X-Git-Url: https://bilbo.iut-bm.univ-fcomte.fr/and/gitweb/rce2015.git/blobdiff_plain/1ca5149a217599c0bd011769c9fc6a2ef4fc9652..56dc4d55704617d8f459826573f8bd2beeb5b5b3:/paper.tex?ds=sidebyside

diff --git a/paper.tex b/paper.tex
index 9a7ae98..7fd9704 100644
--- a/paper.tex
+++ b/paper.tex
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 \usepackage{algpseudocode}
 %\usepackage{amsthm}
 \usepackage{graphicx}
-\usepackage[american]{babel}
 % Extension pour les liens intra-documents (tagged PDF)
 % et l'affichage correct des URL (commande \url{http://example.com})
 %\usepackage{hyperref}
@@ -71,48 +70,50 @@
 
 
 
-\begin{document} \RCE{Titre a confirmer.} \title{Comparative performance
-analysis of simulated grid-enabled numerical iterative algorithms}
+\begin{document}
+\title{Grid-enabled simulation of large-scale linear iterative solvers}
 %\itshape{\journalnamelc}\footnotemark[2]}
 
-\author{    Charles Emile Ramamonjisoa and
-    David Laiymani and
-    Arnaud Giersch and
-    Lilia Ziane Khodja and
-    RaphaÃ«l Couturier
+\author{Charles Emile Ramamonjisoa\affil{1},
+    David Laiymani\affil{1},
+    Arnaud Giersch\affil{1},
+    Lilia Ziane Khodja\affil{2} and
+    RaphaÃ«l Couturier\affil{1}
 }
 
 \address{
-	\centering
-    Femto-ST Institute - DISC Department\\
-    UniversitÃ© de Franche-ComtÃ©\\
-    Belfort\\
-    Email: \email{{raphael.couturier,arnaud.giersch,david.laiymani,charles.ramamonjisoa}@univ-fcomte.fr}
+  \affilnum{1}%
+  Femto-ST Institute, DISC Department,
+  University of Franche-ComtÃ©,
+  Belfort, France.
+  Email:~\email{{charles.ramamonjisoa,david.laiymani,arnaud.giersch,raphael.couturier}@univ-fcomte.fr}\break
+  \affilnum{2}
+  Department of Aerospace \& Mechanical Engineering,
+  Non Linear Computational Mechanics,
+  University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
+  Email:~\email{l.zianekhodja@ulg.ac.be}
 }
 
-%% Lilia Ziane Khodja: Department of Aerospace \& Mechanical Engineering\\ Non Linear Computational Mechanics\\ University of Liege\\ Liege, Belgium. Email: l.zianekhodja@ulg.ac.be
-
-\begin{abstract}   The behavior of multi-core applications is always a challenge
-to predict, especially with a new architecture for which no experiment has been
-performed. With some applications, it is difficult, if not impossible, to build
-accurate performance models. That is why another solution is to use a simulation
-tool which allows us to change many parameters of the architecture (network
-bandwidth, latency, number of processors) and to simulate the execution of such
-applications. The main contribution of this paper is to show that the use of a
-simulation tool (here we have decided to use the SimGrid toolkit) can really
-help developpers to better tune their applications for a given multi-core
-architecture.
-
-In particular we focus our attention on two parallel iterative algorithms based
-on the  Multisplitting algorithm  and we  compare them  to the  GMRES algorithm.
-These algorithms  are used to  solve linear  systems. Two different  variants of
-the Multisplitting are studied: one  using synchronoous  iterations and  another
-one  with asynchronous iterations. For each algorithm we have simulated
-different architecture parameters to evaluate their influence on the overall
-execution time.  The obtain simulated results confirm the real results
-previously obtained on different real multi-core architectures and also confirm
-the efficiency of the asynchronous multisplitting algorithm compared to the
-synchronous GMRES method.
+\begin{abstract} %% The behavior of multi-core applications is always a challenge
+%% to predict, especially with a new architecture for which no experiment has been
+%% performed. With some applications, it is difficult, if not impossible, to build
+%% accurate performance models. That is why another solution is to use a simulation
+%% tool which allows us to change many parameters of the architecture (network
+%% bandwidth, latency, number of processors) and to simulate the execution of such
+%% applications. The main contribution of this paper is to show that the use of a
+%% simulation tool (here we have decided to use the SimGrid toolkit) can really
+%% help developers to better tune their applications for a given multi-core
+%% architecture.
+
+%% In this paper we focus our attention on the simulation of iterative algorithms to solve sparse linear systems on large clusters. We study the behavior of the widely used GMRES algorithm and two different variants of the Multisplitting algorithms: one using synchronous iterations and another one with asynchronous iterations.  
+%% For each algorithm we have simulated
+%% different architecture parameters to evaluate their influence on the overall
+%% execution time. 
+%% The simulations confirm the real results previously obtained on different real multi-core architectures and also confirm the efficiency of the asynchronous Multisplitting algorithm on distant clusters compared to the synchronous GMRES algorithm.
+
+The behavior of multi-core applications is always a challenge to predict, especially with a new architecture for which no experiment has been performed. With some applications, it is difficult, if not impossible, to build accurate performance models. That is why another solution is to use a simulation tool which allows us to change many parameters of the architecture (network bandwidth, latency, number of processors) and to simulate the execution of such applications. 
+
+In this paper we focus on the simulation of iterative algorithms to solve sparse linear systems. We study the behavior of the GMRES algorithm and two different variants of the multisplitting algorithms: using synchronous or asynchronous iterations. For each algorithm we have simulated different architecture parameters to evaluate their influence on the overall execution time. The simulations confirm the real results previously obtained on different real multi-core architectures and also confirm the efficiency of the asynchronous multisplitting algorithm on distant clusters compared to the GMRES algorithm.
 
 \end{abstract}
 
@@ -134,7 +135,7 @@ are often very important. So, in this context it is difficult to optimize a
 given application for a given  architecture. In this way and in order to reduce
 the access cost to these computing resources it seems very interesting to use a
 simulation environment.  The advantages are numerous: development life cycle,
-code debugging, ability to obtain results quickly~\ldots. In counterpart, the simulation results need to be consistent with the real ones.
+code debugging, ability to obtain results quickly\dots{} In counterpart, the simulation results need to be consistent with the real ones.
 
 In this paper we focus on a class of highly efficient parallel algorithms called
 \emph{iterative algorithms}. The parallel scheme of iterative methods is quite
@@ -148,10 +149,10 @@ task cannot begin a new iteration while it has not received data dependencies
 from its neighbors. We say that the iteration computation follows a
 \textit{synchronous} scheme. In the asynchronous scheme a task can compute a new
 iteration without having to wait for the data dependencies coming from its
-neighbors. Both communication and computations are \textit{asynchronous}
+neighbors. Both communications and computations are \textit{asynchronous}
 inducing that there is no more idle time, due to synchronizations, between two
 iterations~\cite{bcvc06:ij}. This model presents some advantages and drawbacks
-that we detail in section~\ref{sec:asynchro} but even if the number of
+that we detail in Section~\ref{sec:asynchro} but even if the number of
 iterations required to converge is generally  greater  than for the synchronous
 case, it appears that the asynchronous  iterative scheme  can significantly
 reduce  overall execution times by  suppressing idle  times due to
@@ -164,39 +165,29 @@ allocations policies under  varying CPU power, network speeds and  loads is very
 challenging and  labor intensive~\cite{Calheiros:2011:CTM:1951445.1951450}. This
 problematic is  even more difficult  for the  asynchronous scheme where  a small
 parameter variation of the execution platform and of the application data can
-lead to very different numbers of iterations to reach the converge and so to
+lead to very different numbers of iterations to reach the convergence and so to
 very different execution times. In this challenging context we think that the
 use of a simulation tool can greatly leverage the possibility of testing various
 platform scenarios.
 
-The main contribution of this paper is to show that the use of a simulation tool
-(i.e. the SimGrid toolkit~\cite{SimGrid}) in the context of real  parallel
-applications (i.e. large linear system solvers) can help developers to better
-tune their application for a given multi-core architecture. To show the validity
-of this approach we first compare the simulated execution of the multisplitting
-algorithm  with  the  GMRES   (Generalized   Minimal  Residual)
-solver~\cite{saad86} in synchronous mode. The simulation results allow us to
-determine which method to choose given a specified multi-core architecture.
-
-\LZK{Pas trop convainquant comme argument pour valider l'approche de simulation. \\On peut dire par exemple: on a pu simuler diffÃ©rents algos itÃ©ratifs Ã  large Ã©chelle (le plus connu GMRES et deux variantes de multisplitting) et la simulation nous a permis (sans avoir le vrai matÃ©riel) de dÃ©terminer quelle serait la meilleure solution pour une telle configuration de l'archi ou vice versa.\\A revoir...}
-\DL{OK : ajout d'une phrase prÃ©cisant tout cela}
-
-Moreover the obtained results on different simulated multi-core architectures
-confirm the real results previously obtained on non simulated architectures.
+The  {\bf main  contribution  of  this paper}  is  to show  that  the  use of  a
+simulation tool (i.e. the SimGrid toolkit~\cite{SimGrid}) in the context of real
+parallel applications (i.e. large linear  system solvers) can help developers to
+better tune their  applications for a given multi-core architecture.  To show the
+validity of this approach we first compare the simulated execution of the Krylov
+multisplitting  algorithm   with  the   GMRES  (Generalized   Minimal  RESidual)
+solver~\cite{saad86} in  synchronous mode.  The simulation  results allow  us to
+determine  which method  to choose  for a given multi-core  architecture.
+Moreover the  obtained results  on different simulated  multi-core architectures
+confirm the  real results  previously obtained  on non  simulated architectures.
 More precisely the simulated results are in accordance (i.e. with the same order
-of magnitude) with the works presented in [], which show that the multisplitting
-method is more efficient than GMRES for large scale clusters.
+of magnitude)  with the works  presented in~\cite{couturier15}, which  show that
+the synchronous  Krylov multisplitting method  is more efficient  than GMRES  for large
+scale  clusters.   Simulated   results  also  confirm  the   efficiency  of  the
+asynchronous  multisplitting   algorithm  compared  to  the   synchronous  GMRES
+especially in case of geographically distant clusters.
 
-\LZK{Il n y a pas dans la partie expÃ© cette comparaison et confirmation des rÃ©sultats entre la simulation et l'exÃ©cution rÃ©elle des algos sur les vrais clusters.\\ Sinon on pourrait ajouter dans la partie expÃ© une rÃ©fÃ©rence vers le journal supercomput de krylov multi pour confirmer que cette mÃ©thode est meilleure que GMRES sur les clusters large Ã©chelle.}
-\DL{OK ajout d'une phrase. Par contre je n'ai pas la ref. Merci de la mettre}
-
-We also confirm  the efficiency  of the
-asynchronous  multisplitting algorithm compared to the synchronous  GMRES.
-
-\LZK{P.S.: Pour tout le papier, le principal objectif n'est pas de faire des comparaisons entre des mÃ©thodes itÃ©ratives!!\\Sinon, les deux algorithmes Krylov multisplitting synchrone et multisplitting asynchrone sont plus efficaces que GMRES sur des clusters Ã  large Ã©chelle.\\Et prÃ©ciser, si c'est vraiment le cas, que le multisplitting asynchrone est plus efficace et adaptÃ© aux clusters distants par rapport aux deux autres algos (je n'ai pas encore lu la partie expÃ©)}
-
-In
-this way and with a simple computing architecture (a laptop) SimGrid allows us
+In this way and with a simple computing architecture (a laptop) SimGrid allows us
 to run a test campaign  of  a  real parallel iterative  applications on
 different simulated multi-core architectures.  To our knowledge, there is no
 related work on the large-scale multi-core simulation of a real synchronous and
@@ -204,22 +195,20 @@ asynchronous iterative application.
 
 This paper is organized as follows. Section~\ref{sec:asynchro} presents the
 iteration model we use and more particularly the asynchronous scheme.  In
-section~\ref{sec:simgrid} the SimGrid simulation toolkit is presented.
+Section~\ref{sec:simgrid} the SimGrid simulation toolkit is presented.
 Section~\ref{sec:04} details the different solvers that we use.  Finally our
-experimental results are presented in section~\ref{sec:expe} followed by some
+experimental results are presented in Section~\ref{sec:expe} followed by some
 concluding remarks and perspectives.
 
-\LZK{Proposition d'un titre pour le papier: Grid-enabled simulation of large-scale linear iterative solvers.}
-
 
 \section{The asynchronous iteration model and the motivations of our work}
 \label{sec:asynchro}
 
-Asynchronous iterative methods have been  studied for many years theoritecally and
+Asynchronous iterative methods have been  studied for many years theoretically and
 practically. Many methods have been considered and convergence results have been
 proved. These  methods can  be used  to solve, in  parallel, fixed  point problems
 (i.e. problems  for which  the solution is  $x^\star =f(x^\star)$.  In practice,
-asynchronous iterations  methods can be used  to solve, for example,  linear and
+asynchronous iteration  methods can be used  to solve, for example,  linear and
 non-linear systems of equations or optimization problems, interested readers are
 invited to read~\cite{BT89,bahi07}.
 
@@ -229,7 +218,7 @@ algorithm that supports both the synchronous or the asynchronous iteration model
 requires very few modifications  to be able to be executed  in both variants. In
 practice, only  the communications and  convergence detection are  different. In
 the synchronous  mode, iterations are  synchronized whereas in  the asynchronous
-one, they are not.  It should be noticed that non blocking communications can be
+one, they are not.  It should be noticed that non-blocking communications can be
 used in both  modes. Concerning the convergence  detection, synchronous variants
 can use  a global convergence procedure  which acts as a  global synchronization
 point. In the  asynchronous model, the convergence detection is  more tricky as
@@ -237,17 +226,17 @@ it   must  not   synchronize  all   the  processors.   Interested  readers   can
 consult~\cite{myBCCV05c,bahi07,ccl09:ij}.
 
 The number of iterations required to reach the convergence is generally greater
-for the asynchronous scheme (this number depends depends on  the delay of the
+for the asynchronous scheme (this number depends on  the delay of the
 messages). Note that, it is not the case in the synchronous mode where the
 number of iterations is the same than in the sequential mode. In this way, the
 set of the parameters  of the  platform (number  of nodes,  power of nodes,
-inter and  intra clusters  bandwidth  and  latency \ldots) and  of  the
+inter and  intra clusters  bandwidth  and  latency,~\ldots) and  of  the
 application can drastically change the number of iterations required to get the
 convergence. It follows that asynchronous iterative algorithms are difficult to
 optimize since the financial and deployment costs on large scale multi-core
-architecture are often very important. So, prior to delpoyment and tests it
+architectures are often very important. So, prior to deployment and tests it
 seems very promising to be able to simulate the behavior of asynchronous
-iterative algorithms. The problematic is then to show that the results produce
+iterative algorithms. The problematic is then to show that the results produced
 by simulation are in accordance with reality i.e. of the same order of
 magnitude. To our knowledge, there is no study on this problematic.
 
@@ -256,6 +245,57 @@ magnitude. To our knowledge, there is no study on this problematic.
 SimGrid~\cite{SimGrid,casanova+legrand+quinson.2008.simgrid,casanova+giersch+legrand+al.2014.versatile} is a discrete event simulation framework to study the behavior of large-scale distributed computing platforms as Grids, Peer-to-Peer systems, Clouds and High Performance Computation systems. It is widely used to simulate and evaluate heuristics, prototype applications or even assess legacy MPI applications. It is still actively developed by the scientific community and distributed as an open source software.
 
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% SimGrid~\cite{SimGrid,casanova+legrand+quinson.2008.simgrid,casanova+giersch+legrand+al.2014.versatile}
+% is a simulation framework to study the behavior of large-scale distributed
+% systems.  As its name suggests, it emanates from the grid computing community,
+% but is nowadays used to study grids, clouds, HPC or peer-to-peer systems.  The
+% early versions of SimGrid date back from 1999, but it is still actively
+% developed and distributed as an open source software.  Today, it is one of the
+% major generic tools in the field of simulation for large-scale distributed
+% systems.
+
+SimGrid provides several programming interfaces: MSG to simulate Concurrent
+Sequential Processes, SimDAG to simulate DAGs of (parallel) tasks, and SMPI to
+run real applications written in MPI~\cite{MPI}.  Apart from the native C
+interface, SimGrid provides bindings for the C++, Java, Lua and Ruby programming
+languages.  SMPI is the interface that has been used for the work described in
+this paper.  The SMPI interface implements about \np[\%]{80} of the MPI 2.0
+standard~\cite{bedaride+degomme+genaud+al.2013.toward}, and supports
+applications written in C or Fortran, with little or no modifications (cf Section IV - paragraph B).
+
+Within SimGrid, the execution of a distributed application is simulated by a
+single process.  The application code is really executed, but some operations,
+like communications, are intercepted, and their running time is computed
+according to the characteristics of the simulated execution platform.  The
+description of this target platform is given as an input for the execution, by
+means of an XML file.  It describes the properties of the platform, such as
+the computing nodes with their computing power, the interconnection links with
+their bandwidth and latency, and the routing strategy.  The scheduling of the
+simulated processes, as well as the simulated running time of the application
+are computed according to these properties.
+
+To compute the durations of the operations in the simulated world, and to take
+into account resource sharing (e.g. bandwidth sharing between competing
+communications), SimGrid uses a fluid model.  This allows users to run relatively fast
+simulations, while still keeping accurate
+results~\cite{bedaride+degomme+genaud+al.2013.toward,
+  velho+schnorr+casanova+al.2013.validity}.  Moreover, depending on the
+simulated application, SimGrid/SMPI allows to skip long lasting computations and
+to only take their duration into account.  When the real computations cannot be
+skipped, but the results are unimportant for the simulation results, it is
+also possible to share dynamically allocated data structures between
+several simulated processes, and thus to reduce the whole memory consumption.
+These two techniques can help to run simulations on a very large scale.
+
+The validity of simulations with SimGrid has been asserted by several studies.
+See, for example, \cite{velho+schnorr+casanova+al.2013.validity} and articles
+referenced therein for the validity of the network models.  Comparisons between
+real execution of MPI applications on the one hand, and their simulation with
+SMPI on the other hand, are presented in~\cite{guermouche+renard.2010.first,
+  clauss+stillwell+genaud+al.2011.single,
+  bedaride+degomme+genaud+al.2013.toward}.  All these works conclude that
+SimGrid is able to simulate pretty accurately the real behavior of the
+applications.
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 
 \section{Two-stage multisplitting methods}
@@ -523,10 +563,11 @@ architectures and scaling up the input matrix size}
  \hline
  Grid Architecture & 2x16, 4x8, 4x16 and 8x8\\ %\hline
  Network & N2 : bw=1Gbits/s - lat=5.10$^{-5}$ \\ %\hline
- Input matrix size & N$_{x}$ x N$_{y}$ x N$_{z}$ =150 x 150 x 150\\ %\hline
- - &  N$_{x}$ x N$_{y}$ x N$_{z}$  =170 x 170 x 170    \\ \hline
+ Input matrix size & N$_{x}$ $\times$ N$_{y}$ $\times$ N$_{z}$ =150 $\times$ 150 $\times$ 150\\ %\hline
+ - &  N$_{x}$ $\times$ N$_{y}$ $\times$ N$_{z}$  =170 $\times$ 170 $\times$ 170    \\ \hline
  \end{tabular}
-\caption{Test conditions: various grid configurations with the input matix size N$_{x}$=150 or N$_{x}$=170 \RC{N2 n'est pas dÃ©fini..}\RC{Nx est dÃ©fini, Ny? Nz?}}
+\caption{Test conditions: various grid configurations with the input matix size N$_{x}$=150 or N$_{x}$=170 \RC{N2 n'est pas dÃ©fini..}\RC{Nx est dÃ©fini, Ny? Nz?}
+\AG{La lettre 'x' n'est pas le symbole de la multiplication. Utiliser \texttt{\textbackslash times}.  Idem dans le texte, les figures, etc.}}
 \label{tab:01}
 \end{center}
 \end{table}
@@ -549,7 +590,8 @@ multisplitting method.
   \begin{center}
     \includegraphics[width=100mm]{cluster_x_nodes_nx_150_and_nx_170.pdf}
   \end{center}
-  \caption{Various grid configurations with the input matrix size N$_{x}$=150 and N$_{x}$=170\RC{idem}}
+  \caption{Various grid configurations with the input matrix size $N_{x}=150$ and $N_{x}=170$\RC{idem}
+\AG{Utiliser le point comme sÃ©parateur dÃ©cimal et non la virgule.  Idem dans les autres figures.}}
   \label{fig:01}
 \end{figure}
 
@@ -570,7 +612,7 @@ $40\%$ better (resp. $48\%$) when running from 2x16=32 to 8x8=64 processors. \RC
  Grid Architecture & 2x16, 4x8\\ %\hline
  Network & N1 : bw=10Gbs-lat=8.10$^{-6}$ \\ %\hline
  - & N2 : bw=1Gbs-lat=5.10$^{-5}$ \\
- Input matrix size & N$_{x}$ x N$_{y}$ x N$_{z}$ =150 x 150 x 150\\ \hline
+ Input matrix size & $N_{x} \times N_{y} \times N_{z} =150 \times 150 \times 150$\\ \hline
  \end{tabular}
 \caption{Test conditions: grid 2x16 and 4x8 with  networks N1 vs N2}
 \label{tab:02}
@@ -582,16 +624,15 @@ speed inter-cluster  network (N1) and  also on  a less performant  network (N2).
 Figure~\ref{fig:02} shows that end users will reduce the execution time
 for  both  algorithms when using  a  grid  architecture  like  4x16 or  8x8: the reduction is about $2$. The results depict  also that when
 the  network speed  drops down (variation of 12.5\%), the  difference between  the two Multisplitting algorithms execution times can reach more than 25\%.
-%\RC{c'est pas clair : la diffÃ©rence entre quoi et quoi?}
-%\DL{pas clair}
-%\RCE{Modifie}
+
 
 
 %\begin{wrapfigure}{l}{100mm}
 \begin{figure} [ht!]
 \centering
 \includegraphics[width=100mm]{cluster_x_nodes_n1_x_n2.pdf}
-\caption{Grid 2x16 and 4x8 with networks N1 vs N2}
+\caption{Grid 2x16 and 4x8 with networks N1 vs N2
+\AG{\np{8E-6}, \np{5E-6} au lieu de 8E-6, 5E-6}}
 \label{fig:02}
 \end{figure}
 %\end{wrapfigure}
@@ -605,7 +646,7 @@ the  network speed  drops down (variation of 12.5\%), the  difference between  t
  \hline
  Grid Architecture & 2x16\\ %\hline
  Network & N1 : bw=1Gbs \\ %\hline
- Input matrix size & N$_{x}$ x N$_{y}$ x N$_{z}$ =150 x 150 x 150\\ \hline
+ Input matrix size & $N_{x} \times N_{y} \times N_{z} = 150 \times 150 \times 150$\\ \hline
  \end{tabular}
 \caption{Test conditions: network latency impacts}
 \label{tab:03}
@@ -616,7 +657,8 @@ the  network speed  drops down (variation of 12.5\%), the  difference between  t
 \begin{figure} [ht!]
 \centering
 \includegraphics[width=100mm]{network_latency_impact_on_execution_time.pdf}
-\caption{Network latency impacts on execution time}
+\caption{Network latency impacts on execution time
+\AG{\np{E-6}}}
 \label{fig:03}
 \end{figure}
 
@@ -640,7 +682,7 @@ magnitude with a latency of $8.10^{-6}$.
  \hline
  Grid Architecture & 2x16\\ %\hline
  Network & N1 : bw=1Gbs - lat=5.10$^{-5}$ \\ %\hline
- Input matrix size & N$_{x}$ x N$_{y}$ x N$_{z}$ =150 x 150 x 150\\ \hline \\
+ Input matrix size & $N_{x} \times N_{y} \times N_{z} =150 \times 150 \times 150$\\ \hline \\
  \end{tabular}
 \caption{Test conditions: Network bandwidth impacts\RC{Qu'est ce qui varie ici? Il n'y a pas de variation dans le tableau}}
 \label{tab:04}
@@ -650,7 +692,8 @@ magnitude with a latency of $8.10^{-6}$.
 \begin{figure} [ht!]
 \centering
 \includegraphics[width=100mm]{network_bandwith_impact_on_execution_time.pdf}
-\caption{Network bandwith impacts on execution time}
+\caption{Network bandwith impacts on execution time
+\AG{``Execution time'' avec un 't' minuscule}. Idem autres figures.}
 \label{fig:04}
 \end{figure}
 
@@ -668,7 +711,7 @@ of $40\%$ which is only around $24\%$ for the classical GMRES.
  \hline
  Grid Architecture & 4x8\\ %\hline
  Network & N2 : bw=1Gbs - lat=5.10$^{-5}$ \\
- Input matrix size & N$_{x}$ = From 40 to 200\\ \hline
+ Input matrix size & $N_{x}$ = From 40 to 200\\ \hline
  \end{tabular}
 \caption{Test conditions: Input matrix size impacts}
 \label{tab:05}
@@ -708,7 +751,7 @@ grid 2x16 leading to the same conclusion.
  \hline
  Grid architecture & 2x16\\ %\hline
  Network & N2 : bw=1Gbs - lat=5.10$^{-5}$ \\ %\hline
- Input matrix size & N$_{x}$ = 150 x 150 x 150\\ \hline
+ Input matrix size & $N_{x} = 150 \times 150 \times 150$\\ \hline
  \end{tabular}
 \caption{Test conditions: CPU Power impacts}
 \label{tab:06}
@@ -726,10 +769,16 @@ on the  algorithms performance in  varying the CPU  power of the  clusters nodes
 from $1$ to $19$ GFlops.  The outputs  depicted in Figure~\ref{fig:06}  confirm the
 performance gain,  around $95\%$ for  both of the  two methods, after  adding more
 powerful CPU.
+\ \\
+%\DL{il faut une conclusion sur ces tests : ils confirment les rÃ©sultats dÃ©jÃ 
+%obtenus en grandeur rÃ©elle. Donc c'est une aide prÃ©cieuse pour les dev. Pas
+%besoin de dÃ©ployer sur une archi rÃ©elle}
 
-\DL{il faut une conclusion sur ces tests : ils confirment les rÃ©sultats dÃ©jÃ 
-obtenus en grandeur rÃ©elle. Donc c'est une aide prÃ©cieuse pour les dev. Pas
-besoin de dÃ©ployer sur une archi rÃ©elle}
+To conclude these series of experiments, with  SimGrid we have been able to make
+many simulations  with many parameters  variations. Doing all  these experiments
+with a real platform is most of  the time not possible. Moreover the behavior of
+both GMRES and  Krylov multisplitting methods is in accordance  with larger real
+executions on large scale supercomputer~\cite{couturier15}.
 
 
 \subsection{Comparing GMRES in native synchronous mode and the multisplitting algorithm in asynchronous mode}
@@ -765,7 +814,7 @@ The test conditions are summarized in the table~\ref{tab:07}: \\
  Processors Power & 1 GFlops to 1.5 GFlops\\
    Intra-Network & bw=1.25 Gbits - lat=5.10$^{-5}$ \\ %\hline
    Inter-Network & bw=5 Mbits - lat=2.10$^{-2}$\\
- Input matrix size & N$_{x}$ = From 62 to 150\\ %\hline
+ Input matrix size & $N_{x}$ = From 62 to 150\\ %\hline
  Residual error precision & 10$^{-5}$ to 10$^{-9}$\\ \hline \\
  \end{tabular}
 \caption{Test conditions: GMRES in synchronous mode vs Krylov Multisplitting in asynchronous mode}
@@ -776,7 +825,7 @@ Again,  comprehensive and  extensive tests  have been  conducted with  different
 parameters as  the CPU power, the  network parameters (bandwidth and  latency)
 and with different problem size. The  relative gains greater than $1$  between the
 two algorithms have  been captured after  each step  of the test.   In
-Figure~\ref{fig:07}  are  reported the  best  grid  configurations allowing
+Table~\ref{tab:08}  are  reported the  best  grid  configurations allowing
 the  multisplitting method to  be more than  $2.5$ times faster  than the
 classical  GMRES.  These  experiments also  show the  relative tolerance  of the
 multisplitting algorithm when using a low speed network as usually observed with
@@ -791,7 +840,7 @@ geographically distant clusters through the internet.
     \end{tabular}}
 
 
-\begin{figure}[!t]
+\begin{table}[!t]
 \centering
 %\begin{table}
 %  \caption{Relative gain of the multisplitting algorithm compared with the classical GMRES}
@@ -819,22 +868,48 @@ geographically distant clusters through the internet.
   \end{mytable}
 %\end{table}
  \caption{Relative gain of the multisplitting algorithm compared with the classical GMRES}
- \label{fig:07}
-\end{figure}
+ \label{tab:08}
+\end{table}
 
 
 \section{Conclusion}
-CONCLUSION
 
+In this paper we have presented the simulation of the execution of three
+different parallel solvers on some multi-core architectures. We have show that
+the SimGrid toolkit is an interesting simulation tool that has allowed us to
+determine  which method  to choose  given a  specified multi-core  architecture.
+Moreover the simulated results are in accordance (i.e. with the same order of
+magnitude)  with the works  presented in~\cite{couturier15}. Simulated   results
+also  confirm  the   efficiency  of  the asynchronous  multisplitting
+algorithm  compared  to  the   synchronous  GMRES especially in case of
+geographically distant clusters.
 
-\section*{Acknowledgment}
+These results are important since it is very  time consuming to find optimal
+configuration  and deployment requirements for a given application  on   a given
+multi-core  architecture. Finding   good  resource allocations policies under
+varying CPU power, network speeds and  loads is very challenging and  labor
+intensive. This problematic is  even more difficult  for the  asynchronous
+scheme where  a small parameter variation of the execution platform and of the
+application data can lead to very different numbers of iterations to reach the
+converge and so to very different execution times.
 
-This work is partially funded by the Labex ACTION program (contract ANR-11-LABX-01-01).
+
+In future works, we  plan to investigate how to simulate  the behavior of really
+large scale  applications. For  example, if  we are  interested to  simulate the
+execution of the solvers of this paper with thousand or even dozens of thousands
+or core,  it is not possible  to do that with  SimGrid. In fact, this  tool will
+make the real computation. So we plan to focus our research on that problematic.
 
 
+
+%\section*{Acknowledgment}
+\ack
+This work is partially funded by the Labex ACTION program (contract ANR-11-LABX-01-01).
+
 \bibliographystyle{wileyj}
 \bibliography{biblio}
 
+
 \end{document}
 
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