1 \select@language {english}
2 \contentsline {chapter}{Table of Contents}{4}{chapter*.1}
3 \contentsline {chapter}{List of Figures}{6}{chapter*.2}
4 \contentsline {chapter}{List of Tables}{7}{chapter*.3}
5 \contentsline {chapter}{List of Algorithms}{9}{chapter*.4}
6 \contentsline {chapter}{Introduction }{11}{chapter*.5}
7 \contentsline {section}{1. General Introduction }{11}{section*.6}
8 \contentsline {section}{2. Motivation of the Dissertation }{12}{section*.7}
9 \contentsline {section}{3. The Objective of this Dissertation}{12}{section*.8}
10 \contentsline {section}{4. Main Contributions of this Dissertation}{12}{section*.9}
11 \contentsline {section}{5. Dissertation Outline}{14}{section*.10}
12 \contentsline {part}{I\hspace {1em}Scientific Background}{15}{part.1}
13 \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {1}Wireless Sensor Networks}{17}{chapter.1}
14 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.1}Introduction}{17}{section.1.1}
15 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.2}Architecture}{18}{section.1.2}
16 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.3}Types of Wireless Sensor Networks}{20}{section.1.3}
17 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.4}Applications}{22}{section.1.4}
18 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.5}The Main Challenges}{25}{section.1.5}
19 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.6}Energy-Efficient Mechanisms of a working WSN}{27}{section.1.6}
20 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.1}Energy-Efficient Routing}{27}{subsection.1.6.1}
21 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.1.1}Routing Metric based on Residual Energy}{27}{subsubsection.1.6.1.1}
22 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.1.2}Multipath Routing}{27}{subsubsection.1.6.1.2}
23 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.2}Cluster Architecture}{28}{subsection.1.6.2}
24 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.3}Scheduling Schemes}{28}{subsection.1.6.3}
25 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.3.1}Wake up Scheduling Schemes}{28}{subsubsection.1.6.3.1}
26 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.3.2}Topology Control Schemes}{31}{subsubsection.1.6.3.2}
27 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.4}Data-Driven Schemes}{31}{subsection.1.6.4}
28 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.4.1}Data Reduction Schemes}{32}{subsubsection.1.6.4.1}
29 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.4.2}Energy Efficient Data Acquisition Schemes}{32}{subsubsection.1.6.4.2}
30 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.5}Battery Repletion}{32}{subsection.1.6.5}
31 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.6}Radio Optimization}{32}{subsection.1.6.6}
32 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.7}Relay nodes and Sink Mobility}{33}{subsection.1.6.7}
33 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.7.1}Relay node placement}{33}{subsubsection.1.6.7.1}
34 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.7.2}Sink Mobility}{33}{subsubsection.1.6.7.2}
35 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.7}Network Lifetime}{33}{section.1.7}
36 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.8}Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks }{34}{section.1.8}
37 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.9}Design Issues for Coverage Problems}{36}{section.1.9}
38 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.10}Energy Consumption Model}{37}{section.1.10}
39 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.11}Conclusion}{38}{section.1.11}
40 \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2}Related Works on Coverage Problems}{39}{chapter.2}
41 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.1}Introduction}{39}{section.2.1}
42 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}Centralized Algorithms}{41}{section.2.2}
43 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.3}Distributed Algorithms}{44}{section.2.3}
44 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.1}GAF}{46}{subsection.2.3.1}
45 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.2}DESK}{48}{subsection.2.3.2}
46 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.4}Conclusion}{50}{section.2.4}
47 \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3}Evaluation Tools and Optimization Solvers}{53}{chapter.3}
48 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.1}Introduction}{53}{section.3.1}
49 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.2}Evaluation Tools}{53}{section.3.2}
50 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.1}Testbed Tools}{54}{subsection.3.2.1}
51 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.2}Simulation Tools}{55}{subsection.3.2.2}
52 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.3}Optimization Solvers}{58}{section.3.3}
53 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.4}Conclusion}{63}{section.3.4}
54 \contentsline {part}{II\hspace {1em}Contributions}{65}{part.2}
55 \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4}Distributed Lifetime Coverage Optimization Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks}{67}{chapter.4}
56 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.1}Introduction}{67}{section.4.1}
57 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.2}Description of the DiLCO Protocol}{68}{section.4.2}
58 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.1}Assumptions and Network Model}{68}{subsection.4.2.1}
59 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.2}Primary Point Coverage Model}{69}{subsection.4.2.2}
60 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.3}Main Idea}{70}{subsection.4.2.3}
61 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.3.1}Information Exchange Phase}{71}{subsubsection.4.2.3.1}
62 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.3.2}Leader Election Phase}{71}{subsubsection.4.2.3.2}
63 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.3.3}Decision phase}{71}{subsubsection.4.2.3.3}
64 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.3.4}Sensing phase}{71}{subsubsection.4.2.3.4}
65 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.3}Primary Points based Coverage Problem Formulation}{72}{section.4.3}
66 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.4}Simulation Results and Analysis}{74}{section.4.4}
67 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.1}Simulation Framework}{74}{subsection.4.4.1}
68 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.2}Modeling Language and Optimization Solver}{74}{subsection.4.4.2}
69 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.3}Energy Consumption Model}{74}{subsection.4.4.3}
70 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.4}Performance Metrics}{75}{subsection.4.4.4}
71 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.5}Performance Analysis for Different Subregions}{76}{subsection.4.4.5}
72 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.6}Performance Analysis for Primary Point Models}{82}{subsection.4.4.6}
73 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.7}Performance Comparison with other Approaches}{87}{subsection.4.4.7}
74 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.5}Conclusion}{93}{section.4.5}
75 \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {5}Multiround Distributed Lifetime Coverage Optimization Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks}{95}{chapter.5}
76 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.1}Introduction}{95}{section.5.1}
77 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.2}MuDiLCO Protocol Description}{96}{section.5.2}
78 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2.1}Background Idea and Algorithm}{96}{subsection.5.2.1}
79 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.3}Primary Points based Multiround Coverage Problem Formulation}{97}{section.5.3}
80 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.4}Experimental Study and Analysis}{99}{section.5.4}
81 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.1}Simulation Setup}{99}{subsection.5.4.1}
82 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.2}Metrics}{100}{subsection.5.4.2}
83 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.3}Results Analysis and Comparison }{101}{subsection.5.4.3}
84 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.5}Conclusion}{106}{section.5.5}
85 \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {6}Perimeter-based Coverage Optimization to Improve Lifetime in Wireless Sensor Networks}{109}{chapter.6}
86 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.1}Introduction}{109}{section.6.1}
87 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.2}The PeCO Protocol Description}{110}{section.6.2}
88 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2.1}Assumptions and Models}{110}{subsection.6.2.1}
89 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2.2}The Main Idea}{113}{subsection.6.2.2}
90 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2.3}PeCO Protocol Algorithm}{113}{subsection.6.2.3}
91 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.3}Perimeter-based Coverage Problem Formulation}{114}{section.6.3}
92 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.4}Performance Evaluation and Analysis}{116}{section.6.4}
93 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.4.1}Simulation Settings}{116}{subsection.6.4.1}
94 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.4.2}Simulation Results}{117}{subsection.6.4.2}
95 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.4.2.1}Coverage Ratio}{118}{subsubsection.6.4.2.1}
96 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.4.2.2}Active Sensors Ratio}{118}{subsubsection.6.4.2.2}
97 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.4.2.3}The Energy Consumption}{119}{subsubsection.6.4.2.3}
98 \contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.4.2.4}The Network Lifetime}{119}{subsubsection.6.4.2.4}
99 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.5}Conclusion}{122}{section.6.5}
100 \contentsline {part}{III\hspace {1em}Conclusion and Perspectives}{123}{part.3}
101 \contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {7}Conclusion and Perspectives}{125}{chapter.7}
102 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.1}Conclusion}{125}{section.7.1}
103 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.2}Perspectives}{126}{section.7.2}
104 \contentsline {part}{Bibliographie}{142}{chapter*.11}
