article.cls

   1 %%
   2 %% This is file `article.cls',
   3 %% generated with the docstrip utility.
   4 %%
   5 %% The original source files were:
   6 %%
   7 %% classes.dtx  (with options: `article')
   8 %%
   9 %% This is a generated file.
  10 %%
  11 %% Copyright 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
  12 %% The LaTeX3 Project and any individual authors listed elsewhere
  13 %% in this file.
  14 %%
  15 %% This file was generated from file(s) of the LaTeX base system.
  16 %% --------------------------------------------------------------
  17 %%
  18 %% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
  19 %% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.2
  20 %% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
  21 %% The latest version of this license is in
  22 %%    http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
  23 %% and version 1.2 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
  24 %% version 1999/12/01 or later.
  25 %%
  26 %% This file may only be distributed together with a copy of the LaTeX
  27 %% base system. You may however distribute the LaTeX base system without
  28 %% such generated files.
  29 %%
  30 %% The list of all files belonging to the LaTeX base distribution is
  31 %% given in the file `manifest.txt'. See also `legal.txt' for additional
  32 %% information.
  33 %%
  34 %% \CharacterTable
  35 %%  {Upper-case    \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
  36 %%   Lower-case    \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
  37 %%   Digits        \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
  38 %%   Exclamation   \!     Double quote  \"     Hash (number) \#
  39 %%   Dollar        \$     Percent       \%     Ampersand     \&
  40 %%   Acute accent  \'     Left paren    \(     Right paren   \)
  41 %%   Asterisk      \*     Plus          \+     Comma         \,
  42 %%   Minus         \-     Point         \.     Solidus       \/
  43 %%   Colon         \:     Semicolon     \;     Less than     \<
  44 %%   Equals        \=     Greater than  \>     Question mark \?
  45 %%   Commercial at \@     Left bracket  \[     Backslash     \\
  46 %%   Right bracket \]     Circumflex    \^     Underscore    \_
  47 %%   Grave accent  \`     Left brace    \{     Vertical bar  \|
  48 %%   Right brace   \}     Tilde         \~}
  49 \NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]
  50 \ProvidesClass{article}
  51               [2000/05/19 v1.4b
  52  Standard LaTeX document class]
  53 \newcommand\@ptsize{}
  54 \newif\if@restonecol
  55 \newif\if@titlepage
  56 \@titlepagefalse
  57 \if@compatibility\else
  58 \DeclareOption{a4paper}
  59    {\setlength\paperheight {297mm}%
  60     \setlength\paperwidth  {210mm}}
  61 \DeclareOption{a5paper}
  62    {\setlength\paperheight {210mm}%
  63     \setlength\paperwidth  {148mm}}
  64 \DeclareOption{b5paper}
  65    {\setlength\paperheight {250mm}%
  66     \setlength\paperwidth  {176mm}}
  67 \DeclareOption{letterpaper}
  68    {\setlength\paperheight {11in}%
  69     \setlength\paperwidth  {8.5in}}
  70 \DeclareOption{legalpaper}
  71    {\setlength\paperheight {14in}%
  72     \setlength\paperwidth  {8.5in}}
  73 \DeclareOption{executivepaper}
  74    {\setlength\paperheight {10.5in}%
  75     \setlength\paperwidth  {7.25in}}
  76 \DeclareOption{landscape}
  77    {\setlength\@tempdima   {\paperheight}%
  78     \setlength\paperheight {\paperwidth}%
  79     \setlength\paperwidth  {\@tempdima}}
  80 \fi
  81 \if@compatibility
  82   \renewcommand\@ptsize{0}
  83 \else
  84 \DeclareOption{10pt}{\renewcommand\@ptsize{0}}
  85 \fi
  86 \DeclareOption{11pt}{\renewcommand\@ptsize{1}}
  87 \DeclareOption{12pt}{\renewcommand\@ptsize{2}}
  88 \if@compatibility\else
  89 \DeclareOption{oneside}{\@twosidefalse \@mparswitchfalse}
  90 \fi
  91 \DeclareOption{twoside}{\@twosidetrue  \@mparswitchtrue}
  92 \DeclareOption{draft}{\setlength\overfullrule{5pt}}
  93 \if@compatibility\else
  94 \DeclareOption{final}{\setlength\overfullrule{0pt}}
  95 \fi
  96 \DeclareOption{titlepage}{\@titlepagetrue}
  97 \if@compatibility\else
  98 \DeclareOption{notitlepage}{\@titlepagefalse}
  99 \fi
 100 \if@compatibility\else
 101 \DeclareOption{onecolumn}{\@twocolumnfalse}
 102 \fi
 103 \DeclareOption{twocolumn}{\@twocolumntrue}
 104 \DeclareOption{leqno}{\input{leqno.clo}}
 105 \DeclareOption{fleqn}{\input{fleqn.clo}}
 106 \DeclareOption{openbib}{%
 107   \AtEndOfPackage{%
 108    \renewcommand\@openbib@code{%
 109       \advance\leftmargin\bibindent
 110       \itemindent -\bibindent
 111       \listparindent \itemindent
 112       \parsep \z@
 113       }%
 114    \renewcommand\newblock{\par}}%
 115 }
 116 \ExecuteOptions{letterpaper,10pt,oneside,onecolumn,final}
 117 \ProcessOptions
 118 \input{size1\@ptsize.clo}
 119 \setlength\lineskip{1\p@}
 120 \setlength\normallineskip{1\p@}
 121 \renewcommand\baselinestretch{}
 122 \setlength\parskip{0\p@ \@plus \p@}
 123 \@lowpenalty   51
 124 \@medpenalty  151
 125 \@highpenalty 301
 126 \setcounter{topnumber}{2}
 127 \renewcommand\topfraction{.7}
 128 \setcounter{bottomnumber}{1}
 129 \renewcommand\bottomfraction{.3}
 130 \setcounter{totalnumber}{3}
 131 \renewcommand\textfraction{.2}
 132 \renewcommand\floatpagefraction{.5}
 133 \setcounter{dbltopnumber}{2}
 134 \renewcommand\dbltopfraction{.7}
 135 \renewcommand\dblfloatpagefraction{.5}
 136 \if@twoside
 137   \def\ps@headings{%
 138       \let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty
 139       \def\@evenhead{\thepage\hfil\slshape\leftmark}%
 140       \def\@oddhead{{\slshape\rightmark}\hfil\thepage}%
 141       \let\@mkboth\markboth
 142     \def\sectionmark##1{%
 143       \markboth {\MakeUppercase{%
 144         \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\z@
 145           \thesection\quad
 146         \fi
 147         ##1}}{}}%
 148     \def\subsectionmark##1{%
 149       \markright {%
 150         \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\@ne
 151           \thesubsection\quad
 152         \fi
 153         ##1}}}
 154 \else
 155   \def\ps@headings{%
 156     \let\@oddfoot\@empty
 157     \def\@oddhead{{\slshape\rightmark}\hfil\thepage}%
 158     \let\@mkboth\markboth
 159     \def\sectionmark##1{%
 160       \markright {\MakeUppercase{%
 161         \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
 162           \thesection\quad
 163         \fi
 164         ##1}}}}
 165 \fi
 166 \def\ps@myheadings{%
 167     \let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty
 168     \def\@evenhead{\thepage\hfil\slshape\leftmark}%
 169     \def\@oddhead{{\slshape\rightmark}\hfil\thepage}%
 170     \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
 171     \let\sectionmark\@gobble
 172     \let\subsectionmark\@gobble
 173     }
 174   \if@titlepage
 175   \newcommand\maketitle{\begin{titlepage}%
 176   \let\footnotesize\small
 177   \let\footnoterule\relax
 178   \let \footnote \thanks
 179   \null\vfil
 180   \vskip 60\p@
 181   \begin{center}%
 182     {\LARGE \@title \par}%
 183     \vskip 3em%
 184     {\large
 185      \lineskip .75em%
 186       \begin{tabular}[t]{c}%
 187         \@author
 188       \end{tabular}\par}%
 189       \vskip 1.5em%
 190     {\large \@date \par}%       % Set date in \large size.
 191   \end{center}\par
 192   \@thanks
 193   \vfil\null
 194   \end{titlepage}%
 195   \setcounter{footnote}{0}%
 196   \global\let\thanks\relax
 197   \global\let\maketitle\relax
 198   \global\let\@thanks\@empty
 199   \global\let\@author\@empty
 200   \global\let\@date\@empty
 201   \global\let\@title\@empty
 202   \global\let\title\relax
 203   \global\let\author\relax
 204   \global\let\date\relax
 205   \global\let\and\relax
 206 }
 207 \else
 208 \newcommand\maketitle{\par
 209   \begingroup
 210     \renewcommand\thefootnote{\@fnsymbol\c@footnote}%
 211     \def\@makefnmark{\rlap{\@textsuperscript{\normalfont\@thefnmark}}}%
 212     \long\def\@makefntext##1{\parindent 1em\noindent
 213             \hb@xt@1.8em{%
 214                 \hss\@textsuperscript{\normalfont\@thefnmark}}##1}%
 215     \if@twocolumn
 216       \ifnum \col@number=\@ne
 217         \@maketitle
 218       \else
 219         \twocolumn[\@maketitle]%
 220       \fi
 221     \else
 222       \newpage
 223       \global\@topnum\z@   % Prevents figures from going at top of page.
 224       \@maketitle
 225     \fi
 226     \thispagestyle{plain}\@thanks
 227   \endgroup
 228   \setcounter{footnote}{0}%
 229   \global\let\thanks\relax
 230   \global\let\maketitle\relax
 231   \global\let\@maketitle\relax
 232   \global\let\@thanks\@empty
 233   \global\let\@author\@empty
 234   \global\let\@date\@empty
 235   \global\let\@title\@empty
 236   \global\let\title\relax
 237   \global\let\author\relax
 238   \global\let\date\relax
 239   \global\let\and\relax
 240 }
 241 \def\@maketitle{%
 242   \newpage
 243   \null
 244   \vskip 2em%
 245   \begin{center}%
 246   \let \footnote \thanks
 247     {\LARGE \@title \par}%
 248     \vskip 1.5em%
 249     {\large
 250       \lineskip .5em%
 251       \begin{tabular}[t]{c}%
 252         \@author
 253       \end{tabular}\par}%
 254     \vskip 1em%
 255     {\large \@date}%
 256   \end{center}%
 257   \par
 258   \vskip 1.5em}
 259 \fi
 260 \setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
 261 \newcounter {part}
 262 \newcounter {section}
 263 \newcounter {subsection}[section]
 264 \newcounter {subsubsection}[subsection]
 265 \newcounter {paragraph}[subsubsection]
 266 \newcounter {subparagraph}[paragraph]
 267 \renewcommand \thepart {\@Roman\c@part}
 268 \renewcommand \thesection {\@arabic\c@section}
 269 \renewcommand\thesubsection   {\thesection.\@arabic\c@subsection}
 270 \renewcommand\thesubsubsection{\thesubsection .\@arabic\c@subsubsection}
 271 \renewcommand\theparagraph    {\thesubsubsection.\@arabic\c@paragraph}
 272 \renewcommand\thesubparagraph {\theparagraph.\@arabic\c@subparagraph}
 273 \newcommand\part{%
 274    \if@noskipsec \leavevmode \fi
 275    \par
 276    \addvspace{4ex}%
 277    \@afterindentfalse
 278    \secdef\@part\@spart}
 279
 280 \def\@part[#1]#2{%
 281     \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
 282       \refstepcounter{part}%
 283       \addcontentsline{toc}{part}{\thepart\hspace{1em}#1}%
 284     \else
 285       \addcontentsline{toc}{part}{#1}%
 286     \fi
 287     {\parindent \z@ \raggedright
 288      \interlinepenalty \@M
 289      \normalfont
 290      \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
 291        \Large\bfseries \partname~\thepart
 292        \par\nobreak
 293      \fi
 294      \huge \bfseries #2%
 295      \markboth{}{}\par}%
 296     \nobreak
 297     \vskip 3ex
 298     \@afterheading}
 299 \def\@spart#1{%
 300     {\parindent \z@ \raggedright
 301      \interlinepenalty \@M
 302      \normalfont
 303      \huge \bfseries #1\par}%
 304      \nobreak
 305      \vskip 3ex
 306      \@afterheading}
 307 \newcommand\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}%
 308                                    {-3.5ex \@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
 309                                    {2.3ex \@plus.2ex}%
 310                                    {\normalfont\Large\bfseries}}
 311 \newcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
 312                                      {-3.25ex\@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
 313                                      {1.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
 314                                      {\normalfont\large\bfseries}}
 315 \newcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
 316                                      {-3.25ex\@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
 317                                      {1.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
 318                                      {\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries}}
 319 \newcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
 320                                     {3.25ex \@plus1ex \@minus.2ex}%
 321                                     {-1em}%
 322                                     {\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries}}
 323 \newcommand\subparagraph{\@startsection{subparagraph}{5}{\parindent}%
 324                                        {3.25ex \@plus1ex \@minus .2ex}%
 325                                        {-1em}%
 326                                       {\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries}}
 327 \if@twocolumn
 328   \setlength\leftmargini  {2em}
 329 \else
 330   \setlength\leftmargini  {2.5em}
 331 \fi
 332 \leftmargin  \leftmargini
 333 \setlength\leftmarginii  {2.2em}
 334 \setlength\leftmarginiii {1.87em}
 335 \setlength\leftmarginiv  {1.7em}
 336 \if@twocolumn
 337   \setlength\leftmarginv  {.5em}
 338   \setlength\leftmarginvi {.5em}
 339 \else
 340   \setlength\leftmarginv  {1em}
 341   \setlength\leftmarginvi {1em}
 342 \fi
 343 \setlength  \labelsep  {.5em}
 344 \setlength  \labelwidth{\leftmargini}
 345 \addtolength\labelwidth{-\labelsep}
 346 \@beginparpenalty -\@lowpenalty
 347 \@endparpenalty   -\@lowpenalty
 348 \@itempenalty     -\@lowpenalty
 349 \renewcommand\theenumi{\@arabic\c@enumi}
 350 \renewcommand\theenumii{\@alph\c@enumii}
 351 \renewcommand\theenumiii{\@roman\c@enumiii}
 352 \renewcommand\theenumiv{\@Alph\c@enumiv}
 353 \newcommand\labelenumi{\theenumi.}
 354 \newcommand\labelenumii{(\theenumii)}
 355 \newcommand\labelenumiii{\theenumiii.}
 356 \newcommand\labelenumiv{\theenumiv.}
 357 \renewcommand\p@enumii{\theenumi}
 358 \renewcommand\p@enumiii{\theenumi(\theenumii)}
 359 \renewcommand\p@enumiv{\p@enumiii\theenumiii}
 360 \newcommand\labelitemi{\textbullet}
 361 \newcommand\labelitemii{\normalfont\bfseries \textendash}
 362 \newcommand\labelitemiii{\textasteriskcentered}
 363 \newcommand\labelitemiv{\textperiodcentered}
 364 \newenvironment{description}
 365                {\list{}{\labelwidth\z@ \itemindent-\leftmargin
 366                         \let\makelabel\descriptionlabel}}
 367                {\endlist}
 368 \newcommand*\descriptionlabel[1]{\hspace\labelsep
 369                                 \normalfont\bfseries #1}
 370 \if@titlepage
 371   \newenvironment{abstract}{%
 372       \titlepage
 373       \null\vfil
 374       \@beginparpenalty\@lowpenalty
 375       \begin{center}%
 376         \bfseries \abstractname
 377         \@endparpenalty\@M
 378       \end{center}}%
 379      {\par\vfil\null\endtitlepage}
 380 \else
 381   \newenvironment{abstract}{%
 382       \if@twocolumn
 383         \section*{\abstractname}%
 384       \else
 385         \small
 386         \begin{center}%
 387           {\bfseries \abstractname\vspace{-.5em}\vspace{\z@}}%
 388         \end{center}%
 389         \quotation
 390       \fi}
 391       {\if@twocolumn\else\endquotation\fi}
 392 \fi
 393 \newenvironment{verse}
 394                {\let\\\@centercr
 395                 \list{}{\itemsep      \z@
 396                         \itemindent   -1.5em%
 397                         \listparindent\itemindent
 398                         \rightmargin  \leftmargin
 399                         \advance\leftmargin 1.5em}%
 400                 \item\relax}
 401                {\endlist}
 402 \newenvironment{quotation}
 403                {\list{}{\listparindent 1.5em%
 404                         \itemindent    \listparindent
 405                         \rightmargin   \leftmargin
 406                         \parsep        \z@ \@plus\p@}%
 407                 \item\relax}
 408                {\endlist}
 409 \newenvironment{quote}
 410                {\list{}{\rightmargin\leftmargin}%
 411                 \item\relax}
 412                {\endlist}
 413 \if@compatibility
 414 \newenvironment{titlepage}
 415     {%
 416       \if@twocolumn
 417         \@restonecoltrue\onecolumn
 418       \else
 419         \@restonecolfalse\newpage
 420       \fi
 421       \thispagestyle{empty}%
 422       \setcounter{page}\z@
 423     }%
 424     {\if@restonecol\twocolumn \else \newpage \fi
 425     }
 426 \else
 427 \newenvironment{titlepage}
 428     {%
 429       \if@twocolumn
 430         \@restonecoltrue\onecolumn
 431       \else
 432         \@restonecolfalse\newpage
 433       \fi
 434       \thispagestyle{empty}%
 435       \setcounter{page}\@ne
 436     }%
 437     {\if@restonecol\twocolumn \else \newpage \fi
 438      \if@twoside\else
 439         \setcounter{page}\@ne
 440      \fi
 441     }
 442 \fi
 443 \newcommand\appendix{\par
 444   \setcounter{section}{0}%
 445   \setcounter{subsection}{0}%
 446   \gdef\thesection{\@Alph\c@section}}
 447 \setlength\arraycolsep{5\p@}
 448 \setlength\tabcolsep{6\p@}
 449 \setlength\arrayrulewidth{.4\p@}
 450 \setlength\doublerulesep{2\p@}
 451 \setlength\tabbingsep{\labelsep}
 452 \skip\@mpfootins = \skip\footins
 453 \setlength\fboxsep{3\p@}
 454 \setlength\fboxrule{.4\p@}
 455 \renewcommand \theequation {\@arabic\c@equation}
 456 \newcounter{figure}
 457 \renewcommand \thefigure {\@arabic\c@figure}
 458 \def\fps@figure{tbp}
 459 \def\ftype@figure{1}
 460 \def\ext@figure{lof}
 461 \def\fnum@figure{\figurename~\thefigure}
 462 \newenvironment{figure}
 463                {\@float{figure}}
 464                {\end@float}
 465 \newenvironment{figure*}
 466                {\@dblfloat{figure}}
 467                {\end@dblfloat}
 468 \newcounter{table}
 469 \renewcommand\thetable{\@arabic\c@table}
 470 \def\fps@table{tbp}
 471 \def\ftype@table{2}
 472 \def\ext@table{lot}
 473 \def\fnum@table{\tablename~\thetable}
 474 \newenvironment{table}
 475                {\@float{table}}
 476                {\end@float}
 477 \newenvironment{table*}
 478                {\@dblfloat{table}}
 479                {\end@dblfloat}
 480 \newlength\abovecaptionskip
 481 \newlength\belowcaptionskip
 482 \setlength\abovecaptionskip{10\p@}
 483 \setlength\belowcaptionskip{0\p@}
 484 \long\def\@makecaption#1#2{%
 485   \vskip\abovecaptionskip
 486   \sbox\@tempboxa{#1: #2}%
 487   \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize
 488     #1: #2\par
 489   \else
 490     \global \@minipagefalse
 491     \hb@xt@\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}%
 492   \fi
 493   \vskip\belowcaptionskip}
 494 \DeclareOldFontCommand{\rm}{\normalfont\rmfamily}{\mathrm}
 495 \DeclareOldFontCommand{\sf}{\normalfont\sffamily}{\mathsf}
 496 \DeclareOldFontCommand{\tt}{\normalfont\ttfamily}{\mathtt}
 497 \DeclareOldFontCommand{\bf}{\normalfont\bfseries}{\mathbf}
 498 \DeclareOldFontCommand{\it}{\normalfont\itshape}{\mathit}
 499 \DeclareOldFontCommand{\sl}{\normalfont\slshape}{\@nomath\sl}
 500 \DeclareOldFontCommand{\sc}{\normalfont\scshape}{\@nomath\sc}
 501 \DeclareRobustCommand*\cal{\@fontswitch\relax\mathcal}
 502 \DeclareRobustCommand*\mit{\@fontswitch\relax\mathnormal}
 503 \newcommand\@pnumwidth{1.55em}
 504 \newcommand\@tocrmarg{2.55em}
 505 \newcommand\@dotsep{4.5}
 506 \setcounter{tocdepth}{3}
 507 \newcommand\tableofcontents{%
 508     \section*{\contentsname
 509         \@mkboth{%
 510            \MakeUppercase\contentsname}{\MakeUppercase\contentsname}}%
 511     \@starttoc{toc}%
 512     }
 513 \newcommand*\l@part[2]{%
 514   \ifnum \c@tocdepth >-2\relax
 515     \addpenalty\@secpenalty
 516     \addvspace{2.25em \@plus\p@}%
 517     \begingroup
 518       \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
 519       \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
 520       {\leavevmode
 521        \large \bfseries #1\hfil \hb@xt@\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}}\par
 522        \nobreak
 523        \if@compatibility
 524          \global\@nobreaktrue
 525          \everypar{\global\@nobreakfalse\everypar{}}%
 526       \fi
 527     \endgroup
 528   \fi}
 529 \newcommand*\l@section[2]{%
 530   \ifnum \c@tocdepth >\z@
 531     \addpenalty\@secpenalty
 532     \addvspace{1.0em \@plus\p@}%
 533     \setlength\@tempdima{1.5em}%
 534     \begingroup
 535       \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
 536       \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
 537       \leavevmode \bfseries
 538       \advance\leftskip\@tempdima
 539       \hskip -\leftskip
 540       #1\nobreak\hfil \nobreak\hb@xt@\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par
 541     \endgroup
 542   \fi}
 543 \newcommand*\l@subsection{\@dottedtocline{2}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
 544 \newcommand*\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{3.8em}{3.2em}}
 545 \newcommand*\l@paragraph{\@dottedtocline{4}{7.0em}{4.1em}}
 546 \newcommand*\l@subparagraph{\@dottedtocline{5}{10em}{5em}}
 547 \newcommand\listoffigures{%
 548     \section*{\listfigurename
 549       \@mkboth{\MakeUppercase\listfigurename}%
 550               {\MakeUppercase\listfigurename}}%
 551     \@starttoc{lof}%
 552     }
 553 \newcommand*\l@figure{\@dottedtocline{1}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
 554 \newcommand\listoftables{%
 555     \section*{\listtablename
 556       \@mkboth{%
 557           \MakeUppercase\listtablename}{\MakeUppercase\listtablename}}%
 558     \@starttoc{lot}%
 559     }
 560 \let\l@table\l@figure
 561 \newdimen\bibindent
 562 \setlength\bibindent{1.5em}
 563 \newenvironment{thebibliography}[1]
 564      {\section*{\refname
 565         \@mkboth{\MakeUppercase\refname}{\MakeUppercase\refname}}%
 566       \list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
 567            {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
 568             \leftmargin\labelwidth
 569             \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
 570             \@openbib@code
 571             \usecounter{enumiv}%
 572             \let\p@enumiv\@empty
 573             \renewcommand\theenumiv{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
 574       \sloppy
 575       \clubpenalty4000
 576       \@clubpenalty \clubpenalty
 577       \widowpenalty4000%
 578       \sfcode`\.\@m}
 579      {\def\@noitemerr
 580        {\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}%
 581       \endlist}
 582 \newcommand\newblock{\hskip .11em\@plus.33em\@minus.07em}
 583 \let\@openbib@code\@empty
 584 \newenvironment{theindex}
 585                {\if@twocolumn
 586                   \@restonecolfalse
 587                 \else
 588                   \@restonecoltrue
 589                 \fi
 590                 \columnseprule \z@
 591                 \columnsep 35\p@
 592                 \twocolumn[\section*{\indexname}]%
 593                 \@mkboth{\MakeUppercase\indexname}%
 594                         {\MakeUppercase\indexname}%
 595                 \thispagestyle{plain}\parindent\z@
 596                 \parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax
 597                 \let\item\@idxitem}
 598                {\if@restonecol\onecolumn\else\clearpage\fi}
 599 \newcommand\@idxitem{\par\hangindent 40\p@}
 600 \newcommand\subitem{\@idxitem \hspace*{20\p@}}
 601 \newcommand\subsubitem{\@idxitem \hspace*{30\p@}}
 602 \newcommand\indexspace{\par \vskip 10\p@ \@plus5\p@ \@minus3\p@\relax}
 603 \renewcommand\footnoterule{%
 604   \kern-3\p@
 605   \hrule\@width.4\columnwidth
 606   \kern2.6\p@}
 607 \newcommand\@makefntext[1]{%
 608     \parindent 1em%
 609     \noindent
 610     \hb@xt@1.8em{\hss\@makefnmark}#1}
 611 \newcommand\contentsname{Contents}
 612 \newcommand\listfigurename{List of Figures}
 613 \newcommand\listtablename{List of Tables}
 614 \newcommand\refname{References}
 615 \newcommand\indexname{Index}
 616 \newcommand\figurename{\small Figure}
 617 \newcommand\tablename{Table}
 618 \newcommand\partname{Part}
 619 \newcommand\appendixname{Appendix}
 620 \newcommand\abstractname{Abstract}
 621 \def\today{\ifcase\month\or
 622   January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or
 623   July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi
 624   \space\number\day, \number\year}
 625 \setlength\columnsep{10\p@}
 626 \setlength\columnseprule{0\p@}
 627 \pagestyle{plain}
 628 \pagenumbering{arabic}
 629 \if@twoside
 630 \else
 631   \raggedbottom
 632 \fi
 633 \if@twocolumn
 634   \twocolumn
 635   \sloppy
 636   \flushbottom
 637 \else
 638   \onecolumn
 639 \fi
 640 \endinput
 641 %%
 642 %% End of file `article.cls'.