1 \select@language {english}
2 \contentsline {chapter}{Table of Contents}{viii}{chapter*.1}
3 \contentsline {chapter}{List of Figures}{x}{chapter*.2}
4 \contentsline {chapter}{List of Tables}{xi}{chapter*.3}
5 \contentsline {chapter}{List of Algorithms}{xiii}{chapter*.4}
6 \contentsline {chapter}{Introduction }{xv}{chapter*.5}
7 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {0.1}General Introduction}{xv}{section.0.1}
8 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {0.2}Motivation of the Dissertation}{xvi}{section.0.2}
9 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {0.3}The Objective of this Dissertation}{xvi}{section.0.3}
10 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {0.4}The main Contributions of this Dissertation}{xvii}{section.0.4}
11 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {0.5}Dissertation Outline}{xviii}{section.0.5}
12 \contentsline {part}{I\hspace {1em}Scientific Background}{xix}{part.1}
13 \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {1}Wireless Sensor Networks}{1}{chapter.1}
14 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.1}Introduction}{1}{section.1.1}
15 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.2}Wireless Sensor Network Architecture}{2}{section.1.2}
16 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.3}Types of Wireless Sensor Networks}{4}{section.1.3}
17 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.4}Wireless Sensor Network Applications}{6}{section.1.4}
18 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.5}The Main Challenges in Wireless Sensor Networks}{9}{section.1.5}
19 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.6}Energy-Efficient Mechanisms in Wireless Sensor Networks}{11}{section.1.6}
20 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.1}Energy-Efficient Routing:}{11}{subsection.1.6.1}
21 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.1.1}Routing Metric based on Residual Energy:}{12}{subsubsection.1.6.1.1}
22 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.1.2}Multipath Routing:}{12}{subsubsection.1.6.1.2}
23 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.2}Cluster Architectures:}{12}{subsection.1.6.2}
24 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.3}Scheduling Schemes:}{13}{subsection.1.6.3}
25 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.3.1}Wake up Scheduling Schemes:}{13}{subsubsection.1.6.3.1}
26 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.3.2}Topology Control Schemes:}{15}{subsubsection.1.6.3.2}
27 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.4}Data-Driven Schemes:}{16}{subsection.1.6.4}
28 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.4.1}Data Reduction Schemes}{16}{subsubsection.1.6.4.1}
29 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.4.2}Energy Efficient Data Acquisition Schemes}{16}{subsubsection.1.6.4.2}
30 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.5}Battery Repletion:}{17}{subsection.1.6.5}
31 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.5.1}Energy Harvesting:}{17}{subsubsection.1.6.5.1}
32 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.5.2}Wireless Charging:}{17}{subsubsection.1.6.5.2}
33 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.6}Radio Optimization:}{17}{subsection.1.6.6}
34 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.7}Relay nodes and Sink Mobility:}{17}{subsection.1.6.7}
35 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.7.1}Relay node placement:}{18}{subsubsection.1.6.7.1}
36 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.7.2}Sink Mobility:}{18}{subsubsection.1.6.7.2}
37 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.7}Network Lifetime in Wireless Sensor Networks}{18}{section.1.7}
38 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.8}Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks }{19}{section.1.8}
39 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.9}Design Issues for Coverage Problems:}{20}{section.1.9}
40 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.10}Energy Consumption Modeling:}{21}{section.1.10}
41 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.11}Conclusion}{23}{section.1.11}
42 \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2}Related Literatures}{25}{chapter.2}
43 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.1}Introduction}{25}{section.2.1}
44 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}Coverage Algorithms}{26}{section.2.2}
45 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.1}Centralized Algorithms}{27}{subsection.2.2.1}
46 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.2}Distributed Algorithms}{29}{subsection.2.2.2}
47 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.3}Conclusion}{32}{section.2.3}
48 \contentsline {part}{II\hspace {1em}Contributions}{35}{part.2}
49 \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3}Distributed Lifetime Coverage Optimization Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks}{37}{chapter.3}
50 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.1}Summary}{37}{section.3.1}
51 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.2}DESCRIPTION OF THE DILCO PROTOCOL}{37}{section.3.2}
52 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.1}Assumptions and Network Model}{37}{subsection.3.2.1}
53 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.2}Primary Point Coverage Model}{38}{subsection.3.2.2}
54 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.3}Main Idea}{39}{subsection.3.2.3}
55 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.2.3.1}Information Exchange Phase}{40}{subsubsection.3.2.3.1}
56 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.2.3.2}Leader Election Phase}{41}{subsubsection.3.2.3.2}
57 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.2.3.3}Decision phase}{41}{subsubsection.3.2.3.3}
58 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.2.3.4}Sensing phase}{41}{subsubsection.3.2.3.4}
59 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.3}COVERAGE PROBLEM FORMULATION}{41}{section.3.3}
60 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.4}Simulation Results and Analysis}{43}{section.3.4}
61 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4.1}Simulation Framework}{43}{subsection.3.4.1}
62 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4.2}Energy Consumption Model}{44}{subsection.3.4.2}
63 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4.3}Performance Metrics}{44}{subsection.3.4.3}
64 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4.4}Performance Analysis for Different Subregions}{46}{subsection.3.4.4}
65 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.4.4.1}Coverage Ratio}{46}{subsubsection.3.4.4.1}
66 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.4.4.2}Active Sensors Ratio}{47}{subsubsection.3.4.4.2}
67 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.4.4.3}The percentage of stopped simulation runs}{47}{subsubsection.3.4.4.3}
68 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.4.4.4}The Energy Consumption}{48}{subsubsection.3.4.4.4}
69 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.4.4.5}Execution Time}{49}{subsubsection.3.4.4.5}
70 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.4.4.6}The Network Lifetime}{49}{subsubsection.3.4.4.6}
71 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4.5}Performance Analysis for Primary Point Models}{51}{subsection.3.4.5}
72 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.4.5.1}Coverage Ratio}{51}{subsubsection.3.4.5.1}
73 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.4.5.2}Active Sensors Ratio}{51}{subsubsection.3.4.5.2}
74 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.4.5.3}The percentage of stopped simulation runs}{53}{subsubsection.3.4.5.3}
75 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.4.5.4}The Energy Consumption}{53}{subsubsection.3.4.5.4}
76 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.4.5.5}Execution Time}{54}{subsubsection.3.4.5.5}
77 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.4.5.6}The Network Lifetime}{55}{subsubsection.3.4.5.6}
78 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4.6}Performance Comparison with other Approaches}{56}{subsection.3.4.6}
79 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.4.6.1}Coverage Ratio}{56}{subsubsection.3.4.6.1}
80 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.4.6.2}Active Sensors Ratio}{57}{subsubsection.3.4.6.2}
81 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.4.6.3}The percentage of stopped simulation runs}{58}{subsubsection.3.4.6.3}
82 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.4.6.4}The Energy Consumption}{58}{subsubsection.3.4.6.4}
83 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.4.6.5}The Network Lifetime}{59}{subsubsection.3.4.6.5}
84 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.5}Conclusion}{61}{section.3.5}
85 \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4}Multiround Distributed Lifetime Coverage Optimization Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks}{63}{chapter.4}
86 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.1}Summary}{63}{section.4.1}
87 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.2}MuDiLCO protocol description}{63}{section.4.2}
88 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.1}Background Idea}{63}{subsection.4.2.1}
89 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.2}Information Exchange Phase}{64}{subsection.4.2.2}
90 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.3}Leader Election phase}{64}{subsection.4.2.3}
91 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.4}Decision phase}{65}{subsection.4.2.4}
92 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.5}Sensing phase}{66}{subsection.4.2.5}
93 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.3}Experimental Study and Analysis}{66}{section.4.3}
94 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3.1}Simulation Setup}{66}{subsection.4.3.1}
95 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3.2}Metrics}{67}{subsection.4.3.2}
96 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3.3}Results analysis and Comparison }{69}{subsection.4.3.3}
97 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3.4}Coverage ratio}{69}{subsection.4.3.4}
98 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3.5}Active sensors ratio}{69}{subsection.4.3.5}
99 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3.6}Stopped simulation runs}{70}{subsection.4.3.6}
100 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3.7}Energy consumption}{71}{subsection.4.3.7}
101 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3.8}Execution time}{71}{subsection.4.3.8}
102 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3.9}Network lifetime}{72}{subsection.4.3.9}
103 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.4}Conclusion}{72}{section.4.4}
104 \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {5}Perimeter-based Coverage Optimization to Improve Lifetime in Wireless Sensor Networks}{75}{chapter.5}
105 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.1}summary}{75}{section.5.1}
106 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.2}THE PeCO PROTOCOL DESCRIPTION}{75}{section.5.2}
107 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2.1}Assumptions and Models}{75}{subsection.5.2.1}
108 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2.2}The Main Idea}{78}{subsection.5.2.2}
109 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2.3}PeCO Protocol Algorithm}{79}{subsection.5.2.3}
110 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.3}LIFETIME COVERAGE PROBLEM FORMULATION}{80}{section.5.3}
111 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.4}Performance Evaluation and Analysis}{82}{section.5.4}
112 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.1}Simulation Settings}{82}{subsection.5.4.1}
113 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.2}Simulation Results}{82}{subsection.5.4.2}
114 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {5.4.2.1}Coverage Ratio}{83}{subsubsection.5.4.2.1}
115 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {5.4.2.2}Active Sensors Ratio}{84}{subsubsection.5.4.2.2}
116 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {5.4.2.3}The Energy Consumption}{84}{subsubsection.5.4.2.3}
117 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {5.4.2.4}The Network Lifetime}{84}{subsubsection.5.4.2.4}
118 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.5}Conclusion}{85}{section.5.5}
119 \contentsline {part}{III\hspace {1em}Conclusions and Perspectives}{89}{part.3}
120 \contentsline {part}{Bibliographie}{100}{chapter*.6}
