From 19261c120feb6e71d7648f7a15c1be7fa910c3de Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: David Laiymani Date: Tue, 28 Apr 2015 15:04:42 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] DL : Intro ok --- paper.tex | 25 +++++++++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-) diff --git a/paper.tex b/paper.tex index 87949b4..4f0fd29 100644 --- a/paper.tex +++ b/paper.tex @@ -116,15 +116,15 @@ simulation tool before. The use of multi-core architectures for solving large scientific problems seems to become imperative in a lot of cases. Whatever the scale of these architectures (distributed clusters, computational grids, embedded multi-core \ldots) they are generally well adapted to execute complexe parallel applications operating on a large amount of data. Unfortunately, users (industrials or scientists), -who need such computational resources may not have an easy access to such efficient architectures. The cost of using the platform and/or the cost of +who need such computational resources, may not have an easy access to such efficient architectures. The cost of using the platform and/or the cost of testing and deploying an application are often very important. So, in this context it is difficult to optimize a given application for a given architecture. In this way and in order to reduce the access cost to these computing resources it seems very interesting to use a simulation environment. -The advantages are numerous: development life cycle, code debugging, ability to obtain results quickly \ldots +The advantages are numerous: development life cycle, code debugging, ability to obtain results quickly \ldots at the condition that the simulation results are in education with the real ones. In this paper we focus on a class of highly efficient parallel algorithms called \emph{iterative algorithms}. The parallel scheme of iterative methods is quite simple. It generally involves the division of the problem into several \emph{blocks} that will be solved in parallel on multiple -processing units. Then each processing unit has to +processing units. Each processing unit has to compute an iteration, to send/receive some data dependencies to/from its neighbors and to iterate this process until the convergence of the method. Several well-known methods demonstrate the convergence of these algorithms~\cite{BT89,Bahi07}. @@ -136,29 +136,33 @@ communication and computations are asynchronous inducing that there is no more idle times, due to synchronizations, between two iterations~\cite{bcvc06:ij}. This model presents some advantages and drawbacks that we detail in section 2 but even if the number of iterations required to converge is generally greater than for the synchronous case, it appears that the asynchronous iterative scheme can significantly reduce overall execution -times by suppressing idle times due to synchronizations~\cite{Bahi07} for more details. +times by suppressing idle times due to synchronizations~(see \cite{Bahi07} for more details). Nevertheless, in both cases (synchronous or asynchronous) it is very time consuming to find optimal configuration and deployment requirements for a given application on a given multi-core architecture. Finding good resource allocations policies under varying CPU power, network speeds and loads is very challenging and labor intensive.~\cite{Calheiros:2011:CTM:1951445.1951450}. This problematic is even more difficult for the asynchronous scheme where variations of the parameters of the execution platform can lead to very different number of iterations required to converge and so to very different execution times. -In this challenging context we think that the use of a simulation tool can leverage the possibility of testing various platform scenarios. +In this challenging context we think that the use of a simulation tool can greatly leverage the possibility of testing various platform scenarios. -The main contribution of this paper is to show that the use of a simulation tool (i.e. the SimGrid toolkit~\cite{SimGrid}) in the context of real +The main contribution of this paper is to show that the use of a simulation tool (i.e. the SimGrid toolkit~\cite{SimGrid}) in the context of real parallel applications (i.e. large linear system solver) can help developers to better tune their application for a given multi-core architecture. To show the validity of this approach we first compare the simulated execution of the multisplitting algorithm with the GMRES (Generalized Minimal Residual) solver -\cite{ref1} both in synchronous mode. The obtained results on different simulated multi-core architectures confirm the results previously obtained on non simulated architecture. +\cite{ref1} in synchronous mode. The obtained results on different simulated multi-core architectures confirm the real results previously obtained on non simulated architectures. We also confirm the efficiency of the asynchronous multisplitting algorithm comparing to the synchronous GMRES. In this way and with a simple computing architecture (a laptop) -SimGrid allows us (with small modifications of the MPI code) to run a test campaign of a real parallel iterative applications on different simulated multi-core architectures. +SimGrid allows us to run a test campaign of a real parallel iterative applications on different simulated multi-core architectures. To our knowledge, there is no related work on the large-scale multi-core simulation of a real synchronous and asynchronous iterative application. -This paper is organized as follows: +This paper is organized as follows. Section 1 \ref{sec:synchro} presents the iteration model we use and more particularly the asynchronous scheme. +In section \ref{sec:simgrid} the SimGrid simulation toolkit is presented. Section \ref{sec:04} details the different solvers that we use. +Finally our experimental results are presented in section \ref{\sec:expe} followed by some concluding remarks and perspectives. \section{The asynchronous iteration model} +\label{sec:asynchro} \section{SimGrid} - + \label{sec:simgrid} + %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% @@ -281,6 +285,7 @@ At last, note that the two solver algorithms have been executed with the Simgrid %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \section{Experimental Results} +\label{sec:expe} \subsection{Setup study and Methodology} -- 2.39.5