-\contentsline {chapter}{Introduction }{19}{chapter*.8}
-\contentsline {section}{1. General Introduction }{19}{section*.9}
-\contentsline {section}{2. Motivation of the Dissertation }{20}{section*.10}
-\contentsline {section}{3. The Objective of this Dissertation}{20}{section*.11}
-\contentsline {section}{4. Main Contributions of this Dissertation}{20}{section*.12}
-\contentsline {section}{5. Dissertation Outline}{22}{section*.13}
-\contentsline {part}{I\hspace {1em}Scientific Background}{23}{part.1}
-\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {1}Wireless Sensor Networks}{25}{chapter.1}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.1}Introduction}{25}{section.1.1}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.2}Architecture}{26}{section.1.2}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.3}Types of Wireless Sensor Networks}{28}{section.1.3}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.4}Applications}{30}{section.1.4}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.5}The Main Challenges}{33}{section.1.5}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.6}Energy-Efficient Mechanisms of a working WSN}{35}{section.1.6}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.1}Energy-Efficient Routing}{35}{subsection.1.6.1}
-\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.1.1}Routing Metric based on Residual Energy}{35}{subsubsection.1.6.1.1}
-\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.1.2}Multipath Routing}{35}{subsubsection.1.6.1.2}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.2}Cluster Architecture}{36}{subsection.1.6.2}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.3}Scheduling Schemes}{36}{subsection.1.6.3}
-\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.3.1}Wake up Scheduling Schemes}{36}{subsubsection.1.6.3.1}
-\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.3.2}Topology Control Schemes}{39}{subsubsection.1.6.3.2}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.4}Data-Driven Schemes}{39}{subsection.1.6.4}
-\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.4.1}Data Reduction Schemes}{40}{subsubsection.1.6.4.1}
-\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.4.2}Energy Efficient Data Acquisition Schemes}{40}{subsubsection.1.6.4.2}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.5}Battery Repletion}{40}{subsection.1.6.5}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.6}Radio Optimization}{40}{subsection.1.6.6}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.7}Relay nodes and Sink Mobility}{41}{subsection.1.6.7}
-\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.7.1}Relay node placement}{41}{subsubsection.1.6.7.1}
-\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.7.2}Sink Mobility}{41}{subsubsection.1.6.7.2}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.7}Network Lifetime}{41}{section.1.7}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.8}Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks }{42}{section.1.8}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.9}Design Issues for Coverage Problems}{44}{section.1.9}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.10}Energy Consumption Model}{45}{section.1.10}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.11}Conclusion}{46}{section.1.11}
-\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2}Related Works on Coverage Problems}{47}{chapter.2}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.1}Introduction}{47}{section.2.1}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}Centralized Algorithms}{50}{section.2.2}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.3}Distributed Algorithms}{53}{section.2.3}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.1}Geographical Adaptive Fidelity (GAF)}{54}{subsection.2.3.1}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.2}Distributed Energy-efficient Scheduling for K-coverage (DESK)}{56}{subsection.2.3.2}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.4}Conclusion}{59}{section.2.4}
-\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3}Evaluation Tools and Optimization Solvers}{61}{chapter.3}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.1}Introduction}{61}{section.3.1}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.2}Evaluation Tools}{61}{section.3.2}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.1}Testbed Tools}{62}{subsection.3.2.1}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.2}Simulation Tools}{63}{subsection.3.2.2}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.3}Optimization Solvers}{68}{section.3.3}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.4}Conclusion}{71}{section.3.4}
-\contentsline {part}{II\hspace {1em}Contributions}{73}{part.2}
-\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4}Distributed Lifetime Coverage Optimization Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks}{75}{chapter.4}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.1}Introduction}{75}{section.4.1}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.2}Description of the DiLCO Protocol}{76}{section.4.2}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.1}Assumptions and Network Model}{76}{subsection.4.2.1}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.2}Primary Point Coverage Model}{77}{subsection.4.2.2}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.3}Main Idea}{78}{subsection.4.2.3}
-\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.3.1}Information Exchange Phase}{79}{subsubsection.4.2.3.1}
-\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.3.2}Leader Election Phase}{79}{subsubsection.4.2.3.2}
-\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.3.3}Decision phase}{79}{subsubsection.4.2.3.3}
-\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.3.4}Sensing phase}{79}{subsubsection.4.2.3.4}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.3}Primary Points based Coverage Problem Formulation}{80}{section.4.3}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.4}Simulation Results and Analysis}{82}{section.4.4}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.1}Simulation Framework}{82}{subsection.4.4.1}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.2}Modeling Language and Optimization Solver}{82}{subsection.4.4.2}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.3}Energy Consumption Model}{82}{subsection.4.4.3}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.4}Performance Metrics}{83}{subsection.4.4.4}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.5}Performance Analysis for Different Subregions}{84}{subsection.4.4.5}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.6}Performance Analysis for Primary Point Models}{90}{subsection.4.4.6}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.7}Performance Comparison with other Approaches}{95}{subsection.4.4.7}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.5}Conclusion}{101}{section.4.5}
-\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {5}Multiround Distributed Lifetime Coverage Optimization Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks}{103}{chapter.5}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.1}Introduction}{103}{section.5.1}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.2}MuDiLCO Protocol Description}{104}{section.5.2}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2.1}Background Idea and Algorithm}{104}{subsection.5.2.1}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.3}Primary Points based Multiround Coverage Problem Formulation}{105}{section.5.3}
-\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.4}Experimental Study and Analysis}{107}{section.5.4}
-\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.1}Simulation Setup}{107}{subsection.5.4.1}
+\contentsline {chapter}{Dedication}{19}{chapter*.8}
+\contentsline {chapter}{Acknowledgements}{21}{chapter*.9}
+\contentsline {chapter}{Introduction }{23}{chapter*.10}
+\contentsline {section}{1. General Introduction }{23}{section*.11}
+\contentsline {section}{2. Motivation of the Dissertation }{24}{section*.12}
+\contentsline {section}{3. Main Contributions of this Dissertation}{24}{section*.13}
+\contentsline {section}{4. Dissertation Outline}{25}{section*.14}
+\contentsline {part}{I\hspace {1em}Scientific Background}{27}{part.1}
+\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {1}Wireless Sensor Networks}{29}{chapter.1}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.1}Introduction}{29}{section.1.1}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.2}Architecture}{30}{section.1.2}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.3}Types of Wireless Sensor Networks}{32}{section.1.3}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.4}Applications}{34}{section.1.4}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.5}The Main Challenges}{37}{section.1.5}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.6}Energy-Efficient Mechanisms of a working WSN}{39}{section.1.6}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.1}Energy-Efficient Routing}{39}{subsection.1.6.1}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.1.1}Routing Metric based on Residual Energy}{39}{subsubsection.1.6.1.1}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.1.2}Multipath Routing}{39}{subsubsection.1.6.1.2}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.2}Cluster Architecture}{40}{subsection.1.6.2}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.3}Scheduling Schemes}{40}{subsection.1.6.3}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.3.1}Wake up Scheduling Schemes}{40}{subsubsection.1.6.3.1}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.3.2}Topology Control Schemes}{43}{subsubsection.1.6.3.2}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.4}Data-Driven Schemes}{43}{subsection.1.6.4}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.4.1}Data Reduction Schemes}{44}{subsubsection.1.6.4.1}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.4.2}Energy Efficient Data Acquisition Schemes}{44}{subsubsection.1.6.4.2}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.5}Battery Repletion}{44}{subsection.1.6.5}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.6}Radio Optimization}{44}{subsection.1.6.6}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.7}Relay nodes and Sink Mobility}{45}{subsection.1.6.7}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.7.1}Relay node placement}{45}{subsubsection.1.6.7.1}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {1.6.7.2}Sink Mobility}{45}{subsubsection.1.6.7.2}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.7}Network Lifetime}{45}{section.1.7}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.8}Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks }{46}{section.1.8}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.9}Design Issues for Coverage Problems}{48}{section.1.9}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.10}Energy Consumption Model}{49}{section.1.10}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.11}Conclusion}{50}{section.1.11}
+\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2}Related Works on Coverage Problems}{51}{chapter.2}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.1}Introduction}{51}{section.2.1}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}Centralized Algorithms}{53}{section.2.2}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.3}Distributed Algorithms}{55}{section.2.3}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.1}Geographical Adaptive Fidelity (GAF)}{57}{subsection.2.3.1}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.2}Distributed Energy-efficient Scheduling for K-coverage (DESK)}{59}{subsection.2.3.2}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.4}Conclusion}{63}{section.2.4}
+\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3}Evaluation Tools and Optimization Solvers}{65}{chapter.3}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.1}Introduction}{65}{section.3.1}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.2}Evaluation Tools}{65}{section.3.2}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.1}Testbed Tools}{66}{subsection.3.2.1}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.2}Simulation Tools}{68}{subsection.3.2.2}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.3}Optimization Solvers}{70}{section.3.3}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.4}Conclusion}{74}{section.3.4}
+\contentsline {part}{II\hspace {1em}Contributions}{75}{part.2}
+\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4}Distributed Lifetime Coverage Optimization Protocol}{77}{chapter.4}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.1}Introduction}{77}{section.4.1}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.2}Description of the DiLCO Protocol}{78}{section.4.2}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.1}Assumptions and Network Model}{78}{subsection.4.2.1}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.2}Primary Point Coverage Model}{79}{subsection.4.2.2}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.3}Main Idea}{79}{subsection.4.2.3}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.3.1}Information Exchange Phase}{81}{subsubsection.4.2.3.1}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.3.2}Leader Election Phase}{81}{subsubsection.4.2.3.2}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.3.3}Decision phase}{82}{subsubsection.4.2.3.3}
+\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.2.3.4}Sensing phase}{82}{subsubsection.4.2.3.4}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.3}Coverage Problem Formulation}{83}{section.4.3}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.4}Simulation Results and Analysis}{84}{section.4.4}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.1}Simulation Framework}{84}{subsection.4.4.1}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.2}Modeling Language and Optimization Solver}{84}{subsection.4.4.2}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.3}Energy Consumption Model}{85}{subsection.4.4.3}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.4}Performance Metrics}{85}{subsection.4.4.4}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.5}Performance Analysis for Different Number of Subregions}{87}{subsection.4.4.5}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.6}Performance Analysis for Different Number of Primary Points}{93}{subsection.4.4.6}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4.7}Performance Comparison with other Approaches}{97}{subsection.4.4.7}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.5}Conclusion}{104}{section.4.5}
+\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {5}Multiround Distributed Lifetime Coverage Optimization Protocol}{105}{chapter.5}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.1}Introduction}{105}{section.5.1}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.2}Description of the MuDiLCO Protocol }{105}{section.5.2}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.3}Primary Points based Multiround Coverage Problem Formulation}{107}{section.5.3}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.4}Experimental Study and Analysis}{108}{section.5.4}
+\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.1}Simulation Setup}{108}{subsection.5.4.1}
