+%%
+%% This is file `elsarticle-num.bst',
+%%
+%% Copyright 2007, 2008, 2009 Elsevier Ltd
+%%
+%% This file is part of the 'Elsarticle Bundle'.
+%% ---------------------------------------------
+%%
+%% It may be distributed under the conditions of the LaTeX Project Public
+%% License, either version 1.2 of this license or (at your option) any
+%% later version. The latest version of this license is in
+%% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+%% and version 1.2 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
+%% version 1999/12/01 or later.
+%%
+%% The list of all files belonging to the 'Elsarticle Bundle' is
+%% given in the file `manifest.txt'.
+%%
+%%
+%% $Id: elsarticle-num.bst 19 2009-12-17 07:07:52Z rishi $
+%%
+%%
+%% ----------------------------------------
+%%
+ENTRY
+ { address
+ author
+ booktitle
+ chapter
+ edition
+ editor
+ howpublished
+ institution
+ journal
+ key
+ month
+ note
+ number
+ organization
+ pages
+ publisher
+ school
+ series
+ title
+ type
+ volume
+ year
+ eprint % urlbst
+ doi % urlbst
+ url % urlbst
+ lastchecked % urlbst
+ }
+ {}
+ { label }
+
+INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }
+
+STRINGS { urlintro eprinturl eprintprefix doiprefix doiurl openinlinelink closeinlinelink } % urlbst...
+INTEGERS { hrefform inlinelinks makeinlinelink addeprints adddoiresolver }
+FUNCTION {init.urlbst.variables}
+{
+ "Available from: " 'urlintro := % prefix before URL
+ "http://arxiv.org/abs/" 'eprinturl := % prefix to make URL from eprint ref
+ "arXiv:" 'eprintprefix := % text prefix printed before eprint ref
+ "http://dx.doi.org/" 'doiurl := % prefix to make URL from DOI
+ "doi:" 'doiprefix := % text prefix printed before DOI ref
+ #1 'addeprints := % 0=no eprints; 1=include eprints
+ #1 'adddoiresolver := % 0=no DOI resolver; 1=include it
+ #2 'hrefform := % 0=no crossrefs; 1=hypertex xrefs; 2=hyperref refs
+ #1 'inlinelinks := % 0=URLs explicit; 1=URLs attached to titles
+ % the following are internal state variables, not config constants
+ #0 'makeinlinelink := % state variable managed by setup.inlinelink
+ "" 'openinlinelink := % ditto
+ "" 'closeinlinelink := % ditto
+}
+INTEGERS {
+ bracket.state
+ outside.brackets
+ open.brackets
+ within.brackets
+ close.brackets
+}
+FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
+{ #0 'outside.brackets := % urlbst
+ #1 'open.brackets :=
+ #2 'within.brackets :=
+ #3 'close.brackets :=
+
+ #0 'before.all :=
+ #1 'mid.sentence :=
+ #2 'after.sentence :=
+ #3 'after.block :=
+}
+
+STRINGS { s t }
+
+FUNCTION {output.nonnull.original}
+{ 's :=
+ output.state mid.sentence =
+ { ", " * write$ }
+ { output.state after.block =
+ { add.period$ write$
+ newline$
+ "\newblock " write$
+ }
+ { output.state before.all =
+ 'write$
+ { add.period$ " " * write$ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+ }
+ if$
+ s
+}
+
+FUNCTION {setup.inlinelink}
+{ makeinlinelink
+ { hrefform #1 = % hypertex
+ { "\special {html:<a href=" quote$ * url * quote$ * "> }{" * 'openinlinelink :=
+ "\special {html:</a>}" 'closeinlinelink :=
+ }
+ { hrefform #2 = % hyperref
+ { "\href{" url * "}{" * 'openinlinelink :=
+ "}" 'closeinlinelink :=
+ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$ % hrefform #2 =
+ }
+ if$ % hrefform #1 =
+ #0 'makeinlinelink :=
+ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$ % makeinlinelink
+}
+FUNCTION {add.inlinelink}
+{ openinlinelink empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { openinlinelink swap$ * closeinlinelink *
+ "" 'openinlinelink :=
+ }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
+{ % Save the thing we've been asked to output
+ 's :=
+ % If the bracket-state is close.brackets, then add a close-bracket to
+ % what is currently at the top of the stack, and set bracket.state
+ % to outside.brackets
+ bracket.state close.brackets =
+ { "]" *
+ outside.brackets 'bracket.state :=
+ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ bracket.state outside.brackets =
+ { % We're outside all brackets -- this is the normal situation.
+ % Write out what's currently at the top of the stack, using the
+ % original output.nonnull function.
+ s
+ add.inlinelink
+ output.nonnull.original % invoke the original output.nonnull
+ }
+ { % Still in brackets. Add open-bracket or (continuation) comma, add the
+ % new text (in s) to the top of the stack, and move to the close-brackets
+ % state, ready for next time (unless inbrackets resets it). If we come
+ % into this branch, then output.state is carefully undisturbed.
+ bracket.state open.brackets =
+ { " [" * }
+ { ", " * } % bracket.state will be within.brackets
+ if$
+ s *
+ close.brackets 'bracket.state :=
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inbrackets}
+{ bracket.state close.brackets =
+ { within.brackets 'bracket.state := } % reset the state: not open nor closed
+ { open.brackets 'bracket.state := }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.lastchecked}
+{ lastchecked empty$
+ { "" }
+ { inbrackets "cited " lastchecked * }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ 'pop$
+ 'output.nonnull
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.check}
+{ 't :=
+ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+ 'output.nonnull
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {fin.entry.original}
+{ add.period$
+ write$
+ newline$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block}
+{ output.state before.all =
+ 'skip$
+ { after.block 'output.state := }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.sentence}
+{ output.state after.block =
+ 'skip$
+ { output.state before.all =
+ 'skip$
+ { after.sentence 'output.state := }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {add.blank}
+{ " " * before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {date.block}
+{
+ add.blank
+}
+
+FUNCTION {not}
+{ { #0 }
+ { #1 }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {and}
+{ 'skip$
+ { pop$ #0 }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {or}
+{ { pop$ #1 }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block.checka}
+{ empty$
+ 'skip$
+ 'new.block
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
+{ empty$
+ swap$ empty$
+ and
+ 'skip$
+ 'new.block
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.sentence.checka}
+{ empty$
+ 'skip$
+ 'new.sentence
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.sentence.checkb}
+{ empty$
+ swap$ empty$
+ and
+ 'skip$
+ 'new.sentence
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {field.or.null}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "" }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {emphasize}
+{ skip$ }
+
+FUNCTION {capitalize}
+{ "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$ }
+
+FUNCTION {space.word}
+{ " " swap$ * " " * }
+
+ % Here are the language-specific definitions for explicit words.
+ % Each function has a name bbl.xxx where xxx is the English word.
+ % The language selected here is ENGLISH
+FUNCTION {bbl.and}
+{ "and"}
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.etal}
+{ "et~al." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.editors}
+{ "Eds." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.editor}
+{ "Ed." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.edby}
+{ "edited by" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.edition}
+{ "Edition" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.volume}
+{ "Vol." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.of}
+{ "of" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.number}
+{ "no." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.nr}
+{ "no." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.in}
+{ "in" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.pages}
+{ "pp." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.page}
+{ "p." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.chapter}
+{ "Ch." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.techrep}
+{ "Tech. Rep." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis}
+{ "Master's thesis" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis}
+{ "Ph.D. thesis" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.first}
+{ "1st" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.second}
+{ "2nd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.third}
+{ "3rd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.fourth}
+{ "4th" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.fifth}
+{ "5th" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.st}
+{ "st" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.nd}
+{ "nd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.rd}
+{ "rd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.th}
+{ "th" }
+
+MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}
+
+MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}
+
+MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}
+
+MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}
+
+MACRO {may} {"May"}
+
+MACRO {jun} {"Jun."}
+
+MACRO {jul} {"Jul."}
+
+MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}
+
+MACRO {sep} {"Sep."}
+
+MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}
+
+MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}
+
+MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}
+
+FUNCTION {eng.ord}
+{ duplicate$ "1" swap$ *
+ #-2 #1 substring$ "1" =
+ { bbl.th * }
+ { duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$
+ duplicate$ "1" =
+ { pop$ bbl.st * }
+ { duplicate$ "2" =
+ { pop$ bbl.nd * }
+ { "3" =
+ { bbl.rd * }
+ { bbl.th * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Comput. Surv."}
+
+MACRO {acta} {"Acta Inf."}
+
+MACRO {cacm} {"Commun. ACM"}
+
+MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM J. Res. Dev."}
+
+MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Syst.~J."}
+
+MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng."}
+
+MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Trans. Comput."}
+
+MACRO {ieeetcad}
+ {"IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Design Integrated Circuits"}
+
+MACRO {ipl} {"Inf. Process. Lett."}
+
+MACRO {jacm} {"J.~ACM"}
+
+MACRO {jcss} {"J.~Comput. Syst. Sci."}
+
+MACRO {scp} {"Sci. Comput. Programming"}
+
+MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM J. Comput."}
+
+MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Trans. Comput. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tods} {"ACM Trans. Database Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tog} {"ACM Trans. Gr."}
+
+MACRO {toms} {"ACM Trans. Math. Softw."}
+
+MACRO {toois} {"ACM Trans. Office Inf. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Trans. Prog. Lang. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tcs} {"Theoretical Comput. Sci."}
+
+FUNCTION {write.url}
+{ url empty$
+ { skip$ }
+ { "\newline\urlprefix\url{" url * "}" * write$ newline$ }
+ if$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }
+
+FUNCTION {format.names}
+{ 's :=
+ #1 'nameptr :=
+ s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+ numnames 'namesleft :=
+ { namesleft #0 > }
+ { s nameptr
+ "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$
+ 't :=
+ nameptr #1 >
+ {
+ namesleft #1 >
+ { ", " * t * }
+ {
+ "," *
+ s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
+ { 't := }
+ { pop$ }
+ if$
+ t "others" =
+ {
+ " " * bbl.etal *
+ }
+ { " " * t * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ 't
+ if$
+ nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+ namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+ }
+ while$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.names.ed}
+{ format.names }
+FUNCTION {format.authors}
+{ author empty$
+ { "" }
+ { author format.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.editors}
+{ editor empty$
+ { "" }
+ { editor format.names
+ editor num.names$ #1 >
+ { " (" * bbl.editors * ")" * }
+ { " (" * bbl.editor * ")" * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.in.editors}
+{ editor empty$
+ { "" }
+ { editor format.names.ed
+ editor num.names$ #1 >
+ { " (" * bbl.editors * ")" * }
+ { " (" * bbl.editor * ")" * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.note}
+{
+ note empty$
+ { "" }
+ { note #1 #1 substring$
+ duplicate$ "{" =
+ 'skip$
+ { output.state mid.sentence =
+ { "l" }
+ { "u" }
+ if$
+ change.case$
+ }
+ if$
+ note #2 global.max$ substring$ *
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.title}
+{ title empty$
+ { "" }
+ { title "t" change.case$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.bibitem.original}
+{ newline$
+ "\bibitem{" write$
+ cite$ write$
+ "}" write$
+ newline$
+ ""
+ before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {n.dashify}
+{
+ 't :=
+ ""
+ { t empty$ not }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
+ { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
+ { "--" *
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ }
+ { { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
+ { "-" *
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ }
+ while$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$ *
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {word.in}
+{ bbl.in
+ ":" *
+ " " * }
+
+FUNCTION {format.date}
+{ year empty$
+ { month empty$
+ { "" }
+ { "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$
+ month
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { month empty$
+ 'year
+ { month " " * year * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ duplicate$ empty$
+ 'skip$
+ {
+ before.all 'output.state :=
+ " (" swap$ * ")" *
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION{format.year}
+{ year duplicate$ empty$
+ { "empty year in " cite$ * warning$ pop$ "" }
+ { "(" swap$ * ")" * }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.btitle}
+{ title
+}
+
+FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
+{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
+ { "~" }
+ { " " }
+ if$
+ swap$ * *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {either.or.check}
+{ empty$
+ 'pop$
+ { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
+{ volume empty$
+ { "" }
+ { bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.connect
+ series empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { bbl.of space.word * series emphasize * }
+ if$
+ "volume and number" number either.or.check
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.number.series}
+{ volume empty$
+ { number empty$
+ { series field.or.null }
+ { output.state mid.sentence =
+ { bbl.number }
+ { bbl.number capitalize }
+ if$
+ number tie.or.space.connect
+ series empty$
+ { "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ { bbl.in space.word * series * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { "" }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {is.num}
+{ chr.to.int$
+ duplicate$ "0" chr.to.int$ < not
+ swap$ "9" chr.to.int$ > not and
+}
+
+FUNCTION {extract.num}
+{ duplicate$ 't :=
+ "" 's :=
+ { t empty$ not }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ duplicate$ is.num
+ { s swap$ * 's := }
+ { pop$ "" 't := }
+ if$
+ }
+ while$
+ s empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { pop$ s }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {convert.edition}
+{ edition extract.num "l" change.case$ 's :=
+ s "first" = s "1" = or
+ { bbl.first 't := }
+ { s "second" = s "2" = or
+ { bbl.second 't := }
+ { s "third" = s "3" = or
+ { bbl.third 't := }
+ { s "fourth" = s "4" = or
+ { bbl.fourth 't := }
+ { s "fifth" = s "5" = or
+ { bbl.fifth 't := }
+ { s #1 #1 substring$ is.num
+ { s eng.ord 't := }
+ { edition 't := }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ t
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.edition}
+{ edition empty$
+ { "" }
+ { output.state mid.sentence =
+ { convert.edition "l" change.case$ " " * bbl.edition * }
+ { convert.edition "t" change.case$ " " * bbl.edition * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { multiresult }
+
+FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
+{ 't :=
+ #0 'multiresult :=
+ { multiresult not
+ t empty$ not
+ and
+ }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$
+ duplicate$ "-" =
+ swap$ duplicate$ "," =
+ swap$ "+" =
+ or or
+ { #1 'multiresult := }
+ { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
+ if$
+ }
+ while$
+ multiresult
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.pages}
+{ pages empty$
+ { "" }
+ { pages multi.page.check
+ { bbl.pages pages n.dashify tie.or.space.connect }
+ { bbl.page pages tie.or.space.connect }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.journal.pages}
+{ pages empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ format.pages }
+ {
+ " " *
+ format.year * " " *
+ pages n.dashify *
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
+{
+ % volume field.or.null
+ " "
+ volume empty$
+ { pop$ "" }
+ { volume * }
+ if$
+ number empty$
+ 'skip$
+ {
+ "~(" number * ")" * *
+ volume empty$
+ { "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
+{ chapter empty$
+ { "" }
+ { type empty$
+ { bbl.chapter }
+ { type "l" change.case$ }
+ if$
+ chapter tie.or.space.connect
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
+{ booktitle empty$
+ { "" }
+ { editor empty$
+ { word.in booktitle * }
+ { word.in format.in.editors * ", " *
+ booktitle * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {empty.misc.check}
+{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$
+ month empty$ year empty$ note empty$
+ and and and and and
+ { "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
+{ type empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { pop$
+ type "t" change.case$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
+{ type empty$
+ { bbl.techrep }
+ 'type
+ if$
+ number empty$
+ { "t" change.case$ }
+ { number tie.or.space.connect }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
+{
+ key empty$
+ { journal empty$
+ { "need key or journal for " cite$ * " to crossref " * crossref *
+ warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { word.in journal emphasize * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { word.in key * " " *}
+ if$
+ " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.crossref.editor}
+{ editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+ editor num.names$ duplicate$
+ #2 >
+ { pop$
+ " " * bbl.etal *
+ }
+ { #2 <
+ 'skip$
+ { editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
+ {
+ " " * bbl.etal *
+ }
+ { bbl.and space.word * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+ * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
+{ volume empty$
+ { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
+ word.in
+ }
+ { bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.connect
+ bbl.of space.word *
+ }
+ if$
+ editor empty$
+ editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
+ or
+ { key empty$
+ { series empty$
+ { "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
+ crossref * warning$
+ "" *
+ }
+ { series emphasize * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { key * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { format.crossref.editor * }
+ if$
+ " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
+{
+ editor empty$
+ editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
+ or
+ { key empty$
+ { booktitle empty$
+ { "need editor, key, or booktitle for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
+ crossref * warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { word.in booktitle * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { word.in key * " " *}
+ if$
+ }
+ { word.in format.crossref.editor * " " *}
+ if$
+ " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.org.or.pub}
+{ 't :=
+ ""
+ year empty$
+ { "empty year in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ address empty$ t empty$ and
+ year empty$ and
+ 'skip$
+ {
+ t empty$
+ { address empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { address * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { t *
+ address empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { ", " * address * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ year empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { t empty$ address empty$ and
+ 'skip$
+ { ", " * }
+ if$
+ year *
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.publisher.address}
+{ publisher empty$
+ { "empty publisher in " cite$ * warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { publisher }
+ if$
+ format.org.or.pub
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.organization.address}
+{ organization empty$
+ { "" }
+ { organization }
+ if$
+ format.org.or.pub
+}
+
+FUNCTION {make.href.null}
+{
+ pop$
+}
+FUNCTION {make.href.hypertex}
+{
+ "\special {html:<a href=" quote$ *
+ swap$ * quote$ * "> }" * swap$ *
+ "\special {html:</a>}" *
+}
+FUNCTION {make.href.hyperref}
+{
+ "\href {" swap$ * "} {\path{" * swap$ * "}}" *
+}
+FUNCTION {make.href}
+{ hrefform #2 =
+ 'make.href.hyperref % hrefform = 2
+ { hrefform #1 =
+ 'make.href.hypertex % hrefform = 1
+ 'make.href.null % hrefform = 0 (or anything else)
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.url}
+{ inlinelinks #1 = url empty$ or
+ { "" }
+ { hrefform #1 =
+ { % special case -- add HyperTeX specials
+ urlintro "\url{" url * "}" * url make.href.hypertex * }
+ { urlintro "\url{" * url * "}" * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.eprint}
+{ eprint empty$
+ { "" }
+ { eprintprefix eprint * eprinturl eprint * make.href }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.doi}
+{ doi empty$
+ { "" }
+ { doiprefix doi * doiurl doi * make.href }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.url}
+{ url empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { new.block
+ format.url output
+ format.lastchecked output
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.web.refs}
+{
+ new.block
+ output.url
+ addeprints eprint empty$ not and
+ { format.eprint output.nonnull }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ adddoiresolver doi empty$ not and
+ { format.doi output.nonnull }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
+{ outside.brackets 'bracket.state :=
+ output.bibitem.original
+ inlinelinks url empty$ not and
+ { #1 'makeinlinelink := }
+ { #0 'makeinlinelink := }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {fin.entry}
+{ output.web.refs % urlbst
+ makeinlinelink % ooops, it appears we didn't have a title for inlinelink
+ { setup.inlinelink % add some artificial link text here, as a fallback
+ "[link]" output.nonnull }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ bracket.state close.brackets = % urlbst
+ { "]" * }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ fin.entry.original
+}
+
+FUNCTION {webpage}
+{ output.bibitem
+ author empty$
+ { editor empty$
+ 'skip$ % author and editor both optional
+ { format.editors output.nonnull }
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor empty$
+ { format.authors output.nonnull }
+ { "can't use both author and editor fields in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ inbrackets "online" output
+ new.block
+ year empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { format.date "year" output.check }
+ if$
+ % We don't need to output the URL details ('lastchecked' and 'url'),
+ % because fin.entry does that for us, using output.web.refs. The only
+ % reason we would want to put them here is if we were to decide that
+ % they should go in front of the rather miscellaneous information in 'note'.
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {article}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ crossref missing$
+ { journal
+ "journal" output.check
+ % add.blank
+ before.all 'output.state :=
+ format.vol.num.pages output
+ }
+ { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
+ format.pages output
+ }
+ if$
+ format.journal.pages
+ format.note output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {book}
+{ output.bibitem
+ author empty$
+ { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+ }
+ { format.authors output.nonnull
+ crossref missing$
+ { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ crossref missing$
+ { format.edition output
+ format.bvolume output
+ format.number.series output
+ format.publisher.address output
+ }
+ {
+ format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+ }
+ if$
+ format.note output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {booklet}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors output
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ howpublished output
+ address output
+ format.note output
+ format.date output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inbook}
+{ output.bibitem
+ author empty$
+ { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+ }
+ { format.authors output.nonnull
+ crossref missing$
+ { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ crossref missing$
+ {
+ format.edition output
+ format.bvolume output
+ format.number.series output
+ format.publisher.address output
+ format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+ }
+ {
+ format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+ format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+ }
+ if$
+ format.pages "pages" output.check
+ format.note output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {incollection}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ crossref missing$
+ { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+ format.edition output
+ format.bvolume output
+ format.number.series output
+ format.publisher.address output
+ format.chapter.pages output
+ }
+ { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+ format.chapter.pages output
+ }
+ if$
+ format.pages "pages" output.check
+ format.note output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inproceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ crossref missing$
+ { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+ format.edition output
+ format.bvolume output
+ format.number.series output
+ publisher empty$
+ { format.organization.address output }
+ { organization output
+ format.publisher.address output
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+ }
+ if$
+ format.pages "pages" output.check
+ format.note output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }
+
+FUNCTION {manual}
+{ output.bibitem
+ author empty$
+ { organization empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { organization output.nonnull
+ address output
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { format.authors output.nonnull }
+ if$
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ author empty$
+ { organization empty$
+ {
+ address output
+ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ {
+ organization output
+ address output
+ }
+ if$
+ format.edition output
+ format.note output
+ format.date output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ bbl.mthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+ school "school" output.check
+ address output
+ format.note output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {misc}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors output
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+ format.title output
+ howpublished output
+ format.note output
+ format.date output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+ empty.misc.check
+}
+
+FUNCTION {phdthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ bbl.phdthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+ school "school" output.check
+ address output
+ format.note output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {proceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+ editor empty$
+ { organization output }
+ { format.editors output.nonnull }
+ if$
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ format.bvolume output
+ format.number.series output
+ editor empty$
+ { publisher empty$
+ 'skip$
+ {
+ format.publisher.address output
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { publisher empty$
+ {
+ format.organization.address output }
+ {
+ organization output
+ format.publisher.address output
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ format.note output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {techreport}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ format.tr.number output.nonnull
+ institution "institution" output.check
+ address output
+ format.note output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {unpublished}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ format.note "note" output.check
+ format.date output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }
+
+READ
+
+STRINGS { longest.label }
+
+INTEGERS { number.label longest.label.width }
+
+FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label}
+{ "" 'longest.label :=
+ #1 'number.label :=
+ #0 'longest.label.width :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {longest.label.pass}
+{ number.label int.to.str$ 'label :=
+ number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
+ label width$ longest.label.width >
+ { label 'longest.label :=
+ label width$ 'longest.label.width :=
+ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+}
+
+EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label}
+
+ITERATE {longest.label.pass}
+
+FUNCTION {begin.bib}
+{ preamble$ empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
+ if$
+ "\begin{thebibliography}{" longest.label * "}" *
+ write$ newline$
+ "\expandafter\ifx\csname url\endcsname\relax"
+ write$ newline$
+ " \def\url#1{\texttt{#1}}\fi"
+ write$ newline$
+ "\expandafter\ifx\csname urlprefix\endcsname\relax\def\urlprefix{URL }\fi"
+ write$ newline$
+ "\expandafter\ifx\csname href\endcsname\relax"
+ write$ newline$
+ " \def\href#1#2{#2} \def\path#1{#1}\fi"
+ write$ newline$
+}
+
+EXECUTE {begin.bib}
+
+EXECUTE {init.urlbst.variables}
+EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
+
+ITERATE {call.type$}
+
+FUNCTION {end.bib}
+{ newline$
+ "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
+}
+
+EXECUTE {end.bib}
+%% End of customized bst file
+%%
+%% End of file `elsarticle-num.bst'.
+
+
