\select@language {french}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {1}Introduction}{9}{chapter.1}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2}Les processeurs graphiques (GPU) NVidia\textregistered }{13}{chapter.2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.1}Pourquoi ?}{13}{section.2.1}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}Comment ?}{14}{section.2.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.1}Le mat\IeC {\'e}riel}{14}{subsection.2.2.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.2}Le logiciel}{16}{subsection.2.2.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.3}l'Occupancy}{17}{subsection.2.2.3}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3}Le traitement des images bruit\IeC {\'e}es}{19}{chapter.3}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.1}Mod\IeC {\`e}le d'image bruit\IeC {\'e}e}{20}{section.3.1}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.2}Mod\IeC {\`e}les de bruit}{20}{section.3.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.1}Le bruit gaussien}{20}{subsection.3.2.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.2}Le speckle}{21}{subsection.3.2.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.3}Le bruit ``sel et poivre''}{21}{subsection.3.2.3}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.4}Le bruit de Poisson}{21}{subsection.3.2.4}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.3}Les techniques de r\IeC {\'e}duction de bruit}{22}{section.3.3}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3.1}Les op\IeC {\'e}rateurs de base}{23}{subsection.3.3.1}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.3.1.1}Le filtre de convolution}{23}{subsubsection.3.3.1.1}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.3.1.2}Le filtre m\IeC {\'e}dian}{24}{subsubsection.3.3.1.2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.3.1.3}Le filtre bilat\IeC {\'e}ral}{24}{subsubsection.3.3.1.3}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.3.1.4}Les algorithmes de filtrage par dictionnaire}{25}{subsubsection.3.3.1.4}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3.2}Les algorithmes de filtrage par patches}{25}{subsection.3.3.2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.4}Les impl\IeC {\'e}mentations sur GPU des algorithmes de filtrage}{27}{section.3.4}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4.1}Le filtrage par convolution}{28}{subsection.3.4.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4.2}Le filtre m\IeC {\'e}dian}{28}{subsection.3.4.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4.3}Le filtre bilat\IeC {\'e}ral}{30}{subsection.3.4.3}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4.4}Les filtres par patches}{31}{subsection.3.4.4}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.5}Les techniques de segmentation}{31}{section.3.5}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.5.1}Analyse d'histogramme}{32}{subsection.3.5.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.5.2}Partitionnement de graphe}{33}{subsection.3.5.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.5.3}kernel-means, mean-shift et apparent\IeC {\'e}s}{35}{subsection.3.5.3}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.5.4}Les contours actifs, ou \textit {snakes}}{37}{subsection.3.5.4}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.5.5}M\IeC {\'e}thodes hybrides}{39}{subsection.3.5.5}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.6}Les impl\IeC {\'e}mentations sur GPU des techniques de segmentation}{40}{section.3.6}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.6.1}Calcul d'histogramme}{40}{subsection.3.6.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.6.2}Partitionnement de graphe}{40}{subsection.3.6.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.6.3}K-means, mean-shift et apparent\IeC {\'e}s}{42}{subsection.3.6.3}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.6.4}Snakes et Level set}{43}{subsection.3.6.4}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.6.5}Algorithmes hybrides}{46}{subsection.3.6.5}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.7}Conclusion}{47}{section.3.7}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4}La segmentation par snake polygonal orient\IeC {\'e} r\IeC {\'e}gions}{49}{chapter.4}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.1}Introduction}{49}{section.4.1}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.2}Pr\IeC {\'e}sentation de l'algorithme}{49}{section.4.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.1}Formulation}{49}{subsection.4.2.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.2}Optimisation des calculs}{50}{subsection.4.2.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.3}Impl\IeC {\'e}mentation s\IeC {\'e}quentielle}{52}{subsection.4.2.3}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.4}Performances}{54}{subsection.4.2.4}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.3}Impl\IeC {\'e}mentation parall\IeC {\`e}le GPU du snake polygonal}{56}{section.4.3}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3.1}Pr\IeC {\'e}-calculs des images cumul\IeC {\'e}es}{57}{subsection.4.3.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3.2}Calcul des contributions des segments}{58}{subsection.4.3.2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.3.2.1}Cas particulier des segments dont la pente $k$ v\IeC {\'e}rifie $|k|\leq 1$}{62}{subsubsection.4.3.2.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3.3}Performances}{63}{subsection.4.3.3}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3.4}D\IeC {\'e}termination intelligente du contour initial}{64}{subsection.4.3.4}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3.5}Conclusion}{66}{subsection.4.3.5}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {5}R\IeC {\'e}duction de bruit par recherche des lignes de niveaux}{71}{chapter.5}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.1}Introduction}{71}{section.5.1}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.2}Pr\IeC {\'e}sentation de l'algorithme}{72}{section.5.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2.1}Formulation}{72}{subsection.5.2.1}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {5.2.1.1}Isolines \IeC {\`a} un seul segment}{72}{subsubsection.5.2.1.1}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {5.2.1.2}Isolines compos\IeC {\'e}es de plusieurs segments - crit\IeC {\`e}re d'allongement}{74}{subsubsection.5.2.1.2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.3}Mod\IeC {\'e}lisation des isolines pour l'impl\IeC {\'e}mentation parall\IeC {\`e}le sur GPU}{75}{section.5.3}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.3.1}Isolines \IeC {\'e}valu\IeC {\'e}es semi-globalement}{76}{subsection.5.3.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.3.2}Isolines \IeC {\`a} segments pr\IeC {\'e}-\IeC {\'e}valu\IeC {\'e}s - mod\IeC {\`e}le PI-PD}{77}{subsection.5.3.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.3.3}Mod\IeC {\`e}le PI-PD hybride}{80}{subsection.5.3.3}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {5.3.3.1}Le d\IeC {\'e}tecteur de zone \IeC {\`a} faible pente}{82}{subsubsection.5.3.3.1}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.4}R\IeC {\'e}sultats}{84}{section.5.4}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.5}Extension aux images couleurs}{86}{section.5.5}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.5.1}Expression du crit\IeC {\`e}re}{86}{subsection.5.5.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.5.2}R\IeC {\'e}sultats}{87}{subsection.5.5.2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.6}Conclusion}{88}{section.5.6}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {6}Le filtre m\IeC {\'e}dian sur GPU}{93}{chapter.6}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.1}Introduction}{93}{section.6.1}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.2}Les transferts de donn\IeC {\'e}es}{93}{section.6.2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.3}Utilisation des registres}{94}{section.6.3}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.3.1}La s\IeC {\'e}lection de la valeur m\IeC {\'e}diane}{95}{subsection.6.3.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.3.2}Masquage des latences}{97}{subsection.6.3.2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.4}R\IeC {\'e}sultats}{99}{section.6.4}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.5}Conclusion}{101}{section.6.5}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {7}Les filtres de convolution sur GPU}{103}{chapter.7}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.1}Introduction}{103}{section.7.1}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.2}Impl\IeC {\'e}mentation g\IeC {\'e}n\IeC {\'e}rique de la convolution non s\IeC {\'e}parable sur GPU}{103}{section.7.2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.3}Impl\IeC {\'e}mentation optimis\IeC {\'e}e de la convolution non s\IeC {\'e}parable sur GPU}{105}{section.7.3}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.4}Cas de la convolution s\IeC {\'e}parable}{108}{section.7.4}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.5}Conclusion}{111}{section.7.5}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {8}Conclusion g\IeC {\'e}n\IeC {\'e}rale}{113}{chapter.8}