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@@ -36,7 +36,17 @@ On montre quâun PRNG est qualitÃ© par des preuves thÃ©oriques et validations e
 
 \section{Travaux en relation}
 
+Random number generators (RNGs) are essential in statistical studies in several fields. They may be based on physical noise sources or on mathematical algorithms, but in both cases truly random numbers may not be obtained because of data acquisition
+systems in the first case or because machine precision in the second case~\cite{Gonzalez2005281,Guler2011}. In spite of the fact that the existence (or not) of truly random number generators (RNG) remains an open question, the random number is replaced by value, pseudo-random numbers, provided by deterministic algorithms whose properties mimic those of a truly random sequence~\cite{DeMicco20083373,Knuth1998}.
 
+Pseudo Random Number Generators (PRNGs) are widely used in science and technology, it is a critical component in modern cryptographic systems, communication systems, statistical simulation systems and any scientific area incorporating Monte Carlo methods~\cite{Vadim2011692,Marchi20093328,citeulike:867581,thecolourblue:1046} and many others. By the way, the Monte Carlo method appeared on the scientific scene in the late 1940s, for problems involving particle scattering in nuclear physics~\cite{Dyadkin1997258}. In the present era, there are few scientific fields that do not use random number. One of the most important applications of PRNGs is in cryptography to generate cryptographic keys, and to randomly initialize certain variables in cryptographic protocols. 
+
+Moreover, the idea o f applying chaos theory to randomness has produced important works very recently ~\cite{james1995,Gonzalez1999109,Ergun2007235,Zhou20093442,Gonzalez2002259,Behnia20113455}. Chaos theory has been established since 1970s by many different research areas, such as physics, mathematics, engineering, and biology, etc. ~\cite{Hao1993}. Since 1990s, many researchers have noticed that there exists the close relationship between chaos and cryptography ~\cite{Brown1996,Fridrich98symmetricciphers}; many properties of chaotic systems have their corresponding counterparts in traditional cryptosystems. Chaotic systems have several significant features favorable to secure communications, such as ergodicity, sensitivity to initial condition, control parameters and random like behaviour, which can be connected with some
+conventional cryptographic properties of good ciphers, such as confusion/diffusion. With all these advantages scientists
+expected to introduce new and powerful tools of chaotic cryptography. Cryptography is the art of achieving security by
+encoding messages to make them non-readable. Nowaday, some efficient techniques for encoding based on discrete time chaotic systems are presented in ~\cite{Djema2009,Belmouhoub2005}. A good random number generation improves the cryptographic security  ~\cite{Behnia2008408}.
+
+Several test suites are readily available to researchers in academia and industry who wish to analyze their newly developed PRNG. Some general purpose test suites are Diehard by George Marsaglia ~\cite{Marsaglia1996}, the National Institute of Standards and Technology Statistical Test Suite ~\cite{ANDREW2008}, and Comparative test parameters~\cite{Menezes1997}. Systematic tests of pseudorandom number generators have received much attention. Finally, The TestU01 testsuite by L'Ecuyer and Simard ~\cite{Lecuyer2009} appears to define the current state of the art in the field. 
 \section{RÃ©sume de nos contributions}
 Il a Ã©tÃ© Ã©table dans ~\cite{guyeux09, guyeux10} que les itÃ©rations chaotiques (IC), un outil servant Ã  lâobtention dâalgorithmes itÃ©ratifs rapide, satisfait la propriÃ©tÃ© de chaos topologique telle qu'elle a Ã©tÃ© dÃ©finie par Devaney ~\cite{ Dev89}.
 Nous avons alors construit notre PRNG en combinant ces itÃ©rations chaotiques avec deux gÃ©nÃ©rateurs basÃ©s sur la suite de logistique~\cite{wang2009}.
