\cite{pedraza2006} where the objective is to maximize the number of cover
sets.}
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\section{\uppercase{Description of the DiLCO protocol}}
\label{sec:The DiLCO Protocol Description}
techniques: network leader election and sensor activity scheduling for coverage
preservation and energy conservation, applied periodically to efficiently
maximize the lifetime in the network.
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\subsection{Assumptions and models}
not. Alternately, if the sensor is not the leader, it will wait for the
Active-Sleep packet to know its state for the coming sensing phase.
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\begin{algorithm}[h!]
connectivity is crucial because an active sensor node without connectivity
towards a base station cannot transmit any information regarding an observed
event in the area that it monitors.
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\item {{\bf Coverage Ratio (CR)}:} it measures how well the WSN is able to
observe the area of interest. In our case, we discretized the sensor field
as a regular grid, which yields the following equation to compute the
subregions during the current sensing phase and $N$ is the total number of grid
points in the sensing field. In our simulations, we have a layout of $N = 51
\times 26 = 1326$ grid points.
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-%The accuracy of this method depends on the distance between grids. In our
-%simulations, the sensing field has been divided into 50 by 25 grid points, which means
-%there are $51 \times 26~ = ~ 1326$ points in total.
-% Therefore, for our simulations, the error in the coverage calculation is less than ~ 1 $\% $.
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\item {{\bf Energy Consumption}:} energy consumption (EC) can be seen as the
total amount of energy consumed by the sensors during $Lifetime_{95}$ or
during a period. Finally, $E^a_{m}$ and $E^s_{m}$ indicate the energy consumed
by the whole network in the sensing phase (active and sleeping nodes).
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\end{itemize}
%\end{enumerate}
\label{fig3}
\end{figure}
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\subsubsection{Energy consumption}
Based on the results shown in Figure~\ref{fig3}, we focus on the DiLCO-16 and
subregions. Thus, the optimal number of subregions can be seen as a trade-off
between execution time and coverage performance.
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\subsubsection{Network lifetime}
In the next figure, the network lifetime is illustrated. Obviously, the lifetime
the larger level of coverage ($95\%$) in the case of our protocol, the subdivision
in $16$~subregions seems to be the most appropriate.
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\section{\uppercase{Conclusion and future work}}
\label{sec:Conclusion and Future Works}
context a subdivision in $16$~subregions seems to be the most relevant. The
optimal number of subregions will be investigated in the future.
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\section*{\uppercase{Acknowledgements}}
\noindent As a Ph.D. student, Ali Kadhum IDREES would like to gratefully