1 /* Copyright (c) 2016-2023. The SimGrid Team. All rights reserved. */
3 /* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
4 * under the terms of the license (GNU LGPL) which comes with this package. */
6 #include "src/mc/explo/DFSExplorer.hpp"
7 #include "src/mc/VisitedState.hpp"
8 #include "src/mc/mc_config.hpp"
9 #include "src/mc/mc_exit.hpp"
10 #include "src/mc/mc_private.hpp"
11 #include "src/mc/mc_record.hpp"
12 #include "src/mc/transition/Transition.hpp"
14 #include "src/xbt/mmalloc/mmprivate.h"
16 #include "xbt/string.hpp"
17 #include "xbt/sysdep.h"
26 XBT_LOG_NEW_DEFAULT_SUBCATEGORY(mc_dfs, mc, "DFS exploration algorithm of the model-checker");
28 namespace simgrid::mc {
30 xbt::signal<void(RemoteApp&)> DFSExplorer::on_exploration_start_signal;
31 xbt::signal<void(RemoteApp&)> DFSExplorer::on_backtracking_signal;
33 xbt::signal<void(State*, RemoteApp&)> DFSExplorer::on_state_creation_signal;
35 xbt::signal<void(State*, RemoteApp&)> DFSExplorer::on_restore_system_state_signal;
36 xbt::signal<void(RemoteApp&)> DFSExplorer::on_restore_initial_state_signal;
37 xbt::signal<void(Transition*, RemoteApp&)> DFSExplorer::on_transition_replay_signal;
38 xbt::signal<void(Transition*, RemoteApp&)> DFSExplorer::on_transition_execute_signal;
40 xbt::signal<void(RemoteApp&)> DFSExplorer::on_log_state_signal;
42 void DFSExplorer::check_non_termination(const State* current_state)
44 for (auto state = stack_.rbegin(); state != stack_.rend(); ++state)
45 if (*(*state)->get_system_state() == *current_state->get_system_state()) {
46 XBT_INFO("Non-progressive cycle: state %ld -> state %ld", (*state)->get_num(), current_state->get_num());
47 XBT_INFO("******************************************");
48 XBT_INFO("*** NON-PROGRESSIVE CYCLE DETECTED ***");
49 XBT_INFO("******************************************");
50 XBT_INFO("Counter-example execution trace:");
51 for (auto const& s : get_textual_trace())
52 XBT_INFO(" %s", s.c_str());
53 XBT_INFO("You can debug the problem (and see the whole details) by rerunning out of simgrid-mc with "
54 "--cfg=model-check/replay:'%s'",
55 get_record_trace().to_string().c_str());
58 throw TerminationError();
62 RecordTrace DFSExplorer::get_record_trace() // override
65 for (auto const& state : stack_)
66 res.push_back(state->get_transition());
70 std::vector<std::string> DFSExplorer::get_textual_trace() // override
72 std::vector<std::string> trace;
73 for (auto const& state : stack_) {
74 const auto* t = state->get_transition();
75 trace.push_back(xbt::string_printf("%ld: %s", t->aid_, t->to_string().c_str()));
80 void DFSExplorer::log_state() // override
82 on_log_state_signal(get_remote_app());
83 XBT_INFO("DFS exploration ended. %ld unique states visited; %ld backtracks (%lu transition replays, %lu states "
85 State::get_expanded_states(), backtrack_count_, mc_model_checker->get_visited_states(),
86 Transition::get_replayed_transitions());
89 void DFSExplorer::run()
91 on_exploration_start_signal(get_remote_app());
92 /* This function runs the DFS algorithm the state space.
93 * We do so iteratively instead of recursively, dealing with the call stack manually.
94 * This allows one to explore the call stack at will. */
96 while (not stack_.empty()) {
97 /* Get current state */
98 State* state = stack_.back().get();
100 XBT_DEBUG("**************************************************");
101 XBT_DEBUG("Exploration depth=%zu (state:#%ld; %zu interleaves todo)", stack_.size(), state->get_num(),
102 state->count_todo());
104 mc_model_checker->inc_visited_states();
106 // Backtrack if we reached the maximum depth
107 if (stack_.size() > (std::size_t)_sg_mc_max_depth) {
108 if (reduction_mode_ == ReductionMode::dpor) {
109 XBT_ERROR("/!\\ Max depth of %d reached! THIS WILL PROBABLY BREAK the dpor reduction /!\\",
110 _sg_mc_max_depth.get());
111 XBT_ERROR("/!\\ If bad things happen, disable dpor with --cfg=model-check/reduction:none /!\\");
113 XBT_WARN("/!\\ Max depth reached ! /!\\ ");
118 // Backtrack if we are revisiting a state we saw previously
119 if (visited_state_ != nullptr) {
120 XBT_DEBUG("State already visited (equal to state %ld), exploration stopped on this path.",
121 visited_state_->original_num == -1 ? visited_state_->num : visited_state_->original_num);
123 visited_state_ = nullptr;
128 // Search for the next transition
129 aid_t next = state->next_transition();
131 if (next < 0) { // If there is no more transition in the current state, backtrack.
132 XBT_DEBUG("There remains %lu actors, but none to interleave (depth %zu).", state->get_actor_count(),
135 if (state->get_actor_count() == 0) {
136 mc_model_checker->finalize_app();
137 XBT_VERB("Execution came to an end at %s (state: %ld, depth: %zu)", get_record_trace().to_string().c_str(),
138 state->get_num(), stack_.size());
146 if (_sg_mc_sleep_set) {
147 XBT_VERB("Sleep set actually containing:");
148 for (auto & [aid, transition] : state->get_sleep_set()) {
150 XBT_VERB(" <%ld,%s>", aid, transition.to_string().c_str());
154 /* Actually answer the request: let's execute the selected request (MCed does one step) */
155 state->execute_next(next);
156 on_transition_execute_signal(state->get_transition(), get_remote_app());
158 // If there are processes to interleave and the maximum depth has not been
159 // reached then perform one step of the exploration algorithm.
160 XBT_VERB("Execute %ld: %.60s (stack depth: %zu, state: %ld, %zu interleaves)", state->get_transition()->aid_,
161 state->get_transition()->to_string().c_str(), stack_.size(), state->get_num(), state->count_todo());
163 /* Create the new expanded state (copy the state of MCed into our MCer data) */
164 std::unique_ptr<State> next_state;
166 /* If we want sleep set reduction, pass the old state to the new state so it can
167 * both copy the sleep set and eventually removes things from it locally */
168 if (_sg_mc_sleep_set)
169 next_state = std::make_unique<State>(get_remote_app(), state);
171 next_state = std::make_unique<State>(get_remote_app());
173 on_state_creation_signal(next_state.get(), get_remote_app());
176 if (_sg_mc_termination)
177 this->check_non_termination(next_state.get());
179 /* Check whether we already explored next_state in the past (but only if interested in state-equality reduction) */
180 if (_sg_mc_max_visited_states > 0)
181 visited_state_ = visited_states_.addVisitedState(next_state->get_num(), next_state.get());
183 /* If this is a new state (or if we don't care about state-equality reduction) */
184 if (visited_state_ == nullptr) {
185 /* Get an enabled process and insert it in the interleave set of the next state */
186 for (auto const& [aid, _] : next_state->get_actors_list()) {
187 if (next_state->is_actor_enabled(aid) and not next_state->is_actor_done(aid)) {
188 next_state->mark_todo(aid);
189 if (reduction_mode_ == ReductionMode::dpor)
190 break; // With DPOR, we take the first enabled transition
194 mc_model_checker->dot_output("\"%ld\" -> \"%ld\" [%s];\n", state->get_num(), next_state->get_num(),
195 state->get_transition()->dot_string().c_str());
197 mc_model_checker->dot_output("\"%ld\" -> \"%ld\" [%s];\n", state->get_num(),
198 visited_state_->original_num == -1 ? visited_state_->num
199 : visited_state_->original_num,
200 state->get_transition()->dot_string().c_str());
202 stack_.push_back(std::move(next_state));
208 void DFSExplorer::backtrack()
211 XBT_VERB("Backtracking from %s", get_record_trace().to_string().c_str());
212 on_backtracking_signal(get_remote_app());
213 get_remote_app().check_deadlock();
215 /* We may backtrack from somewhere either because it's leaf, or because every enabled process are in done/sleep set.
216 * In the first case, we need to remove the last transition corresponding to the Finalize */
217 if (stack_.back()->get_transition()->aid_ == 0)
220 /* Traverse the stack backwards until a state with a non empty interleave set is found, deleting all the states that
221 * have it empty in the way. For each deleted state, check if the request that has generated it (from its
222 * predecessor state) depends on any other previous request executed before it on another process. If there exists one,
223 * find the more recent, and add its process to the interleave set. If the process is not enabled at this point,
224 * then add every enabled process to the interleave */
225 bool found_backtracking_point = false;
226 while (not stack_.empty() && not found_backtracking_point) {
227 std::unique_ptr<State> state = std::move(stack_.back());
231 XBT_DEBUG("Marking Transition >>%s<< of process %ld done and adding it to the sleep set", state->get_transition()->to_string().c_str(), state->get_transition()->aid_);
232 state->add_sleep_set(state->get_transition()); // Actors are marked done when they are considerd in ActorState
234 if (reduction_mode_ == ReductionMode::dpor) {
235 aid_t issuer_id = state->get_transition()->aid_;
236 for (auto i = stack_.rbegin(); i != stack_.rend(); ++i) {
237 State* prev_state = i->get();
238 if (state->get_transition()->aid_ == prev_state->get_transition()->aid_) {
239 XBT_DEBUG("Simcall >>%s<< and >>%s<< with same issuer %ld", state->get_transition()->to_string().c_str(),
240 prev_state->get_transition()->to_string().c_str(), issuer_id);
242 } else if (prev_state->get_transition()->depends(state->get_transition())) {
243 XBT_VERB("Dependent Transitions:");
244 XBT_VERB(" %s (state=%ld)", prev_state->get_transition()->to_string().c_str(), prev_state->get_num());
245 XBT_VERB(" %s (state=%ld)", state->get_transition()->to_string().c_str(), state->get_num());
247 if (prev_state->is_actor_enabled(issuer_id)){
248 if (not prev_state->is_actor_done(issuer_id))
249 prev_state->mark_todo(issuer_id);
251 XBT_DEBUG("Actor %ld is already in done set: no need to explore it again", issuer_id);
253 XBT_DEBUG("Actor %ld is not enabled: DPOR may be failing. To stay sound, we are marking every enabled transition as todo", issuer_id);
254 prev_state->mark_all_enabled_todo();
258 XBT_VERB("INDEPENDENT Transitions:");
259 XBT_VERB(" %s (state=%ld)", prev_state->get_transition()->to_string().c_str(), prev_state->get_num());
260 XBT_VERB(" %s (state=%ld)", state->get_transition()->to_string().c_str(), state->get_num());
265 if (state->count_todo() == 0) { // Empty interleaving set: exploration at this level is over
266 XBT_DEBUG("Delete state %ld at depth %zu", state->get_num(), stack_.size() + 1);
269 XBT_DEBUG("Back-tracking to state %ld at depth %zu: %lu transitions left to be explored", state->get_num(),
270 stack_.size() + 1, state->count_todo());
271 stack_.push_back(std::move(state)); // Put it back on the stack so we can explore the next transition of the interleave
272 found_backtracking_point = true;
276 if (found_backtracking_point) {
277 /* If asked to rollback on a state that has a snapshot, restore it */
278 State* last_state = stack_.back().get();
279 if (const auto* system_state = last_state->get_system_state()) {
280 system_state->restore(&get_remote_app().get_remote_process());
281 on_restore_system_state_signal(last_state, get_remote_app());
285 /* if no snapshot, we need to restore the initial state and replay the transitions */
286 get_remote_app().restore_initial_state();
287 on_restore_initial_state_signal(get_remote_app());
289 /* Traverse the stack from the state at position start and re-execute the transitions */
290 for (std::unique_ptr<State> const& state : stack_) {
291 if (state == stack_.back()) /* If we are arrived on the target state, don't replay the outgoing transition */
293 state->get_transition()->replay();
294 on_transition_replay_signal(state->get_transition(), get_remote_app());
295 /* Update statistics */
296 mc_model_checker->inc_visited_states();
298 } // If no backtracing point, then the stack is empty and the exploration is over
301 DFSExplorer::DFSExplorer(const std::vector<char*>& args, bool with_dpor) : Exploration(args)
304 reduction_mode_ = ReductionMode::dpor;
306 reduction_mode_ = ReductionMode::none;
308 if (_sg_mc_termination) {
310 XBT_INFO("Check non progressive cycles (turning DPOR off)");
311 reduction_mode_ = ReductionMode::none;
313 XBT_INFO("Check non progressive cycles");
316 XBT_INFO("Start a DFS exploration. Reduction is: %s.", to_c_str(reduction_mode_));
318 auto initial_state = std::make_unique<State>(get_remote_app());
320 XBT_DEBUG("**************************************************");
322 /* Get an enabled actor and insert it in the interleave set of the initial state */
323 XBT_DEBUG("Initial state. %lu actors to consider", initial_state->get_actor_count());
324 for (auto const& [aid, _] : initial_state->get_actors_list()) {
325 if (initial_state->is_actor_enabled(aid)) {
326 initial_state->mark_todo(aid);
327 if (reduction_mode_ == ReductionMode::dpor) {
328 XBT_DEBUG("Actor %ld is TODO, DPOR is ON so let's go for this one.", aid);
331 XBT_DEBUG("Actor %ld is TODO", aid);
335 stack_.push_back(std::move(initial_state));
338 Exploration* create_dfs_exploration(const std::vector<char*>& args, bool with_dpor)
340 return new DFSExplorer(args, with_dpor);
343 } // namespace simgrid::mc