4 Copyright (c) 2002-2008 by Michael Shell
5 See: http://www.michaelshell.org/
6 for current contact information.
8 This is an example BibTeX database for the official IEEEtran.bst
11 Some entries call strings that are defined in the IEEEabrv.bib file.
12 Therefore, IEEEabrv.bib should be loaded prior to this file.
15 \bibliographystyle{./IEEEtran}
16 \bibliography{./IEEEabrv,./IEEEexample}
20 http://www.michaelshell.org/tex/ieeetran/
21 http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/IEEEtran/
25 *************************************************************************
27 This code is offered as-is without any warranty either expressed or
28 implied; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
29 FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE!
30 User assumes all risk.
31 In no event shall IEEE or any contributor to this code be liable for
32 any damages or losses, including, but not limited to, incidental,
33 consequential, or any other damages, resulting from the use or misuse
34 of any information contained here.
36 All comments are the opinions of their respective authors and are not
37 necessarily endorsed by the IEEE.
39 This work is distributed under the LaTeX Project Public License (LPPL)
40 ( http://www.latex-project.org/ ) version 1.3, and may be freely used,
41 distributed and modified. A copy of the LPPL, version 1.3, is included
42 in the base LaTeX documentation of all distributions of LaTeX released
44 Retain all contribution notices and credits.
45 ** Modified files should be clearly indicated as such, including **
46 ** renaming them and changing author support contact information. **
48 File list of work: IEEEabrv.bib, IEEEfull.bib, IEEEexample.bib,
49 IEEEtran.bst, IEEEtranS.bst, IEEEtranSA.bst,
50 IEEEtranN.bst, IEEEtranSN.bst, IEEEtran_bst_HOWTO.pdf
51 *************************************************************************
54 Note that, because the example references were taken from actual IEEE
55 publications, these examples do not always contain the full amount
56 of information that may be desirable (for use with other BibTeX styles).
57 In particular, full names (not abbreviated with initials) should be
58 entered whenever possible as some (non-IEEE) bibliography styles use
59 full names. IEEEtran.bst will automatically abbreviate when it encounters
65 references for the IEEEtran.bst documentation
67 @electronic{IEEEhowto:IEEEtranpage,
68 author = "Michael Shell",
69 title = "{IEEE}tran Homepage",
70 url = "http://www.michaelshell.org/tex/ieeetran/",
75 the distribution site for IEEEtran.bst
76 @electronic{IEEEexample:shellCTANpage,
77 author = "Michael Shell",
78 title = "{IEEE}tran Webpage on {CTAN}",
79 url = "http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/IEEEtran/",
85 sort key is needed for sorting styles
86 @electronic{IEEEexample:IEEEwebsite,
87 title = "The {IEEE} Website",
88 url = "http://www.ieee.org/",
94 The BibTeX user's guide.
95 The filename could have been put in the URL instead. But, there might
96 be other interesting things for the user in the same directory - and
97 the filename might change before the directory that contains it.
98 @electronic{IEEEexample:bibtexuser,
99 author = "Oren Patashnik",
100 title = "{{\BibTeX}}ing",
101 howpublished = "{btxdoc.pdf}",
102 url = "http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/biblio/bibtex/contrib/doc/",
108 The BibTeX style designer's guide.
109 @electronic{IEEEexample:bibtexdesign,
110 author = "Oren Patashnik",
111 title = "Designing {{\BibTeX}} Styles",
112 howpublished = "{btxhak.pdf}",
113 url = "http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/biblio/bibtex/contrib/doc/",
119 A comprehensive BibTeX tutorial.
120 @electronic{IEEEexample:tamethebeast,
121 author = "Nicolas Markey",
122 title = "Tame the BeaST --- The B to X of {{\BibTeX}}",
123 url = "http://tug.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/bibtex/tamethebeast/",
129 The BibTeX Tips and FAQ guide.
130 @electronic{IEEEexample:bibtexFAQ,
131 author = "David Hoadley and Michael Shell",
132 title = "{{\BibTeX}} Tips and {FAQ}",
133 howpublished = "{btxFAQ.pdf}",
134 url = "http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/biblio/bibtex/contrib/doc/",
141 @electronic{IEEEexample:texfaq,
142 author = "Robin Fairbairns",
143 title = "The {{\TeX}} {FAQ}",
144 url = "http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html/",
150 A BibTeX Guide via Examples.
151 @electronic{IEEEexample:bibtexguide,
152 author = "Ki-Joo Kim",
153 title = "A {{\BibTeX}} Guide via Examples",
154 howpublished = "{bibtex\_guide.pdf}",
155 url = "http://www.geocities.com/kijoo2000/",
161 TeX User Group Bibliography Archive
162 @electronic{IEEEexample:beebe_archive,
163 author = "Nelson H. F. Beebe",
164 title = "{{\TeX}} User Group Bibliography Archive",
165 url = "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/index-table.html",
170 The natbib.sty package.
171 @electronic{ctan:natbib,
172 author = "Patrick W. Daly",
173 title = "The natbib.sty package",
174 url = "http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/natbib/",
180 @electronic{IEEEexample:urlsty,
181 author = "Donald Arseneau",
182 title = "The url.sty Package",
183 url = "http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/misc/",
189 The hyperref.sty package.
190 @electronic{IEEEexample:hyperrefsty,
191 author = "Sebastian Rahtz and Heiko Oberdiek",
192 title = "The hyperref.sty Package",
193 url = "http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/hyperref/",
199 The breakurl.sty package.
200 @electronic{IEEEexample:breakurl,
201 author = "Vilar Camara Neto",
202 title = "The breakurl.sty Package",
203 url = "http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/breakurl/",
210 @electronic{IEEEexample:babel,
211 author = "Johannes Braams",
212 title = "The Babel Package",
213 url = "http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/babel/",
219 The multibib package.
220 @electronic{IEEEexample:multibibsty,
221 author = "Thorsten Hansen",
222 title = "The multibib.sty package",
223 url = "http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/multibib/",
229 The biblatex package.
230 @electronic{IEEEexample:biblatex,
231 author = "Philipp Lehman",
232 title = "The biblatex package",
233 url = "http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/exptl/biblatex/",
240 The three most common and typical types of references used in
243 an article in a journal
244 Note the use of the IEEE_J_EDL string, defined in the IEEEabrv.bib file,
245 for the journal name. IEEEtran.bst defines the BibTeX standard three
246 letter month codes per IEEE style.
247 From the June 2002 issue of "IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices",
248 page 996, reference #16.
249 @article{IEEEexample:article_typical,
250 author = "S. Zhang and C. Zhu and J. K. O. Sin and P. K. T. Mok",
251 title = "A Novel Ultrathin Elevated Channel Low-temperature
253 journal = IEEE_J_EDL,
261 journal article using et al.
262 The (five) authors are actually: F. Delorme, S. Slempkes, G. Alibert,
264 The month (July) was not given here.
265 From the September 1998 issue of "IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in
266 Communications", page 1257, reference #28.
267 @article{IEEEexample:articleetal,
268 author = "F. Delorme and others",
269 title = "Butt-jointed {DBR} Laser With 15 {nm} Tunability Grown
270 in Three {MOVPE} Steps",
271 journal = "Electron. Lett.",
279 a paper in a conference proceedings
280 "conference" can be used as an alias for "inproceedings"
281 From the June 2002 issue of "Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems",
282 page 205, reference #16.
283 @inproceedings{IEEEexample:conf_typical,
284 author = "R. K. Gupta and S. D. Senturia",
285 title = "Pull-in Time Dynamics as a Measure of Absolute Pressure",
286 booktitle = "Proc. {IEEE} International Workshop on
287 Microelectromechanical Systems ({MEMS}'97)",
288 address = "Nagoya, Japan",
296 From the May 2002 issue of "IEEE Transactions on Magnetics",
297 page 1466, reference #4.
298 @book{IEEEexample:book_typical,
299 author = "B. D. Cullity",
300 title = "Introduction to Magnetic Materials",
301 publisher = "Addison-Wesley",
302 address = "Reading, MA",
311 journal article with large page numbers, IEEE will divide numbers 5 digits
312 or longer into groups of three with small spaces between them. Page ranges
313 can be separated via either "-" or "--", IEEEtran.bst will automatically
314 convert the separator dash(es) to "--".
315 Authors and/or IEEE do not always provide/use the journal number, but it
316 was used in this case. IEEEtran.bst can be configured to ignore journal
318 From the August 2000 issue of "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters",
319 page 1039, reference #11.
320 @article{IEEEexample:articlelargepages,
321 author = "A. Castaldini and A. Cavallini and B. Fraboni
322 and P. Fernandez and J. Piqueras",
323 title = "Midgap Traps Related to Compensation Processes in
325 journal = "Phys. Rev. B.",
329 pages = "14897-14900"
333 journal article with dual months
334 use the BibTeX "#" concatenation operator
335 From the March 2002 issue of "IEEE Transactions on Mechatronics",
336 page 21, reference #8.
337 @article{IEEEexample:articledualmonths,
338 author = "Y. Okada and K. Dejima and T. Ohishi",
339 title = "Analysis and Comparison of {PM} Synchronous Motor and
340 Induction Motor Type Magnetic Bearings",
343 month = sep # "/" # oct,
349 journal article to be published as a misc entry type
350 date information like month and year is optional
351 However, the article form like that below may be a better approach.
352 From the May 2002 issue of "IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in
353 Communication", page 725, reference #3.
354 @misc{IEEEexample:TBPmisc,
355 author = "M. Coates and A. Hero and R. Nowak and B. Yu",
356 title = "Internet Tomography",
357 howpublished = IEEE_M_SP,
360 note = "to be published"
364 journal article to be published as an article entry type
365 year is required, so if absent, use the year field to hold
366 the "submitted for publication" in order to avoid a warning for
367 the missing year field.
368 From the June 2002 issue of "IEEE Transactions on Information Theory",
369 page 1461, reference #21.
370 @article{IEEEexample:TBParticle,
371 author = "N. Kahale and R. Urbanke",
372 title = "On the Minimum Distance of Parallel and Serially
375 year = "submitted for publication"
382 book with editor and no author
383 From the June 2002 issue of "IEEE Transactions on Information Theory",
384 page 1725, reference #1.
385 @book{IEEEexample:bookwitheditor,
386 editor = "J. C. Candy and G. C. Temes",
387 title = "Oversampling Delta-Sigma Data Converters Theory,
388 Design and Simulation",
389 publisher = "{IEEE} Press.",
390 address = "New York",
395 book with edition, author and editor
396 Note that the standard BibTeX styles do not support book entries with both
397 author and editor fields, but IEEEtran.bst does.
398 The standard BibTeX way of specifying the edition is to use capitalized
399 ordinal words such as "First", "Second", etc. Most .bst files can convert
400 up to about "Fifth" into the format needed. IEEEtran.bst can convert up
401 to "Tenth" to the "Arabic ordinal" form IEEE uses (e.g., "10th"). For
402 editions over the tenth, it is best to use the "Arabic ordinal" form for
403 IEEE related work (e.g., "101st")
404 Note how "Jr." has to be entered.
405 From the May 2002 issue of "Journal of Lightwave Technology", page 856,
407 @book{IEEEexample:book,
408 author = "S. M. Metev and V. P. Veiko",
409 editor = "Osgood, Jr., R. M.",
410 title = "Laser Assisted Microtechnology",
412 publisher = "Springer-Verlag",
413 address = "Berlin, Germany",
418 book with series and volume
419 From the January 2000 issue of "IEEE Transactions on Communications",
420 page 11, reference #31.
421 @book{IEEEexample:bookwithseriesvolume,
422 editor = "J. Breckling",
423 title = "The Analysis of Directional Time Series: Applications to
424 Wind Speed and Direction",
425 series = "Lecture Notes in Statistics",
426 publisher = "Springer",
427 address = "Berlin, Germany",
433 inbook with chapter number. The pages field could also have been given.
434 The chapter number could be changed to something else such as a section
435 number via the type field: type = "sec.".
436 From the May 2002 issue of "IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems---I:
437 Fundamental Applications and Theory", page 638, reference #22.
438 @inbook{IEEEexample:inbook,
439 author = "H. E. Rose",
440 title = "A Course in Number Theory",
441 publisher = "Oxford Univ. Press",
442 address = "New York, NY",
448 inbook with pages and note. The language field is not set to Russian
449 because the title is presented here in its translated, English, form.
450 From the May 2002 issue of "IEEE Transactions on Magnetics", page 1533,
452 @inbook{IEEEexample:inbookpagesnote,
453 author = "B. K. Bul",
454 title = "Theory Principles and Design of Magnetic Circuits",
455 publisher = "Energia Press",
459 note = "(in Russian)"
466 incollection with author and editor
467 From the May 2002 issue of "Journal of Lightwave Technology",
468 page 807, reference #7.
469 @incollection{IEEEexample:incollection,
470 author = "W. V. Sorin",
471 editor = "D. Derickson",
472 title = "Optical Reflectometry for Component Characterization",
473 booktitle = "Fiber Optic Test and Measurement",
474 publisher = "Prentice-Hall",
475 address = "Englewood Cliffs, NJ",
480 incollection with series
481 From the April 2000 issue of "IEEE Transactions on Communication",
482 page 609, reference #3.
483 @incollection{IEEEexample:incollectionwithseries,
484 author = "J. B. Anderson and K. Tepe",
485 title = "Properties of the Tailbiting {BCJR} Decoder",
486 booktitle = "Codes, Systems and Graphical Models",
487 series = "{IMA} Volumes in Mathematics and Its Applications",
488 publisher = "Springer-Verlag",
489 address = "New York",
495 incollection with author, editor, chapter and pages
496 From the January 2000 issue of "IEEE Transactions on Communications",
497 page 16, reference #9.
498 @incollection{IEEEexample:incollection_chpp,
499 author = "P. Hedelin and P. Knagenhjelm and M. Skoglund",
500 editor = "W. B. Kleijn and K. K. Paliwal",
501 title = "Theory for Transmission of Vector Quantization Data",
502 booktitle = "Speech Coding and Synthesis",
503 publisher = "Elsevier Science",
504 address = "Amsterdam, The Netherlands",
511 incollection with a large number of authors, some authors/journals will
512 use et al. for so many names. IEEEtran.bst can be configured to do this
513 if desired, or "R. M. A. Dawson and others" can be used instead.
514 Note that IEEE may not include the publisher for incollection entries -
515 IEEEtran.bst will not issue a warning if the publisher is missing for
516 incollections - but other .bst files often will.
517 From the June 2002 issue of "IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices",
518 page 996, reference #12.
519 @incollection{IEEEexample:incollectionmanyauthors,
520 author = "R. M. A. Dawson and Z. Shen and D. A. Furst and
521 S. Connor and J. Hsu and M. G. Kane and R. G. Stewart and
522 A. Ipri and C. N. King and P. J. Green and R. T. Flegal
523 and S. Pearson and W. A. Barrow and E. Dickey and K. Ping
524 and C. W. Tang and S. Van. Slyke and
525 F. Chen and J. Shi and J. C. Sturm and M. H. Lu",
526 title = "Design of an Improved Pixel for a Polysilicon
527 Active-Matrix Organic {LED} Display",
528 booktitle = "{SID} Tech. Dig.",
538 A Motorola data book as a manual
539 It is somewhat unusual to include the data book part number.
540 in the title. It might be more correct to put this information
541 in the howpublished field instead.
542 From the December 2000 issue of "IEEE Transactions on Communications",
543 page 1986, reference #10.
544 @manual{IEEEexample:motmanual,
545 title = "{FLEXChip} Signal Processor ({MC68175/D})",
546 organization = "Motorola",
551 same reference, but using IEEEtran's howpublished extension
552 @manual{IEEEexample:motmanualhowpub,
553 title = "{FLEXChip} Signal Processor",
554 howpublished = "{MC68175/D}",
555 organization = "Motorola",
562 conference paper with an address and days. Some journals capitalize the
563 letters in "Globecom", this one did not.
564 From the May 2002 issue of "IEEE Transactions on Communications",
565 page 697, reference #12.
566 @inproceedings{IEEEexample:confwithadddays,
567 author = "M. S. Yee and L. Hanzo",
568 title = "Radial Basis Function Decision Feedback Equaliser
569 Assisted Burst-by-burst Adaptive Modulation",
570 booktitle = "Proc. {IEEE} Globecom '99",
571 address = "Rio de Janeiro, Brazil",
572 month = dec # " 5--9,",
578 conference paper with volume number. A conference proceedings with a vol
579 number is a little uncommon, note that the vol number is placed
580 before the address in the formatted bibliography entry
581 From the April 2002 issue of "IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking",
582 page 181, reference #26.
583 @inproceedings{IEEEexample:confwithvolume,
584 author = "M. Yajnik and S. B. Moon and J. Kurose and D. Towsley",
585 title = "Measurement and Modeling of the Temporal Dependence in
587 booktitle = "Proc. {IEEE} {INFOCOM}'99",
589 address = "New York, NY",
596 conference paper with a paper number, the type field can be used to
597 override the word "paper", e.g., type = "postdeadline paper". A type
598 can be given even without a paper field.
599 Also, IEEEtran.bst can be configured to ignore paper numbers and types.
600 From the May 2002 issue of "Journal of Lightwave Technology",
601 page 807, reference #4.
602 @inproceedings{IEEEexample:confwithpaper,
603 author = "M. Wegmuller and J. P. von der Weid and P. Oberson
605 title = "High Resolution Fiber Distributed Measurements With
607 booktitle = "Proc. {ECOC}'00",
614 conference paper with a postdeadline type paper, the paper field is
616 From the August 2000 issue of "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters",
617 page 1087, reference #12.
618 @inproceedings{IEEEexample:confwithpapertype,
619 author = "B. Mikkelsen and G. Raybon and R.-J. Essiambre and
620 K. Dreyer and Y. Su. and L. E. Nelson and J. E. Johnson
621 and G. Shtengel and A. Bond and D. G. Moodie and
623 title = "160 {Gbit/s} Single-channel Transmission Over 300 km
624 Nonzero-dispersion Fiber With Semiconductor Based
625 Transmitter and Demultiplexer",
626 booktitle = "Proc. {ECOC}'99",
629 type = "postdeadline paper",
634 presented at a conference
635 intype overrides the default "in" and causes the booktitle not to be
636 emphasized (rendered in italics).
637 From the February 2002 issue of "IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking",
638 page 163, reference #6.
639 @inproceedings{IEEEexample:presentedatconf,
640 author = "S. G. Finn and M. M{\'e}dard and R. A. Barry",
641 title = "A Novel Approach to Automatic Protection Switching
643 intype = "presented at the",
644 booktitle = "Proc. Int. Conf. Commun.",
652 master's thesis, often the University name will be abbreviated and the
653 state or country will be included in the address. The type field can
654 used to override the default type "Master's thesis"
655 From the June 2002 issue of "IEEE Transactions on Microelectromechanical
656 Systems", page 186, reference #11.
657 @mastersthesis{IEEEexample:masters,
658 author = "Nin C. Loh",
659 title = "High-Resolution Micromachined Interferometric
661 school = "Massachusetts Institute of Technology",
662 address = "Cambridge",
667 master's thesis with a type field
668 From the August 2001 issue of "IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking",
669 page 391, reference #12.
670 @mastersthesis{IEEEexample:masterstype,
671 author = "A. Karnik",
672 title = "Performance of {TCP} Congestion Control with Rate
673 Feedback: {TCP/ABR} and Rate Adaptive {TCP/IP}",
674 school = "Indian Institute of Science",
675 type = "M. Eng. thesis",
676 address = "Bangalore, India",
685 Ph.D. dissertation with a URL field, the university is abbreviated
686 From the October 2001 issue of "IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking",
687 page 590, reference #11.
688 @phdthesis{IEEEexample:phdurl,
690 title = "Delay Characterization and Performance Control of
692 school = "Univ. of Delaware",
696 url = "http://www.ece.udel.edu/~qli"
704 From the August 2001 issue of "IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking",
705 page 490, reference #15.
706 @techreport{IEEEexample:techrep,
707 author = "R. Jain and K. K. Ramakrishnan and D. M. Chiu",
708 title = "Congestion Avoidance in Computer Networks with a
709 Connectionless Network Layer",
710 institution = "Digital Equipment Corporation",
712 number = "DEC-TR-506",
718 technical report with type
719 for those times when "Tech. Rep." needs to be modified
720 From the February 2001 issue of "IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking",
721 page 46, reference #8.
722 @techreport{IEEEexample:techreptype,
723 author = "J. Padhye and V. Firoiu and D. Towsley",
724 title = "A Stochastic Model of {TCP} {R}eno Congestion Avoidance
726 institution = "Univ. of Massachusetts",
727 address = "Amherst, MA",
728 type = "CMPSCI Tech. Rep.",
734 technical report with type
735 for those times when "Tech. Rep." needs to be modified
736 This reference did not have an address.
737 From the January 2000 issue of "IEEE Transactions on Communications",
738 page 117, reference #6.
739 @techreport{IEEEexample:techreptypeii,
740 author = "D. Middleton and A. D. Spaulding",
741 title = "A Tutorial Review of Elements of Weak Signal Detection
742 in Non-{G}aussian {EMI} Environments",
743 institution = "National Telecommunications and Information
744 Administration ({NTIA}), U.S. Dept. of Commerce",
745 type = "NTIA Report",
752 technical report, standards submission report
753 From the June 2004 issue of "IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in Communications",
754 page 928, reference #9.
755 Note that some journals do not abbreviate the task group: "TGe" => "Task Group E"
756 @techreport{IEEEexample:techrepstdsub,
757 author = "S. Kandala",
758 title = "Changes to {A}nnex {D}",
759 institution = "{IEEE} 802.11 {TGe}",
769 for unpublished types, the note field is required. IEEE usually
770 just uses the word "unpublished" for the note.
771 From the August 2001 issue of "IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking",
772 page 391, reference #16.
773 @unpublished{IEEEexample:unpublished,
774 author = "T. J. Ott and N. Aggarwal",
775 title = "{TCP} over {ATM}: {ABR} or {UBR}",
783 electronic with a howpublished information field
784 From the August 2001 issue of "IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking",
785 page 391, reference #7.
786 @electronic{IEEEexample:electronhowinfo,
787 author = "V. Jacobson",
788 title = "Modified {TCP} Congestion Avoidance Algorithm",
789 howpublished = "end2end-interest mailing list",
790 url = "ftp://ftp.isi.edu/end2end/end2end-interest-1990.mail",
796 electronic with a howpublished information field
797 From the August 2001 issue of "IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking",
798 page 418, reference #31.
799 @electronic{IEEEexample:electronhowinfo2,
800 author = "V. Valloppillil and K. W. Ross",
801 title = "Cache Array Routing Protocol v1.1",
802 howpublished = "Internet draft",
803 url = "http://ds1.internic.net/internet-drafts/draft-vinod-carp-v1-03.txt",
808 electronic with an organization and address
809 From the February 2002 issue of "IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking",
810 page 114, reference #15.
811 @electronic{IEEEexample:electronorgadd,
812 author = "D. H. Lorenz and A. Orda",
813 title = "Optimal Partition of {QoS} Requirements on Unicast
814 Paths and Multicast Trees",
815 organization = "Dept. Elect. Eng., Technion",
816 address = "Haifa, Israel",
817 url = "ftp://ftp.technion.ac.il/pub/supported/ee/Network/lor.mopq98.ps",
827 Use the type field to override the patent type. e.g.,
828 type = "Patent Application"
829 The address is that of the assignee. Note that IEEE does not
830 display the assignee, the address, and only displays one date.
831 (if year is not present, the filed dates are used.) However, this
832 information should be entered as other BibTeX styles may use it.
833 alternatively, nationality could be entered as "U.S."
834 From the April 2000 issue of "IEEE Transactions on Communications",
835 page 542, reference #6.
836 @patent{IEEEexample:uspat,
837 author = "Ronald E. Sorace and Victor S. Reinhardt and
839 assignee = "Hughes Aircraft Company",
840 address = "Los Angeles, CA",
841 title = "High-Speed Digital-to-{RF} Converter",
842 nationality = "United States",
854 From the April 2000 issue of "IEEE Transactions on Communications",
855 page 556, reference #6.
856 @patent{IEEEexample:jppat,
857 author = "U. Hideki",
858 title = "Quadrature Modulation Circuit",
859 nationality = "Japanese",
860 number = "152932/92",
867 French Patent request, the language field must be entered in lower case
868 as this is the option name Babel uses. The nationality field needs to be
869 capitalized. Because this is a patent request, the date filed fields are
870 used while the date fields are left empty/missing. In other countries,
871 the words "Patent Application", etc. are used instead.
872 From the April 2000 issue of "IEEE Transactions on Communications",
873 page 556, reference #9.
874 @patent{IEEEexample:frenchpatreq,
875 author = "F. Kowalik and M. Isard",
876 title = "Estimateur d'un D{\'e}faut de Fonctionnement
877 d'un Modulateur en Quadrature et {\'E}tage de Modulation
880 nationality = "French",
881 type = "Patent Request",
893 From the April 2001 issue of "IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking",
894 page 160, reference #1.
895 sort key is needed for sorting styles
896 @periodical{IEEEexample:periodical,
897 title = IEEE_M_PCOM # ", Special Issue on Wireless {ATM}",
908 standard, IEEE does not use the address for standards, but it is good
909 to provide one for BibTeX styles that use it.
910 From the August 2001 issue of "IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking",
911 page 451, reference #2.
912 @standard{IEEEexample:standard,
913 title = "Wireless {LAN} Medium Access Control {(MAC)} and
914 Physical Layer {(PHY)} Specification",
915 organization = "IEEE",
916 address = "Piscataway, NJ",
922 standard with type and revision, the type overrides the word standard
923 (or std.). Here a standard number is not available and a revision number
925 From the August 2000 issue of "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters",
926 page 1048, reference #13.
927 @standard{IEEEexample:standardproposed,
928 title = "Fiber Channel Physical Interface ({FC-PI})",
929 institution = "NCITS",
930 address = "Washington, DC",
931 type = "Working Draft Proposed Standard",
937 standard draft as a misc with author
938 From the May 2002 issue of "IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in
939 Communication", page 725, reference #16.
940 @misc{IEEEexample:draftasmisc,
941 author = "I. Widjaja and A. Elwalid",
942 title = "{MATE}: {MPLS} Adaptive Traffic Engineering",
943 howpublished = "IETF Draft",
951 misc for a techreport like reference
952 techreport is not perfectly suitable because this entry lacks
954 From the August 2001 issue of "IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking",
955 page 490, reference #22.
956 @misc{IEEEexample:miscforum,
957 author = "L. Roberts",
958 title = "Enhanced Proportional Rate Control Algorithm {PRCA}",
959 howpublished = "{ATM} Forum Contribution 94-0735R1",
965 misc for a white paper
966 From the August 2001 issue of "IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking",
967 page 478, reference #4 - Note that the reference there (improperly?)
968 used the author field for "Cisco".
969 @misc{IEEEexample:whitepaper,
970 title = "Advanced {QoS} Services for the Intelligent Internet",
971 howpublished = "White Paper",
972 organization = "Cisco",
978 misc for a data sheet
979 From the November 2000 issue of "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters",
980 page 1551, reference #6.
981 @misc{IEEEexample:datasheet,
982 title = "{PDCA12-70} Data Sheet",
983 organization = "Opto Speed SA",
984 address = "Mezzovico, Switzerland"
991 Other unusual references
993 a private communication as a misc entry type
994 sometimes the designation "personal communication" is used instead
995 From the June 2002 issue of "IEEE Transactions on Information Theory",
996 page 1725, reference #16.
997 @misc{IEEEexample:private,
998 author = "S. Konyagin",
999 howpublished = "private communication",
1004 an internet request for comments (RFC) as a misc entry type
1005 It would also be nice to add a URL to these types of things.
1006 RFCs can also be handled as electronic references.
1007 From the April 2002 issue of "IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking",
1008 page 181, reference #14.
1009 @misc{IEEEexample:miscrfc,
1010 author = "K. K. Ramakrishnan and S. Floyd",
1011 title = "A Proposal to Add Explicit Congestion
1012 Notification ({ECN}) to {IP}",
1013 howpublished = "RFC 2481",
1019 a software package as a manual
1020 From the June 2002 issue of "IEEE/ASME Journal of Microelectromechanical
1021 Systems", page 205, reference #20.
1022 Sometimes they put the version/release information in the title.
1023 @manual{IEEEexample:softmanual,
1024 title = "SaberDesigner Reference Manual",
1025 organization = "Analogy, Inc.",
1026 address = "Beaverton, OR",
1028 note = "Release 4.3"
1032 a software package as an electronic reference
1033 From the February 2003 issue of "IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking",
1034 page 46, reference #24. If there is no author or organization, a sorting
1035 key is required for sorting styles. It might be a good idea to include
1036 month and year fields as well.
1037 @electronic{IEEEexample:softonline,
1038 title = "Ucb/lbnl/vint Network Simulator---ns (Version 2)",
1039 url = "http://www-mash.cs.berkeley.edu/ns/",
1044 misc for a German regulation
1045 In German, the first letters of nouns are capitalized, so we do so here.
1046 From the June 2002 issue of "IEEE Journal in Selected Areas in
1047 Communication", page 892, reference #9.
1048 @misc{IEEEexample:miscgermanreg,
1049 title = "{M}essung von {S}t{\"o}rfeldern an {A}nlagen
1050 und {L}eitungen der {T}elekommunikation im
1051 {F}requenzbereich 9 {kHz} bis 3 {GHz}",
1052 language = "german",
1053 howpublished = "{M}e{\ss}vorschrift {R}eg {TP} {MV} 05",
1054 organization = "Regulierungsbeh{\"o}rde f{\"u}r {T}elekommunikation und
1055 {P}ost ({R}eg {TP})"
1060 Ways to handle things like CCSDS's Blue Books
1061 journal article with a URL. However, this is not a very good approach
1062 because the Blue Books are not really journals and the author field has
1064 From the June 2002 issue of "IEEE Transactions on Information Theory",
1065 page 1461, reference #7.
1066 @article{IEEEexample:bluebookarticle,
1067 author = "{Consulative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS)}",
1068 title = "Telemetry Channel Coding",
1069 journal = "Blue Book",
1072 url = "http://www.ccsds.org/documents/pdf/CCSDS-101.0-B-4.pdf"
1076 CCSDS's Blue Book handled as a book
1077 However, it is not a good idea to have to use the author field for
1078 an organization (done here because the book entry type requires an
1080 @book{IEEEexample:bluebookbook,
1081 author = "{Consulative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS)}",
1082 title = "Telemetry Channel Coding",
1083 series = "Blue Book",
1085 publisher = "{CCSDS}",
1086 address = "Newport Beach, {CA}",
1088 url = "http://www.ccsds.org/documents/pdf/CCSDS-101.0-B-4.pdf"
1092 CCSDS's Blue Book handled as a manual
1093 This is a much better approach, but uses the howpublished field.
1094 @manual{IEEEexample:bluebookmanual,
1095 title = "Telemetry Channel Coding",
1096 howpublished = "ser. Blue Book, No. 4",
1097 organization = "Consulative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS)",
1098 address = "Newport Beach, CA",
1100 url = "http://www.ccsds.org/documents/pdf/CCSDS-101.0-B-4.pdf"
1105 CCSDS's Blue Book handled as a standard
1106 Probably the best approach for this particular case because the work
1107 is standard related. Note that IEEE does not display the address for
1109 @standard{IEEEexample:bluebookstandard,
1110 title = "Telemetry Channel Coding",
1111 howpublished = "ser. Blue Book, No. 4",
1112 organization = "Consulative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS)",
1113 address = "Newport Beach, CA",
1114 type = "Recommendation for Space Data System Standard",
1115 number = "101.0-B-4",
1118 url = "http://www.ccsds.org/documents/pdf/CCSDS-101.0-B-4.pdf"
1128 An example of a IEEEtran control entry which can change some IEEEtran.bst
1129 settings. An entry like this must be cited via \bstctlcite{} command
1130 before the first real \cite{}. The same entry key cannot be called twice
1131 (just like multiple \cite{} of the same entry key place only one entry
1132 in the bibliography.)
1133 The available control fields are:
1135 CTLuse_article_number
1136 "no" turns off the display of the number for articles.
1140 "no" turns off the display of the paper and type fields in inproceedings.
1144 "no" turns off the forced use of "et al."
1147 CTLmax_names_forced_etal
1148 The maximum number of names that can be present beyond which an "et al."
1149 usage is forced. Be sure that CTLnames_show_etal (below)
1150 is not greater than this value!
1153 The number of names that will be shown with a forced "et al.".
1154 Must be less than or equal to CTLmax_names_forced_etal
1157 "no" turns off the alternate interword spacing for entries with URLs.
1160 CTLalt_stretch_factor
1161 If alternate interword spacing for entries with URLs is enabled, this is
1162 the interword spacing stretch factor that will be used. For example, the
1163 default "4" here means that the interword spacing in entries with URLs can
1164 stretch to four times normal. Does not have to be an integer.
1166 CTLdash_repeated_names
1167 "no" turns off the "dashification" of repeated (i.e., identical to those
1168 of the previous entry) names. IEEE normally does this.
1171 CTLname_format_string
1172 The name format control string as explained in the BibTeX style hacking
1174 IEEE style "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" is the default,
1177 A LaTeX command that each name will be fed to (e.g., "\textsc").
1178 Leave empty if no special font is desired for the names.
1179 The default is empty.
1182 The prefix text used before URLs.
1183 The default is "[Online]. Available:" A space will be inserted after this
1184 text. If this space is not wanted, just use \relax at the end of the
1188 Those fields that are not to be changed can be left out.
1189 @IEEEtranBSTCTL{IEEEexample:BSTcontrol,
1190 CTLuse_article_number = "yes",
1191 CTLuse_paper = "yes",
1192 CTLuse_forced_etal = "no",
1193 CTLmax_names_forced_etal = "10",
1194 CTLnames_show_etal = "1",
1195 CTLuse_alt_spacing = "yes",
1196 CTLalt_stretch_factor = "4",
1197 CTLdash_repeated_names = "yes",
1198 CTLname_format_string = "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}",
1199 CTLname_latex_cmd = "",
1200 CTLname_url_prefix = "[Online]. Available:"