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[LiCO.git] / PeCO-EO / articleeo.tex

diff --git a/PeCO-EO/articleeo.tex b/PeCO-EO/articleeo.tex
index 1236ff099c10c9c47e98d1bee2ff3ac799292a5f..5ba7f55932dd982a40e034a21050950216875f02 100644 (file)
--- a/PeCO-EO/articleeo.tex
+++ b/PeCO-EO/articleeo.tex
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 %\usepackage[linesnumbered,ruled,vlined,commentsnumbered]{algorithm2e}
 %\renewcommand{\algorithmcfname}{ALGORITHM}
 \usepackage{indentfirst}
 %\usepackage[linesnumbered,ruled,vlined,commentsnumbered]{algorithm2e}
 %\renewcommand{\algorithmcfname}{ALGORITHM}
 \usepackage{indentfirst}

+\usepackage{color}

 \usepackage[algo2e,ruled,vlined]{algorithm2e}
 \begin{document}
 
 \usepackage[algo2e,ruled,vlined]{algorithm2e}
 \begin{document}
 


@@ -506,6 +507,7 @@ in  the current  period.   Each  sensor node  determines  its  position and  its
 subregion using an  embedded GPS or a location discovery  algorithm. After that,
 all the sensors collect position  coordinates, remaining energy, sensor node ID,
 and the number of their one-hop  live neighbors during the information exchange.
 subregion using an  embedded GPS or a location discovery  algorithm. After that,
 all the sensors collect position  coordinates, remaining energy, sensor node ID,
 and the number of their one-hop  live neighbors during the information exchange.

+\textcolor{blue}{Both INFO packet and ActiveSleep packet contain two parts: header and data payload. The sensor ID is included in the header, where the header size is 8 bits. The data part includes position coordinates (64 bits), remaining energy (32 bits), and the number of one-hop live neighbors (8 bits). Therefore the size of the INFO packet is 112 bits. The ActiveSleep packet is 16 bits size, 8 bits for the header and 8 bits for data part that includes only sensor status (0 or 1).}

 The sensors  inside a same  region cooperate to  elect a leader.   The selection
 criteria for the leader are (in order  of priority):
 \begin{enumerate}
 The sensors  inside a same  region cooperate to  elect a leader.   The selection
 criteria for the leader are (in order  of priority):
 \begin{enumerate}


@@ -716,6 +718,15 @@ approach.
   where $|A_r^p|$ is  the number of active  sensors in the subregion  $r$ in the
   sensing period~$p$, $R$  is the number of subregions, and  $|J|$ is the number
   of sensors in the network.
   where $|A_r^p|$ is  the number of active  sensors in the subregion  $r$ in the
   sensing period~$p$, $R$  is the number of subregions, and  $|J|$ is the number
   of sensors in the network.

+  
+\item {\bf \textcolor{blue}{Energy Saving Ratio (ESR)}}:  
+\textcolor{blue}{this metric, which shows the ability of a protocol to save energy, is defined by:
+\begin{equation*}
+\scriptsize
+\mbox{ESR}(\%) = \frac{\mbox{Number of alive sensors during this round}}
+{\mbox{Total number of sensors in the network}} \times 100.
+\end{equation*}  
+  }

 \item {\bf Energy Consumption (EC)}: energy consumption can be seen as the total
   energy  consumed by  the  sensors during  $Lifetime_{95}$ or  $Lifetime_{50}$,
   divided by  the number of  periods. The value of  EC is computed  according to
 \item {\bf Energy Consumption (EC)}: energy consumption can be seen as the total
   energy  consumed by  the  sensors during  $Lifetime_{95}$ or  $Lifetime_{50}$,
   divided by  the number of  periods. The value of  EC is computed  according to


@@ -842,6 +853,38 @@ keeping a greater coverage ratio as shown in Figure \ref{figure5}.
 \label{figure6}
 \end{figure} 
 
 \label{figure6}
 \end{figure} 
 

+\subsubsection{\textcolor{blue}{Energy Saving Ratio (ESR)}} 
+
+%\textcolor{blue}{In this experiment, we study the energy saving ratio, see Figure~\ref{fig5}, for 200 deployed nodes. 
+%The larger the ratio  is,  the more  redundant sensor  nodes are switched off, and consequently  the longer the  network may  liv%e. }
+
+\textcolor{blue}{The simulation  results show that  our protocol PeCO  allows to
+  efficiently save energy by turning off  some sensors during the sensing phase.
+  As shown in Figure~\ref{fig5}, GAF provides better energy saving than PeCO for
+  the  first fifty  rounds, because  GAF  balances the  energy consumption  among
+  sensor nodes inside each  small fixed grid and thus permits to  extend the life of
+  sensors in  each grid  fairly but  in the same  time turn  on large  number of
+  sensors during sensing  that lead later to quickly  deplete sensor's batteries
+  together. After that  GAF  provide  less energy  saving  compared with  other
+  approaches because of the large number of dead nodes. DESK algorithm shows less
+  energy saving compared with other approaches  due to activate a large number of
+  sensors during the  sensing. DiLCO protocol provides less  energy saving ratio
+  compared with  PeCO because it generally  activate a larger number  of sensor
+  nodes during sensing.  Note that again as the number  of rounds increases PeCO
+  becomes the most  performing one, since it consumes less  energy compared with
+  other approaches.}
+
+\begin{figure}[h!]
+%\centering
+% \begin{multicols}{6}
+\centering
+\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{ESR.eps} %\\~ ~ ~(a)
+\caption{Energy Saving Ratio for 200 deployed nodes}
+\label{fig5}
+\end{figure} 
+
+
+

 \subsubsection{Energy Consumption}
 
 The  effect  of  the  energy  consumed by  the  WSN  during  the  communication,
 \subsubsection{Energy Consumption}
 
 The  effect  of  the  energy  consumed by  the  WSN  during  the  communication,


@@ -893,17 +936,18 @@ time, and the lifetime with a coverage over 50\% is far longer than with 95\%.
 \end{figure} 
 
 Figure~\ref{figure9} compares the lifetime coverage  of the DiLCO and PeCO protocols
 \end{figure} 
 
 Figure~\ref{figure9} compares the lifetime coverage  of the DiLCO and PeCO protocols

-for  different   coverage  ratios.   We  denote  by   Protocol/50,  Protocol/80,
+for  different   coverage  ratios.   We  denote  by   Protocol/70,  Protocol/80,

 Protocol/85, Protocol/90,  and Protocol/95 the  amount of time during  which the
 Protocol/85, Protocol/90,  and Protocol/95 the  amount of time during  which the

-network  can satisfy  an  area  coverage greater  than  $50\%$, $80\%$,  $85\%$,
+network  can satisfy  an  area  coverage greater  than  $70\%$, $80\%$,  $85\%$,

 $90\%$, and  $95\%$ respectively,  where the  term Protocol  refers to  DiLCO or
 $90\%$, and  $95\%$ respectively,  where the  term Protocol  refers to  DiLCO or

-PeCO.  Indeed there are applications that do not require a 100\% coverage of the
-area to be  monitored. PeCO might be  an interesting method since  it achieves a
-good balance  between a  high level  coverage ratio  and network  lifetime. PeCO
-always  outperforms DiLCO  for the  three  lower coverage  ratios, moreover  the
-improvements grow  with the network  size. DiLCO  is better for  coverage ratios
-near 100\%, but  in that case PeCO  is not ineffective for  the smallest network
-sizes.
+PeCO.  \textcolor{blue}{Indeed there are applications that do not require a 100\% coverage of the
+area to be  monitored. For example, forest
+fire application might require complete coverage
+in summer seasons while only require 80$\%$ of the area to be covered in rainy seasons~\citep{li2011transforming}. As another example, birds habit study requires only 70$\%$-coverage at nighttime when the birds are sleeping while requires 100$\%$-coverage at daytime when the birds are active~\citep{1279193}. 
+%Mudflows monitoring applications may require part of the area to be covered in sunny days. Thus, to extend network lifetime, the coverage quality can be decreased if it is acceptable~\citep{wang2014keeping}}. 
+ PeCO always  outperforms DiLCO  for the  three  lower coverage  ratios, moreover  the
+improvements grow  with the network  size. DiLCO outperforms PeCO when the coverage ratio is required to be $>90\%$, but PeCo extends the network lifetime significantly when coverage ratio can be relaxed.}
+%DiLCO  is better for  coverage ratios near 100\%, but  in that case PeCO  is not ineffective for  the smallest network sizes.

 
 \begin{figure}[h!]
 \centering \includegraphics[scale=0.55]{figure9.eps}
 
 \begin{figure}[h!]
 \centering \includegraphics[scale=0.55]{figure9.eps}