximum number of lb. iterations, 0 for no limit"
+ << " [" << opt::lb_maxiter << "]\n";
+ std::clog << o("-I value")
+ << "maximum number of comp. iterations, 0 for no limit"
+ << " [" << opt::comp_maxiter << "]\n";
+ std::clog << o("-% value")
+ << "percent of the load average to assume the convergence"
+ << " [" << opt::avg_load_ratio << "]\n";
+ std::clog << o("-t value")
+ << "time limit (simulated time), 0 for no limit"
+ << " [" << opt::time_limit << "]\n";
+ std::clog << o("-e") << "toggle exit on reception of \"close\" message"
+ << " [" << opt_helper::on_off(opt::exit_on_close) << "]\n";
if (opt::help_requested < 3)
return;
- std::clog << "\nLogging support\n"
+ std::clog << "\nHidden options:\n";
+ std::clog << o("-x value") << "value is an integer"
+ << " [" << opt::option_x << "]\n";
+ std::clog << o("-X value") << "value is a real number"
+ << " [" << opt::option_X << "]\n";
+
+ std::clog << "\nLogging support:\n"
<< " See SimGrid documentation on:\n"
<< " http://simgrid.gforge.inria.fr/doc/group__XBT__log.html#log_user\n"
<< " Existing categories are:\n"
<< " depl : messages from auto deployment (inherited from main)\n"
<< " comm : messages from asynchronous pipes\n"
<< " proc : messages from base process class\n"
- << " loba : messages from load-balancer\n";
+ << " loba : messages from load-balancer\n"
+ << " thrd : messages from thread wrapper class\n";
+
+ // std::clog << "\nMiscellaneous low-level parameters\n";
#undef so_list
#undef so
