-Information hiding schemes are studied
-Spread-spectrum data-hiding techniques have been widely studied in recent years
-under the scope of security. These techniques encompass several schemes, such as
-Improved Spread Spectrum~(ISS), Circular Watermarking~(CW), and Natural
-Watermarking~(NW). Some of these schemes have revealed various
-security issues. On the contrary, it has
-been proven in~\cite{Cayre2008} that the Natural Watermarking technique is
-stego-secure. This stego-security is one of the security classes defined
-in~\cite{Cayre2008}, where probabilistic models are used to
-categorize the security of data hiding algorithms in the Watermark Only
-Attack~(WOA) framework.
-
-We have explained in our previous research works~\cite{guyeux13:bc}
-that any algorithm can be rewritten as an iterative
-process, leading to the possibility to study its
-topological behavior. As a concrete example,
-we have shown that the security level of some information hiding algorithms
-(of the spread-spectrum kind) can be studied into a
-novel framework based on unpredictability, as it is understood in the mathematical
-theory of chaos~\cite{guyeux13:bc}.
-The key idea motivating our research works is that: \emph{if artificial intelligence (AI)
-tools seem to have difficulties to deal with chaos, then steganalyzers (software based
-on AI that try to separate original from stego-contents) may
-be proven defective against chaotic information hiding schemes}. Our work
-has thus constituted in showing theoretically that such chaotic schemes can be constructed.
-We are not looking to struggle with best available information hiding techniques and
-we do not focus on effective and operational aspects, as
-our questioning are more locating in a conceptual domain. Among other things, we do
-not specify how to chose embedding coefficients, but the way to insert the hidden
-message in a selection of these ``least significant coefficient'' in an unpredictable
-manner. To say this another
-way, our intention is not to realize an hidden channel that does not appear as sleazy
-to a steganalyzer, but to construct an information hiding scheme whose behavior cannot
-be predicted: supposing that the adversary has anything (algorithm, possible embedding
-coefficient, etc.) but the secret key, we want to determine if he can predict which coefficients
-will be finally used, and in which order. To do so, a new class of security has been
-introduced in~\cite{bg10b:ip}, namely the topological security. This new class can be used to study
-some categories of attacks that are difficult to investigate in the existing
-security approach. It also enriches the variety of qualitative and quantitative
-tools that evaluate how strong the security is, thus reinforcing the confidence
-that can be added in a given scheme.
-
-In addition of being stego-secure, we have proven in~\cite{gfb10:ip} that
-Natural Watermarking (NW) technique is topologically secure. Moreover, this technique
-possesses additional properties of unpredictability, namely, strong transitivity,
-topological mixing, and a constant of sensitivity equal to $\frac{N}{2}$~\cite{Guyeux2012}.
-However NW are not expansive, which is in our opinion problematic in the Constant-Message
-Attack (CMA) and Known Message Attack (KMA) setups, when we
-consider that the attacker has all but the embedding key~\cite{Guyeux2012}.
-Since these initial investigations, our research works in that information hiding field have
-thus consisted in searching more secure schemes than NW, regarding the
-concerns presented in the first paragraph of this introduction. The objective
-of this review paper is to list the results obtained by following such an approach.
-
-This article is organized as follows. Notations and terminologies are firstly recalled in
-the next section. Then the formerly published $\mathcal{CIW}_1$ chaotic iteration based one-bit watermarking
-process is recalled in detail in Section~\ref{sec:ciw1}. Its steganographic version $\mathcal{CIS}_2$
-is then explained in Section~\ref{sec:secrypt11}, while Section~\ref{di3sec} presents the
-$\mathcal{DI}_3$ process, whose aims is to merge the two previous approaches.
-This review article of chaotic iterations based information hiding algorithms
-ends by a conclusion section containing intended future works.
-
