1 Let us finally present the pseudorandom number generator $\chi_{\textit{16HamG}}$,
2 which is based on random walks in $\Gamma_{\{b\}}(f)$.
3 More precisely, let be given a Boolean map $f:\Bool^{\mathsf{N}} \rightarrow
5 a PRNG \textit{Random},
6 an integer $b$ that corresponds to an iteration number (\textit{i.e.}, the length of the walk), and
7 an initial configuration $x^0$.
8 Starting from $x^0$, the algorithm repeats $b$ times
9 a random choice of which edge to follow, and traverses this edge
10 provided it is allowed to do so, \textit{i.e.},
11 when $\textit{Random}(1)$ is not null.
12 The final configuration is thus outputted.
13 This PRNG is formalized in Algorithm~\ref{CI Algorithm:2}.
19 \KwIn{a function $f$, an iteration number $b$, an initial configuration $x^0$ ($\mathsf{N}$ bits)}
20 \KwOut{a configuration $x$ ($\mathsf{N}$ bits)}
24 \If{$\textit{Random}(1) \neq 0$}{
25 $s^0\leftarrow{\textit{Random}(\mathsf{N})}$\;
26 $x\leftarrow{F_f(x,s^0)}$\;
31 \caption{Pseudo Code of the $\chi_{\textit{16HamG}}$ PRNG}
32 \label{CI Algorithm:2}
36 This PRNG is slightly different from $\chi_{\textit{14Secrypt}}$
37 recalled in Algorithm~\ref{CI Algorithm}.
38 As this latter, the length of the random
39 walk of our algorithm is always constant (and is equal to $b$).
40 However, in the current version, we add the constraint that
41 the probability to execute the function $F_f$ is equal to 0.5 since
42 the output of $\textit{Random(1)}$ is uniform in $\{0,1\}$.
43 This constraint is added to match the theoretical framework of
44 Sect.~\ref{sec:hypercube}.
48 Notice that the chaos property of $G_f$ given in Sect.\ref{sec:proofOfChaos}
49 only requires that the graph $\Gamma_{\{b\}}(f)$ is strongly connected.
50 Since the $\chi_{\textit{16HamG}}$ algorithm
51 only adds probability constraints on existing edges,
52 it preserves this property.
55 For each number $\mathsf{N}=4,5,6,7,8$ of bits, we have generated
56 the functions according to the method
57 given in Sect.~\ref{sec:hamilton}.
58 % MENTION FILTRAGE POSSIBLE LORS DE CONSTRUCTION... (SCV)
59 For each $\mathsf{N}$, we have then restricted this evaluation to the function
60 whose Markov Matrix (issued from Eq.~(\ref{eq:Markov:rairo}))
61 has the smallest practical mixing time.
63 given in Table~\ref{table:nc}.
64 In this table, let us consider for instance
65 the function $\textcircled{a}$ from $\Bool^4$ to $\Bool^4$
66 defined by the following images :
67 $[13, 10, 9, 14, 3, 11, 1, 12, 15, 4, 7, 5, 2, 6, 0, 8]$.
68 In other words, the image of $3~(0011)$ by $\textcircled{a}$ is $14~(1110)$:
69 it is obtained as the binary value of the fourth element in
70 the second list (namely~14).
72 In this table the column that is labeled with $b$ %(respectively by $E[\tau]$)
73 gives the practical mixing time
74 where the deviation to the standard distribution is lesser than $10^{-6}$.
75 %(resp. the theoretical upper bound of stopping time as described in Sect.~\ref{sec:hypercube}).
82 \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}
84 Function $f$ & $f(x)$, for $x$ in $(0,1,2,\hdots,2^n-1)$ & $\mathsf{N}$ & $b$
88 $\textcircled{a}$&[13,10,9,14,3,11,1,12,15,4,7,5,2,6,0,8]&4&64\\
92 [29, 22, 25, 30, 19, 27, 24, 16, 21, 6, 5, 28, 23, 26, 1, 17, & 5 & 78 \\
94 31, 12, 15, 8, 10, 14, 13, 9, 3, 2, 7, 20, 11, 18, 0, 4]
99 [55, 60, 45, 44, 58, 62, 61, 48, 53, 50, 52, 36, 59, 34, 33, 49,
102 15, 42, 47, 46, 35, 10, 57, 56, 7, 54, 39, 37, 51, 2, 1, 40, 63,
105 26, 25, 30, 19, 27, 17, 28, 31, 20, 23, 21, 18, 22, 16, 24, 13,
108 12, 29, 8, 43, 14, 41, 0, 5, 38, 4, 6, 11, 3, 9, 32]
113 [111, 124, 93, 120, 122, 90, 113, 88, 115, 126, 125, 84, 123, 98,
115 &112, 96, 109, 106, 77, 110, 99, 74, 104, 72, 71, 100, 117, 116,
117 &103, 102, 65, 97, 31, 86, 95, 28, 27, 91, 121, 92, 119, 118, 69,
119 &68, 87, 114, 89, 81, 15, 76, 79, 108, 107, 10, 105, 8, 7, 6, 101,
121 $\textcircled{d}$&70, 75, 82, 64, 0, 127, 54, 53, 62, 51, 59, 56, 60, 39, 52, 37,
123 &36, 55, 58, 57, 49, 63, 44, 47, 40, 42, 46, 45, 41, 35, 34, 33,
125 &38, 43, 50, 32, 48, 29, 94, 61, 24, 26, 18, 17, 25, 19, 30, 85,
127 &22, 83, 2, 16, 80, 13, 78, 9, 14, 3, 11, 73, 12, 23, 4, 21, 20,
137 [111, 94, 93, 116, 122, 90, 125, 88, 115, 126, 119, 84, 123, 98,
140 81, 120, 109, 106, 105, 110, 99, 107, 104, 72, 71, 118, 117,
143 96, 103, 102, 113, 64, 79, 86, 95, 124, 83, 91, 121, 24, 85, 22,
145 69, 20, 19, 114, 17, 112, 77, 76, 13, 108, 74, 10, 9, 73, 67, 66,
149 101, 100, 75, 82, 97, 0, 127, 54, 57, 62, 51, 59, 56, 48, 53, 38,
152 37, 60, 55, 58, 33, 49, 63, 44, 47, 40, 42, 46, 45, 41, 35, 34,
155 39, 52, 43, 50, 32, 36, 29, 28, 61, 92, 26, 18, 89, 25, 87, 30,
158 23, 4, 27, 2, 16, 80, 31, 78, 15, 14, 3, 11, 8, 12, 5, 70, 21,
168 [223, 190, 249, 254, 187, 251, 233, 232, 183, 230, 247, 180, 227,
171 178, 240, 248, 237, 236, 253, 172, 203, 170, 201, 168, 229, 166,
174 165, 244, 163, 242, 241, 192, 215, 220, 205, 216, 218, 222, 221,
177 208, 213, 210, 212, 214, 219, 211, 217, 209, 239, 202, 207, 140,
180 139, 234, 193, 204, 135, 196, 199, 132, 194, 130, 225, 200, 159,
183 62, 185, 252, 59, 250, 169, 56, 191, 246, 245, 52, 243, 50, 176,
186 48, 173, 238, 189, 44, 235, 42, 137, 184, 231, 38, 37, 228, 35,
189 226, 177, 224, 151, 156, 141, 152, 154, 158, 157, 144, 149, 146,
192 148, 150, 155, 147, 153, 145, 175, 206, 143, 136, 11, 142, 129,
195 8, 7, 198, 197, 4, 195, 2, 161, 160, 255, 124, 109, 108, 122,
198 126, 125, 112, 117, 114, 116, 100, 123, 98, 97, 113, 79, 106,
201 111, 110, 99, 74, 121, 120, 71, 118, 103, 101, 115, 66, 65,
204 104, 127, 90, 89, 94, 83, 91, 81, 92, 95, 84, 87, 85, 82, 86,
207 80, 88, 77, 76, 93, 72, 107, 78, 105, 64, 69, 102, 68, 70, 75,
210 67, 73, 96, 55, 58, 45, 188, 51, 186, 61, 40, 119, 182, 181,
213 53, 179, 54, 33, 49, 15, 174, 47, 60, 171, 46, 57, 32, 167, 6,
216 36, 164, 43, 162, 1, 0, 63, 26, 25, 30, 19, 27, 17, 28, 31,
219 20, 23, 21, 18, 22, 16, 24, 13, 10, 29, 14, 3, 138, 41, 12,
222 39, 134, 133, 5, 131, 34, 9, 128]
228 \caption{Functions with DSCC Matrix and smallest MT\label{table:nc}}
233 Let us first discuss about results against the NIST test suite.
234 In our experiments, 100 sequences (s = 100) of 1,000,000 bits are generated and tested.
235 If the value $\mathbb{P}_T$ of any test is smaller than 0.0001, the sequences are considered to be not good enough
236 and the generator is unsuitable. Table~\ref{The passing rate} shows $\mathbb{P}_T$ of sequences based on discrete
237 chaotic iterations using different schemes. If there are at least two statistical values in a test, this test is
238 marked with an asterisk and the average value is computed to characterize the statistics.
239 We can see in Table \ref{The passing rate} that all the rates are greater than 97/100, \textit{i.e.}, all the generators
240 achieve to pass the NIST battery of tests.
245 \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
248 \setlength{\tabcolsep}{2pt}
251 \begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|l|l|}
253 Method &$\textcircled{a}$& $\textcircled{b}$ & $\textcircled{c}$ & $\textcircled{d}$ & $\textcircled{e}$ \\ \hline\hline
254 Frequency (Monobit)& 0.851 (0.98)& 0.719 (0.99)& 0.699 (0.99)& 0.514 (1.0)& 0.798 (0.99)\\ \hline
255 Frequency (Monobit)& 0.851 (0.98)& 0.719 (0.99)& 0.699 (0.99)& 0.514 (1.0)& 0.798 (0.99)\\ \hline
256 Frequency within a Block& 0.262 (0.98)& 0.699 (0.98)& 0.867 (0.99)& 0.145 (1.0)& 0.455 (0.99)\\ \hline
257 Cumulative Sums (Cusum) *& 0.301 (0.98)& 0.521 (0.99)& 0.688 (0.99)& 0.888 (1.0)& 0.598 (1.0)\\ \hline
258 Runs& 0.224 (0.97)& 0.383 (0.97)& 0.108 (0.96)& 0.213 (0.99)& 0.616 (0.99)\\ \hline
259 Longest Run of 1s & 0.383 (1.0)& 0.474 (1.0)& 0.983 (0.99)& 0.699 (0.98)& 0.897 (0.96)\\ \hline
260 Binary Matrix Rank& 0.213 (1.0)& 0.867 (0.99)& 0.494 (0.98)& 0.162 (0.99)& 0.924 (0.99)\\ \hline
261 Disc. Fourier Transf. (Spect.)& 0.474 (1.0)& 0.739 (0.99)& 0.012 (1.0)& 0.678 (0.98)& 0.437 (0.99)\\ \hline
262 Unoverlapping Templ. Match.*& 0.505 (0.990)& 0.521 (0.990)& 0.510 (0.989)& 0.511 (0.990)& 0.499 (0.990)\\ \hline
263 Overlapping Temp. Match.& 0.574 (0.98)& 0.304 (0.99)& 0.437 (0.97)& 0.759 (0.98)& 0.275 (0.99)\\ \hline
264 Maurer's Universal Statistical& 0.759 (0.96)& 0.699 (0.97)& 0.191 (0.98)& 0.699 (1.0)& 0.798 (0.97)\\ \hline
265 Approximate Entropy (m=10)& 0.759 (0.99)& 0.162 (0.99)& 0.867 (0.99)& 0.534 (1.0)& 0.616 (0.99)\\ \hline
266 Random Excursions *& 0.666 (0.994)& 0.410 (0.962)& 0.287 (0.998)& 0.365 (0.994)& 0.480 (0.985)\\ \hline
267 Random Excursions Variant *& 0.337 (0.988)& 0.519 (0.984)& 0.549 (0.994)& 0.225 (0.995)& 0.533 (0.993)\\ \hline
268 Serial* (m=10)& 0.630 (0.99)& 0.529 (0.99)& 0.460 (0.99)& 0.302 (0.995)& 0.360 (0.985)\\ \hline
269 Linear Complexity& 0.719 (1.0)& 0.739 (0.99)& 0.759 (0.98)& 0.122 (0.97)& 0.514 (0.99)\\ \hline
273 \caption{NIST SP 800-22 test results ($\mathbb{P}_T$)}
274 \label{The passing rate}
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