Corrections introduction

[rce2015.git] / paper.tex

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+++ b/paper.tex
@@ -108,18 +108,19 @@ simulation tool before.
   
 \end{abstract}
 
   
 \end{abstract}
 

-\keywords{Algorithm; distributed; iterative; asynchronous; simulation; simgrid; performance}
+%\keywords{Algorithm; distributed; iterative; asynchronous; simulation; simgrid; performance}
+\keywords{Multisplitting algorithms, Synchronous and asynchronous iterations, SimGrid, Simulation}

 
 \maketitle
 
 \section{Introduction} 
 The use of multi-core architectures for solving large scientific problems seems to  become imperative  in  a  lot  of  cases. 
 
 \maketitle
 
 \section{Introduction} 
 The use of multi-core architectures for solving large scientific problems seems to  become imperative  in  a  lot  of  cases. 

-Whatever the scale of these architectures (distributed clusters, computational grids, embedded multi-core \ldots) they  are generally 
-well adapted to execute complexe parallel applications operating on a large amount of data.  Unfortunately,  users (industrials or scientists), 
+Whatever the scale of these architectures (distributed clusters, computational grids, embedded multi-core,~\ldots) they  are generally 
+well adapted to execute complex parallel applications operating on a large amount of data.  Unfortunately,  users (industrials or scientists), 

 who need such computational resources, may not have an easy access to such efficient architectures. The cost of using the platform and/or the cost of 
 who need such computational resources, may not have an easy access to such efficient architectures. The cost of using the platform and/or the cost of 

-testing and deploying an application are often very important.  So, in this context it is difficult to optimize a given application for a given 
+testing and deploying an application are often very important. So, in this context it is difficult to optimize a given application for a given 

 architecture. In this way and in order to reduce the access cost to these computing resources it seems very interesting to use a simulation environment. 
 architecture. In this way and in order to reduce the access cost to these computing resources it seems very interesting to use a simulation environment. 

-The advantages are numerous: development life cycle, code debugging, ability to obtain results quickly \ldots at the condition that the simulation results are in education with the real ones.
+The advantages are numerous: development life cycle, code debugging, ability to obtain results quickly,~\ldots at the condition that the simulation results are in education with the real ones.

 
 In this paper we focus on a class of highly efficient parallel algorithms called \emph{iterative algorithms}. The
 parallel scheme of iterative methods is quite simple. It generally involves the division of the problem
 
 In this paper we focus on a class of highly efficient parallel algorithms called \emph{iterative algorithms}. The
 parallel scheme of iterative methods is quite simple. It generally involves the division of the problem


@@ -127,34 +128,31 @@ into  several  \emph{blocks}  that  will  be  solved  in  parallel  on  multiple
 processing units.  Each processing unit has to
 compute an iteration, to send/receive some data dependencies to/from
 its neighbors and to iterate this process until the convergence of
 processing units.  Each processing unit has to
 compute an iteration, to send/receive some data dependencies to/from
 its neighbors and to iterate this process until the convergence of

-the method. Several well-known methods demonstrate the convergence of these algorithms~\cite{BT89,Bahi07}.
+the method. Several well-known methods demonstrate the convergence of these algorithms~\cite{BT89,bahi07}.

 In this processing mode a task cannot begin a new iteration while it
 has not received data dependencies from its neighbors. We say that the iteration computation follows a synchronous scheme.
 In the asynchronous scheme a task can compute a new iteration without having to
 wait for the data dependencies coming from its neighbors. Both
 communication and computations are asynchronous inducing that there is
 no more idle times, due to synchronizations, between two
 In this processing mode a task cannot begin a new iteration while it
 has not received data dependencies from its neighbors. We say that the iteration computation follows a synchronous scheme.
 In the asynchronous scheme a task can compute a new iteration without having to
 wait for the data dependencies coming from its neighbors. Both
 communication and computations are asynchronous inducing that there is
 no more idle times, due to synchronizations, between two

-iterations~\cite{bcvc06:ij}. This model presents some advantages and drawbacks that we detail in section 2 but even if the number of iterations required to converge is 
-generally  greater  than for the synchronous  case, it appears that the asynchronous  iterative scheme  can significantly  reduce  overall execution
-times by  suppressing idle  times due to  synchronizations~(see \cite{Bahi07} for more details).
+iterations~\cite{bcvc06:ij}. This model presents some advantages and drawbacks that we detail in section~\ref{sec:asynchro} but even if the number of iterations required to converge is generally  greater  than for the synchronous  case, it appears that the asynchronous  iterative scheme  can significantly  reduce  overall execution
+times by  suppressing idle  times due to  synchronizations~(see~\cite{bahi07} for more details).

 
 Nevertheless, in both cases (synchronous or asynchronous) it is very time consuming to find optimal configuration and deployment requirements 
 for a given application on a given multi-core architecture. Finding good resource allocations policies under varying CPU power, network speeds and 
 
 Nevertheless, in both cases (synchronous or asynchronous) it is very time consuming to find optimal configuration and deployment requirements 
 for a given application on a given multi-core architecture. Finding good resource allocations policies under varying CPU power, network speeds and 

-loads is very challenging and labor intensive.~\cite{Calheiros:2011:CTM:1951445.1951450}.   This problematic is even more difficult for the asynchronous scheme 
+loads is very challenging and labor intensive~\cite{Calheiros:2011:CTM:1951445.1951450}. This problematic is even more difficult for the asynchronous scheme 

 where variations of the parameters of the execution platform can lead to very different number of iterations required to converge and so to very different execution times.
 In this challenging context we think that the use of a simulation tool can greatly leverage the possibility of testing various platform scenarios.
 
 The main contribution of this paper is to show that the use of a simulation tool (i.e. the SimGrid toolkit~\cite{SimGrid}) in the context of real 
 where variations of the parameters of the execution platform can lead to very different number of iterations required to converge and so to very different execution times.
 In this challenging context we think that the use of a simulation tool can greatly leverage the possibility of testing various platform scenarios.
 
 The main contribution of this paper is to show that the use of a simulation tool (i.e. the SimGrid toolkit~\cite{SimGrid}) in the context of real 

-parallel applications (i.e. large linear system solver) can help developers to better tune their application for a given multi-core architecture.
-To show the validity of this approach we first compare the simulated execution of the multisplitting algorithm  with  the  GMRES   (Generalized   Minimal  Residual) solver
-\cite{ref1} in synchronous mode. The obtained results on different simulated multi-core architectures confirm the real results previously obtained on non simulated architectures. 
-We also confirm  the efficiency  of the  asynchronous  multisplitting algorithm  comparing to the synchronous  GMRES. In this way and with a simple computing architecture (a laptop) 
-SimGrid allows us to run a test campaign  of  a  real parallel iterative  applications on  different simulated multi-core architectures. 
+parallel applications (i.e. large linear system solvers) can help developers to better tune their application for a given multi-core architecture.
+To show the validity of this approach we first compare the simulated execution of the multisplitting algorithm  with  the  GMRES   (Generalized   Minimal  Residual) solver~\cite{saad86} in synchronous mode. The obtained results on different simulated multi-core architectures confirm the real results previously obtained on non simulated architectures. 
+We also confirm  the efficiency  of the  asynchronous  multisplitting algorithm  comparing to the synchronous  GMRES. In this way and with a simple computing architecture (a laptop) SimGrid allows us to run a test campaign  of  a  real parallel iterative  applications on  different simulated multi-core architectures. 

 To our knowledge, there is no related work on the large-scale multi-core simulation of a real synchronous and asynchronous iterative application.  
 
 To our knowledge, there is no related work on the large-scale multi-core simulation of a real synchronous and asynchronous iterative application.  
 

-This paper is organized as follows. Section 1 \ref{sec:synchro} presents the iteration model we use and more particularly the asynchronous scheme. 
-In section \ref{sec:simgrid} the SimGrid simulation toolkit is presented. Section \ref{sec:04} details the different solvers that we use. 
-Finally our experimental results are presented in section \ref{sec:expe} followed by some concluding remarks and perspectives.
+This paper is organized as follows. Section~\ref{sec:asynchro} presents the iteration model we use and more particularly the asynchronous scheme. 
+In section~\ref{sec:simgrid} the SimGrid simulation toolkit is presented. Section~\ref{sec:04} details the different solvers that we use. 
+Finally our experimental results are presented in section~\ref{sec:expe} followed by some concluding remarks and perspectives.

 
 
 \section{The asynchronous iteration model}
 
 
 \section{The asynchronous iteration model}