Section~\ref{sec.optim} details the proposed frequencies selecting algorithm.
Section~\ref{sec.expe} presents the results of applying the algorithm on the
NAS parallel benchmarks and executing them on the grid'5000 testbed.
-%It shows the results of running different scenarios using multi-cores and one core per node and comparing them.
-It also evaluates the algorithm over three different power scenarios. Moreover, it shows the
+It also evaluates the algorithm over multi-cores per node architectures and over three different power scenarios. Moreover, it shows the
comparison results between the proposed method and an existing method. Finally,
in Section~\ref{sec.concl} the paper ends with a summary and some future works.
-
\section{Related works}
\label{sec.relwork}
Name & model & Freq. & Freq. & Freq. & per CPU & of one core \\
& & GHz & GHz & GHz & & \\
\hline
- Taurus & Intel & 2.3 & 1.2 & 0.1 & 6 & \np[W]{35} \\
- & Xeon & & & & & \\
+ & Intel & 2.3 & 1.2 & 0.1 & 6 & \np[W]{35} \\
+ Taurus & Xeon & & & & & \\
& E5-2630 & & & & & \\
\hline
- Graphene & Intel & 2.53 & 1.2 & 0.133 & 4 & \np[W]{23} \\
- & Xeon & & & & & \\
+ & Intel & 2.53 & 1.2 & 0.133 & 4 & \np[W]{23} \\
+ Graphene & Xeon & & & & & \\
& X3440 & & & & & \\
\hline
- Griffon & Intel & 2.5 & 2 & 0.5 & 4 & \np[W]{46} \\
- & Xeon & & & & & \\
+ & Intel & 2.5 & 2 & 0.5 & 4 & \np[W]{46} \\
+ Griffon & Xeon & & & & & \\
& L5420 & & & & & \\
\hline
- Graphite & Intel & 2 & 1.2 & 0.1 & 8 & \np[W]{35} \\
- & Xeon & & & & & \\
+ & Intel & 2 & 1.2 & 0.1 & 8 & \np[W]{35} \\
+ Graphite & Xeon & & & & & \\
& E5-2650 & & & & & \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\centering
\subfloat[The energy consumption by the nodes wile executing the NAS benchmarks over different scenarios
]{%
- \includegraphics[width=.4\textwidth]{fig/eng_con_scenarios.eps}\label{fig:eng_sen}} \hspace{1cm}%
+ \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{fig/eng_con_scenarios.eps}\label{fig:eng_sen}} \hspace{0.4cm}%
\subfloat[The execution times of the NAS benchmarks over different scenarios]{%
- \includegraphics[width=.4\textwidth]{fig/time_scenarios.eps}\label{fig:time_sen}}
+ \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{fig/time_scenarios.eps}\label{fig:time_sen}}
\label{fig:exp-time-energy}
\caption{The energy consumption and execution time of NAS Benchmarks over different scenarios}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\subfloat[The energy reduction while executing the NAS benchmarks over different scenarios ]{%
- \includegraphics[width=.4\textwidth]{fig/eng_s.eps}\label{fig:eng_s}} \hspace{2cm}%
+ \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{fig/eng_s.eps}\label{fig:eng_s}} \hspace{0.4cm}%
\subfloat[The performance degradation of the NAS benchmarks over different scenarios]{%
- \includegraphics[width=.4\textwidth]{fig/per_d.eps}\label{fig:per_d}}\hspace{2cm}%
+ \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{fig/per_d.eps}\label{fig:per_d}}\hspace{0.4cm}%
\subfloat[The tradeoff distance between the energy reduction and the performance of the NAS benchmarks
over different scenarios]{%
- \includegraphics[width=.4\textwidth]{fig/dist.eps}\label{fig:dist}}
+ \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{fig/dist.eps}\label{fig:dist}}
\label{fig:exp-res}
\caption{The experimental results of different scenarios}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\subfloat[Comparing the execution times of running NAS benchmarks over one core and multicores scenarios]{%
- \includegraphics[width=.4\textwidth]{fig/time.eps}\label{fig:time-mc}} \hspace{1cm}%
+ \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{fig/time.eps}\label{fig:time-mc}} \hspace{0.4cm}%
\subfloat[Comparing the energy consumptions of running NAS benchmarks over one core and multi-cores scenarios]{%
- \includegraphics[width=.4\textwidth]{fig/eng_con.eps}\label{fig:eng-cons-mc}}
+ \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{fig/eng_con.eps}\label{fig:eng-cons-mc}}
\label{fig:eng-cons}
\caption{The energy consumptions and execution times of NAS benchmarks over one core and multi-cores per node architectures}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\subfloat[The energy saving of running NAS benchmarks over one core and multicores scenarios]{%
- \includegraphics[width=.4\textwidth]{fig/eng_s_mc.eps}\label{fig:eng-s-mc}} \hspace{2cm}%
+ \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{fig/eng_s_mc.eps}\label{fig:eng-s-mc}} \hspace{0.4cm}%
\subfloat[The performance degradation of running NAS benchmarks over one core and multicores scenarios
]{%
- \includegraphics[width=.4\textwidth]{fig/per_d_mc.eps}\label{fig:per-d-mc}}\hspace{2cm}%
+ \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{fig/per_d_mc.eps}\label{fig:per-d-mc}}\hspace{0.4cm}%
\subfloat[The tradeoff distance of running NAS benchmarks over one core and multicores scenarios]{%
- \includegraphics[width=.4\textwidth]{fig/dist_mc.eps}\label{fig:dist-mc}}
+ \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{fig/dist_mc.eps}\label{fig:dist-mc}}
\label{fig:exp-res}
\caption{The experimental results of one core and multi-cores scenarios}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\subfloat[The energy saving percentages for the nodes executing the NAS benchmarks over the three power scenarios]{%
- \includegraphics[width=.4\textwidth]{fig/eng_pow.eps}\label{fig:eng-pow}} \hspace{2cm}%
+ \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{fig/eng_pow.eps}\label{fig:eng-pow}} \hspace{0.4cm}%
\subfloat[The performance degradation percentages for the NAS benchmarks over the three power scenarios]{%
- \includegraphics[width=.4\textwidth]{fig/per_pow.eps}\label{fig:per-pow}}\hspace{2cm}%
+ \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{fig/per_pow.eps}\label{fig:per-pow}}\hspace{0.4cm}%
\subfloat[The tradeoff distance between the energy reduction and the performance of the NAS benchmarks over the three power scenarios]{%
- \includegraphics[width=.4\textwidth]{fig/dist_pow.eps}\label{fig:dist-pow}}
+ \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{fig/dist_pow.eps}\label{fig:dist-pow}}
\label{fig:exp-pow}
\caption{The experimental results of different static power scenarios}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\subfloat[The energy reduction induced by the Maxdist method and the EDP method]{%
- \includegraphics[width=.4\textwidth]{fig/edp_eng}\label{fig:edp-eng}} \hspace{2cm}%
+ \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{fig/edp_eng}\label{fig:edp-eng}} \hspace{0.4cm}%
\subfloat[The performance degradation induced by the Maxdist method and the EDP method]{%
- \includegraphics[width=.4\textwidth]{fig/edp_per}\label{fig:edp-perf}}\hspace{2cm}%
+ \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{fig/edp_per}\label{fig:edp-perf}}\hspace{0.4cm}%
\subfloat[The tradeoff distance between the energy consumption reduction and the performance for the Maxdist method and the EDP method]{%
- \includegraphics[width=.4\textwidth]{fig/edp_dist}\label{fig:edp-dist}}
+ \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{fig/edp_dist}\label{fig:edp-dist}}
\label{fig:edp-comparison}
\caption{The comparison results}
\end{figure}
NAS parallel benchmarks and the class D instance was executed over the grid'5000 testbed platform.
The experimental results showed that the algorithm reduces on average 30\% of the energy consumption
for all the NAS benchmarks while only degrading by 3.2\% on average the performance.
-The Maxdist algorithm was also evaluated in different scenarios that vary in the distribution of the computing nodes between different clusters' sites or between using one core and multi-cores per node or in the values of the consumed static power. The algorithm selects different vector of frequencies according to the
+The Maxdist algorithm was also evaluated in different scenarios that vary in the distribution of the computing nodes between different clusters' sites or use multi-cores per node architecture or consume different static power values. The algorithm selects different vector of frequencies according to the
computations and communication times ratios, and the values of the static and measured dynamic powers of the CPUs.
Finally, the proposed algorithm was compared to another method that uses
the well known energy and delay product as an objective function. The comparison results showed
Mr. Ahmed Fanfakh, would like to thank the University of Babylon (Iraq) for
supporting his work.
-\section*{References}
+%\section*{References}
\bibliography{my_reference}
\end{document}
