X-Git-Url: https://bilbo.iut-bm.univ-fcomte.fr/and/gitweb/mpi-energy2.git/blobdiff_plain/3d2e5df308624df6df07bd686fe741155c3a952b..2457bc79b2e872cd82b05ecf6b8a290c614cf43f:/Heter_paper.tex?ds=sidebyside diff --git a/Heter_paper.tex b/Heter_paper.tex index 0491692..db8a304 100644 --- a/Heter_paper.tex +++ b/Heter_paper.tex @@ -210,14 +210,14 @@ The work presented in this paper concerns the second type of platform, with heterogeneous CPUs. Many methods were conceived to reduce the energy consumption of this type of platform. Naveen et al.~\cite{Naveen_Power.Efficient.Resource.Scaling} developed a method that -minimizes the value of $energy\cdot delay^2$ (the delay is the sum of slack -times that happen during synchronous communications) by dynamically assigning -new frequencies to the CPUs of the heterogeneous cluster. Lizhe et -al.~\cite{Lizhe_Energy.aware.parallel.task.scheduling} proposed an algorithm -that divides the executed tasks into two types: the critical and non critical -tasks. The algorithm scales down the frequency of non critical tasks -proportionally to their slack and communication times while limiting the -performance degradation percentage to less than +minimizes the value of $\mathit{energy}\times \mathit{delay}^2$ (the delay is +the sum of slack times that happen during synchronous communications) by +dynamically assigning new frequencies to the CPUs of the heterogeneous +cluster. Lizhe et al.~\cite{Lizhe_Energy.aware.parallel.task.scheduling} +proposed an algorithm that divides the executed tasks into two types: the +critical and non critical tasks. The algorithm scales down the frequency of non +critical tasks proportionally to their slack and communication times while +limiting the performance degradation percentage to less than 10\%. In~\cite{Joshi_Blackbox.prediction.of.impact.of.DVFS}, they developed a heterogeneous cluster composed of two types of Intel and AMD processors. They use a gradient method to predict the impact of DVFS operations on performance. @@ -648,7 +648,8 @@ maximum distance between the energy curve and the performance curve is while \State $F_i \gets F_i+\Fdiff_i,~i=1,\dots,N.$ \EndIf \State $\Told \gets max_{~i=1,\dots,N } (\Tcp_i+\Tcm_i)$ - \State $\Eoriginal \gets \sum_{i=1}^{N}{( \Pd_i \cdot \Tcp_i)} +\sum_{i=1}^{N} {(\Ps_i \cdot \Told)}$ + % \State $\Eoriginal \gets \sum_{i=1}^{N}{( \Pd_i \cdot \Tcp_i)} +\sum_{i=1}^{N} {(\Ps_i \cdot \Told)}$ + \State $\Eoriginal \gets \sum_{i=1}^{N}{( \Pd_i \cdot \Tcp_i + \Ps_i \cdot \Told)}$ \State $\Sopt_{i} \gets 1,~i=1,\dots,N. $ \State $\Dist \gets 0 $ \While {(all nodes not reach their minimum frequency)} @@ -657,7 +658,8 @@ maximum distance between the energy curve and the performance curve is while \State $S_i \gets \frac{\Fmax_i}{F_i},~i=1,\dots,N.$ \EndIf \State $\Tnew \gets max_\textit{~i=1,\dots,N} (\Tcp_{i} \cdot S_{i}) + \MinTcm $ - \State $\Ereduced \gets \sum_{i=1}^{N}{(S_i^{-2} \cdot \Pd_i \cdot \Tcp_i)} + \sum_{i=1}^{N} {(\Ps_i \cdot \rlap{\Tnew)}} $ +% \State $\Ereduced \gets \sum_{i=1}^{N}{(S_i^{-2} \cdot \Pd_i \cdot \Tcp_i)} + \sum_{i=1}^{N} {(\Ps_i \cdot \rlap{\Tnew)}} $ + \State $\Ereduced \gets \sum_{i=1}^{N}{(S_i^{-2} \cdot \Pd_i \cdot \Tcp_i + \Ps_i \cdot \rlap{\Tnew)}} $ \State $\Pnorm \gets \frac{\Told}{\Tnew}$ \State $\Enorm\gets \frac{\Ereduced}{\Eoriginal}$ \If{$(\Pnorm - \Enorm > \Dist)$} @@ -1137,6 +1139,24 @@ degradation. \label{table:res_s2} \end{table} +\begin{table}[!t] + \caption{Comparing the proposed algorithm} + \centering +\begin{tabular}{|*{7}{r|}} +\hline +Program & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{Energy saving \%} & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{Perf. degradation \%} & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{Distance} \\ \cline{2-7} +name & EDP & MaxDist & EDP & MaxDist & EDP & MaxDist \\ \hline +CG & 27.58 & 31.25 & 5.82 & 7.12 & 21.76 & 24.13 \\ \hline +MG & 29.49 & 33.78 & 3.74 & 6.41 & 25.75 & 27.37 \\ \hline +LU & 19.55 & 28.33 & 0.0 & 0.01 & 19.55 & 28.22 \\ \hline +EP & 28.40 & 27.04 & 4.29 & 0.49 & 24.11 & 26.55 \\ \hline +BT & 27.68 & 32.32 & 6.45 & 7.87 & 21.23 & 24.43 \\ \hline +SP & 20.52 & 24.73 & 5.21 & 2.78 & 15.31 & 21.95 \\ \hline +FT & 27.03 & 31.02 & 2.75 & 2.54 & 24.28 & 28.48 \\ \hline + +\end{tabular} +\label{table:compare_EDP} +\end{table} \begin{figure}[!t] \centering @@ -1149,16 +1169,31 @@ degradation. \caption{The comparison of the three power scenarios} \end{figure} - +\begin{figure}[!t] + \centering + \includegraphics[scale=0.5]{fig/compare_EDP.pdf} + \caption{Trade-off comparison for NAS benchmarks class C} + \label{fig:compare_EDP} +\end{figure} \subsection{The comparison of the proposed scaling algorithm } \label{sec.compare_EDP} -In this section, the scaling factors selection algorithm, called $\MaxDist$, -is compared to Spiliopoulos et al. algorithm \cite{Spiliopoulos_Green.governors.Adaptive.DVFS}, called EDP. -They developed a green governor that regularly applies an online frequency selecting algorithm to reduce the energy consumed by a multicore architecture without degrading much its performance. The algorithm selects the frequencies that minimize the energy and delay products, $EDP=Energy\cdot Delay$ using the predicted overall energy consumption and execution time delay for each frequency. -To fairly compare both algorithms, the same energy and execution time models, equations (\ref{eq:energy}) and (\ref{eq:fnew}), were used for both algorithms to predict the energy consumption and the execution times. Also Spiliopoulos et al. algorithm was adapted to start the search from the -initial frequencies computed using the equation (\ref{eq:Fint}). The resulting algorithm is an exhaustive search algorithm that minimizes the EDP and has the initial frequencies values as an upper bound. +In this section, the scaling factors selection algorithm, called MaxDist, is +compared to Spiliopoulos et al. algorithm +\cite{Spiliopoulos_Green.governors.Adaptive.DVFS}, called EDP. They developed a +green governor that regularly applies an online frequency selecting algorithm to +reduce the energy consumed by a multicore architecture without degrading much +its performance. The algorithm selects the frequencies that minimize the energy +and delay products, $\mathit{EDP}=\mathit{energy}\times \mathit{delay}$ using +the predicted overall energy consumption and execution time delay for each +frequency. To fairly compare both algorithms, the same energy and execution +time models, equations (\ref{eq:energy}) and (\ref{eq:fnew}), were used for both +algorithms to predict the energy consumption and the execution times. Also +Spiliopoulos et al. algorithm was adapted to start the search from the initial +frequencies computed using the equation (\ref{eq:Fint}). The resulting algorithm +is an exhaustive search algorithm that minimizes the EDP and has the initial +frequencies values as an upper bound. Both algorithms were applied to the parallel NAS benchmarks to compare their efficiency. Table~\ref{table:compare_EDP} presents the results of comparing the @@ -1176,39 +1211,6 @@ because it maximizes the distance between the energy saving and the performance degradation values while giving the same weight for both metrics. - - -\begin{table}[!t] - \caption{Comparing the proposed algorithm} - \centering -\begin{tabular}{|*{7}{r|}} -\hline -Program & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{Energy saving \%} & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{Perf. degradation \%} & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{Distance} \\ \cline{2-7} -name & EDP & MaxDist & EDP & MaxDist & EDP & MaxDist \\ \hline -CG & 27.58 & 31.25 & 5.82 & 7.12 & 21.76 & 24.13 \\ \hline -MG & 29.49 & 33.78 & 3.74 & 6.41 & 25.75 & 27.37 \\ \hline -LU & 19.55 & 28.33 & 0.0 & 0.01 & 19.55 & 28.22 \\ \hline -EP & 28.40 & 27.04 & 4.29 & 0.49 & 24.11 & 26.55 \\ \hline -BT & 27.68 & 32.32 & 6.45 & 7.87 & 21.23 & 24.43 \\ \hline -SP & 20.52 & 24.73 & 5.21 & 2.78 & 15.31 & 21.95 \\ \hline -FT & 27.03 & 31.02 & 2.75 & 2.54 & 24.28 & 28.48 \\ \hline - -\end{tabular} -\label{table:compare_EDP} -\end{table} - - - - - -\begin{figure}[!t] - \centering - \includegraphics[scale=0.5]{fig/compare_EDP.pdf} - \caption{Trade-off comparison for NAS benchmarks class C} - \label{fig:compare_EDP} -\end{figure} - - \section{Conclusion} \label{sec.concl} In this paper, a new online frequency selecting algorithm has been presented. It