1 \select@language {english}
2 \contentsline {chapter}{Table of Contents}{4}{chapter*.1}
3 \contentsline {chapter}{List of Figures}{6}{chapter*.2}
4 \contentsline {chapter}{List of Tables}{7}{chapter*.3}
5 \contentsline {chapter}{List of Algorithms}{9}{chapter*.4}
6 \contentsline {chapter}{List of Acronyms}{9}{chapter*.4}
7 \contentsline {chapter}{abbreviations}{11}{chapter*.5}
8 \contentsline {chapter}{Abstract}{13}{chapter*.6}
9 \contentsline {chapter}{Introduction }{15}{chapter*.7}
10 \contentsline {section}{1. General Introduction }{15}{section*.8}
11 \contentsline {section}{2. Motivation of the Dissertation }{16}{section*.9}
12 \contentsline {section}{3. The Objective of this Dissertation}{16}{section*.10}
13 \contentsline {section}{4. Main Contributions of this Dissertation}{16}{section*.11}
14 \contentsline {section}{5. Dissertation Outline}{18}{section*.12}
15 \contentsline {part}{I\hspace {1em}Scientific Background}{19}{part.1}
16 \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {1}Wireless Sensor Networks}{21}{chapter.1}
17 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.1}Introduction}{21}{section.1.1}
18 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.2}Architecture}{22}{section.1.2}
19 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.3}Types of Wireless Sensor Networks}{24}{section.1.3}
20 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.4}Applications}{26}{section.1.4}
21 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.5}The Main Challenges}{29}{section.1.5}
22 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.6}Energy-Efficient Mechanisms of a working WSN}{31}{section.1.6}
23 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.1}Energy-Efficient Routing}{31}{subsection.1.6.1}
24 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.1.1}Routing Metric based on Residual Energy}{31}{subsubsection.1.6.1.1}
25 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.1.2}Multipath Routing}{31}{subsubsection.1.6.1.2}
26 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.2}Cluster Architecture}{32}{subsection.1.6.2}
27 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.3}Scheduling Schemes}{32}{subsection.1.6.3}
28 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.3.1}Wake up Scheduling Schemes}{32}{subsubsection.1.6.3.1}
29 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.3.2}Topology Control Schemes}{35}{subsubsection.1.6.3.2}
30 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.4}Data-Driven Schemes}{35}{subsection.1.6.4}
31 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.4.1}Data Reduction Schemes}{36}{subsubsection.1.6.4.1}
32 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.4.2}Energy Efficient Data Acquisition Schemes}{36}{subsubsection.1.6.4.2}
33 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.5}Battery Repletion}{36}{subsection.1.6.5}
34 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.6}Radio Optimization}{36}{subsection.1.6.6}
35 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.7}Relay nodes and Sink Mobility}{37}{subsection.1.6.7}
36 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.7.1}Relay node placement}{37}{subsubsection.1.6.7.1}
37 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.7.2}Sink Mobility}{37}{subsubsection.1.6.7.2}
38 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.7}Network Lifetime}{37}{section.1.7}
39 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.8}Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks }{38}{section.1.8}
40 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.9}Design Issues for Coverage Problems}{40}{section.1.9}
41 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.10}Energy Consumption Model}{41}{section.1.10}
42 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.11}Conclusion}{42}{section.1.11}
43 \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2}Related Works on Coverage Problems}{43}{chapter.2}
44 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.1}Introduction}{43}{section.2.1}
45 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}Centralized Algorithms}{45}{section.2.2}
46 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.3}Distributed Algorithms}{48}{section.2.3}
47 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.1}GAF}{50}{subsection.2.3.1}
48 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.2}DESK}{52}{subsection.2.3.2}
49 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.4}Conclusion}{54}{section.2.4}
50 \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3}Evaluation Tools and Optimization Solvers}{57}{chapter.3}
51 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.1}Introduction}{57}{section.3.1}
52 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.2}Evaluation Tools}{57}{section.3.2}
53 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.1}Testbed Tools}{58}{subsection.3.2.1}
54 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.2}Simulation Tools}{59}{subsection.3.2.2}
55 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.3}Optimization Solvers}{64}{section.3.3}
56 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.4}Conclusion}{67}{section.3.4}
57 \contentsline {part}{II\hspace {1em}Contributions}{69}{part.2}
58 \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4}Distributed Lifetime Coverage Optimization Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks}{71}{chapter.4}
59 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.1}Introduction}{71}{section.4.1}
60 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.2}Description of the DiLCO Protocol}{72}{section.4.2}
61 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.1}Assumptions and Network Model}{72}{subsection.4.2.1}
62 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.2}Primary Point Coverage Model}{73}{subsection.4.2.2}
63 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.3}Main Idea}{74}{subsection.4.2.3}
64 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.3.1}Information Exchange Phase}{75}{subsubsection.4.2.3.1}
65 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.3.2}Leader Election Phase}{75}{subsubsection.4.2.3.2}
66 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.3.3}Decision phase}{75}{subsubsection.4.2.3.3}
67 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.3.4}Sensing phase}{75}{subsubsection.4.2.3.4}
68 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.3}Primary Points based Coverage Problem Formulation}{76}{section.4.3}
69 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.4}Simulation Results and Analysis}{78}{section.4.4}
70 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.1}Simulation Framework}{78}{subsection.4.4.1}
71 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.2}Modeling Language and Optimization Solver}{78}{subsection.4.4.2}
72 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.3}Energy Consumption Model}{78}{subsection.4.4.3}
73 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.4}Performance Metrics}{79}{subsection.4.4.4}
74 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.5}Performance Analysis for Different Subregions}{80}{subsection.4.4.5}
75 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.6}Performance Analysis for Primary Point Models}{86}{subsection.4.4.6}
76 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.7}Performance Comparison with other Approaches}{91}{subsection.4.4.7}
77 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.5}Conclusion}{97}{section.4.5}
78 \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {5}Multiround Distributed Lifetime Coverage Optimization Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks}{99}{chapter.5}
79 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.1}Introduction}{99}{section.5.1}
80 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.2}MuDiLCO Protocol Description}{100}{section.5.2}
81 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2.1}Background Idea and Algorithm}{100}{subsection.5.2.1}
82 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.3}Primary Points based Multiround Coverage Problem Formulation}{101}{section.5.3}
83 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.4}Experimental Study and Analysis}{103}{section.5.4}
84 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.1}Simulation Setup}{103}{subsection.5.4.1}
85 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.2}Metrics}{104}{subsection.5.4.2}
86 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.3}Results Analysis and Comparison }{105}{subsection.5.4.3}
87 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.5}Conclusion}{110}{section.5.5}
88 \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {6}Perimeter-based Coverage Optimization to Improve Lifetime in Wireless Sensor Networks}{113}{chapter.6}
89 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.1}Introduction}{113}{section.6.1}
90 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.2}The PeCO Protocol Description}{114}{section.6.2}
91 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2.1}Assumptions and Models}{114}{subsection.6.2.1}
92 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2.2}The Main Idea}{117}{subsection.6.2.2}
93 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2.3}PeCO Protocol Algorithm}{117}{subsection.6.2.3}
94 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.3}Perimeter-based Coverage Problem Formulation}{118}{section.6.3}
95 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.4}Performance Evaluation and Analysis}{120}{section.6.4}
96 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.4.1}Simulation Settings}{120}{subsection.6.4.1}
97 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.4.2}Simulation Results}{121}{subsection.6.4.2}
98 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.4.2.1}Coverage Ratio}{122}{subsubsection.6.4.2.1}
99 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.4.2.2}Active Sensors Ratio}{122}{subsubsection.6.4.2.2}
100 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.4.2.3}The Energy Consumption}{123}{subsubsection.6.4.2.3}
101 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.4.2.4}The Network Lifetime}{123}{subsubsection.6.4.2.4}
102 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.5}Conclusion}{126}{section.6.5}
103 \contentsline {part}{III\hspace {1em}Conclusion and Perspectives}{127}{part.3}
104 \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {7}Conclusion and Perspectives}{129}{chapter.7}
105 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.1}Conclusion}{129}{section.7.1}
106 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.2}Perspectives}{130}{section.7.2}
107 \contentsline {part}{Bibliographie}{146}{chapter*.13}
