X-Git-Url: https://bilbo.iut-bm.univ-fcomte.fr/and/gitweb/these_gilles.git/blobdiff_plain/5d5e214d54eab1411ef86a32e11fccfaa53dbc45..13ca7bf0cd6c0a68491100176b08e819ef173a57:/THESE/these.toc?ds=inline

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 \select@language {french}
-\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {1}Introduction}{9}{chapter.1}
-\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2}Les processeurs graphiques (GPU) NVidia\textregistered }{13}{chapter.2}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.1}Pourquoi ?}{13}{section.2.1}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}Comment ?}{14}{section.2.2}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.1}Le mat\IeC {\'e}riel}{14}{subsection.2.2.1}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.2}Le logiciel}{16}{subsection.2.2.2}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.3}l'Occupancy}{17}{subsection.2.2.3}
-\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3}Le traitement des images bruit\IeC {\'e}es}{19}{chapter.3}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.1}Mod\IeC {\`e}le d'image bruit\IeC {\'e}e}{20}{section.3.1}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.2}Mod\IeC {\`e}les de bruit}{20}{section.3.2}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.1}Le bruit gaussien}{20}{subsection.3.2.1}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.2}Le speckle}{21}{subsection.3.2.2}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.3}Le bruit ``sel et poivre''}{21}{subsection.3.2.3}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.4}Le bruit de Poisson}{21}{subsection.3.2.4}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.3}Les techniques de r\IeC {\'e}duction de bruit}{22}{section.3.3}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3.1}Les op\IeC {\'e}rateurs de base}{23}{subsection.3.3.1}
-\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.3.1.1}Le filtre de convolution}{23}{subsubsection.3.3.1.1}
-\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.3.1.2}Le filtre m\IeC {\'e}dian}{24}{subsubsection.3.3.1.2}
-\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.3.1.3}Le filtre bilat\IeC {\'e}ral}{24}{subsubsection.3.3.1.3}
-\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.3.1.4}Les algorithmes de filtrage par dictionnaire}{25}{subsubsection.3.3.1.4}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3.2}Les algorithmes de filtrage par patches}{25}{subsection.3.3.2}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.4}Les impl\IeC {\'e}mentations sur GPU des algorithmes de filtrage}{27}{section.3.4}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4.1}Le filtrage par convolution}{28}{subsection.3.4.1}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4.2}Le filtre m\IeC {\'e}dian}{28}{subsection.3.4.2}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4.3}Le filtre bilat\IeC {\'e}ral}{30}{subsection.3.4.3}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4.4}Les filtres par patches}{31}{subsection.3.4.4}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.5}Les techniques de segmentation}{31}{section.3.5}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.5.1}Analyse d'histogramme}{32}{subsection.3.5.1}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.5.2}Partitionnement de graphe}{33}{subsection.3.5.2}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.5.3}kernel-means, mean-shift et apparent\IeC {\'e}s}{35}{subsection.3.5.3}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.5.4}Les contours actifs, ou \textit {snakes}}{37}{subsection.3.5.4}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.5.5}M\IeC {\'e}thodes hybrides}{39}{subsection.3.5.5}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.6}Les impl\IeC {\'e}mentations sur GPU des techniques de segmentation}{40}{section.3.6}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.6.1}Calcul d'histogramme}{40}{subsection.3.6.1}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.6.2}Partitionnement de graphe}{40}{subsection.3.6.2}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.6.3}K-means, mean-shift et apparent\IeC {\'e}s}{42}{subsection.3.6.3}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.6.4}Snakes et Level set}{43}{subsection.3.6.4}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.6.5}Algorithmes hybrides}{46}{subsection.3.6.5}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.7}Conclusion}{47}{section.3.7}
-\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4}La segmentation par snake polygonal orient\IeC {\'e} r\IeC {\'e}gions}{49}{chapter.4}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.1}Pr\IeC {\'e}sentation de l'algorithme}{49}{section.4.1}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1.1}Formulation}{49}{subsection.4.1.1}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1.2}Optimisation des calculs}{50}{subsection.4.1.2}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1.3}Impl\IeC {\'e}mentation s\IeC {\'e}quentielle}{52}{subsection.4.1.3}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1.4}Performances}{53}{subsection.4.1.4}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.2}Impl\IeC {\'e}mentation parall\IeC {\`e}le GPU du snake polygonal}{56}{section.4.2}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.1}pr\IeC {\'e}-calculs des images cumul\IeC {\'e}es}{56}{subsection.4.2.1}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.2}Calcul des contribution des segments}{57}{subsection.4.2.2}
-\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.2.1}Cas particulier des segments dont la pente $k$ v\IeC {\'e}rifie $|k|\leq 1$}{61}{subsubsection.4.2.2.1}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.3}Performances}{61}{subsection.4.2.3}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.4}Discussion sur l'initialisation}{63}{subsection.4.2.4}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.5}Conclusion}{64}{subsection.4.2.5}
-\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {5}R\IeC {\'e}duction de bruit par recherche des lignes de niveaux}{71}{chapter.5}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.1}Pr\IeC {\'e}sentation de l'algorithme}{71}{section.5.1}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.1.1}Formulation}{71}{subsection.5.1.1}
-\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {5.1.1.1}Isolines \IeC {\`a} un seul segment}{72}{subsubsection.5.1.1.1}
-\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {5.1.1.2}Isolines compos\IeC {\'e}es de plusieurs segments - crit\IeC {\`e}re d'allongement}{73}{subsubsection.5.1.1.2}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.2}Impl\IeC {\'e}mentation parall\IeC {\`e}le}{75}{section.5.2}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2.1}Isolines \IeC {\'e}valu\IeC {\'e}es semi-globalement}{75}{subsection.5.2.1}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2.2}Isolines \IeC {\`a} segments pre-\IeC {\'e}valu\IeC {\'e}s - mod\IeC {\`e}le PI-PD}{76}{subsection.5.2.2}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2.3}Mod\IeC {\`e}le PI-PD hybride}{79}{subsection.5.2.3}
-\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {5.2.3.1}Le d\IeC {\'e}tecteur de zone \IeC {\`a} faible pente}{81}{subsubsection.5.2.3.1}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.3}R\IeC {\'e}sultats}{83}{section.5.3}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.4}Extension aux images couleurs}{85}{section.5.4}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.1}Expression du crit\IeC {\`e}re}{85}{subsection.5.4.1}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.2}R\IeC {\'e}sultats}{86}{subsection.5.4.2}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.5}Conclusion}{88}{section.5.5}
-\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {6}Le filtre m\IeC {\'e}dian sur GPU}{93}{chapter.6}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.1}Introduction}{93}{section.6.1}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.2}Les transferts de donn\IeC {\'e}es}{93}{section.6.2}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.3}Utilisation des registres}{94}{section.6.3}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.3.1}La s\IeC {\'e}lection de la valeur m\IeC {\'e}diane}{95}{subsection.6.3.1}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.3.2}Masquage des latences}{96}{subsection.6.3.2}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.4}R\IeC {\'e}sultats}{99}{section.6.4}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.5}Conclusion}{101}{section.6.5}
-\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {7}Les filtres de convolution sur GPU}{103}{chapter.7}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.1}Introduction}{103}{section.7.1}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.2}Impl\IeC {\'e}mentation g\IeC {\'e}n\IeC {\'e}rique de la convolution non s\IeC {\'e}parable}{103}{section.7.2}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.3}Impl\IeC {\'e}mentation optimis\IeC {\'e}e de la convolution non s\IeC {\'e}parable}{105}{section.7.3}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.4}Cas de la convolution s\IeC {\'e}parable}{108}{section.7.4}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.5}Conclusion}{111}{section.7.5}
-\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {8}Conclusion g\IeC {\'e}n\IeC {\'e}rale}{113}{chapter.8}
+\contentsline {part}{I\hspace {1em}Introduction}{5}{part.1}
+\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {1}Pr\IeC {\'e}ambule}{7}{chapter.1}
+\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2}Les processeurs graphiques (GPU) NVidia\textregistered }{11}{chapter.2}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.1}Pourquoi ?}{11}{section.2.1}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}Comment ?}{13}{section.2.2}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.1}Le mat\IeC {\'e}riel}{13}{subsection.2.2.1}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.2}Le logiciel}{13}{subsection.2.2.2}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.3}L'occupancy}{14}{subsection.2.2.3}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.3}Contraintes de conception}{16}{section.2.3}
+\contentsline {part}{II\hspace {1em}Le traitement des images}{19}{part.2}
+\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3}Mod\IeC {\`e}les d'image et de bruits - notations}{23}{chapter.3}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.1}Mod\IeC {\`e}le d'image bruit\IeC {\'e}e}{23}{section.3.1}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.2}Mod\IeC {\`e}les de bruit}{23}{section.3.2}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.1}Le bruit gaussien}{23}{subsection.3.2.1}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.2}Le speckle}{24}{subsection.3.2.2}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.3}Le bruit \FB@og sel et poivre \FB@fg {}}{24}{subsection.3.2.3}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.4}Le bruit de Poisson}{25}{subsection.3.2.4}
+\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4}Les techniques de r\IeC {\'e}duction de bruit}{27}{chapter.4}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.1}Les techniques de r\IeC {\'e}duction de bruit}{27}{section.4.1}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1.1}Les op\IeC {\'e}rateurs de base}{28}{subsection.4.1.1}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.1.1.1}Le filtre de convolution}{28}{subsubsection.4.1.1.1}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.1.1.2}Le filtre m\IeC {\'e}dian}{29}{subsubsection.4.1.1.2}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.1.1.3}Le filtre bilat\IeC {\'e}ral}{30}{subsubsection.4.1.1.3}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.1.1.4}Les algorithmes de filtrage par dictionnaire}{30}{subsubsection.4.1.1.4}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1.2}Les algorithmes de filtrage par patches}{32}{subsection.4.1.2}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.2}Les impl\IeC {\'e}mentations sur GPU des algorithmes de filtrage}{33}{section.4.2}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.1}Le filtrage par convolution}{33}{subsection.4.2.1}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.2}Le filtre m\IeC {\'e}dian}{34}{subsection.4.2.2}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.3}Le filtre bilat\IeC {\'e}ral}{35}{subsection.4.2.3}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.4}Les filtres par patches}{37}{subsection.4.2.4}
+\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {5}Les techniques de segmentation des images}{39}{chapter.5}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.1}Introduction}{39}{section.5.1}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.2}Les techniques de segmentation orient\IeC {\'e}es r\IeC {\'e}gions}{39}{section.5.2}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2.1}Analyse d'histogramme}{40}{subsection.5.2.1}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2.2}Partitionnement de graphe}{40}{subsection.5.2.2}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2.3}kernel-means, mean-shift et apparent\IeC {\'e}s}{43}{subsection.5.2.3}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.3}Les techniques de segmentation par contours actifs, ou snakes}{45}{section.5.3}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.3.1}M\IeC {\'e}thodes hybrides}{47}{subsection.5.3.1}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.4}Les impl\IeC {\'e}mentations des techniques de segmentation sur GPU}{47}{section.5.4}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.1}Calcul d'histogramme}{48}{subsection.5.4.1}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.2}Partitionnement de graphe}{48}{subsection.5.4.2}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.3}K-means, mean-shift et apparent\IeC {\'e}s}{49}{subsection.5.4.3}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.4}Level set et snakes}{52}{subsection.5.4.4}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.5}Algorithmes hybrides}{54}{subsection.5.4.5}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.5}Conclusion}{55}{section.5.5}
+\contentsline {part}{III\hspace {1em}Algorithmes GPU rapides pour la r\IeC {\'e}duction de bruit et la segmentation}{57}{part.3}
+\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {6}La segmentation par snake polygonal orient\IeC {\'e} r\IeC {\'e}gions}{59}{chapter.6}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.1}Introduction}{59}{section.6.1}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.2}Pr\IeC {\'e}sentation de l'algorithme}{59}{section.6.2}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2.1}Formulation}{59}{subsection.6.2.1}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2.2}Optimisation des calculs}{60}{subsection.6.2.2}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2.3}Impl\IeC {\'e}mentation s\IeC {\'e}quentielle}{63}{subsection.6.2.3}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2.4}Performances}{64}{subsection.6.2.4}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.3}Impl\IeC {\'e}mentation parall\IeC {\`e}le GPU du snake polygonal}{67}{section.6.3}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.3.1}Pr\IeC {\'e}-calculs des images cumul\IeC {\'e}es}{68}{subsection.6.3.1}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.3.2}Calcul des contributions des segments}{70}{subsection.6.3.2}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.3.2.1}Cas particulier des segments dont la pente $k$ v\IeC {\'e}rifie $|k|\leq 1$}{74}{subsubsection.6.3.2.1}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.3.3}Performances}{75}{subsection.6.3.3}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.3.4}D\IeC {\'e}termination du contour initial au sens du maximum de vraisemblance}{75}{subsection.6.3.4}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.3.5}Conclusion}{77}{subsection.6.3.5}
+\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {7}R\IeC {\'e}duction de bruit par recherche des lignes de niveaux}{79}{chapter.7}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.1}Introduction}{79}{section.7.1}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.2}Pr\IeC {\'e}sentation de l'algorithme}{80}{section.7.2}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.2.1}Formulation}{80}{subsection.7.2.1}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {7.2.1.1}D\IeC {\'e}termination du premier segment}{80}{subsubsection.7.2.1.1}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {7.2.1.2}Isolines compos\IeC {\'e}es de plusieurs segments - crit\IeC {\`e}re d'allongement}{82}{subsubsection.7.2.1.2}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.3}Mod\IeC {\'e}lisation des isolines pour l'impl\IeC {\'e}mentation parall\IeC {\`e}le sur GPU}{83}{section.7.3}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.3.1}Isolines \IeC {\'e}valu\IeC {\'e}es semi-globalement}{84}{subsection.7.3.1}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.3.2}Isolines \IeC {\`a} segments pr\IeC {\'e}-\IeC {\'e}valu\IeC {\'e}s - mod\IeC {\`e}le PI-PD}{86}{subsection.7.3.2}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.3.3}Mod\IeC {\`e}le PI-PD hybride}{88}{subsection.7.3.3}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {7.3.3.1}Le d\IeC {\'e}tecteur de bords}{89}{subsubsection.7.3.3.1}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.4}R\IeC {\'e}sultats}{92}{section.7.4}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.5}Extension aux images couleurs}{94}{section.7.5}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.5.1}Expression du crit\IeC {\`e}re}{94}{subsection.7.5.1}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.5.2}R\IeC {\'e}sultats - analyse}{95}{subsection.7.5.2}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.6}Conclusion}{98}{section.7.6}
+\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {8}Le filtre m\IeC {\'e}dian sur GPU}{103}{chapter.8}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.1}Introduction}{103}{section.8.1}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.2}Les transferts de donn\IeC {\'e}es}{103}{section.8.2}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.3}Utilisation des registres}{105}{section.8.3}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.3.1}La s\IeC {\'e}lection de la valeur m\IeC {\'e}diane}{105}{subsection.8.3.1}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.3.2}Masquage des latences}{106}{subsection.8.3.2}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.4}R\IeC {\'e}sultats}{110}{section.8.4}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.5}Conclusion}{112}{section.8.5}
+\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {9}Les filtres de convolution sur GPU}{113}{chapter.9}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9.1}Introduction}{113}{section.9.1}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9.2}Impl\IeC {\'e}mentation g\IeC {\'e}n\IeC {\'e}rique de la convolution non s\IeC {\'e}parable sur GPU}{113}{section.9.2}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9.3}Impl\IeC {\'e}mentation optimis\IeC {\'e}e de la convolution non s\IeC {\'e}parable sur GPU}{115}{section.9.3}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9.4}Cas de la convolution s\IeC {\'e}parable}{119}{section.9.4}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9.5}Conclusion}{124}{section.9.5}
+\contentsline {part}{IV\hspace {1em}Conclusions et perspectives}{127}{part.4}
+\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {10}Conclusion g\IeC {\'e}n\IeC {\'e}rale}{129}{chapter.10}
+\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {11}Remerciements}{131}{chapter.11}