Added book chapter submitted in 2009 and rejected in 2010.

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+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{References}{17}}
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+\bibcite{21}{6}
+\bibcite{25}{7}
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+\bibcite{5}{9}
+\bibcite{9}{10}
+\bibcite{10}{11}
+\bibcite{16}{12}
+\bibcite{17}{13}
+\bibcite{18}{14}
+\bibcite{1}{15}
+\bibcite{3}{16}
+\bibcite{4}{17}
+\bibcite{11}{18}
+\bibcite{6}{19}
+\bibcite{7}{20}
+\bibcite{8}{21}
+\immediate\closeout\minitoc

diff --git a/chapitre-2009/Fusion-chapter.bbl b/chapitre-2009/Fusion-chapter.bbl
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..d450abf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapitre-2009/Fusion-chapter.bbl
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+\begin{thebibliography}{10}
+
+\bibitem{12}
+I.~Akyildiz, W.~Su, Y.~Sankarasubramniam, and E.~Cayirci.
+\newblock A survey on sensor networks.
+\newblock {\em IEEE Communications Magazine}, pages 102--114, 2002.
+
+\bibitem{22}
+N.A. Lynch.
+\newblock Distributed algorithms.
+\newblock {\em Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.}, 1996.
+
+\bibitem{23}
+Y.~Rabani, A.~Sinclair, and R.~Wanka.
+\newblock Local divergence of markov chains and the analysis of iterative
+  load-balancing schemes.
+\newblock {\em in Proceedings of the IEEE Symp. on Found. of Comp. Sci., Palo
+  Alto}, 1998.
+
+\bibitem{24}
+P.A. Bliman and G.~Ferrari-Trecate.
+\newblock Average consensus problems in networks of agents with delayed
+  communications.
+\newblock {\em Journal of IFAC}, 44(8):1985--1995, 2008.
+
+\bibitem{20}
+R.~Olfati-Saber and R.~M. Murray.
+\newblock Consensus problems in networks of agents with switching topology and
+  time-delays.
+\newblock {\em IEEE Transaction on Automatic Control}, 49(9):1520--1533.
+
+\bibitem{21}
+Jacques Bahi, Arnaud Giersch, and Abdallah Makhoul.
+\newblock A scalable fault tolerant diffusion scheme for data fusion in sensor
+  networks.
+\newblock {\em The Third International ICST Conference on Scalable Information
+  Systems, Infoscale 2008, ACM}, june 2008.
+
+\bibitem{25}
+C.~C. Moallemi and B.~V. Roy.
+\newblock Consensus propagation.
+\newblock {\em IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory}, 52(11):4753--4766, Nov 2006.
+
+\bibitem{2}
+L.~Xiao, S.~Boyd, and S.~lall.
+\newblock A scheme for robust distributed sensor fusion based on average
+  consensus.
+\newblock {\em Proc. of the International Conference on Information processing
+  in Sensor Networks (IPSN)}, pages 63--70, 2005.
+
+\bibitem{5}
+A.~Speranzon, C.~Fischione, and K.H. Johansson.
+\newblock Distributed and collaborative estimation over wireless sensor
+  networks.
+\newblock {\em Proceedings of 45th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control},
+  2006.
+
+\bibitem{9}
+L.~Xiao, S.~Boyd, and S.~Lall.
+\newblock A space-time diffusion scheme for peer-to-peer least-squares
+  estimation.
+\newblock {\em Proc. of Fifth International Conf. on Information Processing in
+  Sensor Networks (IPSN 2006)}, pages 168--176, 2006.
+
+\bibitem{10}
+Mohammad~S. Talebi, Mahdi Kefayati, Babak~H. Khalaj, and Hamid~R. Rabiee.
+\newblock Adaptive consensus averaging for information fusion over sensor
+  networks.
+\newblock {\em In the proceedings of The Third IEEE International Conference on
+  Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS'06)}, 2006.
+
+\bibitem{16}
+D.~Spanos, R.~Olfati-Saber, and R.M. Murray.
+\newblock Distributed sensor fusion using dynamic consensus.
+\newblock {\em proceedings of IFAC}, 2005.
+
+\bibitem{17}
+D.S. Scherber and H.C. Papadopoulos.
+\newblock Distributed computation of averages over ad hoc networks.
+\newblock {\em IEEE journal on Selected Areas in Communications},
+  23(4):776--787, April 2005.
+
+\bibitem{18}
+Mohammad~S. Talebi, Mahdi Kefayati, Babak~H. Khalaj, and Hamid~R. Rabiee.
+\newblock Adaptive consensus averaging for information fusion over sensor
+  networks.
+\newblock {\em IEEE International Conference on Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems
+  (MASS)}, pages 562--565, 2006.
+
+\bibitem{1}
+J~A. Legg.
+\newblock Tracking and sensor fusion issues in the tactical land environement.
+\newblock {\em Technical Report TN.0605}, 2005.
+
+\bibitem{3}
+R.~Olfati-Saber and J.~S. Shamma.
+\newblock Consensus filters for sensor networks and distributed sensor fusion.
+\newblock {\em Proceedings of 44th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control
+  CDC-ECC}, 2005.
+
+\bibitem{4}
+R.~Olfati-Saber.
+\newblock Distributed kalman filter with embeded consensus filters.
+\newblock {\em Proceedings of 44th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control},
+  2005.
+
+\bibitem{11}
+R.~Olfati-Saber, J.A. Fax, and R.M. Murray.
+\newblock Consensus and cooperation in networked multi-agent systems.
+\newblock {\em Proc. of IEEE}, pages 215--233, 2007.
+
+\bibitem{6}
+Dimitri~P. Bertsekas and John~N. Tsitsiklis.
+\newblock {\em Parallel and Distributed Computation: Numerical Methods}.
+\newblock Athena Scientific, 1997.
+
+\bibitem{7}
+Jacques Bahi, Raphael Couturier, and Flavien Vernier.
+\newblock Synchronous distributed load balancing on dynamic networks.
+\newblock {\em Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing},
+  65(11):1397--1405, 2005.
+
+\bibitem{8}
+{OMNeT++}.
+\newblock http://www.omnetpp.org/.
+
+\end{thebibliography}

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+%%CreationDate: 1992 Feb 19 19:55:02
+% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
+11 dict begin
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+% Math Symbol fonts were designed by the American Mathematical Society.
+% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
+11 dict begin
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+%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:39:02
+% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
+11 dict begin
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+%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 15 07:21:34
+% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
+11 dict begin
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+%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: MSBM7 2.1
+%%CreationDate: 1992 Oct 17 08:30:50
+% Math Symbol fonts were designed by the American Mathematical Society.
+% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
+11 dict begin
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+%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMMI6 1.100
+%%CreationDate: 1996 Jul 23 07:53:52
+% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
+11 dict begin
+/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
+/version (1.100) readonly def
+/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
+/FullName (CMMI6) readonly def
+/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
+/Weight (Medium) readonly def
+/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
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+dup 78 /N put
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+readonly def
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+%%CreationDate: 1996 Aug 02 08:21:10
+% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
+11 dict begin
+/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
+/version (1.100) readonly def
+/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
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+dup 66 /B put
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+dup 107 /k put
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+readonly def
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+% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
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+%%CreationDate: 1993 Sep 17 11:10:37
+% Math Symbol fonts were designed by the American Mathematical Society.
+% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
+11 dict begin
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+/version (2.1) readonly def
+/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
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+%%CreationDate: 1992 Feb 19 19:54:52
+% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
+11 dict begin
+/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
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+%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 15 07:20:57
+% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
+11 dict begin
+/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
+/version (1.0) readonly def
+/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
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+end readonly def
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+dup 21 /greaterequal put
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+end
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+ @endspecial 523 2775 a Fm(Fig)o(.)e(1.3)36 b FA(The)18
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diff --git a/chapitre-2009/Fusion-chapter.tex b/chapitre-2009/Fusion-chapter.tex
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..67c1e5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapitre-2009/Fusion-chapter.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,1103 @@
+\documentclass{svmult}%
+%\documentclass[]{llncs}
+\usepackage{amsmath}
+
+\usepackage{amsfonts}
+\usepackage{amssymb}
+\usepackage{graphicx}%
+\usepackage{algorithm}
+\usepackage{algorithmic}
+\usepackage{amsmath}
+%\setcounter{MaxMatrixCols}{30}
+%\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}
+%\newtheorem{acknowledgement}[theorem]{Acknowledgement}
+%\newtheorem{algorithm}[theorem]{Algorithm}
+%\newtheorem{axiom}[theorem]{Axiom}
+%\newtheorem{case}[theorem]{Case}
+%\newtheorem{claim}[theorem]{Claim}
+\newtheorem{assumption}{Assumption}
+%\newtheorem{conclusion}[theorem]{Conclusion}
+%\newtheorem{condition}[theorem]{Condition}
+%\newtheorem{conjecture}[theorem]{Conjecture}
+%\newtheorem{corollary}[theorem]{Corollary}
+%\newtheorem{criterion}[theorem]{Criterion}
+%\newtheorem{definition}[theorem]{Definition}
+%\newtheorem{example}[theorem]{Example}
+%\newtheorem{exercise}[theorem]{Exercise}
+%\newtheorem{lemma}[theorem]{Lemma}
+%\newtheorem{notation}[theorem]{Notation}
+%\newtheorem{problem}[theorem]{Problem}
+%\newtheorem{proposition}[theorem]{Proposition}
+%\newtheorem{remark}[theorem]{Remark}
+%\newtheorem{solution}[theorem]{Solution}
+%\newtheorem{summary}[theorem]{Summary}
+%\newenvironment{proof}[1][Proof]{\noindent\textbf{#1.} }{\ \rule{0.5em}{0.5em}}
+%
+%
+%
+%\documentclass[]{llncs}
+%
+%\smartqed
+ %\usepackage{graphicx}
+ \usepackage{amsmath}
+% %\usepackage{amsthm}
+ \usepackage{amssymb}
+\usepackage{times}
+ \usepackage{algorithm}
+\usepackage{algorithmic}
+% %\newtheorem{definition}{Definition}
+
+\begin{document}
+%\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1}
+\title{Distributed Average Consensus in Large Asynchronous Sensor Networks}
+
+\author{Jacques M. Bahi, Arnaud Giersh, Abdallah Makhoul and Ahmed Mostefaoui}
+      \institute{Computer Science Laboratory, University of Franche-Comt\'e (LIFC) \at
+       Rue Engel-Gros, BP 527\\
+       90016 Belfort Cedex, France\\
+       \email{\{firstname.lastname\}@univ-fcomte.fr}
+}
+
+
+\maketitle 
+
+\abstract { One important issue in sensor networks is parameters
+  estimation based on nodes measurements. Several approaches have been
+  proposed in the literature (centralized and distributed
+  ones). Because of the particular noisy environment, usually observed
+  in sensor networks, centralized approaches are not efficient and
+  present several drawbacks (important energy consumption, routing
+  information maintaining, etc.). In distributed approaches however,
+  nodes exchange data with their neighbours and update their own data
+  accordingly until reaching convergence to the right parameters
+  estimate. These approaches, although provide some robustness against
+  nodes failure, does not address important issues as communication
+  delay tolerance and asynchronism (i.e., they require that nodes
+  remain synchronous in communication and processing). In this
+  chapter, we tackle these issues by proposing a totally asynchronous
+  scheme that is communication delay tolerant. The extensive
+  simulations series we conducted have showed the effectiveness of our
+  approach.  }
+
+%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+\section{Introduction}
+Recent years have witnessed significant advances in wireless sensor
+networks which emerge as one of the most promising technologies for
+the 21$^{st}$ century~\cite{12}. In fact, they present huge potential
+in several domains ranging from health care applications to military
+applications. In general, the primary objective of a wireless sensor
+network is to collect data from the monitored area and to transmit it
+to a base station (sink) for processing. Many applications envisioned
+for sensor networks consist of low–power and low–cost nodes. For
+instance, applications such as data fusion and distributed
+coordination require distributed function computation/parameter
+estimation under topology changes and power constraints. Distributed
+average consensus, in ad hoc networks, is an important issue in
+distributed agreement and synchronization problems~\cite{22} and is
+also a central topic for load balancing (with divisible tasks) in
+parallel computers~\cite{23}. More recently, it has also found
+applications in distributed coordination of mobile autonomous
+agents~\cite{24,20} and distributed data fusion in sensor
+networks~\cite{21,25}. In this chapter, we focus on a particular class
+of iterative algorithms based on information diffusion for average
+consensus, widely used in the applications cited above. Each node
+broadcasts its data to its neighbours and updates its estimation
+according to a weighted sum of the received data until the algorithm
+convergence.
+
+To illustrate the average consensus problem, let us consider the
+example of petrol tanks. We suppose that in a oil station we have
+large number of tanks related to each other in mechanical and sensor
+networks. The role of sensors is to dectect the level of each oil
+tank. The objective of this application is to keep the level of oil
+on all tanks the same. When a sensor node detects some changes in its
+level, it launchs an average consenus process to calculate the
+average level of all tranks and then thanks to the mechanical network
+an oil transfer operation is done to regulate the level. The average
+consensus process is used to compute the average level, each sensor
+node exchanges its information with its neighbors by iterative manner
+until the convergence to the average consensus.
+
+%\subsection {Motivations} The above data processing scheme is usually
+%known as {\it centralized data fusion}. In this scheme, each sensor
+%sends its data either directly, if it is located in the immediate
+%neighbourhood of the sink, or by multi hops relays to the data fusion
+%center via wireless communications. Besides the important cost in term
+%of energy resources consumption due mainly to wireless communications
+%(i.e., sensors that are located very far away from the base station,
+%requires an important amount of energy to send/receive data to/from
+%the sink), this scheme does not hold good robustness against
+%communication loss neither against nodes failures. Furthermore, it
+%requires that each node maintains rooting information to reach the
+%sink. This is particularly challenging and resources consuming in case
+%where network topology is constantly changing due either to nodes
+%failures or communications unreliability or nodes mobility.
+
+%Distributed approaches were proposed as interesting alternates based
+%on {\it in-network} processing which may, in many cases, significantly
+%decrease the energy consumed. In fact, in such approaches, nodes do
+%not need to hold global knowledge about the current network topology
+%since each node communicates only with its immediate neighbours. The
+%unknown parameter estimate is then successively carried out through
+%local computation from the exchanged data. The advantages of such
+%approaches are numerous: (a) no central data fusion base station is
+%required as every node holds the estimate of the unknown parameter;
+%(b) multi-hop communications are avoided (only direct communications
+%between neighbours are needed) and consequently maintaining rooting
+%data is not needed any more; (c) better behaviour is observed in front
+%of communication unreliability; (d) Network scalability is better
+%supported than in centralized approach due mainly to direct
+%communications between neighbours; etc.
+
+To calculate the average consensus, many distributed approaches have
+been proposed. On the other hand, these existing approaches present
+some insufficiencies (see next section). For instance, the flooding
+approach requires that each node holds a relatively important storage
+space. Other approaches make the unpractical assumption of
+communication synchronization between sensors~\cite{2,20} and do not
+tolerate communication delays neither nodes failures. These weaknesses
+remain very restrictive in sensor network environment where on one
+hand nodes are prone to frequent failures as they are driven by
+batteries and on the other hand communications are almost unreliable
+and prone to delays. Moreover, these two limitative features lead, in
+addition to nodes mobility, to dynamically changing network
+topologies.
+
+%\subsection {Contributions} 
+
+In order to overcome the above mentioned weaknesses, we propose and
+investigate in this chapter a novel approach for data fusion in sensor
+networks. The key idea behind is to develop a consensus algorithm that
+allows all nodes of the sensor network to track the average of their
+previous measurements~\cite{21,2,20,5,9,10,16,17,18}. More
+specifically, our proposition is based on an {\it in-network
+  asynchronous iterative algorithm}, run by each node and in which
+nodes communicate with only their immediate neighbours. 
+
+In this context, let us discuss the primary contributions of this chapter:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item Our approach does not require any synchronization between nodes
+  as it is basically asynchronous. In other words, each node
+  communicates its data to its instantaneous neighbours at its own
+  "rhythm" i.e., no delays between nodes are observed in our
+  approach. This is particularly important because in the synchronous
+  schemes, as the one reported in~\cite{2}, any delay between two
+  nodes in the network will result in a global delay over the whole
+  network since all the nodes are synchronous. This is particularly
+  limitative in heterogeneous sensor networks where nodes have
+  different processing speeds.
+
+\item As a consequence of its asynchronism, our proposed approach
+  totally tolerates communication delays. This feature is of an
+  important matter because sensor networks, as it is commonly known,
+  are prone to environmental perturbations~\cite{1} when communication
+  delays occur more frequently.
+
+\item The proposed distributed algorithm, as proven theoretical and
+  validated experimentally, supports dynamic topologies and guarantees
+  that each sensor node will converge to the average consensus.
+
+\end{itemize} 
+
+
+However, as for any iterative approach, our approach could, under
+certain environmental conditions, consume more network resources,
+mainly communications, than other centralized approaches, specifically
+in "perfect environment" where nodes and communications are totally
+reliable and the network topology is fixed.  Nevertheless, we note
+here that our concern is more focused on {\it "noisy environment"} in
+which communication unreliability and nodes failures are usual.
+
+%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+\section{Overview of Averaging Problem in Sensor Networks}
+
+The first and the simplest approach for distributed average estimation
+in sensor networks is called {\it flooding} approach~\cite{2}. In this
+approach, each sensor node broadcasts all its stored and received data
+to its neighbours. After a while, each node will hold all the data of
+the network and acts as a fusion center to compute the estimate of the
+unknown parameter. This technique has however several
+disadvantages~\cite{2}. First, it results in huge amount of exchanged
+duplicate messages, which represents a real limitation in environments
+like sensor networks.  Second, flooding requires that each node stores
+at least one message per node (in order to compute the average). This
+could lead to an important storage memory requirement in case of a
+large sensor network with the associated operations (reads and
+writes). Finally, it is obvious that those requirements will consume
+much resources leading to an important decrease of the whole network
+lifetime.
+
+Alternatively, in~\cite{3} the authors proposed a scalable sensor
+fusion scenario that performs fusion of sensor measurements combined
+with local Kalman filtering. They developed a distributed algorithm
+that allows the sensor nodes to compute the average of all of their
+measurements. It is worthy to note that many other sensor data fusion
+approaches are based on Kalman filters and mobile
+agents~\cite{4,5,11,16,17}.
+
+An iterative method for distributed data fusion in sensor networks
+based on the calculation of an average consensus~\footnote{In the rest
+  of the paper, the terms "average consensus" and "parameter
+  estimation" are used to denote the same mechanism of finding an
+  estimate of the unknown parameter average.}  has been proposed
+in~\cite{2}. The authors consider that every node takes a noisy
+measurement of the unknown parameter. Each node broadcasts its data to
+its neighbours and updates its estimation according to a weighted sum
+of the received data. In this scheme all the communications are direct
+ones.
+
+Although the above mentioned works and other existing data fusion
+scenarios guarantee some level of robustness to nodes failures and
+dynamic topology changes~\cite{2,3,4,10,20}, they either put some
+unpractical assumptions like nodes synchronization or do not support
+practical issues as the communication delays.
+
+To the best of our knowledge, the above issues which are extremely
+important, especially in noisy environments, are not taken into
+account in previous data fusion approaches. In this chapter, we
+present an asynchronous data fusion scheme, particularly tailored to
+perturbed sensor networks. It focuses on a distributed iterative
+algorithm for calculating averages over asynchronous sensor
+networks. The sensor nodes exchange and update their data by the mean
+of a weighted sum in order to achieve the average consensus. The
+suggested algorithm does not rely on synchronization between the nodes
+nor does it require any knowledge of the global topology. To round up,
+the convergence of the proposed algorithm is proved in a general
+asynchronous environment.
+
+%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+\section{Asynchronous Distributed Consensus with Messages Loss}
+
+\subsection{Problem Formulation}
+
+A sensor network is modelled as a connected undirected graph $G = (V,
+E)$. The set of nodes is denoted by $V$ (the set of vertices), and the
+links between nodes by $E$ (the set of edges). The nodes are labelled
+$i = 1,2, \ldots, n$, and a link between two nodes $i$ and $j$ is
+denoted by $(i, j)$. The dynamic topology changes are represented by
+the time varying graph $G(t) = (V, E(t))$, where $E(t)$ is the set of
+active edges at time $t$. The set of neighbours of node $i$ at time
+$t$ is denoted by $N_{i}(t) = \{j\in V \mid (i,j) \in E(t)\}$, and the
+degree (number of neighbours) of node $i$ at time $t$ by $\eta_{i}(t)
+= |N_{i}(t)|$.
+
+Each node takes initial measurement $z_{i}$. For sake of simplicity
+let us suppose that $z_{i}\in\mathbb{R}$. Then, $z$ will refer to the
+vector whose $i$th component is $z_{i}$ in case we are concerned with
+several parameters.  Each node on the network also maintains a dynamic
+state $x_{i}(t)\in\mathbb{R}$ which is initially set to $x_{i}(0) =
+z_{i}$.
+
+Intuitively each node's state $x_{i}(t)$ is its current estimate of
+the average value $\sum_{i=1}^{n} z_{i} / n$. The goal of the
+averaging algorithm, is to let all the states $x_{i}(t)$ go to the
+average $\sum_{i=1}^{n} z_{i} / n$, as $t \rightarrow \infty$. This
+will be done through data exchange between neighbouring nodes where
+each node at every time iteration $t$ performs weighted sum of the
+received data as follows~\cite{20,2}:
+
+\begin{equation}
+  x_{i}(t+1) = x_{i}(t) - \sum_{j\in{N}_{i}}\alpha_{ij}(t)(x_{i}(t) - x_{j}(t)) , i = 1, \ldots, n.
+ \label{eqno1}
+ \end{equation}
+
+Where $\alpha_{ij}(t)$ is the weight on $x_{j}(t)$ at node $i$, and
+ $\alpha_{ij}(t) = 0$ for $j \not\in N_{i}(t)$.
+
+In order to handle communication delays, we consider that at time $t$
+a node $i$ gets the state of its neighbour $j$ at time $d_{j}^{i}(t)$,
+where $0\leq d_{j}^{i}(t)\leq t$
+
+$d_{j}^{i}(t)$ represents the transmission delay between nodes $i$ and
+$j$. Therefore, let us denote
+$x_{j}^{i}(t)=x_{j}(d_{j}^{i}(t))\in\mathbb{R}$ the state of node $j$
+at time $d_{j}^{i}(t),$ received at time $t$ by node $i$. Then, we
+defined the extended neighbourhood of node $i$ at time $t$ as the set:
+
+\begin{equation*}
+\overline{N}_{i}(t)=\left\{j \mid \text{ }\exists \ d_{j}^{i}(t)\in\left\{
+t-B+1,...,t\right\}  ,\text{such that }j\in N_{i}(d_{j}^{i}(t))\right\};
+\end{equation*}
+
+note that $ N_{i}(t) \subset \overline{N}_{i}(t)$.
+
+
+The problem, as for any distributed algorithmic approach, is how and
+under which conditions, will we ensure convergence of the proposed
+algorithm? In other terms, are we sure that all the node's $x_{i}$
+will converge to the right estimate of the unknown parameter average
+value? Also, how can we choose the parameters $\alpha_{ij}(t)$ so to
+improve the convergence speed and the quality of the derived estimate?
+Hereafter we present and analyse our proposal. We used the notations
+reported in Table~\ref{notations}
+
+
+\begin{table}[h]  
+\begin{center}  
+\footnotesize
+\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}  
+\hline  
+\cline{1-2}  
+\textbf Notation&Description\\  
+\hline  
+\textbf{$G(t)$}&the time varying graph\\  
+\hline  
+\textbf{$N_{i}(t)$}&the set of neighbors of node $i$ at time $t$\\  
+\hline  
+\textbf{$z_{i}$}&the initial measurement of node $i$\\  
+\hline   
+\textbf{$x_{i}(t)$}&the dynamic state of node $i$\\
+\hline
+\textbf{$d_{j}^{i}(t)$}&the transmission delay between nodes $i$ and $j$\\  
+\hline  
+\textbf{$x_{j}^{i}(t)=x_{j}(d_{j}^{i}(t))$}&the state of node $j$ at time $t-d_{j}^{i}(t)$\\  
+\hline  
+\textbf{$\overline{N}_{i}(t)$}&the extended neighborhood of $i$ at time $t$\\  
+\hline
+\textbf{$s_{ij}(t)$}& the data sent by $i$ to $j$ at time $t$\\  
+\hline
+\textbf{$r_{ji}(t)$}&the data received by $i$ from $j$ at time $t$\\  
+\hline
+\end{tabular}  
+\caption{Notations}  
+\label{notations}  
+\end{center}  
+\end{table}  
+
+%--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+\subsection{Asynchronous scheme}
+
+Our algorithm to compute the average consensus over the network is
+based on information diffusion i.e., each node takes a measurement and
+then cooperates with its neighbours in a diffusion manner to estimate
+the average of all the collected information.  It is inspired from the
+work of Bertsekas and Tsitsiklis~\cite[section~7.4]{6} on load
+balancing and extends it to cope with dynamic topologies and messages
+loss and delays. Algorithm~\ref{general} presents the main steps of
+our proposed algorithm.
+
+\begin{algorithm}[H]
+\begin{small}
+\caption{The General Algorithm.}
+\begin{algorithmic}[1]
+\label{general} 
+\STATE Each node maintains an instantaneous state $x_{i}(t) \in
+\mathbb{R}$, and at $t=0$ (after all nodes have taken
+the measurement), each node initializes its state as $x_{i}(0) =
+z_{i}$.  \STATE At every step $t$ each node $i$:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item compares its state to the states of its neighbours;
+\item chooses and computes $s_{ij}(t)$. They have to be chosen
+  carefully in order to ensure the convergence of the algorithm;
+\item diffuses its information;
+\item receives the information sent by its neighbours $r_{ji}(t)$;
+\item updates its state with a combination of its own state and the states at its
+instantaneous and extended neighbours ($\overline{N}_{i}(t)$) as follows:
+\begin{equation}
+ x_{i}(t+1)=x_{i}(t)-\sum_{j\in N_{i}(t)}s_{ij}(t)+\sum_{j\in\overline 
+{N}_{i}(t)}r_{ji}(t).
+\label{x_(t+1)}%
+\end{equation}
+\end{itemize}
+\end{algorithmic}
+\end{small}
+\end{algorithm}
+
+\subsection{Theoretical Analysis (Convergence)}
+
+We now introduce three assumptions that ensure the convergence of our algorithm.
+
+\begin{assumption}
+\label{assump:ConnectedGraph} 
+$\text{There exists}\ B\in\mathbb{N}$ such that $\forall
+t\geqslant0,$\\ $t-B<d_{j}^{i}(t)\leq t$ and the union of communication graphs
+$\bigcup_{\tau = t}^{t+B-1}G(\tau)$ is a connected graph.
+\end{assumption}
+
+This assumption, known as jointly connected condition~\cite{2,7},
+implies that each node $i$ is connected to a node $j$ within any time
+interval of length $B$ and that the delay between two nodes cannot
+exceeds $B$. Recall that, a graph is connected if for any two vertices
+$i$ and $j$ there exists a sequence of edges $(i,\ k_{1}), (k_{1},
+k_{2}), \ldots, (k_{l-1},\ k_{l}),\\ (k_{l},\ j)$.
+
+In Figure~\ref{fig:jointly} we show an example of jointly connected
+graphs, we notice that at $t = 1$ the graph $G_{1}$ is not connected;
+the same case for $G_{2}$ at $t = 2$; while the union $G$ of $G_{1}$
+and $G_{2}$ is a connected graph.
+
+\begin{figure}[h]  
+\centering  
+        \includegraphics[scale=.55]{jointly.eps}  
+%\vspace{-1mm}  
+\caption{Example of jointly connected graphs}   
+\label{fig:jointly}  
+\end{figure}
+
+
+\begin{assumption}
+  \label{Inf Assumption} $ \text{There exists}\ \alpha>0,\forall
+  t\geqslant0, \\ \forall i\in N,\forall j\in N_{i}(t)$, such that
+  $\alpha(x_{i}(t)-x_{j}^{i}(t)) \leq s_{ij}(t).$ \\ $\ \left(s_{ij}(t)=0
+    \ \text{if} \ (x_{i}(t) \leq x_{j}^{i}(t)) \ \text{for all} \ j
+    \in N_{i}(t)\right) $.
+\end{assumption}
+
+The second assumption postulates that when a node $i$ detects a
+difference between its state and the states of its neighbours, it
+therefore computes non negligible $s_{ij}$ to all nodes $j$ where
+$(x_{i}(t) > x_{j}^{i}(t))$.
+
+\begin{assumption}
+\label{PingPong}%
+\begin{equation}
+x_{i}(t)-\sum_{k\in N_{i}(t)}s_{ik}(t)\geq x_{j}^{i}(t)+s_{ij}(t)
+\label{h5_2}%
+\end{equation}
+\end{assumption}
+The third assumption prohibits node $i$ to compute very large $s_{ij}$
+which creates a ping-pong state. Recall that, the ping-pong state is
+established when two nodes keep sending data to each other back and
+forth, without ever reaching equilibrium. Note that these two
+assumptions are similar to assumption 4.2 introduced
+in~\cite[section~7.4]{6}.
+
+\begin{theorem}
+\label{THE}
+if the assumptions \ref{assump:ConnectedGraph}, \ref{Inf Assumption}
+and \ref{PingPong} are satisfied, Algorithm~\ref{general} guarantees that
+
+\begin{equation}
+\lim_{t\rightarrow\infty}x_{i}(t)=\frac{1}{n} {\displaystyle\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}} x_{i}(0)
+\end{equation}
+
+i.e., all node states converge to the average of the initial measurements of the network.
+\end{theorem}
+
+%------------------------------------------------------------preuve 
+\noindent{\it Proof}
+%\begin{small}
+
+Let $m(t)=\min_{i}\min_{t-B<\tau\leq t}x_{i}(\tau).$ Note that $x_{j}^{i}%
+(\tau)\geq m(t),$ $\forall i,j,t.$\newline Lemma \ref{lemma:1} and
+\ref{lemma:2} below can be proven similarly to the lemma of pages 521 and 522
+in~\cite{6}.
+
+Denote by $v_{ij}(t)=\sum\limits_{s=0}^{t-1}\left( s_{ij}(s)-r_{ij}%
+  (s)\right) ,$ the data sent by $i$ and not yet received by
+$j$ at time $t.$ We suppose that $v_{ij}(0)=0.$ Then by data
+conservation, we obtain%
+\begin{equation}
+\sum_{i=1}^{n}\left(  x_{i}(t)+\sum_{j\in N_{i}(t)}v_{ij}(t)\right)
+=\sum_{i=1}^{n}x_{i}(0),\qquad\forall t\geqslant0\label{conservation}%
+\end{equation}
+%
+>From assumption~\ref{assump:ConnectedGraph} we can conclude that the
+data $v_{ij}(t)$ in the network before time $t$ consists in
+data sent in the interval time $\left\{ t-B+1,...,t-1\right\} ,$ so
+$v_{ij}(t)\leq\sum_{\tau=t-B+1}^{t-1}s_{ij}(t),$ $\forall node
+i,\forall j\in N_{i}(t).$
+
+\begin{lemma}
+\label{lemma:1}The sequence $m(t)$ is monotone, nondecreasing and converges
+and $\forall i,\forall s\geq0,$%
+\begin{equation*}
+x_{i}(t+s)\geq m(t)+\left(  \frac{1}{n}\right)  ^{t_{1}-t_{0}}(x_{i}(t)-m(t))
+\end{equation*}
+
+\end{lemma}
+
+Let $i\in V,t_{0}\in\mathbb{N},$ and $t\geq t_{0},$ $j\in V,$ we say that the
+event $E_{j}(t)$ occurs if there exists $j\in\overline{N}_{i}(t)$ such
+that
+\begin{equation}
+x_{j}^{i}(t)<m(t_{0})+\frac{\alpha}{2n^{t-t_{0}}}\left(  x_{i}(t_{0}%
+)-m(t_{0})\right)  \label{Event E_1}%
+\end{equation}
+and%
+\begin{equation}
+s_{ij}(t)\geq\alpha\left(  x_{i}(t)-x_{j}^{i}(t)\right)  ,\label{Event E_2}%
+\end{equation}
+where $\alpha$ is defined in assumption \ref{Inf Assumption}, and $V$ is the set of all nodes.
+
+\begin{lemma}
+\label{lemma:2}Let $t_{1}\geq t_{0},$ if $E_{j}(t_{1})$ occurs, then
+$E_{j}(\tau)$ doesn't occur for any $\tau\geq t_{1}+2B$.
+\end{lemma}
+
+\begin{lemma}
+\label{lemma:3}$\forall i\in V,\forall t_{0}\in\mathbb{N},\forall
+j\in\overline{N}_{i}(t),$%
+\begin{equation*}
+t\geq t_{0}+3nB\Rightarrow x_{j}(t)\geq m(t_{0})+\eta\left(  \frac{1}%
+{n}\right)  ^{t-t_{0}}(x_{i}(t_{0})-m(t_{0})).
+\end{equation*}
+where $\eta=\frac{\alpha}{2}\left(  \frac{1}{n}\right)  ^{B}.$
+\end{lemma}
+
+\begin{proof}
+Let us fix $i$ and $t_{0}.$ Let us consider $t_{1},...,t_{n}$ such that
+$t_{k-1}+2B\leq t_{k}\leq t_{k-1}+3B.$ Lemma \ref{lemma:2} implies that if
+$k\neq l,$ then $E_{j}(t_{k})$ and $E_{j}(t_{l})$ doesn't occur together.
+Hence, there exists $t_{k}$ for which (\ref{Event E_1}) is not satisfied for
+all $d_{j}^{i}(t_{k})\in\left\{  t_{k}-B+1,...,t_{k}\right\}  ,$ and $j\in
+N_{i}(d_{j}^{i}(t_{k})).$
+
+Let $j^{\ast}\in N_{i}(d_{j}^{i}% 
+(t_{k}))$ such that $x_{j^{\ast}}^{i}(t_{k})\leq x_{j}^{i}(t_{k}), \forall
+j\in N_{i}(d_{j}^{i}(t_{k})).$ Since (\ref{Event E_1}) is not satisfied for
+$j=j^{\ast},$ we have%
+
+\begin{equation*}
+\begin{array}
+[c]{rl}%
+x_{j}^{i}(t_{k})\geq & x_{j^{\ast}}^{i}(t_{k}) \\
+x_{j^{\ast}}^{i}(t_{k}) \geq & m(t_{0})+\frac{\alpha}%
+{2}\left(  \frac{1}{n}\right)  ^{t_{k}-t_{0}}\left(  x_{i}(t_{0}%
+)-m(t_{0})\right), \text{ }\forall j\in N_{i}(d_{j}^{i}(t_{k})).
+\end{array}
+\end{equation*}
+
+
+For $t\geq t_{0}+3nB,$ we have $t\geq t_{k}\geq d_{j}^{i}(t_{k}).$ Lemma
+\ref{lemma:1} gives, $\forall j\in N_{i}(d_{j}^{i}(t_{k}))$%
+
+\begin{equation*}%
+\begin{array}
+[c]{rl}%
+x_{j}(t)\geq & m(d_{j}^{i}(t_{k}))+\left(\frac{1}{n}\right) ^{t-d_{j}%
+^{i}(t_{k})}(x_{j}(d_{j}^{i}(t_{k}))-m(d_{j}^{i}(t_{k})))\\
+\geq & m(t_{0})+\frac{\alpha}{2}\left(  \frac{1}{n}\right)  ^{B}\left(
+\frac{1}{n}\right)  ^{t-t_{0}}\left(  x_{i}(t_{0})-m(t_{0})\right)  .
+\end{array}
+\end{equation*}
+\end{proof}
+
+\begin{definition}
+We say that a sensor $j$ is $l$-connected to a sensor $i$ if it is logically
+connected to $i$ by $l$ communication graphs, i.e. if there exists $r_{k}%
+^{i}(t_{k})\in\left\{  t_{k}-B+1,...,t_{k}\right\}  ,$ where $k\in\left\{
+i_{1},...,i_{l}\right\}  $, such that $i=i_{1}\in N_{i_{2}}(r_{i_{1}}%
+^{i_{2}}(t_{1})),i_{2}\in N_{i_{3}}(r_{i_{2}}^{i_{3}}(t_{2})),...,\\ i_{l}\in
+N_{j}(r_{l}^{j}(t_{l})).$
+\end{definition}
+
+\begin{lemma}
+\label{lemma:4}If sensor $j$ is $l$-connected to sensor $i$ then%
+\begin{equation*}
+\forall t\geq t_{0}+3nlB,\text{ }x_{j}(t)\geq m(t_{0})+\left(  \eta\right)
+^{l}(\frac{1}{n})^{(t-t_{0})^{l}}\left(  x_{i}(t_{0})-m(t_{0})\right)  .
+\end{equation*}
+
+\end{lemma}
+
+\begin{proof}
+By induction. Suppose that the lemma is true for $t_{0}+3nlB$ then if $j$ is
+$l$-connected to $j$, we have%
+
+\begin{equation*}
+x_{l}(t_{0}+3nlB)\geq m(t_{0})+\left(  \eta\right)  ^{l}\left(  (\frac{1}%
+{n})^{(3nlB)}\right)  ^{l}\left(  x_{i}(t_{0})-m(t_{0})\right)  .
+\end{equation*}
+
+Consider a sensor $k$ connected to $j$ ($k$ is
+$\left(l+1\right)$-connected to $i$), Lemma \ref{lemma:3} and the
+above inequality give (replacing $t_{0}$ by $t_{0}+3nlB),$
+
+\begin{equation*}%
+\begin{array}
+[c]{rc}%
+
+x_{k}(t)\geq & \\ m(t_{0}+3nlB)+\eta(\frac{1}{n})^{^{t-t_{0}-3nlB}}\left(
+\left(  \eta\right)  ^{l}\left(  (\frac{1}{n})^{(3nlB)}\right)  ^{l}\left(
+x_{i}(t_{0})-m(t_{0})\right)  \right)  \\
+\geq & \\ m(t_{0})+\left(\eta\right)  ^{l+1}\left((\frac{1}{n})^{(t-t_{0}%
+)}\right)  ^{l+1}\left(x_{i}(t_{0})-m(t_{0})\right).
+\end{array}
+\end{equation*}
+\end{proof}
+
+\begin{proof}
+[Proof of Theorem 1] Consider a sensor $i$ and a time $t_{0}.$ Assumption
+\ref{assump:ConnectedGraph} implies that sensor $i$ is $B$-connected to any
+sensor $j.$ Lemma \ref{lemma:4} gives: $\forall t\in\left[  t_{0}%
++3nMB,t_{0}+3nMB+B\right]  ,$ $\forall j\in V,$%
+\begin{equation*}
+x_{j}(t_{0}+3nMB+B)\geq m(t_{0})+\delta\left( x_{i}(t_{0})-m(t_{0})\right)  ,
+\end{equation*}
+where $\delta>0.$ Thus,%
+\begin{equation*}
+m(t_{0}+3nMB+B)\geq m(t_{0})+\delta\left(  \max_{i}x_{i}(t_{0})-m(t_{0}%
+)\right)  .
+\end{equation*}
+Note that $\lim_{t_{0}\rightarrow\infty}\max_{i}x_{i}(t_{0})-m(t_{0})=0$
+(otherwise \\$\lim_{t_{0}\rightarrow\infty}m(t_{0})=+\infty$). On the other
+hand, as $\lim_{t\rightarrow\infty}m(t)=c$ and as $m(t)\leq x_{j}(t)\leq
+\max_{i}x_{i}(t),$ we deduce that $\forall j\in V,$ $\lim_{t\rightarrow\infty
+}x_{j}(t)=c,$ which implies that $\lim_{t\rightarrow\infty}s_{ij}(t)=0$.
+Thanks to assumption 1, we deduce that $\lim_{t\rightarrow\infty}v_{ij}(t)=0,$
+and thanks to (\ref{conservation}), we deduce that $nc=\lim_{t\rightarrow
+\infty}x_{i}(t)=\sum_{i=1}^{n}x_{i}(0),$i.e. $c=\sum_{i=1}^{n}x_{i}(0)/n,$
+which yields to $\lim_{t\rightarrow\infty}x_{i}(t)=\frac{1}{n}%
+%TCIMACRO{\dsum \limits_{i=1}^{n}}%
+%BeginExpansion
+{\displaystyle\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}}
+%EndExpansion
+x_{i}(0)$ proving Theorem 1.
+\end{proof}
+%\end{small}
+%----------------------------------------------------------preuve 
+
+
+\subsection{Practical Issues}
+
+We now discuss some practical aspects related to the implementation of
+Algorithm~\ref{general}. The main two points are how to choose
+$s_{ij}(t)$ and how to overcome the loss of messages?
+ 
+Each node updates its state following equation (\ref{x_(t+1)}). This
+is achieved, by updating each sensors $s_{ij}(t)$ through time.  For
+sake of simplicity, the value of $s_{ij}(t)$ is chosen to be computed
+by the weighted difference between the states of nodes $i$ and $j$ as
+follows:
+
+\begin{equation*}
+  s_{ij}(t) = \left\{
+          \begin{array}{ll}
+            \alpha_{ij}(t) (x_{i}(t) - x_{j}^{i}(t)) & \qquad \text{if} \quad x_{i}(t) >  x_{j}^{i}(t) \ ,\\
+            0 & \qquad \text{otherwise}.\\
+          \end{array}
+        \right.
+\end{equation*}
+
+The choice of $s_{ij}(t)$ is then deduced from the proper choice of
+the weights $\alpha_{ij}(t)$. Hence, $\alpha_{ij}(t)$ must be chosen
+such that the states of all the nodes converge to the average
+$\sum_{i=1}^{n} z_{i} / n$, i.e., assumptions \ref{Inf Assumption} and
+\ref{PingPong} must be satisfied.
+
+Denote by $j^{\ast}$ the sensor node satisfying
+$x_{j^{\ast}}^{i}=\min_{k\in N_{i}(t)} x_{k}^{i}(t)$ (note that
+$j^{\ast}$ depends on $i$ and time $t$)$.$ The values of
+$\alpha_{ij}(t)$ must be selected so that to avoid the ping pong
+condition presented in assumption~\ref{PingPong}.
+
+This is equivalent to choose $\alpha_{ij}(t)$ so that $\forall
+t\geqslant 0,\forall i\in N,$ and $j\neq
+j^{\ast}\in\overline{N}_{i}(t)$ satisfying $x_{i}(t)>x_{j}^{i}(t),$
+
+\begin{equation}
+0\leq\alpha_{ij}(t)\leq\frac{1}{2}\left(  1-\frac{\sum_{j\neq i}\alpha
+_{ik}(t)(x_{i}(t)-x_{i}^{k}(t))}{(x_{i}(t)-x_{i}^{j}(t))}\right)
+\label{h5_2bis}%
+\end{equation}
+
+The weights $\alpha_{ij}(t)$ must also be chosen in order to respect
+assumption~\ref{Inf Assumption}. This assumption can be carried out by
+fixing a constant $\beta\in\left[ 0,1\right] $ and choosing
+
+\begin{equation}
+\left\{
+\begin{array}
+[c]{l}%
+\sum_{k\neq j^{\ast}\in N_{i}(t)}\alpha_{ik}(t)(x_{i}(t)-x_{k}^{i}%
+(t))\leq\beta(x_{i}(t)-x_{j^{\ast}}^{i}(t)),\\
+\alpha_{ij^{\ast}}(t)=\frac{1}{2}\left(  1-\frac{\sum_{k\neq j^{\ast}}%
+\alpha_{ik}(t)(x_{i}(t)-x_{k}^{i}(t))}{(x_{i}(t)-x_{j^{\ast}}^{i}(t))}\right)
+\end{array}
+\right.  \label{h6}%
+\end{equation}
+Indeed, from (\ref{h6}) we deduce%
+\begin{equation*}
+\alpha_{ij^{\ast}}(t)\geq\frac{(x_{i}(t)-x_{j^{\ast}}^{i}(t))-\beta
+(x_{i}(t)-x_{j^{\ast}}^{i}(t))}{2(x_{i}(t)-x_{j^{\ast}}^{i}(t))}=\frac
+{1-\beta}{2}=\alpha.
+\end{equation*}
+Hence, $\forall i,j^{\ast},t$ such that $j^{\ast}\in\overline{N}_{i}(t)$
+and $x_{j^{\ast}}^{i}(t)=\min_{k\in N_{i}(t)}x_{k}^{i}(t),$%
+\begin{equation*}
+s_{ij^{\ast}}(t)=\alpha_{ij^{\ast}}(t)\left(  x_{i}(t)-x_{j^{\ast}}%
+^{i}(t)\right) \geq\alpha\left(  x_{i}(t)-x_{j^{\ast}}^{i}(t)\right).
+\end{equation*}
+
+The first inequation of (\ref{h6}) can be written as $\sum_{k\neq
+  j^{\ast}\in
+  V_{i}(t)}s_{ik}(t)\leq\beta(x_{i}(t)-x_{j^{\ast}}^{i}(t)),$ this
+means that the totality of data sent to the neighbours of $i$ (except
+$j^{\ast }$) doesn't exceed a portion $\beta$ of
+$(x_{i}(t)-x_{j^{\ast}}^{i}(t)).$
+
+Equations (\ref{h5_2bis}) and (\ref{h6}) are derived from the
+assumptions \ref{Inf Assumption} and \ref{PingPong}. Therefore the
+choice of the weights $\alpha_{ij}$ must take into consideration these
+two equations.
+
+First let define the deviation $\Delta_{i}^{j}(t)$ of node $i$ as:
+
+\begin{equation*}
+  \Delta_{i}^{j}(t) = \left\{
+          \begin{array}{ll}
+            x_{i}(t) - x_{j}^{i}(t) & \qquad \text{if}  j\in N_{i}(t) \  \text{and} \  x_{i}(t) >  x_{j}^{i}(t) \ ,\\
+            0 & \qquad \text{otherwise.}\\
+          \end{array}
+        \right.
+\end{equation*} 
+
+Algorithm~\ref{WeightUpdate} presents our method for temporally
+updating the averaging weights. Node $i$ computes the difference
+between its current state and current states of its neighbours. The
+positive deviations ($\Delta_{i}^{j} > 0$) are then stored in the
+array $Delta_{i}$, in a decreasing order. Then, it sets the weight
+$\alpha_{ij}$ to $1/(\eta_{i}(t) + 1)$, where $\eta_{i}(t)$ is the
+current number of its neighbours, starting by its neighbours nodes $j$
+whose have the larger deviations while respecting
+assumption~\ref{PingPong}.
+
+\begin{algorithm}[t]
+\begin{small}
+\caption{Temporally updating weights of node $i$.}
+\begin{algorithmic}[1]
+\label{WeightUpdate} 
+\FOR {$j \gets 1$ to $n$}
+\IF {$j \neq i$}
+\STATE $s_{ij} \gets 0$
+\STATE $\alpha_{ij} \gets 0$
+\ENDIF
+\ENDFOR
+\STATE $k \gets 0$
+\STATE $Sum \gets 0$
+\STATE find $\ell$ such that $\Delta_{i}^{\ell} = Delta_{i}[k]$
+\STATE $\alpha_{i\ell} = 1/(\eta_{i} + 1)$
+\STATE $s_{i\ell} = \alpha_{i\ell} \times \Delta_{i}^{\ell}$
+\REPEAT
+\STATE $Sum \gets Sum + s_{il}$
+\STATE $k \gets k+1$
+\STATE find $\ell$ such that $\Delta_{i}^{\ell} = Delta_{i}[k]$
+\STATE $\alpha_{i\ell} \gets 1/(\eta_{i} + 1)$
+\STATE $s_{i\ell} \gets \alpha_{i\ell} \times \Delta_{i}^{\ell}$
+\UNTIL{ $NOT$ ($(x_{i}- Sum \geq x_{\ell}^{i}+s_{i\ell})$ $AND$ $(k < n)$)}
+\end{algorithmic}
+\end{small}
+\end{algorithm}
+
+
+In order to cope with the problem of message loss, we adopted the
+following strategy: instead of sending $s_{ij}(t)$ from node $i$ to
+node $j$, it is the sum $\Sigma_{s_{ij}}(t) = \sum_{0\leq \tau\leq t}
+s_{ij}(\tau)$ that is sent. Symmetrically the receivers maintains the
+sum of the received data $\Sigma_{r_{ji}}(t) = \sum_{0\leq \tau\leq t}
+r_{ji}(\tau)$. Upon receiving, at a time $t$, a message from node $i$,
+a node $j$ can now recover all the data that was sent before time
+$d_i^j(t)$. It has only to calculate the difference between the
+received $\Sigma_{s_{ij}}(d_i^j(t))$ and the locally stored
+$\Sigma_{r_{ji}}(t)$.
+
+To conclude, the state messages exchanged during the execution of the
+algorithm are composed of two scalar values : the current state of the
+node, $x_i(t)$, and the sum of the sent data $\Sigma_{s_{ij}}(t)$.
+
+\subsection{Illustrative Example}
+To illustrate the behaviour of our proposed approach, les us consider
+the example presented in Figure~\ref{fig:example}. It consists in a
+network of four nodes. The initial measurement of each node $i$ is
+known by $z_{i}$ and the initial state $x_{i}(0) = z_{i}$.
+
+\begin{figure}[h]  
+\centering  
+        \includegraphics[scale=.55]{exampleFusion}  
+%\vspace{-1mm}  
+\caption{An example of a sensor network composed of four nodes with their initial measurements. }   
+\label{fig:example}  
+\end{figure}
+ 
+Following the second step of Algorithm~\ref{general}, each node computes the weights $\alpha_{ij}$ for its neighbours. This is done by using Algorithm~\ref{WeightUpdate}.
+
+Let us focus on the case of $node_{4}$ for instance. We notice that it
+has three neighbours and the high deviation $\Delta$ corresponds to
+$node_{3}$. Therefore, it computes $ \alpha_{43}(0) =
+\frac{1}{\eta_{4} + 1} = \frac{1}{4} $ first, such that $\eta_{4}$ is
+the number of its neighbours. Then, $s_{43}(0) = \frac{1}{4} (x_{4}(0)
+- x_{3}(0)) = 0.175$. For the two reminder neighbours $node_{1}$ and
+$node_{2}$, $node_{4}$ computes $\alpha_{42}(0)$ first for the reason
+that $\Delta_{4}^{2}$ is higher than $\Delta_{4}^{1}$. We note that
+for $node_{2}$ the Assumption~\ref{PingPong} (ping pong condition) is
+satisfied while it is not the case for $node_{1}$ which leads to $
+\alpha_{41}(0) = 0 $.
+
+All the nodes compute their weights and then diffuse their information
+to their neighbours to update their states following
+Equation~(\ref{x_(t+1)}). For the above example after the first step
+we obtain:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item[] $x_{1}(1) = 0.7$
+\item[] $x_{2}(1) = 0.5 + 0.1 - 0.1 = 0.5$
+\item[] $x_{3}(1) = 0.2 + 0.1 + 0.175 = 0.475$
+\item[] $x_{4}(1) = 0.9 - 0.1 - 0.175 = 0.625$
+\end{itemize}
+
+This process is repeated for several iterations until all the states
+of the nodes converge to the average of the initial measurements. We
+note that our scheme is robust to the topology changes and the loss of
+messages as discussed in details in the next section.
+
+%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+\section{Experimental Results}
+\label{Exp}
+In order to evaluate the performance of our approach, we have
+implemented a simulation package using the discrete event simulator
+OMNET++~\cite{8}. This package includes our asynchronous algorithm as
+well as a synchronous one. As confirmed in previous related
+works~\cite{2,20}, distributed approaches out perform centralised
+approaches, in particular in noisy networks. For this reason, we have
+not included in our comparison centralised approaches, and focuses
+instead on synchronous distributed approaches that are more closed to
+our work.
+
+
+We performed several runs of the algorithms (an average of 100
+runs). In each experimental run, the network graph is randomly
+generated, where the nodes are distributed over a $[0, 100] \times [0,
+  100]$ field. The node communication range was set to 30. The initial
+node measurements $z_{i}$ were also randomly generated. Each node is
+aware of its immediate neighbours through a "hello" message. Once the
+neighbourhood is identified, each node run the algorithm i.e., begins
+exchanging data until convergence.
+
+We studied the performance of our algorithm with regard to the following parameters:
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item Robustness in front of communication failures: we mainly varied
+  the probability of communication failure, noted $p$. This parameter
+  allows us to highlight the behaviour of our scheme in noisy
+  environment and in dynamic topologies.
+
+\item Scalability: we varied the number of sensor nodes deployed in the same area to see how our proposed approach scales?
+
+\end{itemize} 
+
+The main metrics we measured in this paper are: (a) the mean error
+between the current estimate $x_{i}$ and the average of the initial
+data, (b) the mean number of iterations necessary to reach convergence
+and (c) the overall time before reaching the global convergence. We
+note here that in asynchronous algorithms, there is no direct
+correlation between the number of iterations and the total time to
+convergence, contrary to synchronous approaches. In fact, as there are
+no delays between nodes, the number of iterations could be relatively
+high. This does not mean that the total time to convergence could be
+long too. For this reason, we have made the distinction between the
+number of iterations and the time taken to reach convergence. As we
+run a discrete event simulation package, this time is the one given by
+the discrete simulator OMNET++~\cite{8}; we named it {\it simulated
+  time}. For all the experiments, the global convergence state is said
+to be reached when $\varepsilon_{i} =| x_{i} - \sum_{i=1}^{n} y_{i} /
+n |$ becomes less than some fixed constant $\varepsilon$.
+
+Note that, in the figures next sections, the points represent the obtained results and the curves are an extrapolation of these points.
+
+
+
+
+\subsection{Basic Behaviour} 
+\label{BH}
+
+First, we show simulation results for the case where we have a fixed
+topology with a fixed number of nodes (50 nodes) and $\varepsilon =
+10^{-4}$. The mean error of the nodes $\varepsilon' = \sum_{i=1}^{n}
+\varepsilon_{i} / n$ was plotted in Figure~\ref{Error}. As expected,
+it can be seen that the convergence in the synchronous mode is faster
+than the convergence in the asynchronous one. It is also noticed that
+the two graphs have the same pace.
+
+However, in many scenarios an exact average is not required, and one
+may be willing to trade precision for simplicity. For instance,
+minimizing the number of iterations to reduce the energy consumption
+can be privileged in sensor networks applications where exact
+averaging is not essential.
+
+\begin{figure}[h]  
+\centering  
+        \includegraphics[scale=.55]{ErrorNbIteration.ps}  
+%\vspace{-1mm}  
+\caption{The Mean Error $\varepsilon$}   
+\label{Error}  
+\end{figure}
+
+
+\subsection{Dynamic topology}
+In a next step, we simulated the proposed sensor fusion scheme with
+dynamically changing communication graphs. We generated the sequence
+of communication graphs as follows: at each time step, each edge in
+the graph is only available with a selected probability $p$,
+independent of the other edges and all previous steps. To ensure the
+jointly connected condition of the generated graphs, we selected a
+period of time $\tau$ in which an edge cannot stay disconnected more
+than $\tau$ time.
+
+We fixed the number of sensor nodes to 50 and $\varepsilon =
+10^{-4}$. In preliminary results, the period $\tau$ was chosen in a
+way that is equal to three times the time of a communication. We show
+in figure~\ref{Dynamic} and figure~\ref{DynamicTime} the variation of
+the number of iterations and the time simulation with the probability
+of link failure $p$. We notice that the number of iterations and the
+overall time increase with the increase of the probability, but not in
+an exponential way.
+
+%\begin{figure*}[t]
+%\vspace{-5mm}
+ % \begin{minipage}[t]{.5\textwidth}
+\begin{figure}[h]
+    \centering
+    \includegraphics[scale=.55]{DynamicTopology.ps}
+    \caption{Number of Iterations}
+    \label{Dynamic}
+  %\end{minipage}%
+  %\hfill%
+%\vspace{-5mm}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[h]
+  %\begin{minipage}[t]{.5\textwidth}
+    \centering
+    \includegraphics[scale=.55]{DynamicTopologyTime.ps}
+    %\vspace{2.75mm}
+    \caption{Simulated Time} 
+    \label{DynamicTime}
+%  \end{minipage}%
+ % \hfill%
+\end{figure}
+
+Note that we also tried to run the synchronous algorithm with dynamic
+topology changes, but the execution times were so prohibitive, that we
+abandoned those experiments. These results confirm that synchronous
+algorithms are infeasible for real sensor networks.
+
+\subsection{Larger Sensor Network}
+
+Our scheme can be applied to sensor networks where a large number of
+sensor nodes are deployed, since it is fully distributed and there is
+no centralized control. In our simulations we varied the number of
+sensor nodes from 20 to 200 nodes, deployed in the region $[0, 100]
+\times [0, 100]$, we selected for all nodes $i$, $\varepsilon =
+10^{-4}$.
+
+However, as shown in the two Figures (Figure~\ref{Density} and
+Figure~\ref{DensityTime}), as the number of sensor nodes increases,
+the average of the iterations number as well as the time needed to
+reach global convergence decreases in the two cases synchronous and
+asynchronous. We notice that in the synchronous mode we obtained less
+number of iterations, on the other hand it takes more time to reach
+the global convergence than the asynchronous one.
+
+%\begin{figure*}[t]
+%\vspace{-5mm}
+  %\begin{minipage}[b]{.5\textwidth}
+\begin{figure}[h]
+    \centering
+    \includegraphics[scale=.55]{Density.ps}
+    \caption{Number of iterations}
+    \label{Density}
+  %\end{minipage}%
+  %\hfill%
+\end{figure}
+%\vspace{-5mm}
+ % \begin{minipage}[b]{.50\textwidth}
+\begin{figure}[h]
+    \centering
+    \includegraphics[scale=.55]{TimeDensity.ps}
+    %\vspace{2.75mm}
+    \caption{Simulated Time} 
+    \label{DensityTime}
+  %\end{minipage}%
+  %\hfill%
+\end{figure}
+
+
+ \section{Further Discussions and Comparison to Other Existing Works}
+\label{DISC}
+In this section, we give further consideration to our data fusion
+scheme from the viewpoints of robustness to the delays and loss of
+messages and energy efficiency in comparison to other existing works.
+
+Sensor nodes are small-scale devices. Such small devices are very
+limited in the amount of energy they can store or harvest from the
+environment. Thus, energy efficiency is a major concern in a sensor
+network. In addition, many thousands of sensors may have to be
+deployed for a given task.  An individual sensor's small effective
+range relative to a large area of interest makes this a requirement.
+
+Therefore, scalability is another critical factor in the network
+design. Sensor networks are subject to frequent partial failures such
+as exhausted batteries, nodes destroyed due to environmental factors,
+or communication failures due to obstacles in the environment. Message
+delays can be rather high in sensor networks due to their typically
+limited communication capacity which is shared by nodes within
+communication range of each other. The overall operation of the sensor
+network should be robust despite such partial failures.
+
+ In our scheme, we presented a scalable asynchronous method for
+ averaging data fusion in sensor networks. The simulations we
+ conducted show that, the higher the density of the deployed nodes,
+ the more the precise of the estimation would be. On the other hand,
+ our algorithm is totally asynchronous, where we consider delay
+ transmission and loss of messages in the proposed model. These
+ aspects which are highly important are not taken into account in
+ previous sensor fusion works~\cite{2,18}.
+
+ Another important practical issue in sensor network is the power
+ efficiency. Optimizing the energy consumption in sensor networks is
+ related to minimize the number of the network communications as the
+ radio is the main energy consumer in a sensor
+ node~\cite{12}. Considering the distributed iterative procedure for
+ calculating averages, the only way to minimize the energy consumption
+ is to reduce the number of iterations before attending the
+ convergence. To show how well our algorithm saves energy, we compared
+ our obtained results to those reported by another diffusive scheme
+ for average computation in sensor networks~\cite{2}. For instance, in
+ a static topology our algorithm converges after $69$ iterations with
+ a mean error of $10^{-4}$ while the best results in the second
+ approach reached $85$ iterations for the same mean error. For the
+ dynamic topology mode, we obtained $105$ iterations, mean error
+ $10^{-4}$ and probability of link failure $0.25$, while the number of
+ iterations is very high ($\approx 300$ iterations) in~\cite{2}. In
+ figure~\ref{} and figure~\ref{} we present a comparison between our
+ approach and the iterative solution presented
+ in~\cite{2}. For~\cite{2} we used the metropolis weights that gives
+ best convergence and number of iterations results.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+\section{Conclusion and Future Work}
+In this chapter, we introduced a distributed asynchronous average
+consensus in sensor networks. Our approach is based on data diffusion;
+the nodes cooperate and exchange their information only with their
+direct instantaneous neighbours. In contrast to existing works, our
+algorithm does not rely on synchronization nor on the knowledge of the
+global topology. We prove that under suitable assumptions, our
+algorithm achieves the global convergence in the sense that, after
+some iterations, each node has an estimation of the average consensus
+overall the whole network. To show the effectiveness of our algorithm,
+we conducted series of simulations and studied our algorithm under
+various metrics.
+
+In our scenario, we have focused on developing a reliable and robust
+algorithm from the view points of asynchronism and fault tolerance in
+a dynamically changing topology. We have taken into account two points
+which don't have been previously addressed by other authors, namely
+the delays between nodes and the loss of messages. Knowing that in
+real sensor networks the nodes are prone to failures. One of the near
+future goals is to allow nodes to be dynamically added and removed
+during the execution of the algorithm. We also plan to test our
+algorithm in a real-world sensor network.
+
+\bibliographystyle{unsrt}  
+\bibliography{references}
+
+\end{document}

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diff --git a/chapitre-2009/dynamic/DynamicTopologyTime.ps b/chapitre-2009/dynamic/DynamicTopologyTime.ps
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..e69de29

diff --git a/chapitre-2009/dynamic/MoyenXiao b/chapitre-2009/dynamic/MoyenXiao
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..fb2e2b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapitre-2009/dynamic/MoyenXiao
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+0 85
+0.1 90
+0.15 100
+0.2 115
+0.25 140
+0.3 155
+0.35 180
+0.4 200
+0.45 235
+0.5 260

diff --git a/chapitre-2009/dynamic/MoyennIterAsynch-50-Proba b/chapitre-2009/dynamic/MoyennIterAsynch-50-Proba
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..a2230c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapitre-2009/dynamic/MoyennIterAsynch-50-Proba
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+0 70 85
+0.1 81 90
+0.15 92 100
+0.2 101 115
+0.25 116 140
+0.3 129 155
+0.35 143 180
+0.4 153 200
+0.45 180 235
+0.5 233 260
+

diff --git a/chapitre-2009/dynamic/pl.plot b/chapitre-2009/dynamic/pl.plot
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..38c5aaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapitre-2009/dynamic/pl.plot
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+set terminal postscript eps
+set output "DynamicComparison.ps"
+set xlabel "Probability of link failure"; set ylabel "Number of iterations"
+set xrange[0:0.5]
+set yrange[60:200]
+set xtics 0.1
+set ytics 20
+#set size ratio 1
+#set size square 0.7,1
+#plot "SimulatedTimeAsynch-50-Proba" with lines smooth bezier title "Asynchron Ratio 2 density 50 runs 50"
+plot  "MoyennIterAsynch-50-Proba" smooth bezier title "Our approach", "MoyenXiao" smooth bezier title "Metropolis Approach"

diff --git a/chapitre-2009/editor/edinst.pdf b/chapitre-2009/editor/edinst.pdf
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..964011b
Binary files /dev/null and b/chapitre-2009/editor/edinst.pdf differ

diff --git a/chapitre-2009/editor/edsamp.pdf b/chapitre-2009/editor/edsamp.pdf
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..d4f2fe9
Binary files /dev/null and b/chapitre-2009/editor/edsamp.pdf differ

diff --git a/chapitre-2009/editor/templates/acknow.tex b/chapitre-2009/editor/templates/acknow.tex
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..5b6afc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapitre-2009/editor/templates/acknow.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%acknow.tex%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% sample acknowledgement chapter
+%
+% Use this file as a template for your own input.
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Springer %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\extrachap{Acknowledgements}
+
+Use the template \emph{acknow.tex} together with the Springer document class SVMono (monograph-type books) or SVMult (edited books) if you prefer to set your acknowledgement section as a separate chapter instead of including it as last part of your preface.
+

diff --git a/chapitre-2009/editor/templates/acronym.tex b/chapitre-2009/editor/templates/acronym.tex
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..42157ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapitre-2009/editor/templates/acronym.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%acronym.tex%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% sample list of acronyms
+%
+% Use this file as a template for your own input.
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Springer %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\extrachap{Acronyms}
+
+Use the template \emph{acronym.tex} together with the Springer document class SVMono (monograph-type books) or SVMult (edited books) to style your list(s) of abbreviations or symbols in the Springer layout.
+
+Lists of abbreviations\index{acronyms, list of}, symbols\index{symbols, list of} and the like are easily formatted with the help of the Springer-enhanced \verb|description| environment.
+
+\begin{description}[CABR]
+\item[ABC]{Spelled-out abbreviation and definition}
+\item[BABI]{Spelled-out abbreviation and definition}
+\item[CABR]{Spelled-out abbreviation and definition}
+\end{description}
\ No newline at end of file

diff --git a/chapitre-2009/editor/templates/appendix.tex b/chapitre-2009/editor/templates/appendix.tex
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..b653bcc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapitre-2009/editor/templates/appendix.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% appendix.tex %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%
+% sample appendix
+%
+% Use this file as a template for your own input.
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Springer-Verlag %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\chapter{Chapter Heading}
+\label{introA} % Always give a unique label
+% use \chaptermark{}
+% to alter or adjust the chapter heading in the running head
+
+Use the template \emph{appendix.tex} together with the Springer document class SVMono (monograph-type books) or SVMult (edited books) to style appendix of your book in the Springer layout.
+
+
+\section{Section Heading}
+\label{sec:A1}
+% Always give a unique label
+% and use \ref{<label>} for cross-references
+% and \cite{<label>} for bibliographic references
+% use \sectionmark{}
+% to alter or adjust the section heading in the running head
+Instead of simply listing headings of different levels we recommend to let every heading be followed by at least a short passage of text. Further on please use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-references and citations.
+
+
+\subsection{Subsection Heading}
+\label{sec:A2}
+Instead of simply listing headings of different levels we recommend to let every heading be followed by at least a short passage of text. Further on please use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-references and citations as has already been described in Sect.~\ref{sec:A1}.
+
+For multiline equations we recommend to use the \verb|eqnarray| environment.
+\begin{eqnarray}
+\vec{a}\times\vec{b}=\vec{c} \nonumber\\
+\vec{a}\times\vec{b}=\vec{c}
+\label{eq:A01}
+\end{eqnarray}
+
+\subsubsection{Subsubsection Heading}
+Instead of simply listing headings of different levels we recommend to let every heading be followed by at least a short passage of text. Further on please use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-references and citations as has already been described in Sect.~\ref{sec:A2}.
+
+Please note that the first line of text that follows a heading is not indented, whereas the first lines of all subsequent paragraphs are.
+
+% For figures use
+%
+\begin{figure}[t]
+\sidecaption[t]
+% Use the relevant command for your figure-insertion program
+% to insert the figure file.
+% For example, with the graphicx style use
+\includegraphics[scale=.65]{figure}
+%
+% If no graphics program available, insert a blank space i.e. use
+%\picplace{5cm}{2cm} % Give the correct figure height and width in cm
+%
+\caption{Please write your figure caption here}
+\label{fig:A1}       % Give a unique label
+\end{figure}
+
+% For tables use
+%
+\begin{table}
+\caption{Please write your table caption here}
+\label{tab:A1}       % Give a unique label
+%
+% Follow this input for your own table layout
+%
+\begin{tabular}{p{2cm}p{2.4cm}p{2cm}p{4.9cm}}
+\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+Classes & Subclass & Length & Action Mechanism  \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+Translation & mRNA$^a$  & 22 (19--25) & Translation repression, mRNA cleavage\\
+Translation & mRNA cleavage & 21 & mRNA cleavage\\
+Translation & mRNA  & 21--22 & mRNA cleavage\\
+Translation & mRNA  & 24--26 & Histone and DNA Modification\\
+\noalign{\smallskip}\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+\end{tabular}
+$^a$ Table foot note (with superscript)
+\end{table}
+%

diff --git a/chapitre-2009/editor/templates/author.tex b/chapitre-2009/editor/templates/author.tex
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..155aa4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapitre-2009/editor/templates/author.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% author.tex %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%
+% sample root file for your "contribution" to a contributed volume
+%
+% Use this file as a template for your own input.
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Springer %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+%% RECOMMENDED %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%\documentclass[graybox]{svmult}
+%
+%% choose options for [] as required from the list
+%% in the Reference Guide
+%
+%\usepackage{mathptmx}       % selects Times Roman as basic font
+%\usepackage{helvet}         % selects Helvetica as sans-serif font
+%\usepackage{courier}        % selects Courier as typewriter font
+%\usepackage{type1cm}        % activate if the above 3 fonts are
+                             % not available on your system
+%
+%\usepackage{makeidx}         % allows index generation
+%\usepackage{graphicx}        % standard LaTeX graphics tool
+%                             % when including figure files
+%\usepackage{multicol}        % used for the two-column index
+%\usepackage[bottom]{footmisc}% places footnotes at page bottom
+%
+%% see the list of further useful packages
+%% in the Reference Guide
+%
+%\makeindex             % used for the subject index
+%                       % please use the style svind.ist with
+%                       % your makeindex program
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%
+%\begin{document}
+
+\title{Contribution Title}
+% Use \titlerunning{Short Title} for an abbreviated version of
+% your contribution title if the original one is too long
+\author{Name of First Author and Name of Second Author}
+% Use \authorrunning{Short Title} for an abbreviated version of
+% your contribution title if the original one is too long
+\institute{Name of First Author \at Name, Address of Institute, \email{name@email.address}
+\and Name of Second Author \at Name, Address of Institute \email{name@email.address}}
+%
+% Use the package "url.sty" to avoid
+% problems with special characters
+% used in your e-mail or web address
+%
+\maketitle
+
+\abstract*{Each chapter should be preceded by an abstract (10--15 lines long) that summarizes the content. The abstract will appear \textit{online} at \url{www.SpringerLink.com} and be available with unrestricted access. This allows unregistered users to read the abstract as a teaser for the complete chapter. As a general rule the abstracts will not appear in the printed version of your book unless it is the style of your particular book or that of the series to which your book belongs.
+Please use the 'starred' version of the new Springer \texttt{abstract} command for typesetting the text of the online abstracts (cf. source file of this chapter template \texttt{abstract}) and include them with the source files of your manuscript. Use the plain \texttt{abstract} command if the abstract is also to appear in the printed version of the book.}
+
+\abstract{Each chapter should be preceded by an abstract (10--15 lines long) that summarizes the content. The abstract will appear \textit{online} at \url{www.SpringerLink.com} and be available with unrestricted access. This allows unregistered users to read the abstract as a teaser for the complete chapter. As a general rule the abstracts will not appear in the printed version of your book unless it is the style of your particular book or that of the series to which your book belongs.\newline\indent
+Please use the 'starred' version of the new Springer \texttt{abstract} command for typesetting the text of the online abstracts (cf. source file of this chapter template \texttt{abstract}) and include them with the source files of your manuscript. Use the plain \texttt{abstract} command if the abstract is also to appear in the printed version of the book.}
+
+\section{Section Heading}
+\label{sec:1}
+Use the template \emph{chapter.tex} together with the Springer document class SVMono (monograph-type books) or SVMult (edited books) to style the various elements of your chapter content in the Springer layout.
+
+Instead of simply listing headings of different levels we recommend to let every heading be followed by at least a short passage of text. Further on please use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-references and citations. And please note that the first line of text that follows a heading is not indented, whereas the first lines of all subsequent paragraphs are.
+
+\section{Section Heading}
+\label{sec:2}
+% Always give a unique label
+% and use \ref{<label>} for cross-references
+% and \cite{<label>} for bibliographic references
+% use \sectionmark{}
+% to alter or adjust the section heading in the running head
+Instead of simply listing headings of different levels we recommend to let every heading be followed by at least a short passage of text. Further on please use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-references and citations.
+
+Please note that the first line of text that follows a heading is not indented, whereas the first lines of all subsequent paragraphs are.
+
+Use the standard \verb|equation| environment to typeset your equations, e.g.
+%
+\begin{equation}
+a \times b = c\;,
+\end{equation}
+%
+however, for multiline equations we recommend to use the \verb|eqnarray|
+environment\footnote{In physics texts please activate the class option
+\texttt{vecphys} to depict your vectors in \textbf{\itshape
+boldface-italic} type - as is customary for a wide range of physical
+subjects}.
+\begin{eqnarray}
+a \times b = c \nonumber\\
+\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b}=\vec{c}
+\label{eq:01}
+\end{eqnarray}
+
+\subsection{Subsection Heading}
+\label{subsec:2}
+Instead of simply listing headings of different levels we recommend to let every heading be followed by at least a short passage of text. Further on please use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-references\index{cross-references} and citations\index{citations} as has already been described in Sect.~\ref{sec:2}.
+
+\begin{quotation}
+Please do not use quotation marks when quoting texts! Simply use the \verb|quotation| environment -- it will automatically render Springer's preferred layout.
+\end{quotation}
+
+
+\subsubsection{Subsubsection Heading}
+Instead of simply listing headings of different levels we recommend to let every heading be followed by at least a short passage of text. Further on please use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-references and citations as has already been described in Sect.~\ref{subsec:2}, see also Fig.~\ref{fig:1}\footnote{If you copy text passages, figures, or tables from other works, you must obtain \textit{permission} from the copyright holder (usually the original publisher). Please enclose the signed permission with the manucript. The sources\index{permission to print} must be acknowledged either in the captions, as footnotes or in a separate section of the book.}
+
+Please note that the first line of text that follows a heading is not indented, whereas the first lines of all subsequent paragraphs are.
+
+% For figures use
+%
+\begin{figure}[b]
+\sidecaption
+% Use the relevant command for your figure-insertion program
+% to insert the figure file.
+% For example, with the graphicx style use
+\includegraphics[scale=.65]{figure}
+%
+% If no graphics program available, insert a blank space i.e. use
+%\picplace{5cm}{2cm} % Give the correct figure height and width in cm
+%
+\caption{If the width of the figure is less than 7.8 cm use the \texttt{sidecapion} command to flush the caption on the left side of the page. If the figure is positioned at the top of the page, align the sidecaption with the top of the figure -- to achieve this you simply need to use the optional argument \texttt{[t]} with the \texttt{sidecaption} command}
+\label{fig:1}       % Give a unique label
+\end{figure}
+
+
+\paragraph{Paragraph Heading} %
+Instead of simply listing headings of different levels we recommend to let every heading be followed by at least a short passage of text. Further on please use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-references and citations as has already been described in Sect.~\ref{sec:2}.
+
+Please note that the first line of text that follows a heading is not indented, whereas the first lines of all subsequent paragraphs are.
+
+For typesetting numbered lists we recommend to use the \verb|enumerate| environment -- it will automatically render Springer's preferred layout.
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item{Livelihood and survival mobility are oftentimes coutcomes of uneven socioeconomic development.}
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item{Livelihood and survival mobility are oftentimes coutcomes of uneven socioeconomic development.}
+\item{Livelihood and survival mobility are oftentimes coutcomes of uneven socioeconomic development.}
+\end{enumerate}
+\item{Livelihood and survival mobility are oftentimes coutcomes of uneven socioeconomic development.}
+\end{enumerate}
+
+
+\subparagraph{Subparagraph Heading} In order to avoid simply listing headings of different levels we recommend to let every heading be followed by at least a short passage of text. Use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-references and citations as has already been described in Sect.~\ref{sec:2}, see also Fig.~\ref{fig:2}.
+
+For unnumbered list we recommend to use the \verb|itemize| environment -- it will automatically render Springer's preferred layout.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item{Livelihood and survival mobility are oftentimes coutcomes of uneven socioeconomic development, cf. Table~\ref{tab:1}.}
+\begin{itemize}
+\item{Livelihood and survival mobility are oftentimes coutcomes of uneven socioeconomic development.}
+\item{Livelihood and survival mobility are oftentimes coutcomes of uneven socioeconomic development.}
+\end{itemize}
+\item{Livelihood and survival mobility are oftentimes coutcomes of uneven socioeconomic development.}
+\end{itemize}
+
+\begin{figure}[t]
+\sidecaption[t]
+% Use the relevant command for your figure-insertion program
+% to insert the figure file.
+% For example, with the option graphics use
+\includegraphics[scale=.65]{figure}
+%
+% If no graphics program available, insert a blank space i.e. use
+%\picplace{5cm}{2cm} % Give the correct figure height and width in cm
+%
+%\caption{Please write your figure caption here}
+\caption{If the width of the figure is less than 7.8 cm use the \texttt{sidecapion} command to flush the caption on the left side of the page. If the figure is positioned at the top of the page, align the sidecaption with the top of the figure -- to achieve this you simply need to use the optional argument \texttt{[t]} with the \texttt{sidecaption} command}
+\label{fig:2}       % Give a unique label
+\end{figure}
+
+\runinhead{Run-in Heading Boldface Version} Use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-references and citations as has already been described in Sect.~\ref{sec:2}.
+
+\subruninhead{Run-in Heading Italic Version} Use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-refer\-ences and citations as has already been described in Sect.~\ref{sec:2}\index{paragraph}.
+% Use the \index{} command to code your index words
+%
+% For tables use
+%
+\begin{table}
+\caption{Please write your table caption here}
+\label{tab:1}       % Give a unique label
+%
+% Follow this input for your own table layout
+%
+\begin{tabular}{p{2cm}p{2.4cm}p{2cm}p{4.9cm}}
+\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+Classes & Subclass & Length & Action Mechanism  \\
+\noalign{\smallskip}\svhline\noalign{\smallskip}
+Translation & mRNA$^a$  & 22 (19--25) & Translation repression, mRNA cleavage\\
+Translation & mRNA cleavage & 21 & mRNA cleavage\\
+Translation & mRNA  & 21--22 & mRNA cleavage\\
+Translation & mRNA  & 24--26 & Histone and DNA Modification\\
+\noalign{\smallskip}\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
+\end{tabular}
+$^a$ Table foot note (with superscript)
+\end{table}
+%
+\section{Section Heading}
+\label{sec:3}
+% Always give a unique label
+% and use \ref{<label>} for cross-references
+% and \cite{<label>} for bibliographic references
+% use \sectionmark{}
+% to alter or adjust the section heading in the running head
+Instead of simply listing headings of different levels we recommend to let every heading be followed by at least a short passage of text. Further on please use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-references and citations as has already been described in Sect.~\ref{sec:2}.
+
+Please note that the first line of text that follows a heading is not indented, whereas the first lines of all subsequent paragraphs are.
+
+If you want to list definitions or the like we recommend to use the Springer-enhanced \verb|description| environment -- it will automatically render Springer's preferred layout.
+
+\begin{description}[Type 1]
+\item[Type 1]{That addresses central themes pertainng to migration, health, and disease. In Sect.~\ref{sec:1}, Wilson discusses the role of human migration in infectious disease distributions and patterns.}
+\item[Type 2]{That addresses central themes pertainng to migration, health, and disease. In Sect.~\ref{subsec:2}, Wilson discusses the role of human migration in infectious disease distributions and patterns.}
+\end{description}
+
+\subsection{Subsection Heading} %
+In order to avoid simply listing headings of different levels we recommend to let every heading be followed by at least a short passage of text. Use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-references and citations citations as has already been described in Sect.~\ref{sec:2}.
+
+Please note that the first line of text that follows a heading is not indented, whereas the first lines of all subsequent paragraphs are.
+
+\begin{svgraybox}
+If you want to emphasize complete paragraphs of texts we recommend to use the newly defined Springer class option \verb|graybox| and the newly defined environment \verb|svgraybox|. This will produce a 15 percent screened box 'behind' your text.
+
+If you want to emphasize complete paragraphs of texts we recommend to use the newly defined Springer class option and environment \verb|svgraybox|. This will produce a 15 percent screened box 'behind' your text.
+\end{svgraybox}
+
+
+\subsubsection{Subsubsection Heading}
+Instead of simply listing headings of different levels we recommend to let every heading be followed by at least a short passage of text. Further on please use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-references and citations as has already been described in Sect.~\ref{sec:2}.
+
+Please note that the first line of text that follows a heading is not indented, whereas the first lines of all subsequent paragraphs are.
+
+\begin{theorem}
+Theorem text goes here.
+\end{theorem}
+%
+% or
+%
+\begin{definition}
+Definition text goes here.
+\end{definition}
+
+\begin{proof}
+%\smartqed
+Proof text goes here.
+\qed
+\end{proof}
+
+\paragraph{Paragraph Heading} %
+Instead of simply listing headings of different levels we recommend to let every heading be followed by at least a short passage of text. Further on please use the \LaTeX\ automatism for all your cross-references and citations as has already been described in Sect.~\ref{sec:2}.
+
+Note that the first line of text that follows a heading is not indented, whereas the first lines of all subsequent paragraphs are.
+%
+% For built-in environments use
+%
+\begin{theorem}
+Theorem text goes here.
+\end{theorem}
+%
+\begin{definition}
+Definition text goes here.
+\end{definition}
+%
+\begin{proof}
+\smartqed
+Proof text goes here.
+\qed
+\end{proof}
+%
+\begin{acknowledgement}
+If you want to include acknowledgments of assistance and the like at the end of an individual chapter please use the \verb|acknowledgement| environment -- it will automatically render Springer's preferred layout.
+\end{acknowledgement}
+%
+\section*{Appendix}
+\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Appendix}
+%
+%
+When placed at the end of a chapter or contribution (as opposed to at the end of the book), the numbering of tables, figures, and equations in the appendix section continues on from that in the main text. Hence please \textit{do not} use the \verb|appendix| command when writing an appendix at the end of your chapter or contribution. If there is only one the appendix is designated ``Appendix'', or ``Appendix 1'', or ``Appendix 2'', etc. if there is more than one.
+
+\begin{equation}
+a \times b = c
+\end{equation}
+
+\input{referenc}
+%\end{document}

diff --git a/chapitre-2009/editor/templates/cblist.tex b/chapitre-2009/editor/templates/cblist.tex
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..66caaa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapitre-2009/editor/templates/cblist.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%clist.tex %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%                                                    
+% sample list of contributors and their addresses    
+%                                                    
+% Use this file as a template for your own input.    
+%                                                    
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Springer %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\contributors
+
+\begin{thecontriblist}
+Firstname Surname
+\at ABC Institute, 123 Prime Street, Daisy Town, NA 01234, USA, \email{smith@smith.edu}
+\and
+Firstname Surname
+\at XYZ Institute, Technical University, Albert-Schweitzer-Str. 34, 1000 Berlin, Germany, \email{meier@tu.edu}
+\end{thecontriblist}
\ No newline at end of file

diff --git a/chapitre-2009/editor/templates/dedic.tex b/chapitre-2009/editor/templates/dedic.tex
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..8f63b51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapitre-2009/editor/templates/dedic.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% dedic.tex %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%
+% sample dedication
+%
+% Use this file as a template for your own input.
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Springer %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\begin{dedication}
+Use the template \emph{dedic.tex} together with the Springer document class SVMono for monograph-type books or SVMult for contributed volumes to style a quotation or a dedication\index{dedication} at the very beginning of your book in the Springer layout
+\end{dedication}
+
+
+

diff --git a/chapitre-2009/editor/templates/editor.tex b/chapitre-2009/editor/templates/editor.tex
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..6a09a34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapitre-2009/editor/templates/editor.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% editor.tex %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%
+% sample root file for the contributions of a "contributed volume"
+%
+% Use this file as a template for your own input.
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Springer %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+% RECOMMENDED %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\documentclass[graybox, envcountchap]{svmult}
+
+% choose options for [] as required from the list
+% in the Reference Guide
+
+\usepackage{mathptmx}        % selects Times Roman as basic font
+\usepackage{helvet}          % selects Helvetica as sans-serif font
+\usepackage{courier}         % selects Courier as typewriter font
+%\usepackage{type1cm}        % activate if the above 3 fonts are 
+                             % not available on your system
+
+\usepackage{makeidx}         % allows index generation
+\usepackage{graphicx}        % standard LaTeX graphics tool
+                             % when including figure files
+\usepackage{multicol}        % used for the two-column index
+\usepackage[bottom]{footmisc}% places footnotes at page bottom
+
+% see the list of further useful packages in the Reference Guide
+
+\makeindex             % used for the subject index
+                       % please use the style svind.ist with
+                       % your makeindex program
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\frontmatter%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\include{dedic}
+\include{foreword}
+\include{preface}
+\include{acknow}
+
+\tableofcontents
+\include{cblist}
+\include{acronym}
+
+
+\mainmatter%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\include{part}
+\include{author}
+%
+
+\backmatter%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\appendix
+\include{appendix}
+\include{glossary}
+\printindex
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\end{document}
+

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new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..036f9e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapitre-2009/editor/templates/figure.eps
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diff --git a/chapitre-2009/editor/templates/foreword.tex b/chapitre-2009/editor/templates/foreword.tex
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..4e3099e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapitre-2009/editor/templates/foreword.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%foreword.tex%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% sample foreword
+%
+% Use this file as a template for your own input.
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Springer %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\foreword
+
+Use the template \textit{foreword.tex} together with the Springer document class SVMono (monograph-type books) or SVMult (edited books) to style your foreword\index{foreword} in the Springer layout. 
+
+The foreword covers introductory remarks preceding the text of a book that are written by a \textit{person other than the author or editor} of the book. If applicable, the foreword precedes the preface which is written by the author or editor of the book.
+
+
+\vspace{\baselineskip}
+\begin{flushright}\noindent
+Place, month year\hfill {\it Firstname  Surname}\\
+\end{flushright}
+
+

diff --git a/chapitre-2009/editor/templates/glossary.tex b/chapitre-2009/editor/templates/glossary.tex
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..f01a951
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapitre-2009/editor/templates/glossary.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%acronym.tex%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% sample list of acronyms
+%
+% Use this file as a template for your own input.
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Springer %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\Extrachap{Glossary}
+
+
+Use the template \emph{glossary.tex} together with the Springer document class SVMono (monograph-type books) or SVMult (edited books) to style your glossary\index{glossary} in the Springer layout.
+
+
+\runinhead{glossary term} Write here the description of the glossary term. Write here the description of the glossary term. Write here the description of the glossary term.
+
+\runinhead{glossary term} Write here the description of the glossary term. Write here the description of the glossary term. Write here the description of the glossary term.
+
+\runinhead{glossary term} Write here the description of the glossary term. Write here the description of the glossary term. Write here the description of the glossary term.
+
+\runinhead{glossary term} Write here the description of the glossary term. Write here the description of the glossary term. Write here the description of the glossary term.
+
+\runinhead{glossary term} Write here the description of the glossary term. Write here the description of the glossary term. Write here the description of the glossary term.
\ No newline at end of file

diff --git a/chapitre-2009/editor/templates/part.tex b/chapitre-2009/editor/templates/part.tex
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..3deaa9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapitre-2009/editor/templates/part.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%part.tex%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% 
+% sample part title
+%
+% Use this file as a template for your own input.
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Springer %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\begin{partbacktext}
+\part{Part Title}
+\noindent Use the template \emph{part.tex} together with the Springer document class SVMono (monograph-type books) or SVMult (edited books) to style your part title page and, if desired, a short introductory text (maximum one page) on its verso page in the Springer layout.
+
+\end{partbacktext}
\ No newline at end of file

diff --git a/chapitre-2009/editor/templates/preface.tex b/chapitre-2009/editor/templates/preface.tex
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..e0a4ef0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapitre-2009/editor/templates/preface.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%preface.tex%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% sample preface
+%
+% Use this file as a template for your own input.
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Springer %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\preface
+
+Use the template \emph{preface.tex} together with the Springer document class SVMono (monograph-type books) or SVMult (edited books) to style your preface in the Springer layout.
+
+A preface\index{preface} is a book's preliminary statement, usually written by the \textit{author or editor} of a work, which states its origin, scope, purpose, plan, and intended audience, and which sometimes includes afterthoughts and acknowledgments of assistance. 
+
+When written by a person other than the author, it is called a foreword. The preface or foreword is distinct from the introduction, which deals with the subject of the work.
+
+Customarily \textit{acknowledgments} are included as last part of the preface.
+ 
+
+\vspace{\baselineskip}
+\begin{flushright}\noindent
+Place(s),\hfill {\it Firstname  Surname}\\
+month year\hfill {\it Firstname  Surname}\\
+\end{flushright}
+
+

diff --git a/chapitre-2009/editor/templates/referenc.tex b/chapitre-2009/editor/templates/referenc.tex
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..4f3f987
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapitre-2009/editor/templates/referenc.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% referenc.tex %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% sample references
+% 
+% Use this file as a template for your own input.
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Springer%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%
+% BibTeX users please use
+% \bibliographystyle{}
+% \bibliography{}
+%
+\biblstarthook{References may be \textit{cited} in the text either by number (preferred) or by author/year.\footnote{Make sure that all references from the list are cited in the text. Those not cited should be moved to a separate \textit{Further Reading} section or chapter.} The reference list should ideally be \textit{sorted} in alphabetical order -- even if reference numbers are used for the their citation in the text. If there are several works by the same author, the following order should be used: 
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item all works by the author alone, ordered chronologically by year of publication
+\item all works by the author with a coauthor, ordered alphabetically by coauthor
+\item all works by the author with several coauthors, ordered chronologically by year of publication.
+\end{enumerate}
+The \textit{styling} of references\footnote{Always use the standard abbreviation of a journal's name according to the ISSN \textit{List of Title Word Abbreviations}, see \url{http://www.issn.org/en/node/344}} depends on the subject of your book:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item The \textit{two} recommended styles for references in books on \textit{mathematical, physical, statistical and computer sciences} are depicted in ~\cite{science-contrib, science-online, science-mono, science-journal, science-DOI} and ~\cite{phys-online, phys-mono, phys-journal, phys-DOI, phys-contrib}.
+\item Examples of the most commonly used reference style in books on \textit{Psychology, Social Sciences} are~\cite{psysoc-mono, psysoc-online,psysoc-journal, psysoc-contrib, psysoc-DOI}.
+\item Examples for references in books on \textit{Humanities, Linguistics, Philosophy} are~\cite{humlinphil-journal, humlinphil-contrib, humlinphil-mono, humlinphil-online, humlinphil-DOI}.
+\item Examples of the basic Springer style used in publications on a wide range of subjects such as \textit{Computer Science, Economics, Engineering, Geosciences, Life Sciences, Medicine, Biomedicine} are ~\cite{basic-contrib, basic-online, basic-journal, basic-DOI, basic-mono}. 
+\end{itemize}
+}
+
+\begin{thebibliography}{99.}%
+% and use \bibitem to create references.
+%
+% Use the following syntax and markup for your references if 
+% the subject of your book is from the field 
+% "Mathematics, Physics, Statistics, Computer Science"
+%
+% Contribution 
+\bibitem{science-contrib} Broy, M.: Software engineering --- from auxiliary to key technologies. In: Broy, M., Dener, E. (eds.) Software Pioneers, pp. 10-13. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
+%
+% Online Document
+\bibitem{science-online} Dod, J.: Effective substances. In: The Dictionary of Substances and Their Effects. Royal Society of Chemistry (1999) Available via DIALOG. \\
+\url{http://www.rsc.org/dose/title of subordinate document. Cited 15 Jan 1999}
+%
+% Monograph
+\bibitem{science-mono} Geddes, K.O., Czapor, S.R., Labahn, G.: Algorithms for Computer Algebra. Kluwer, Boston (1992) 
+%
+% Journal article
+\bibitem{science-journal} Hamburger, C.: Quasimonotonicity, regularity and duality for nonlinear systems of partial differential equations. Ann. Mat. Pura. Appl. \textbf{169}, 321--354 (1995)
+%
+% Journal article by DOI
+\bibitem{science-DOI} Slifka, M.K., Whitton, J.L.: Clinical implications of dysregulated cytokine production. J. Mol. Med. (2000) doi: 10.1007/s001090000086 
+%
+\bigskip
+
+% Use the following (APS) syntax and markup for your references if 
+% the subject of your book is from the field 
+% "Mathematics, Physics, Statistics, Computer Science"
+%
+% Online Document
+\bibitem{phys-online} J. Dod, in \textit{The Dictionary of Substances and Their Effects}, Royal Society of Chemistry. (Available via DIALOG, 1999), 
+\url{http://www.rsc.org/dose/title of subordinate document. Cited 15 Jan 1999}
+%
+% Monograph
+\bibitem{phys-mono} H. Ibach, H. L\"uth, \textit{Solid-State Physics}, 2nd edn. (Springer, New York, 1996), pp. 45-56 
+%
+% Journal article
+\bibitem{phys-journal} S. Preuss, A. Demchuk Jr., M. Stuke, Appl. Phys. A \textbf{61}
+%
+% Journal article by DOI
+\bibitem{phys-DOI} M.K. Slifka, J.L. Whitton, J. Mol. Med., doi: 10.1007/s001090000086
+%
+% Contribution 
+\bibitem{phys-contrib} S.E. Smith, in \textit{Neuromuscular Junction}, ed. by E. Zaimis. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 42 (Springer, Heidelberg, 1976), p. 593
+%
+\bigskip
+%
+% Use the following syntax and markup for your references if 
+% the subject of your book is from the field 
+% "Psychology, Social Sciences"
+%
+%
+% Monograph
+\bibitem{psysoc-mono} Calfee, R.~C., \& Valencia, R.~R. (1991). \textit{APA guide to preparing manuscripts for journal publication.} Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
+%
+% Online Document
+\bibitem{psysoc-online} Dod, J. (1999). Effective substances. In: The dictionary of substances and their effects. Royal Society of Chemistry. Available via DIALOG. \\
+\url{http://www.rsc.org/dose/Effective substances.} Cited 15 Jan 1999.
+%
+% Journal article
+\bibitem{psysoc-journal} Harris, M., Karper, E., Stacks, G., Hoffman, D., DeNiro, R., Cruz, P., et al. (2001). Writing labs and the Hollywood connection. \textit{J Film} Writing, 44(3), 213--245.
+%
+% Contribution 
+\bibitem{psysoc-contrib} O'Neil, J.~M., \& Egan, J. (1992). Men's and women's gender role journeys: Metaphor for healing, transition, and transformation. In B.~R. Wainrig (Ed.), \textit{Gender issues across the life cycle} (pp. 107--123). New York: Springer.
+%
+% Journal article by DOI
+\bibitem{psysoc-DOI}Kreger, M., Brindis, C.D., Manuel, D.M., Sassoubre, L. (2007). Lessons learned in systems change initiatives: benchmarks and indicators. \textit{American Journal of Community Psychology}, doi: 10.1007/s10464-007-9108-14.
+%
+%
+% Use the following syntax and markup for your references if 
+% the subject of your book is from the field 
+% "Humanities, Linguistics, Philosophy"
+%
+\bigskip
+%
+% Journal article
+\bibitem{humlinphil-journal} Alber John, Daniel C. O'Connell, and Sabine Kowal. 2002. Personal perspective in TV interviews. \textit{Pragmatics} 12:257--271
+%
+% Contribution 
+\bibitem{humlinphil-contrib} Cameron, Deborah. 1997. Theoretical debates in feminist linguistics: Questions of sex and gender. In \textit{Gender and discourse}, ed. Ruth Wodak, 99--119. London: Sage Publications.
+%
+% Monograph
+\bibitem{humlinphil-mono} Cameron, Deborah. 1985. \textit{Feminism and linguistic theory.} New York: St. Martin's Press.
+%
+% Online Document
+\bibitem{humlinphil-online} Dod, Jake. 1999. Effective substances. In: The dictionary of substances and their effects. Royal Society of Chemistry. Available via DIALOG. \\
+http://www.rsc.org/dose/title of subordinate document. Cited 15 Jan 1999
+%
+% Journal article by DOI
+\bibitem{humlinphil-DOI} Suleiman, Camelia, Daniel C. O\92Connell, and Sabine Kowal. 2002. `If you and I, if we, in this later day, lose that sacred fire...´': Perspective in political interviews. \textit{Journal of Psycholinguistic Research}. doi: 10.1023/A:1015592129296.
+%
+%
+%
+\bigskip
+%
+%
+% Use the following syntax and markup for your references if 
+% the subject of your book is from the field 
+% "Computer Science, Economics, Engineering, Geosciences, Life Sciences"
+%
+%
+% Contribution 
+\bibitem{basic-contrib} Brown B, Aaron M (2001) The politics of nature. In: Smith J (ed) The rise of modern genomics, 3rd edn. Wiley, New York 
+%
+% Online Document
+\bibitem{basic-online} Dod J (1999) Effective Substances. In: The dictionary of substances and their effects. Royal Society of Chemistry. Available via DIALOG. \\
+\url{http://www.rsc.org/dose/title of subordinate document. Cited 15 Jan 1999}
+%
+% Journal article by DOI
+\bibitem{basic-DOI} Slifka MK, Whitton JL (2000) Clinical implications of dysregulated cytokine production. J Mol Med, doi: 10.1007/s001090000086
+%
+% Journal article
+\bibitem{basic-journal} Smith J, Jones M Jr, Houghton L et al (1999) Future of health insurance. N Engl J Med 965:325--329
+%
+% Monograph
+\bibitem{basic-mono} South J, Blass B (2001) The future of modern genomics. Blackwell, London 
+%
+\end{thebibliography}

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diff --git a/chapitre-2009/fixe/MoyenXIAO b/chapitre-2009/fixe/MoyenXIAO
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..4ef0e9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapitre-2009/fixe/MoyenXIAO
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+1 1
+25 0.1
+40 0.01
+60 0.001
+82 0.0001
+102 0.00001
+129 0.000001

diff --git a/chapitre-2009/fixe/MoyennIterAsynch-50-Err b/chapitre-2009/fixe/MoyennIterAsynch-50-Err
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..1001e9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapitre-2009/fixe/MoyennIterAsynch-50-Err
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+1 1
+20 0.1
+37 0.01
+57 0.001
+72 0.0001
+95 0.00001
+119 0.000001

diff --git a/chapitre-2009/fixe/pl.plot b/chapitre-2009/fixe/pl.plot
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..b490230
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapitre-2009/fixe/pl.plot
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+set terminal postscript eps 20
+set output "ErrorNbIterationCompar.ps"
+set logscale y
+set xlabel "Iteration Number"; set ylabel "Mean Error"
+set xrange[1:130]
+#set yrange[0:1]
+#set xtics 10
+#set ytics 0.01
+#set size ratio 1
+#set size square 0.7,1
+plot "MoyennIterAsynch-50-Err" with lines smooth bezier title "Our approach", "MoyenXIAO" with lines smooth bezier title "Metropolis Approach"

diff --git a/chapitre-2009/ftpinfo.txt b/chapitre-2009/ftpinfo.txt
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..7f2fbae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapitre-2009/ftpinfo.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+Hints for transfer of the files in this directory:
+==================================================
+When copying these files to your own computer via ftp please make sure
+you transfer the following formats in
+
+binary mode
+-----------
+*.dvi
+*.eps
+*.pdf
+*.ps
+
+ascii mode
+----------
+*.cls
+*.ist
+*.sty
+*.tex
+*.txt
+
+If you have problems or further questions with respect to the file
+transfer please contact:
+
+Frank Holzwarth      frank.holzwarth@springer.com

diff --git a/chapitre-2009/history.txt b/chapitre-2009/history.txt
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..33cad8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapitre-2009/history.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+Version history for the SVMult LaTeX2e class
+
+date      filename   version  action/reason/acknowledgements
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+28.08.01  history.txt         introducing this file
+
+28.08.01  svmult.cls    1.7   saves token space
+                              (no more: 0 pt plus 1pt minus 1pt)
+
+11.09.01  svmult.cls    1.8   enhanced abstract environment
+                              (\abstractname may be \empty},
+                              \keywords inside the abstract environment
+                              \mainmatter clears the running heads
+
+25.09.01  svmult.cls    1.9   hanging chapter or section heading with
+                              class option [sechang]
+                              sets bibliography as section by default,
+                              whereas [chaprefs] sets it as chapter
+
+14.11.01  svmult.cls    1.10  debugged "bibsection" handling,
+                              added minitoc feature,
+                              \newenvironment{abbrsymblist},
+                              theorem name and its number can be permuted
+                              by using \normalthmheadings vs. \reversethmheadings,
+
+20.12.01  svmult.cls    1.11  fixed changeable indentation of itemize environment,
+                              removed bug that prevented \listoftables
+
+21.03.02  svmult.cls    1.12  fixed minitoc feature
+
+27.03.02  svmult.cls    1.13  oops - fixed minitoc feature again
+
+10.05.02  svmult.cls    1.14  corrected spacing after a \maketitle
+
+13.06.02  svmult.cls    1.15  modified sinkage of chapter
+                              oops - fixed minitoc feature again
+
+18.07.02  svmult.cls    1.16  corrected counting of mixed numbered and
+                              unnumbered contributions
+
+26.07.02  svmult.cls    3.0   promoted to major version 3, first release of
+                              "the global class", enabled usage of so called .clo
+                              (class option) files
+
+23.07.02  svmulthd.clo  1.0   initial release of the multhd class option, to revive
+                              the "pre global" layout for HD contributed books
+
+ 2.08.02  svmult.cls    3.1   make \thanks work in \institute field,
+                              change suggested by Daniel R. Grayson (UIUC),
+                              reset environment counters every new contribution
+
+08.10.02  svmult.cls    3.2   corrected \vec command for bold vectors, bug reported
+                              by Michael Beer, Univ. Freiburg
+
+08.10.02 svmultphys.clo 1.0   initial release of the multphys class option,
+                              to foster the diversity of layouts
+
+19.11.02  svmult.cls    3.3   new option "vecarrow" to preserve the original \vec
+                              command; revived the defective "footinfo" option
+
+ 6.12.02  svmult.cls    3.4   adapted minitoc to \secnumdepth
+
+18.12.02  svmult.cls    3.5   removed spurious blanks in language section
+
+15.04.03  svmult.cls    3.6   remove multiple info about language switch
+                              caused by [german] option of "babel", bug reported
+                              by Rüdiger Wapler, Universität Tübingen,
+                              corrected French translation of \bibname
+
+21.05.03  svmult.cls    3.7   added the titlepage environment, enhanced the
+                              thecontriblist environment
+
+26.05.03  svmult.cls    3.8   other few fixes of minitoc, bug report of
+                              Daniel R. Grayson (UIUC)
+
+27.05.03  svmult.cls    3.9   oops - fixed minitoc feature again
+
+23.07.03  svmult.cls    3.10  changed German Index to Sachverzeichnis
+
+10.01.04  svmult.cls    3.11  fixed reference to wrong counter when
+                              using the subeqnarray package
+
+07.04.04  svmult.cls    3.12  made headlines more flexible using \runheadstyle
+
+16.04.04  svmult.cls    3.13  fixed footinfo option
+
+18.05.04  svmult.cls    3.14  fix for babel option "ngerman", normal dot
+                              leaders for TOC entries of type "chapter"
+
+ 9.06.04  refguide            removed reference to obsolete style, bug reported
+                              by Martin Stepnicka, Ostrava University
+
+13.10.04  svmult.cls    3.15  fixed footnote layout when using footmisc package
+
+12.11.04  svmult.cls    3.16  corrected french spelling, grâce à Jean-Pierre
+                              Francoise, Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions,
+                              Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Jussieu
+
+20.03.05  svmult.cls    3.17  fixed \sidecaption; it was broken when used
+                              along with hyperref package
+
+20.07.05  svmult.cls    3.18  revive running heads for float pages at
+                              chapter ends - experimental
+
+23.09.05  svmult.cls    3.19  fix for babel option "french"
+
+10.10.05  svmult.cls    3.20  fix for hyperref compatibility in minitoc
+
+12.01.06  svmult.cls    3.21  removed Springer branches from titlepage
+
+24.01.06  svmult.cls    3.22  corrected position of pagenumbers in TOC,
+                              bug report and patch by Joachim Schrod
+
+03.08.06  svmult.cls    3.23  new command \Preface: \preface with TOC entry,
+                              suggested by Deborah Doherty, Springer Norwell
+
+22.08.06  svmult.cls    3.24  fixed minitoc feature (removed last empty page)
+                              bug reported by Carlos Langer, University of Cyprus
+
+31.10.06  svmult.cls    3.25  fix for various babel dialects in english
+                              by Ben Liblit, university of Wisconsin, Madison
+
+28.11.06  svmult.cls    3.26  fix for hyperref compatibility of \title pages;
+                              triggered by a request of Venelin Chernogorov,
+                              university of Sofia, Bulgaria
+
+29.06.07  svmono.cls    5.4   first release of the SVMult class
+                              with new global Springer layout "T1"

diff --git a/chapitre-2009/instruct.pdf b/chapitre-2009/instruct.pdf
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..88e206c
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diff --git a/chapitre-2009/jointly.eps b/chapitre-2009/jointly.eps
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index 0000000..8090446
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+++ b/chapitre-2009/jointly.eps
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+%%Title: jointly.fig
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+%%CreationDate: Tue Apr  8 16:04:24 2008
+%%For: makhoul@soleil4 (makhoul,,,)
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diff --git a/chapitre-2009/old.tex b/chapitre-2009/old.tex
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..70f3aaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapitre-2009/old.tex
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+These default coding systems were tried to encode text
+in the buffer `Fusion-chapter.tex':
+  (undecided-unix (3661 . 8211) (3675 . 8211)) (iso-latin-9-unix (3661
+  . 8211) (3675 . 8211))
+However, each of them encountered characters it couldn't encode:
+  undecided-unix cannot encode these: ¡V ¡V
+  iso-latin-9-unix cannot encode these: ¡V ¡V
+
+Click on a character (or switch to this window by `C-x o'
+and select the characters by RET) to jump to the place it appears,
+where `C-u C-x =' will give information about it.
+
+Select one of the safe coding systems listed below,
+or cancel the writing with C-g and edit the buffer
+   to remove or modify the problematic characters,
+or specify any other coding system (and risk losing
+   the problematic characters).
+
+  big5 utf-8 euc-jis-2004 euc-tw windows-1258 cp874 iso-2022-jp-2004
+  windows-1255 windows-1253 adobe-standard-encoding next mac-roman
+  windows-1257 windows-1254 windows-1252 windows-1250 windows-1251
+  koi8-t gb18030 gbk big5-hkscs utf-7 utf-16 utf-16be-with-signature
+  utf-16le-with-signature utf-16be utf-16le iso-2022-7bit utf-8-auto
+  utf-8-with-signature georgian-academy georgian-ps
+  japanese-shift-jis-2004 pt154 utf-7-imap utf-8-emacs

diff --git a/chapitre-2009/quickstart.pdf b/chapitre-2009/quickstart.pdf
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..c7ddd3a
Binary files /dev/null and b/chapitre-2009/quickstart.pdf differ

diff --git a/chapitre-2009/readme.txt b/chapitre-2009/readme.txt
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..3d80215
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapitre-2009/readme.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+This directory holds the 8 components of the SVMult tool package:
+
+(1) a subdirectory "styles" with
+- the Springer document class "svmult.cls"
+- the Springer MakeIndex style file "svind.ist"
+- the Springer MakeIndex style file "svindd.ist" - german version
+- the Springer BibTeX styles "spbasic.bst", "spmpsci.bst", "spphys.bst"
+
+(2) a subdirectory "templates" with
+- the sample text file "author.tex",
+- the sample figure file "figure.eps"
+- the sample reference file "referenc.tex"
+with preset class options, packages and coding examples;
+
+Tip: Copy all these files to your working directory, run LaTeX
+and produce your own example *.dvi file; rename the template files as
+you see fit and use them for your own input.
+
+(3) the pdf file "quickstart.pdf" with "essentials" for
+an easy implementation of the "SVMult" package (2 pages)
+
+(4) the pdf file "authinst.pdf" with style and
+coding instructions specific to -- Contributed Volumes --
+
+Tip: Follow these instructions to set up your files, to type in your
+text and to obtain a consistent formal style; use these pages as
+checklists before you submit your ready-to-print manuscript.
+
+(5) the pdf file "refguide.pdf" describing the
+SVMult document class features independent of any specific style
+requirements.
+
+Tip: Use it as a reference if you need to alter or enhance the
+default settings of the SVMult document class and/or the templates.
+
+(6) the pdf file "authsamp.pdf" as an example of a "contribution"
+
+(7) a subdirectory "editor" containing
+
+    - a subdirectory "templates" with
+      -- the sample root file "editor.tex"
+         with preset class options, packages and coding examples;
+      -- the sample text files
+         --- "dedic.tex" (dedication),
+         --- "foreword.tex" (foreword),
+         --- "preface.tex" (preface),
+         --- "acknow.tex" (acknowledgements),
+         --- "cblist.tex" (list of contributors),
+         --- "acronym.tex" (common list of acronyms),
+         --- "part.tex" (part title),
+         --- "author.tex" (contribution),
+         --- "figure.eps" (sample figure)
+         --- "glossary.tex" (common glossary)
+         --- "appendix.tex" (common appendix)
+         --- "figure.eps" (sample figure)
+
+         Tip: Copy all these files to your working directory,
+              run LaTeX and produce your own example *.dvi file;
+              rename the template files as you see fit and
+              use them for your own input.
+
+    - the pdf file "edsamp.pdf" as an example of a "complete book"
+
+    - the pdf file "edinst.pdf" with step-by-step
+      instructions for compiling all contributions to a single book.
+
+(8) a file "history.txt" with version history

diff --git a/chapitre-2009/references.bib b/chapitre-2009/references.bib
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..b3ec469
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapitre-2009/references.bib
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+@ARTICLE{1,\r
+ author = "J A. Legg",\r
+ title = "Tracking and sensor fusion issues in the tactical land environement",\r
+ journal = "Technical Report TN.0605",\r
+ year = "2005",\r
+ }\r
+\r
+\r
+@ARTICLE{2,\r
+ author = "L. Xiao and S. Boyd and S. lall",\r
+ title = "A Scheme for Robust Distributed Sensor Fusion Based on Average Consensus",\r
+ journal = "Proc. of the International Conference on Information processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN)",\r
+ pages = "63-70",\r
+ year = "2005",\r
+ }\r
+\r
+@ARTICLE{3,\r
+ author = "R. Olfati-Saber and J. S. Shamma",\r
+ title = "Consensus filters for sensor networks and distributed sensor fusion",\r
+ journal = "Proceedings of 44th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CDC-ECC",\r
+ pages = "",\r
+ year = "2005",\r
+ }\r
+@ARTICLE{4,\r
+ author = "R. Olfati-Saber",\r
+ title = "Distributed kalman filter with embeded consensus filters",\r
+ journal = "Proceedings of 44th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control",\r
+ pages = "",\r
+ year = "2005",\r
+ }\r
+@ARTICLE{5,\r
+ author = "A. Speranzon and C. Fischione and K.H. Johansson",\r
+ title = "Distributed and Collaborative Estimation over Wireless Sensor Networks",\r
+ journal = "Proceedings of 45th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control",\r
+ pages = "",\r
+ year = "2006",\r
+ }\r
+@BOOK{6,\r
+  author = {Bertsekas, Dimitri P. and Tsitsiklis, John N.},\r
+  title = {Parallel and Distributed Computation: Numerical\r
+                  Methods},\r
+  publisher = {Athena Scientific},\r
+  isbn = {1-886529-01-9},\r
+  year = 1997,\r
+  link = {http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/3719}\r
+}\r
+@ARTICLE{7,\r
+ author = "Bahi, Jacques and Couturier, Raphael and Vernier, Flavien",\r
+ title = "Synchronous Distributed Load Balancing on Dynamic Networks",\r
+ YEAR = {2005},\r
+      JOURNAL = {Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing},\r
+      VOLUME = {65},\r
+      NUMBER = {11},\r
+      PAGES = {1397-1405},\r
+ }\r
+@MISC{8,\r
+ author = {{OMNeT++}},\r
+ title = "http://www.omnetpp.org/",\r
+ }\r
+@ARTICLE{9,\r
+ author = "L. Xiao and S. Boyd and S. Lall",\r
+ title = "A Space-Time Diffusion Scheme for Peer-to-Peer Least-Squares Estimation",\r
+JOURNAL = {Proc. of Fifth International Conf. on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN 2006)},\r
+ YEAR = {2006},\r
+  PAGES = {168-176},\r
+ }\r
+@ARTICLE{10,\r
+ author = " Mohammad S. Talebi and Mahdi Kefayati and Babak H. Khalaj and Hamid R. Rabiee",\r
+ title = "Adaptive Consensus Averaging for Information Fusion over Sensor Networks",\r
+ YEAR = {2006},\r
+      JOURNAL = {In the proceedings of The Third IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS'06)},\r
+ }\r
+@ARTICLE{11,\r
+ author = "  Olfati-Saber, R.  and  Fax, J.A.  and Murray, R.M.",\r
+ title = "Consensus and Cooperation in Networked Multi-Agent Systems",\r
+ YEAR = {2007},\r
+ JOURNAL = {Proc. of IEEE},\r
+PAGES = {215-233},\r
+ }\r
+@ARTICLE{12,\r
+ author = "Akyildiz, I. and  Su, W. and Sankarasubramniam, Y. and  Cayirci, E.",\r
+ title = "A survey on sensor networks",\r
+ YEAR = {2002},\r
+ JOURNAL = {IEEE Communications Magazine},\r
+PAGES = {102-114},\r
+ }\r
+@ARTICLE{13,\r
+ author = "M. Chu and H. Haussecker and F. Zhao.",\r
+ title = "Scalable information-deriven sensor querying and routing for ad hoc heterogeneous sensor networks",\r
+ YEAR = {2002},\r
+ JOURNAL = {International Journal of High-Performance Computing Applications},\r
+      VOLUME = {16},\r
+      NUMBER = {3},\r
+      PAGES = {293-313},\r
+ }\r
+@ARTICLE{14,\r
+ author = "J. Cortes and S. Martinez and T. Karatas and F. Bullo",\r
+ title = "Coverage control for mobile sensing networks",\r
+ YEAR = {April 2004},\r
+ JOURNAL = {The IEEE Trans. on Robotics and Automation},\r
+      VOLUME = {20},\r
+      NUMBER = {2},\r
+      PAGES = {243-255},\r
+ }\r
+@ARTICLE{15,\r
+ author = "H. Durrant-Whyte",\r
+ title = "Data fusion in sensor networks",\r
+ YEAR = {April 2005},\r
+ JOURNAL = {Fourth International Symposium on Information Processing in Sensor Networks},\r
+      VOLUME = {},\r
+      NUMBER = {},\r
+      PAGES = {},\r
+ }\r
+@ARTICLE{16,\r
+ author = "D. Spanos and R. Olfati-Saber and R.M. Murray",\r
+ title = "Distributed sensor fusion using dynamic consensus",\r
+ YEAR = {2005},\r
+ JOURNAL = {proceedings of IFAC},\r
+      VOLUME = {},\r
+      NUMBER = {},\r
+      PAGES = {},\r
+ }\r
+@ARTICLE{17,\r
+ author = "D.S. Scherber and H.C. Papadopoulos",\r
+ title = "Distributed Computation of Averages Over Ad Hoc Networks ",\r
+ YEAR = {April 2005},\r
+ JOURNAL = {IEEE journal on Selected Areas in Communications},\r
+      VOLUME = {23},\r
+      NUMBER = {4},\r
+      PAGES = {776-787},\r
+ }\r
+@ARTICLE{18,\r
+ author = " Mohammad S. Talebi and Mahdi Kefayati and Babak H. Khalaj and Hamid R. Rabiee",\r
+ title = " Adaptive Consensus Averaging for Information Fusion over Sensor Networks ",\r
+ YEAR = {2006},\r
+ JOURNAL = {IEEE International Conference on Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems (MASS)},\r
+      VOLUME = {},\r
+      NUMBER = {},\r
+      PAGES = {562-565},\r
+ }\r
+\r
+@ARTICLE{19,\r
+ author = "J A. Legg",\r
+ title = "Tracking and sensor fusion issues in the tactical land environement",\r
+ journal = "Technical Report TN.0605",\r
+ year = "2005",\r
+ }\r
+@ARTICLE{20,\r
+ author = "R. Olfati-Saber and R. M. Murray",\r
+ title = "Consensus Problems in Networks of Agents with Switching Topology and Time-Delays",\r
+ YEAR = {},\r
+ JOURNAL = {IEEE Transaction on Automatic Control},\r
+      VOLUME = {49},\r
+      NUMBER = {9},\r
+      PAGES = {1520-1533},\r
+ }\r
+@ARTICLE{21,\r
+      AUTHOR = {Bahi, Jacques and Giersch, Arnaud and Makhoul, Abdallah},\r
+      TITLE = {A Scalable Fault Tolerant Diffusion Scheme for Data Fusion in Sensor Networks},\r
+      YEAR = {2008},\r
+      MONTH = {june},\r
+      JOURNAL = {The Third International ICST Conference on Scalable Information Systems, Infoscale 2008, ACM},\r
+      ADDRESS = {Vico Equense, Italie},\r
+      PUBLISHER = {ACM}\r
+      \r
+} 
+@ARTICLE{22,\r
+      AUTHOR = {N.A. Lynch},\r
+      TITLE = {Distributed Algorithms},\r
+      YEAR = {1996},\r
+      MONTH = {},\r
+      JOURNAL = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.},\r
+      ADDRESS = {San Francisco, CA},\r
+      PUBLISHER = {}\r
+      \r
+} 
+
+@ARTICLE{23,\r
+      AUTHOR = {Y. Rabani and A. Sinclair and R. Wanka},\r
+      TITLE = {Local divergence of Markov chains and the analysis of iterative load-balancing schemes},\r
+      YEAR = {1998},\r
+      MONTH = {},\r
+      JOURNAL = {in Proceedings of the IEEE Symp. on Found. of Comp. Sci., Palo Alto},\r
+      ADDRESS = {CA},\r
+      PUBLISHER = {}\r
+      \r
+} 
+@ARTICLE{24,\r
+      AUTHOR = {P.A. Bliman and G. Ferrari-Trecate},\r
+      TITLE = {Average consensus problems in networks of agents with delayed communications},\r
+      YEAR = {2008},\r
+      MONTH = {},\r
+      JOURNAL = {Journal of IFAC},
+      VOLUME = {44},\r
+      NUMBER = {8},\r
+      PAGES = {1985-1995},\r
+      ADDRESS = {},\r
+      PUBLISHER = {}\r
+      \r
+} 
+@ARTICLE{25,\r
+      AUTHOR = {C. C. Moallemi and B. V. Roy},\r
+      TITLE = {Consensus propagation},\r
+      YEAR = {2006},\r
+      MONTH = {Nov},\r
+      JOURNAL = {IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory},
+      VOLUME = {52},\r
+      NUMBER = {11},\r
+      PAGES = {4753-4766},\r
+      ADDRESS = {},\r
+      PUBLISHER = {}\r
+      \r
+} \r

diff --git a/chapitre-2009/references.log b/chapitre-2009/references.log
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..b59ce6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapitre-2009/references.log
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+This is pdfTeX, Version 3.141592-1.40.4 (MiKTeX 2.7) (preloaded format=latex 2007.12.23)  15 JUN 2009 13:56\r
+entering extended mode\r
+**references.bib\r
+(references.bib\r
+LaTeX2e <2005/12/01>\r
+Babel <v3.8h> and hyphenation patterns for english, dumylang, nohyphenation, ge\r
+rman, ngerman, french, loaded.\r
+\r
+! LaTeX Error: Missing \begin{document}.\r
+\r
+See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation.\r
+Type  H <return>  for immediate help.\r
+ ...                                              \r
+                                                  \r
+l.1 @\r
+     ARTICLE{1,\r
+? \r
+! Emergency stop.\r
+ ...                                              \r
+                                                  \r
+l.1 @\r
+     ARTICLE{1,\r
+You're in trouble here.  Try typing  <return>  to proceed.\r
+If that doesn't work, type  X <return>  to quit.\r
+\r
+ \r
+Here is how much of TeX's memory you used:\r
+ 8 strings out of 95341\r
+ 238 string characters out of 1184181\r
+ 44877 words of memory out of 1500000\r
+ 3290 multiletter control sequences out of 110000\r
+ 3640 words of font info for 14 fonts, out of 1200000 for 2000\r
+ 14 hyphenation exceptions out of 8191\r
+ 6i,0n,4p,29b,14s stack positions out of 5000i,500n,10000p,200000b,5000s\r
+No pages of output.\r

diff --git a/chapitre-2009/refguide.pdf b/chapitre-2009/refguide.pdf
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..5d944ab
Binary files /dev/null and b/chapitre-2009/refguide.pdf differ

diff --git a/chapitre-2009/spbasic.bst b/chapitre-2009/spbasic.bst
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..4b879b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapitre-2009/spbasic.bst
@@ -0,0 +1,1659 @@
+%%
+%% This is file `spbasic.bst',
+%% generated with the docstrip utility.
+%%
+%% The original source files were:
+%%
+%% merlin.mbs  (with options: `ay,nat,seq-lab,vonx,nm-rvx,ed-rev,jnrlst,dt-beg,yr-par,yrp-x,yrpp-xsp,note-yr,jxper,jttl-rm,thtit-a,pgsep-c,num-xser,ser-vol,jnm-x,btit-rm,bt-rm,pre-pub,doi,edparxc,blk-tit,in-col,fin-bare,pp,ed,abr,mth-bare,ord,jabr,xand,eprint,url,url-blk,em-x,nfss,')
+%% ----------------------------------------
+%%
+%%********************************************************************************%%
+%%                                                                                %%
+%% For Springer medical, life sciences, chemistry, geology, engineering and       %%
+%%   computer science publications.                                               %%
+%% For use with the natbib package (see below). Default is author-year citations. %%
+%%   When citations are numbered, please use \usepackage[numbers]{natbib}.        %%
+%% A lack of punctuation is the key feature. Springer-Verlag 2004/10/15           %%
+%% Report bugs and improvements to: Joylene Vette-Guillaume or Frank Holzwarth    %%
+%%                                                                                %%
+%%********************************************************************************%%
+%%
+%% Copyright 1994-2004 Patrick W Daly
+ % ===============================================================
+ % IMPORTANT NOTICE:
+ % This bibliographic style (bst) file has been generated from one or
+ % more master bibliographic style (mbs) files, listed above.
+ %
+ % This generated file can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms
+ % of the LaTeX Project Public License Distributed from CTAN
+ % archives in directory macros/latex/base/lppl.txt; either
+ % version 1 of the License, or any later version.
+ % ===============================================================
+ % Name and version information of the main mbs file:
+ % \ProvidesFile{merlin.mbs}[2004/02/09 4.13 (PWD, AO, DPC)]
+ %   For use with BibTeX version 0.99a or later
+ %-------------------------------------------------------------------
+ % This bibliography style file is intended for texts in ENGLISH
+ % This is an author-year citation style bibliography. As such, it is
+ % non-standard LaTeX, and requires a special package file to function properly.
+ % Such a package is    natbib.sty   by Patrick W. Daly
+ % The form of the \bibitem entries is
+ %   \bibitem[Jones et al.(1990)]{key}...
+ %   \bibitem[Jones et al.(1990)Jones, Baker, and Smith]{key}...
+ % The essential feature is that the label (the part in brackets) consists
+ % of the author names, as they should appear in the citation, with the year
+ % in parentheses following. There must be no space before the opening
+ % parenthesis!
+ % With natbib v5.3, a full list of authors may also follow the year.
+ % In natbib.sty, it is possible to define the type of enclosures that is
+ % really wanted (brackets or parentheses), but in either case, there must
+ % be parentheses in the label.
+ % The \cite command functions as follows:
+ %   \citet{key} ==>>                Jones et al. (1990)
+ %   \citet*{key} ==>>               Jones, Baker, and Smith (1990)
+ %   \citep{key} ==>>                (Jones et al., 1990)
+ %   \citep*{key} ==>>               (Jones, Baker, and Smith, 1990)
+ %   \citep[chap. 2]{key} ==>>       (Jones et al., 1990, chap. 2)
+ %   \citep[e.g.][]{key} ==>>        (e.g. Jones et al., 1990)
+ %   \citep[e.g.][p. 32]{key} ==>>   (e.g. Jones et al., p. 32)
+ %   \citeauthor{key} ==>>           Jones et al.
+ %   \citeauthor*{key} ==>>          Jones, Baker, and Smith
+ %   \citeyear{key} ==>>             1990
+ %---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ENTRY
+  { address
+    archive
+    author
+    booktitle
+    chapter
+    doi
+    edition
+    editor
+    eid
+    eprint
+    howpublished
+    institution
+    journal
+    key
+    month
+    note
+    number
+    organization
+    pages
+    publisher
+    school
+    series
+    title
+    type
+    url
+    volume
+    year
+  }
+  {}
+  { label extra.label sort.label short.list }
+INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }
+FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
+{ #0 'before.all :=
+  #1 'mid.sentence :=
+  #2 'after.sentence :=
+  #3 'after.block :=
+}
+STRINGS { s t}
+FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
+{ 's :=
+  output.state mid.sentence =
+    { ", " * write$ }
+    { output.state after.block =
+        { add.period$ write$
+          newline$
+          "\newblock " write$
+        }
+        { output.state before.all =
+            'write$
+            { add.period$ " " * write$ }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+    }
+  if$
+  s
+}
+FUNCTION {output}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    'pop$
+    'output.nonnull
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {output.check}
+{ 't :=
+  duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+    'output.nonnull
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {fin.entry}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    'pop$
+    'write$
+  if$
+  newline$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block}
+{ output.state before.all =
+    'skip$
+    { after.block 'output.state := }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {new.sentence}
+{ output.state after.block =
+    'skip$
+    { output.state before.all =
+        'skip$
+        { after.sentence 'output.state := }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {add.blank}
+{  " " * before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {no.blank.or.punct}
+{  "\hspace{0pt}" * before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {date.block}
+{
+    add.blank
+}
+
+FUNCTION {not}
+{   { #0 }
+    { #1 }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {and}
+{   'skip$
+    { pop$ #0 }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {or}
+{   { pop$ #1 }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+STRINGS {z}
+FUNCTION {remove.dots}
+{ 'z :=
+  ""
+  { z empty$ not }
+  { z #1 #1 substring$
+    z #2 global.max$ substring$ 'z :=
+    duplicate$ "." = 'pop$
+      { * }
+    if$
+  }
+  while$
+}
+FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
+{ empty$
+  swap$ empty$
+  and
+    'skip$
+    'new.block
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {field.or.null}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "" }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {emphasize}
+{ skip$ }
+FUNCTION {tie.or.space.prefix}
+{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
+    { "~" }
+    { " " }
+  if$
+  swap$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {capitalize}
+{ "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$ }
+
+FUNCTION {space.word}
+{ " " swap$ * " " * }
+ % Here are the language-specific definitions for explicit words.
+ % Each function has a name bbl.xxx where xxx is the English word.
+ % The language selected here is ENGLISH
+FUNCTION {bbl.and}
+{ "and"}
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.etal}
+{ "et~al" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.editors}
+{ "eds" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.editor}
+{ "ed" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.edby}
+{ "edited by" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.edition}
+{ "edn" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.volume}
+{ "vol" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.of}
+{ "of" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.number}
+{ "no." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.nr}
+{ "no." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.in}
+{ "in" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.pages}
+{ "pp" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.page}
+{ "p" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.chapter}
+{ "chap" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.techrep}
+{ "Tech. Rep." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis}
+{ "Master's thesis" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis}
+{ "PhD thesis" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.first}
+{ "1st" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.second}
+{ "2nd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.third}
+{ "3rd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.fourth}
+{ "4th" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.fifth}
+{ "5th" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.st}
+{ "st" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.nd}
+{ "nd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.rd}
+{ "rd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.th}
+{ "th" }
+
+MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}
+
+MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}
+
+MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}
+
+MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}
+
+MACRO {may} {"May"}
+
+MACRO {jun} {"Jun."}
+
+MACRO {jul} {"Jul."}
+
+MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}
+
+MACRO {sep} {"Sep."}
+
+MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}
+
+MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}
+
+MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}
+
+FUNCTION {eng.ord}
+{ duplicate$ "1" swap$ *
+  #-2 #1 substring$ "1" =
+     { bbl.th * }
+     { duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$
+       duplicate$ "1" =
+         { pop$ bbl.st * }
+         { duplicate$ "2" =
+             { pop$ bbl.nd * }
+             { "3" =
+                 { bbl.rd * }
+                 { bbl.th * }
+               if$
+             }
+           if$
+          }
+       if$
+     }
+   if$
+}
+
+MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Comput Surv"}
+
+MACRO {acta} {"Acta Inf"}
+
+MACRO {cacm} {"Commun ACM"}
+
+MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM~J~Res Dev"}
+
+MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Syst~J"}
+
+MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Trans Softw Eng"}
+
+MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Trans Comput"}
+
+MACRO {ieeetcad}
+ {"IEEE Trans Comput Aid Des"}
+
+MACRO {ipl} {"Inf Process Lett"}
+
+MACRO {jacm} {"J~ACM"}
+
+MACRO {jcss} {"J~Comput Syst Sci"}
+
+MACRO {scp} {"Sci Comput Program"}
+
+MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM J~Comput"}
+
+MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Trans Comput Syst"}
+
+MACRO {tods} {"ACM Trans Database Syst"}
+
+MACRO {tog} {"ACM Trans Graphic"}
+
+MACRO {toms} {"ACM Trans Math Softw"}
+
+MACRO {toois} {"ACM Trans Office Inf Syst"}
+
+MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Trans Program Lang Syst"}
+
+MACRO {tcs} {"Theor Comput Sci"}
+
+FUNCTION {bibinfo.check}
+{ swap$
+  duplicate$ missing$
+    {
+      pop$ pop$
+      ""
+    }
+    { duplicate$ empty$
+        {
+          swap$ pop$
+        }
+        { swap$
+          pop$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {bibinfo.warn}
+{ swap$
+  duplicate$ missing$
+    {
+      swap$ "missing " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ pop$
+      ""
+    }
+    { duplicate$ empty$
+        {
+          swap$ "empty " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$
+        }
+        { swap$
+          pop$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.eprint}
+{ eprint duplicate$ empty$
+    'skip$
+    { "\eprint"
+      archive empty$
+        'skip$
+        { "[" * archive * "]" * }
+      if$
+      "{" * swap$ * "}" *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.url}
+{ url empty$
+    { "" }
+    { "\urlprefix\url{" url * "}" * }
+  if$
+}
+
+STRINGS  { bibinfo}
+INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }
+
+FUNCTION {format.names}
+{ 'bibinfo :=
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ {
+  's :=
+  "" 't :=
+  #1 'nameptr :=
+  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+  numnames 'namesleft :=
+    { namesleft #0 > }
+    { s nameptr
+      "{vv~}{ll}{ f{}}{ jj}"
+      format.name$
+      remove.dots
+      bibinfo bibinfo.check
+      't :=
+      nameptr #1 >
+        {
+          namesleft #1 >
+            { ", " * t * }
+            {
+              "," *
+              s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
+                { 't := }
+                { pop$ }
+              if$
+              t "others" =
+                {
+                  " " * bbl.etal *
+                }
+                { " " * t * }
+              if$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+        't
+      if$
+      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+    }
+  while$
+  } if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.names.ed}
+{
+  format.names
+}
+FUNCTION {format.key}
+{ empty$
+    { key field.or.null }
+    { "" }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.authors}
+{ author "author" format.names
+}
+FUNCTION {get.bbl.editor}
+{ editor num.names$ #1 > 'bbl.editors 'bbl.editor if$ }
+
+FUNCTION {format.editors}
+{ editor "editor" format.names duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      " " *
+      get.bbl.editor
+   "(" swap$ * ")" *
+      *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.doi}
+{ doi "doi" bibinfo.check
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      "\doi{" swap$ * "}" *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.note}
+{
+ note empty$
+    { "" }
+    { note #1 #1 substring$
+      duplicate$ "{" =
+        'skip$
+        { output.state mid.sentence =
+          { "l" }
+          { "u" }
+        if$
+        change.case$
+        }
+      if$
+      note #2 global.max$ substring$ * "note" bibinfo.check
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.title}
+{ title
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    { "t" change.case$ }
+  if$
+  "title" bibinfo.check
+}
+FUNCTION {format.full.names}
+{'s :=
+ "" 't :=
+  #1 'nameptr :=
+  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+  numnames 'namesleft :=
+    { namesleft #0 > }
+    { s nameptr
+      "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+      't :=
+      nameptr #1 >
+        {
+          namesleft #1 >
+            { ", " * t * }
+            {
+              s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
+                { 't := }
+                { pop$ }
+              if$
+              t "others" =
+                {
+                  " " * bbl.etal *
+                }
+                {
+                  numnames #2 >
+                    { "," * }
+                    'skip$
+                  if$
+                  bbl.and
+                  space.word * t *
+                }
+              if$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+        't
+      if$
+      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+    }
+  while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.editor.key.full}
+{ author empty$
+    { editor empty$
+        { key empty$
+            { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+            'key
+          if$
+        }
+        { editor format.full.names }
+      if$
+    }
+    { author format.full.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.key.full}
+{ author empty$
+    { key empty$
+         { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+          'key
+      if$
+    }
+    { author format.full.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {editor.key.full}
+{ editor empty$
+    { key empty$
+         { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+          'key
+      if$
+    }
+    { editor format.full.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {make.full.names}
+{ type$ "book" =
+  type$ "inbook" =
+  or
+    'author.editor.key.full
+    { type$ "proceedings" =
+        'editor.key.full
+        'author.key.full
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
+{ newline$
+  "\bibitem[{" write$
+  label write$
+  ")" make.full.names duplicate$ short.list =
+     { pop$ }
+     { * }
+   if$
+  "}]{" * write$
+  cite$ write$
+  "}" write$
+  newline$
+  ""
+  before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {add.period}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    'skip$
+    { "." * add.blank }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {if.digit}
+{ duplicate$ "0" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "1" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "2" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "3" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "4" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "5" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "6" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "7" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "8" =
+  swap$ "9" = or or or or or or or or or
+}
+FUNCTION {n.separate}
+{ 't :=
+  ""
+  #0 'numnames :=
+  { t empty$ not }
+  { t #-1 #1 substring$ if.digit
+      { numnames #1 + 'numnames := }
+      { #0 'numnames := }
+    if$
+    t #-1 #1 substring$ swap$ *
+    t #-2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+    numnames #5 =
+      { duplicate$ #1 #2 substring$ swap$
+        #3 global.max$ substring$
+        "," swap$ * *
+      }
+      'skip$
+    if$
+  }
+  while$
+}
+FUNCTION {n.dashify}
+{
+  n.separate
+  't :=
+  ""
+    { t empty$ not }
+    { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
+        { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
+            { "--" *
+              t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+            }
+            {   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
+                { "-" *
+                  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+                }
+              while$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+        { t #1 #1 substring$ *
+          t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {word.in}
+{ bbl.in capitalize
+  ":" *
+  " " * }
+
+FUNCTION {format.date}
+{ year "year" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
+    {
+      "empty year in " cite$ * "; set to ????" * warning$
+       pop$ "????"
+    }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+  extra.label *
+  before.all 'output.state :=
+  " (" swap$ * ")" *
+}
+FUNCTION {format.btitle}
+{ title "title" bibinfo.check
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {either.or.check}
+{ empty$
+    'pop$
+    { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
+{ volume empty$
+    { "" }
+    { bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.prefix
+      "volume" bibinfo.check * *
+      series "series" bibinfo.check
+      duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+        { emphasize ", " * swap$ * }
+      if$
+      "volume and number" number either.or.check
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.number.series}
+{ volume empty$
+    { number empty$
+        { series field.or.null }
+        { series empty$
+            { number "number" bibinfo.check }
+            { output.state mid.sentence =
+                { bbl.number }
+                { bbl.number capitalize }
+              if$
+              number tie.or.space.prefix "number" bibinfo.check * *
+              bbl.in space.word *
+              series "series" bibinfo.check *
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+    { "" }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {is.num}
+{ chr.to.int$
+  duplicate$ "0" chr.to.int$ < not
+  swap$ "9" chr.to.int$ > not and
+}
+
+FUNCTION {extract.num}
+{ duplicate$ 't :=
+  "" 's :=
+  { t empty$ not }
+  { t #1 #1 substring$
+    t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+    duplicate$ is.num
+      { s swap$ * 's := }
+      { pop$ "" 't := }
+    if$
+  }
+  while$
+  s empty$
+    'skip$
+    { pop$ s }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {convert.edition}
+{ extract.num "l" change.case$ 's :=
+  s "first" = s "1" = or
+    { bbl.first 't := }
+    { s "second" = s "2" = or
+        { bbl.second 't := }
+        { s "third" = s "3" = or
+            { bbl.third 't := }
+            { s "fourth" = s "4" = or
+                { bbl.fourth 't := }
+                { s "fifth" = s "5" = or
+                    { bbl.fifth 't := }
+                    { s #1 #1 substring$ is.num
+                        { s eng.ord 't := }
+                        { edition 't := }
+                      if$
+                    }
+                  if$
+                }
+              if$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  t
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.edition}
+{ edition duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      convert.edition
+      output.state mid.sentence =
+        { "l" }
+        { "t" }
+      if$ change.case$
+      "edition" bibinfo.check
+      " " * bbl.edition *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+INTEGERS { multiresult }
+FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
+{ 't :=
+  #0 'multiresult :=
+    { multiresult not
+      t empty$ not
+      and
+    }
+    { t #1 #1 substring$
+      duplicate$ "-" =
+      swap$ duplicate$ "," =
+      swap$ "+" =
+      or or
+        { #1 'multiresult := }
+        { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
+      if$
+    }
+  while$
+  multiresult
+}
+FUNCTION {format.pages}
+{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    { duplicate$ multi.page.check
+        {
+          bbl.pages swap$
+          n.dashify
+        }
+        {
+          bbl.page swap$
+        }
+      if$
+      tie.or.space.prefix
+      "pages" bibinfo.check
+      * *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.journal.pages}
+{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+    { swap$ duplicate$ empty$
+        { pop$ pop$ format.pages }
+        {
+          ":" *
+          swap$
+          n.dashify
+          "pages" bibinfo.check
+          *
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.journal.eid}
+{ eid "eid" bibinfo.check
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+    { swap$ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+      {
+          ":" *
+      }
+      if$
+      swap$ *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
+{ volume field.or.null
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      "volume" bibinfo.check
+    }
+  if$
+  number "number" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      swap$ duplicate$ empty$
+        { "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+      swap$
+      "(" swap$ * ")" *
+    }
+  if$ *
+  eid empty$
+    { format.journal.pages }
+    { format.journal.eid }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
+{ chapter empty$
+    'format.pages
+    { type empty$
+        { bbl.chapter }
+        { type "l" change.case$
+          "type" bibinfo.check
+        }
+      if$
+      chapter tie.or.space.prefix
+      "chapter" bibinfo.check
+      * *
+      pages empty$
+        'skip$
+        { ", " * format.pages * }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.booktitle}
+{
+  booktitle "booktitle" bibinfo.check
+}
+FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
+{ format.booktitle duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      editor "editor" format.names.ed duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+        {
+          " " *
+          get.bbl.editor
+          "(" swap$ * ") " *
+          * swap$
+          * }
+      if$
+      word.in swap$ *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
+{ type duplicate$ empty$
+    'pop$
+    { swap$ pop$
+      "t" change.case$ "type" bibinfo.check
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
+{ number "number" bibinfo.check
+  type duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ bbl.techrep }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+  "type" bibinfo.check
+  swap$ duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "t" change.case$ }
+    { tie.or.space.prefix * * }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
+{
+  word.in
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
+{ volume duplicate$ empty$
+    { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
+      pop$ word.in
+    }
+    { bbl.volume
+      capitalize
+      swap$ tie.or.space.prefix "volume" bibinfo.check * * bbl.of space.word *
+    }
+  if$
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
+{
+  word.in
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+FUNCTION {format.org.or.pub}
+{ 't :=
+  ""
+  address empty$ t empty$ and
+    'skip$
+    {
+      t empty$
+        { address "address" bibinfo.check *
+        }
+        { t *
+          address empty$
+            'skip$
+            { ", " * address "address" bibinfo.check * }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.publisher.address}
+{ publisher "publisher" bibinfo.warn format.org.or.pub
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.organization.address}
+{ organization "organization" bibinfo.check format.org.or.pub
+}
+
+FUNCTION {article}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  author format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.sentence
+  crossref missing$
+    {
+      journal
+      remove.dots
+      "journal" bibinfo.check
+      "journal" output.check
+      add.blank
+      format.vol.num.pages output
+    }
+    { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  format.url output
+  format.note output
+  format.eprint output
+  fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {book}
+{ output.bibitem
+  author empty$
+    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+      editor format.key output
+      add.blank
+    }
+    { format.authors output.nonnull
+      crossref missing$
+        { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.bvolume output
+      format.edition output
+  new.sentence
+      format.number.series output
+      format.publisher.address output
+    }
+    {
+  new.sentence
+      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  format.url output
+  format.note output
+  format.eprint output
+  fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {booklet}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors output
+  author format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.sentence
+  howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
+  address "address" bibinfo.check output
+  format.doi output
+  format.url output
+  format.note output
+  format.eprint output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inbook}
+{ output.bibitem
+  author empty$
+    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+      editor format.key output
+    }
+    { format.authors output.nonnull
+      crossref missing$
+        { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  crossref missing$
+    {
+      format.bvolume output
+      format.edition output
+      format.publisher.address output
+      format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+  new.sentence
+      format.number.series output
+    }
+    {
+      format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+  new.sentence
+      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  format.url output
+  format.note output
+  format.eprint output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {incollection}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  author format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.sentence
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+      format.bvolume output
+      format.edition output
+      format.number.series output
+      format.publisher.address output
+      format.chapter.pages output
+    }
+    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.chapter.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  format.url output
+  format.note output
+  format.eprint output
+  fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {inproceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  author format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.sentence
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+      publisher empty$
+        { format.organization.address output }
+        { organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+          format.publisher.address output
+        }
+      if$
+      format.bvolume output
+      format.number.series output
+      format.pages output
+    }
+    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  format.url output
+  format.note output
+  format.eprint output
+  fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }
+FUNCTION {manual}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors output
+  author format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  new.sentence
+  organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+  address "address" bibinfo.check output
+  format.edition output
+  format.doi output
+  format.url output
+  format.note output
+  format.eprint output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  author format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.title
+  "title" output.check
+  new.sentence
+  bbl.mthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+  school "school" bibinfo.warn output
+  address "address" bibinfo.check output
+  format.doi output
+  format.url output
+  format.note output
+  format.eprint output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {misc}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors output
+  author format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.title output
+  new.sentence
+  howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
+  format.doi output
+  format.url output
+  format.note output
+  format.eprint output
+  fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {phdthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  author format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.title
+  "title" output.check
+  new.sentence
+  bbl.phdthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+  school "school" bibinfo.warn output
+  address "address" bibinfo.check output
+  format.doi output
+  format.url output
+  format.note output
+  format.eprint output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {proceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.editors output
+  editor format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  format.bvolume output
+  format.number.series output
+  publisher empty$
+    { format.organization.address output }
+    { organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+      format.publisher.address output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  format.url output
+  format.note output
+  format.eprint output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {techreport}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  author format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.title
+  "title" output.check
+  new.sentence
+  format.tr.number output.nonnull
+  institution "institution" bibinfo.warn output
+  address "address" bibinfo.check output
+  format.doi output
+  format.url output
+  format.note output
+  format.eprint output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {unpublished}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  author format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  format.doi output
+  format.url output
+  format.note "note" output.check
+  format.eprint output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }
+READ
+FUNCTION {sortify}
+{ purify$
+  "l" change.case$
+}
+INTEGERS { len }
+FUNCTION {chop.word}
+{ 's :=
+  'len :=
+  s #1 len substring$ =
+    { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
+    's
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.lab.names}
+{ 's :=
+  "" 't :=
+  s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+  s num.names$ duplicate$
+  #2 >
+    { pop$
+      " " * bbl.etal *
+    }
+    { #2 <
+        'skip$
+        { s #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
+            {
+              " " * bbl.etal *
+            }
+            { bbl.and space.word * s #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+              * }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.key.label}
+{ author empty$
+    { key empty$
+        { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+        'key
+      if$
+    }
+    { author format.lab.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label}
+{ author empty$
+    { editor empty$
+        { key empty$
+            { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+            'key
+          if$
+        }
+        { editor format.lab.names }
+      if$
+    }
+    { author format.lab.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {editor.key.label}
+{ editor empty$
+    { key empty$
+        { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+        'key
+      if$
+    }
+    { editor format.lab.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {calc.short.authors}
+{ type$ "book" =
+  type$ "inbook" =
+  or
+    'author.editor.key.label
+    { type$ "proceedings" =
+        'editor.key.label
+        'author.key.label
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  'short.list :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {calc.label}
+{ calc.short.authors
+  short.list
+  "("
+  *
+  year duplicate$ empty$
+     { pop$ "????" }
+     'skip$
+  if$
+  *
+  'label :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {sort.format.names}
+{ 's :=
+  #1 'nameptr :=
+  ""
+  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+  numnames 'namesleft :=
+    { namesleft #0 > }
+    { s nameptr
+      "{ll{ }}{  f{ }}{  jj{ }}"
+      format.name$ 't :=
+      nameptr #1 >
+        {
+          "   "  *
+          namesleft #1 = t "others" = and
+            { "zzzzz" * }
+            { numnames #2 > nameptr #2 = and
+                { "zz" * year field.or.null * "   " * }
+                'skip$
+              if$
+              t sortify *
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+        { t sortify * }
+      if$
+      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+    }
+  while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
+{ 't :=
+  "A " #2
+    "An " #3
+      "The " #4 t chop.word
+    chop.word
+  chop.word
+  sortify
+  #1 global.max$ substring$
+}
+FUNCTION {author.sort}
+{ author empty$
+    { key empty$
+        { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
+          ""
+        }
+        { key sortify }
+      if$
+    }
+    { author sort.format.names }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
+{ author empty$
+    { editor empty$
+        { key empty$
+            { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
+              ""
+            }
+            { key sortify }
+          if$
+        }
+        { editor sort.format.names }
+      if$
+    }
+    { author sort.format.names }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {editor.sort}
+{ editor empty$
+    { key empty$
+        { "to sort, need editor or key in " cite$ * warning$
+          ""
+        }
+        { key sortify }
+      if$
+    }
+    { editor sort.format.names }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {presort}
+{ calc.label
+  label sortify
+  "    "
+  *
+  type$ "book" =
+  type$ "inbook" =
+  or
+    'author.editor.sort
+    { type$ "proceedings" =
+        'editor.sort
+        'author.sort
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  #1 entry.max$ substring$
+  'sort.label :=
+  sort.label
+  *
+  "    "
+  *
+  title field.or.null
+  sort.format.title
+  *
+  #1 entry.max$ substring$
+  'sort.key$ :=
+}
+
+ITERATE {presort}
+SORT
+STRINGS { last.label next.extra }
+INTEGERS { last.extra.num number.label }
+FUNCTION {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
+{ #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.label :=
+  "" 'next.extra :=
+  #0 'last.extra.num :=
+  #0 'number.label :=
+}
+FUNCTION {forward.pass}
+{ last.label label =
+    { last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
+      last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=
+    }
+    { "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
+      "" 'extra.label :=
+      label 'last.label :=
+    }
+  if$
+  number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
+}
+FUNCTION {reverse.pass}
+{ next.extra "b" =
+    { "a" 'extra.label := }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+  extra.label 'next.extra :=
+  extra.label
+  duplicate$ empty$
+    'skip$
+    { "{\natexlab{" swap$ * "}}" * }
+  if$
+  'extra.label :=
+  label extra.label * 'label :=
+}
+EXECUTE {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
+ITERATE {forward.pass}
+REVERSE {reverse.pass}
+FUNCTION {bib.sort.order}
+{ sort.label
+  "    "
+  *
+  year field.or.null sortify
+  *
+  "    "
+  *
+  title field.or.null
+  sort.format.title
+  *
+  #1 entry.max$ substring$
+  'sort.key$ :=
+}
+ITERATE {bib.sort.order}
+SORT
+FUNCTION {begin.bib}
+{ preamble$ empty$
+    'skip$
+    { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
+  if$
+  "\begin{thebibliography}{" number.label int.to.str$ * "}" *
+  write$ newline$
+  "\providecommand{\natexlab}[1]{#1}"
+  write$ newline$
+  "\providecommand{\url}[1]{{#1}}"
+  write$ newline$
+  "\providecommand{\urlprefix}{URL }"
+  write$ newline$
+  "\expandafter\ifx\csname urlstyle\endcsname\relax"
+  write$ newline$
+  "  \providecommand{\doi}[1]{DOI~\discretionary{}{}{}#1}\else"
+  write$ newline$
+  "  \providecommand{\doi}{DOI~\discretionary{}{}{}\begingroup \urlstyle{rm}\Url}\fi"
+  write$ newline$
+  "\providecommand{\eprint}[2][]{\url{#2}}"
+  write$ newline$
+}
+EXECUTE {begin.bib}
+EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
+ITERATE {call.type$}
+FUNCTION {end.bib}
+{ newline$
+  "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
+}
+EXECUTE {end.bib}
+%% End of customized bst file
+%%
+%% End of file `spbasic.bst'.
+

diff --git a/chapitre-2009/spmpsci.bst b/chapitre-2009/spmpsci.bst
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..84a612c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapitre-2009/spmpsci.bst
@@ -0,0 +1,1513 @@
+%%
+%% This is file `spmpsci.bst',
+%% generated with the docstrip utility.
+%%
+%% The original source files were:
+%%
+%% merlin.mbs  (with options: `vonx,nm-rvv,yr-par,xmth,jttl-rm,thtit-a,vol-bf,volp-com,pgsep-c,num-xser,ser-vol,ser-ed,jnm-x,btit-rm,bt-rm,doi,edparxc,au-col,in-col,fin-bare,pp,ed,abr,xedn,jabr,xand,url,url-blk,nfss,')
+%% ----------------------------------------
+%%********************************************************************************%%
+%%                                                                                %%
+%% For Springer mathematics, computer science, and physical sciences journals     %%
+%%   publications.                                                                %%
+%% Report bugs and improvements to: Joylene Vette-Guillaume or Frank Holzwarth    %%
+%%                                              Springer-Verlag 2004/10/15        %%
+%%                                                                                %%
+%%********************************************************************************%%
+%%
+%% Copyright 1994-2004 Patrick W Daly
+ % ===============================================================
+ % IMPORTANT NOTICE:
+ % This bibliographic style (bst) file has been generated from one or
+ % more master bibliographic style (mbs) files, listed above.
+ %
+ % This generated file can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms
+ % of the LaTeX Project Public License Distributed from CTAN
+ % archives in directory macros/latex/base/lppl.txt; either
+ % version 1 of the License, or any later version.
+ % ===============================================================
+ % Name and version information of the main mbs file:
+ % \ProvidesFile{merlin.mbs}[2004/02/09 4.13 (PWD, AO, DPC)]
+ %   For use with BibTeX version 0.99a or later
+ %-------------------------------------------------------------------
+ % This bibliography style file is intended for texts in ENGLISH
+ % This is a numerical citation style, and as such is standard LaTeX.
+ % It requires no extra package to interface to the main text.
+ % The form of the \bibitem entries is
+ %   \bibitem{key}...
+ % Usage of \cite is as follows:
+ %   \cite{key} ==>>          [#]
+ %   \cite[chap. 2]{key} ==>> [#, chap. 2]
+ % where # is a number determined by the ordering in the reference list.
+ % The order in the reference list is alphabetical by authors.
+ %---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ENTRY
+  { address
+    author
+    booktitle
+    chapter
+    doi
+    edition
+    editor
+    eid
+    howpublished
+    institution
+    journal
+    key
+    month
+    note
+    number
+    organization
+    pages
+    publisher
+    school
+    series
+    title
+    type
+    url
+    volume
+    year
+  }
+  {}
+  { label }
+INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }
+FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
+{ #0 'before.all :=
+  #1 'mid.sentence :=
+  #2 'after.sentence :=
+  #3 'after.block :=
+}
+STRINGS { s t}
+FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
+{ 's :=
+  output.state mid.sentence =
+    { ", " * write$ }
+    { output.state after.block =
+        { add.period$ write$
+          newline$
+          "\newblock " write$
+        }
+        { output.state before.all =
+            'write$
+            { add.period$ " " * write$ }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+    }
+  if$
+  s
+}
+FUNCTION {output}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    'pop$
+    'output.nonnull
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {output.check}
+{ 't :=
+  duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+    'output.nonnull
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {fin.entry}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    'pop$
+    'write$
+  if$
+  newline$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block}
+{ output.state before.all =
+    'skip$
+    { after.block 'output.state := }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {new.sentence}
+{ output.state after.block =
+    'skip$
+    { output.state before.all =
+        'skip$
+        { after.sentence 'output.state := }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {add.blank}
+{  " " * before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {add.colon}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    'skip$
+    { ":" * add.blank }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {date.block}
+{
+  new.block
+}
+
+FUNCTION {not}
+{   { #0 }
+    { #1 }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {and}
+{   'skip$
+    { pop$ #0 }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {or}
+{   { pop$ #1 }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {new.block.checka}
+{ empty$
+    'skip$
+    'new.block
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
+{ empty$
+  swap$ empty$
+  and
+    'skip$
+    'new.block
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {new.sentence.checka}
+{ empty$
+    'skip$
+    'new.sentence
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {new.sentence.checkb}
+{ empty$
+  swap$ empty$
+  and
+    'skip$
+    'new.sentence
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {field.or.null}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "" }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {emphasize}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "" }
+    { "\emph{" swap$ * "}" * }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {bolden}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "" }
+    { "\textbf{" swap$ * "}" * }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {tie.or.space.prefix}
+{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
+    { "~" }
+    { " " }
+  if$
+  swap$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {capitalize}
+{ "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$ }
+
+FUNCTION {space.word}
+{ " " swap$ * " " * }
+ % Here are the language-specific definitions for explicit words.
+ % Each function has a name bbl.xxx where xxx is the English word.
+ % The language selected here is ENGLISH
+FUNCTION {bbl.and}
+{ "and"}
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.etal}
+{ "et~al." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.editors}
+{ "eds." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.editor}
+{ "ed." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.edby}
+{ "edited by" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.edition}
+{ "edn." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.volume}
+{ "vol." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.of}
+{ "of" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.number}
+{ "no." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.nr}
+{ "no." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.in}
+{ "in" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.pages}
+{ "pp." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.page}
+{ "p." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.chapter}
+{ "chap." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.techrep}
+{ "Tech. Rep." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis}
+{ "Master's thesis" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis}
+{ "Ph.D. thesis" }
+
+MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}
+
+MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}
+
+MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}
+
+MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}
+
+MACRO {may} {"May"}
+
+MACRO {jun} {"Jun."}
+
+MACRO {jul} {"Jul."}
+
+MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}
+
+MACRO {sep} {"Sep."}
+
+MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}
+
+MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}
+
+MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}
+
+MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Comput. Surv."}
+
+MACRO {acta} {"Acta Inf."}
+
+MACRO {cacm} {"Commun. ACM"}
+
+MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM J. Res. Dev."}
+
+MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Syst.~J."}
+
+MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Trans. Software Eng."}
+
+MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Trans. Comput."}
+
+MACRO {ieeetcad}
+ {"IEEE Trans. Comput. Aid. Des."}
+
+MACRO {ipl} {"Inf. Process. Lett."}
+
+MACRO {jacm} {"J.~ACM"}
+
+MACRO {jcss} {"J.~Comput. Syst. Sci."}
+
+MACRO {scp} {"Sci. Comput. Program."}
+
+MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM J. Comput."}
+
+MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Trans. Comput. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tods} {"ACM Trans. Database Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tog} {"ACM Trans. Graphic."}
+
+MACRO {toms} {"ACM Trans. Math. Software"}
+
+MACRO {toois} {"ACM Trans. Office Inf. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Trans. Progr. Lang. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tcs} {"Theor. Comput. Sci."}
+
+FUNCTION {bibinfo.check}
+{ swap$
+  duplicate$ missing$
+    {
+      pop$ pop$
+      ""
+    }
+    { duplicate$ empty$
+        {
+          swap$ pop$
+        }
+        { swap$
+          pop$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {bibinfo.warn}
+{ swap$
+  duplicate$ missing$
+    {
+      swap$ "missing " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ pop$
+      ""
+    }
+    { duplicate$ empty$
+        {
+          swap$ "empty " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$
+        }
+        { swap$
+          pop$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.url}
+{ url empty$
+    { "" }
+    { "\urlprefix\url{" url * "}" * }
+  if$
+}
+
+STRINGS  { bibinfo}
+INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }
+
+FUNCTION {format.names}
+{ 'bibinfo :=
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ {
+  's :=
+  "" 't :=
+  #1 'nameptr :=
+  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+  numnames 'namesleft :=
+    { namesleft #0 > }
+    { s nameptr
+      "{vv~}{ll}{ jj}{, f{.}.}"
+      format.name$
+      bibinfo bibinfo.check
+      't :=
+      nameptr #1 >
+        {
+          namesleft #1 >
+            { ", " * t * }
+            {
+              "," *
+              s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
+                { 't := }
+                { pop$ }
+              if$
+              t "others" =
+                {
+                  " " * bbl.etal *
+                }
+                { " " * t * }
+              if$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+        't
+      if$
+      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+    }
+  while$
+  } if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.names.ed}
+{
+  'bibinfo :=
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ {
+  's :=
+  "" 't :=
+  #1 'nameptr :=
+  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+  numnames 'namesleft :=
+    { namesleft #0 > }
+    { s nameptr
+      "{f{.}.~}{vv~}{ll}{ jj}"
+      format.name$
+      bibinfo bibinfo.check
+      't :=
+      nameptr #1 >
+        {
+          namesleft #1 >
+            { ", " * t * }
+            {
+              "," *
+              s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
+                { 't := }
+                { pop$ }
+              if$
+              t "others" =
+                {
+
+                  " " * bbl.etal *
+                }
+                { " " * t * }
+              if$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+        't
+      if$
+      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+    }
+  while$
+  } if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.authors}
+{ author "author" format.names
+}
+FUNCTION {get.bbl.editor}
+{ editor num.names$ #1 > 'bbl.editors 'bbl.editor if$ }
+
+FUNCTION {format.editors}
+{ editor "editor" format.names duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      " " *
+      get.bbl.editor
+   "(" swap$ * ")" *
+      *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.doi}
+{ doi "doi" bibinfo.check
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      new.block
+      "\doi{" swap$ * "}" *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.note}
+{
+ note empty$
+    { "" }
+    { note #1 #1 substring$
+      duplicate$ "{" =
+        'skip$
+        { output.state mid.sentence =
+          { "l" }
+          { "u" }
+        if$
+        change.case$
+        }
+      if$
+      note #2 global.max$ substring$ * "note" bibinfo.check
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.title}
+{ title
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    { "t" change.case$ }
+  if$
+  "title" bibinfo.check
+}
+FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
+{ newline$
+  "\bibitem{" write$
+  cite$ write$
+  "}" write$
+  newline$
+  ""
+  before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {if.digit}
+{ duplicate$ "0" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "1" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "2" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "3" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "4" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "5" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "6" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "7" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "8" =
+  swap$ "9" = or or or or or or or or or
+}
+FUNCTION {n.separate}
+{ 't :=
+  ""
+  #0 'numnames :=
+  { t empty$ not }
+  { t #-1 #1 substring$ if.digit
+      { numnames #1 + 'numnames := }
+      { #0 'numnames := }
+    if$
+    t #-1 #1 substring$ swap$ *
+    t #-2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+    numnames #5 =
+      { duplicate$ #1 #2 substring$ swap$
+        #3 global.max$ substring$
+        "," swap$ * *
+      }
+      'skip$
+    if$
+  }
+  while$
+}
+FUNCTION {n.dashify}
+{
+  n.separate
+  't :=
+  ""
+    { t empty$ not }
+    { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
+        { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
+            { "--" *
+              t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+            }
+            {   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
+                { "-" *
+                  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+                }
+              while$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+        { t #1 #1 substring$ *
+          t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {word.in}
+{ bbl.in capitalize
+  ":" *
+  " " * }
+
+FUNCTION {format.date}
+{
+  ""
+  duplicate$ empty$
+  year  "year"  bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
+    { swap$ 'skip$
+        { "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$ }
+      if$
+      *
+    }
+    { swap$ 'skip$
+        {
+          swap$
+          " " * swap$
+        }
+      if$
+      *
+    }
+  if$
+  duplicate$ empty$
+    'skip$
+    {
+      before.all 'output.state :=
+    " (" swap$ * ")" *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.btitle}
+{ title "title" bibinfo.check
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {either.or.check}
+{ empty$
+    'pop$
+    { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
+{ volume empty$
+    { "" }
+    { bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.prefix
+      "volume" bibinfo.check * *
+      series "series" bibinfo.check
+      duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+        { emphasize ", " * swap$ * }
+      if$
+      "volume and number" number either.or.check
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.number.series}
+{ volume empty$
+    { number empty$
+        { series field.or.null }
+        { series empty$
+            { number "number" bibinfo.check }
+            { output.state mid.sentence =
+                { bbl.number }
+                { bbl.number capitalize }
+              if$
+              number tie.or.space.prefix "number" bibinfo.check * *
+              bbl.in space.word *
+              series "series" bibinfo.check *
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+    { "" }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.edition}
+{ edition duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      output.state mid.sentence =
+        { "l" }
+        { "t" }
+      if$ change.case$
+      "edition" bibinfo.check
+      " " * bbl.edition *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+INTEGERS { multiresult }
+FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
+{ 't :=
+  #0 'multiresult :=
+    { multiresult not
+      t empty$ not
+      and
+    }
+    { t #1 #1 substring$
+      duplicate$ "-" =
+      swap$ duplicate$ "," =
+      swap$ "+" =
+      or or
+        { #1 'multiresult := }
+        { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
+      if$
+    }
+  while$
+  multiresult
+}
+FUNCTION {format.pages}
+{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    { duplicate$ multi.page.check
+        {
+          bbl.pages swap$
+          n.dashify
+        }
+        {
+          bbl.page swap$
+        }
+      if$
+      tie.or.space.prefix
+      "pages" bibinfo.check
+      * *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.journal.pages}
+{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+    { swap$ duplicate$ empty$
+        { pop$ pop$ format.pages }
+        {
+          ", " *
+          swap$
+          n.dashify
+          "pages" bibinfo.check
+          *
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.journal.eid}
+{ eid "eid" bibinfo.check
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+    { swap$ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+      {
+          ", " *
+      }
+      if$
+      swap$ *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
+{ volume field.or.null
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      "volume" bibinfo.check
+    }
+  if$
+  bolden
+  number "number" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      swap$ duplicate$ empty$
+        { "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+      swap$
+      "(" swap$ * ")" *
+    }
+  if$ *
+  eid empty$
+    { format.journal.pages }
+    { format.journal.eid }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
+{ chapter empty$
+    'format.pages
+    { type empty$
+        { bbl.chapter }
+        { type "l" change.case$
+          "type" bibinfo.check
+        }
+      if$
+      chapter tie.or.space.prefix
+      "chapter" bibinfo.check
+      * *
+      pages empty$
+        'skip$
+        { ", " * format.pages * }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.booktitle}
+{
+  booktitle "booktitle" bibinfo.check
+}
+FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
+{ format.booktitle duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      format.bvolume duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+        { ", " swap$ * * }
+      if$
+      editor "editor" format.names.ed duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+        {
+          " " *
+          get.bbl.editor
+          "(" swap$ * ") " *
+          * swap$
+          * }
+      if$
+      word.in swap$ *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {empty.misc.check}
+{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$
+  month empty$ year empty$ note empty$
+  and and and and and
+  key empty$ not and
+    { "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
+{ type duplicate$ empty$
+    'pop$
+    { swap$ pop$
+      "t" change.case$ "type" bibinfo.check
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
+{ number "number" bibinfo.check
+  type duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ bbl.techrep }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+  "type" bibinfo.check
+  swap$ duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "t" change.case$ }
+    { tie.or.space.prefix * * }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
+{
+  key duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$
+      journal duplicate$ empty$
+        { "need key or journal for " cite$ * " to crossref " * crossref * warning$ }
+        { "journal" bibinfo.check emphasize word.in swap$ * }
+      if$
+    }
+    { word.in swap$ * " " *}
+  if$
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+FUNCTION {format.crossref.editor}
+{ editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+  "editor" bibinfo.check
+  editor num.names$ duplicate$
+  #2 >
+    { pop$
+      "editor" bibinfo.check
+      " " * bbl.etal
+      *
+    }
+    { #2 <
+        'skip$
+        { editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
+            {
+              "editor" bibinfo.check
+              " " * bbl.etal
+              *
+            }
+            {
+             bbl.and space.word
+              * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+              "editor" bibinfo.check
+              *
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
+{ volume duplicate$ empty$
+    { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
+      pop$ word.in
+    }
+    { bbl.volume
+      capitalize
+      swap$ tie.or.space.prefix "volume" bibinfo.check * * bbl.of space.word *
+    }
+  if$
+  editor empty$
+  editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
+  or
+    { key empty$
+        { series empty$
+            { "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
+              crossref * warning$
+              "" *
+            }
+            { series emphasize * }
+          if$
+        }
+        { key * }
+      if$
+    }
+    { format.crossref.editor * }
+  if$
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
+{
+  editor empty$
+  editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
+  or
+    { key empty$
+        { format.booktitle duplicate$ empty$
+            { "need editor, key, or booktitle for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
+              crossref * warning$
+            }
+            { word.in swap$ * }
+          if$
+        }
+        { word.in key * " " *}
+      if$
+    }
+    { word.in format.crossref.editor * " " *}
+  if$
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+FUNCTION {format.org.or.pub}
+{ 't :=
+  ""
+  address empty$ t empty$ and
+    'skip$
+    {
+      t empty$
+        { address "address" bibinfo.check *
+        }
+        { t *
+          address empty$
+            'skip$
+            { ", " * address "address" bibinfo.check * }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.publisher.address}
+{ publisher "publisher" bibinfo.warn format.org.or.pub
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.organization.address}
+{ organization "organization" bibinfo.check format.org.or.pub
+}
+
+FUNCTION {article}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.colon
+  new.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  crossref missing$
+    {
+      journal
+      "journal" bibinfo.check
+      "journal" output.check
+      add.blank
+      format.vol.num.pages output
+      format.date "year" output.check
+    }
+    { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {book}
+{ output.bibitem
+  author empty$
+    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+      add.colon
+    }
+    { format.authors output.nonnull
+      add.colon
+      crossref missing$
+        { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  new.block
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.bvolume output
+      format.edition output
+      new.block
+      format.number.series output
+      new.sentence
+      format.publisher.address output
+    }
+    {
+      new.block
+      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+    }
+  if$
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {booklet}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors output
+  add.colon
+  new.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
+  address "address" bibinfo.check output
+  format.date output
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inbook}
+{ output.bibitem
+  author empty$
+    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+      add.colon
+    }
+    { format.authors output.nonnull
+      add.colon
+      crossref missing$
+        { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  new.block
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  crossref missing$
+    {
+      format.bvolume output
+      format.edition output
+      format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+      new.block
+      format.number.series output
+      new.sentence
+      format.publisher.address output
+    }
+    {
+      format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+      new.block
+      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+    }
+  if$
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {incollection}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.colon
+  new.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+      format.number.series output
+      format.edition output
+      format.chapter.pages output
+      new.sentence
+      format.publisher.address output
+      format.date "year" output.check
+    }
+    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.chapter.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {inproceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.colon
+  new.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+      format.number.series output
+      format.pages output
+      new.sentence
+      publisher empty$
+        { format.organization.address output }
+        { organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+          format.publisher.address output
+        }
+      if$
+      format.date "year" output.check
+    }
+    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }
+FUNCTION {manual}
+{ output.bibitem
+  author empty$
+    { organization "organization" bibinfo.check
+      duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+        { output
+          address "address" bibinfo.check output
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+    { format.authors output.nonnull }
+  if$
+  add.colon
+  new.block
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  author empty$
+    { organization empty$
+        {
+          address new.block.checka
+          address "address" bibinfo.check output
+        }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+    }
+    {
+      organization address new.block.checkb
+      organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+      address "address" bibinfo.check output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.edition output
+  format.date output
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.colon
+  new.block
+  format.title
+  "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  bbl.mthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+  school "school" bibinfo.warn output
+  address "address" bibinfo.check output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {misc}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors output
+  add.colon
+  title howpublished new.block.checkb
+  format.title output
+  howpublished new.block.checka
+  howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
+  format.date output
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+  empty.misc.check
+}
+FUNCTION {phdthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.colon
+  new.block
+  format.title
+  "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  bbl.phdthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+  school "school" bibinfo.warn output
+  address "address" bibinfo.check output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {proceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+  editor empty$
+    { organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+    }
+    { format.editors output.nonnull }
+  if$
+  add.colon
+  new.block
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  format.bvolume output
+  format.number.series output
+  editor empty$
+    { publisher empty$
+        'skip$
+        {
+          new.sentence
+          format.publisher.address output
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+    { publisher empty$
+        {
+          new.sentence
+          format.organization.address output }
+        {
+          new.sentence
+          organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+          format.publisher.address output
+        }
+      if$
+     }
+  if$
+      format.date "year" output.check
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {techreport}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.colon
+  new.block
+  format.title
+  "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  format.tr.number output.nonnull
+  institution "institution" bibinfo.warn output
+  address "address" bibinfo.check output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {unpublished}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.colon
+  new.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  format.date output
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note "note" output.check
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }
+READ
+FUNCTION {sortify}
+{ purify$
+  "l" change.case$
+}
+INTEGERS { len }
+FUNCTION {chop.word}
+{ 's :=
+  'len :=
+  s #1 len substring$ =
+    { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
+    's
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {sort.format.names}
+{ 's :=
+  #1 'nameptr :=
+  ""
+  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+  numnames 'namesleft :=
+    { namesleft #0 > }
+    { s nameptr
+      "{ll{ }}{  f{ }}{  jj{ }}"
+      format.name$ 't :=
+      nameptr #1 >
+        {
+          "   "  *
+          namesleft #1 = t "others" = and
+            { "zzzzz" * }
+            { t sortify * }
+          if$
+        }
+        { t sortify * }
+      if$
+      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+    }
+  while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
+{ 't :=
+  "A " #2
+    "An " #3
+      "The " #4 t chop.word
+    chop.word
+  chop.word
+  sortify
+  #1 global.max$ substring$
+}
+FUNCTION {author.sort}
+{ author empty$
+    { key empty$
+        { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
+          ""
+        }
+        { key sortify }
+      if$
+    }
+    { author sort.format.names }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
+{ author empty$
+    { editor empty$
+        { key empty$
+            { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
+              ""
+            }
+            { key sortify }
+          if$
+        }
+        { editor sort.format.names }
+      if$
+    }
+    { author sort.format.names }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {author.organization.sort}
+{ author empty$
+    { organization empty$
+        { key empty$
+            { "to sort, need author, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
+              ""
+            }
+            { key sortify }
+          if$
+        }
+        { "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify }
+      if$
+    }
+    { author sort.format.names }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {editor.organization.sort}
+{ editor empty$
+    { organization empty$
+        { key empty$
+            { "to sort, need editor, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
+              ""
+            }
+            { key sortify }
+          if$
+        }
+        { "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify }
+      if$
+    }
+    { editor sort.format.names }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {presort}
+{ type$ "book" =
+  type$ "inbook" =
+  or
+    'author.editor.sort
+    { type$ "proceedings" =
+        'editor.organization.sort
+        { type$ "manual" =
+            'author.organization.sort
+            'author.sort
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  "    "
+  *
+  year field.or.null sortify
+  *
+  "    "
+  *
+  title field.or.null
+  sort.format.title
+  *
+  #1 entry.max$ substring$
+  'sort.key$ :=
+}
+ITERATE {presort}
+SORT
+STRINGS { longest.label }
+INTEGERS { number.label longest.label.width }
+FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label}
+{ "" 'longest.label :=
+  #1 'number.label :=
+  #0 'longest.label.width :=
+}
+FUNCTION {longest.label.pass}
+{ number.label int.to.str$ 'label :=
+  number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
+  label width$ longest.label.width >
+    { label 'longest.label :=
+      label width$ 'longest.label.width :=
+    }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label}
+ITERATE {longest.label.pass}
+FUNCTION {begin.bib}
+{ preamble$ empty$
+    'skip$
+    { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
+  if$
+  "\begin{thebibliography}{"  longest.label  * "}" *
+  write$ newline$
+  "\providecommand{\url}[1]{{#1}}"
+  write$ newline$
+  "\providecommand{\urlprefix}{URL }"
+  write$ newline$
+  "\expandafter\ifx\csname urlstyle\endcsname\relax"
+  write$ newline$
+  "  \providecommand{\doi}[1]{DOI~\discretionary{}{}{}#1}\else"
+  write$ newline$
+  "  \providecommand{\doi}{DOI~\discretionary{}{}{}\begingroup \urlstyle{rm}\Url}\fi"
+  write$ newline$
+}
+EXECUTE {begin.bib}
+EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
+ITERATE {call.type$}
+FUNCTION {end.bib}
+{ newline$
+  "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
+}
+EXECUTE {end.bib}
+%% End of customized bst file
+%%
+%% End of file `spmpsci.bst'.
+

diff --git a/chapitre-2009/spphys.bst b/chapitre-2009/spphys.bst
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..62acb29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapitre-2009/spphys.bst
@@ -0,0 +1,1442 @@
+%%
+%% This is file `spphys.bst',
+%% generated with the docstrip utility.
+%%
+%% The original source files were:
+%%
+%% merlin.mbs  (with options: `seq-no,vonx,nm-init,ed-au,yr-par,xmth,jtit-x,jttl-rm,thtit-a,vol-bf,volp-com,jpg-1,pgsep-c,num-xser,ser-vol,ser-ed,jnm-x,pub-date,pre-pub,doi,edpar,edby,fin-bare,pp,ed,abr,ord,jabr,xand,url,url-blk,nfss,')
+%% ----------------------------------------
+%%********************************************************************************%%
+%%                                                                                %%
+%% For Springer physics publications. Based on the APS reference style.           %%
+%% Report bugs and improvements to: Joylene Vette-Guillaume or Frank Holzwarth    %%
+%%                                              Springer-Verlag 2004/10/15        %%
+%%                                                                                %%
+%%********************************************************************************%%
+%%
+%% Copyright 1994-2004 Patrick W Daly
+ % ===============================================================
+ % IMPORTANT NOTICE:
+ % This bibliographic style (bst) file has been generated from one or
+ % more master bibliographic style (mbs) files, listed above.
+ %
+ % This generated file can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms
+ % of the LaTeX Project Public License Distributed from CTAN
+ % archives in directory macros/latex/base/lppl.txt; either
+ % version 1 of the License, or any later version.
+ % ===============================================================
+ % Name and version information of the main mbs file:
+ % \ProvidesFile{merlin.mbs}[2004/02/09 4.13 (PWD, AO, DPC)]
+ %   For use with BibTeX version 0.99a or later
+ %-------------------------------------------------------------------
+ % This bibliography style file is intended for texts in ENGLISH
+ % This is a numerical citation style, and as such is standard LaTeX.
+ % It requires no extra package to interface to the main text.
+ % The form of the \bibitem entries is
+ %   \bibitem{key}...
+ % Usage of \cite is as follows:
+ %   \cite{key} ==>>          [#]
+ %   \cite[chap. 2]{key} ==>> [#, chap. 2]
+ % where # is a number determined by the ordering in the reference list.
+ % The order in the reference list is that by which the works were originally
+ %   cited in the text, or that in the database.
+ %---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ENTRY
+  { address
+    author
+    booktitle
+    chapter
+    doi
+    edition
+    editor
+    eid
+    howpublished
+    institution
+    journal
+    key
+    month
+    note
+    number
+    organization
+    pages
+    publisher
+    school
+    series
+    title
+    type
+    url
+    volume
+    year
+  }
+  {}
+  { label }
+INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }
+FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
+{ #0 'before.all :=
+  #1 'mid.sentence :=
+  #2 'after.sentence :=
+  #3 'after.block :=
+}
+STRINGS { s t}
+FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
+{ 's :=
+  output.state mid.sentence =
+    { ", " * write$ }
+    { output.state after.block =
+        { add.period$ write$
+          newline$
+          "\newblock " write$
+        }
+        { output.state before.all =
+            'write$
+            { add.period$ " " * write$ }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+    }
+  if$
+  s
+}
+FUNCTION {output}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    'pop$
+    'output.nonnull
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {output.check}
+{ 't :=
+  duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+    'output.nonnull
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {fin.entry}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    'pop$
+    'write$
+  if$
+  newline$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block}
+{ output.state before.all =
+    'skip$
+    { after.block 'output.state := }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {new.sentence}
+{ output.state after.block =
+    'skip$
+    { output.state before.all =
+        'skip$
+        { after.sentence 'output.state := }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {add.blank}
+{  " " * before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {add.comma}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    'skip$
+    { "," * add.blank }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {date.block}
+{
+  new.block
+}
+
+FUNCTION {not}
+{   { #0 }
+    { #1 }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {and}
+{   'skip$
+    { pop$ #0 }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {or}
+{   { pop$ #1 }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {new.block.checka}
+{ empty$
+    'skip$
+    'new.block
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
+{ empty$
+  swap$ empty$
+  and
+    'skip$
+    'new.block
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {new.sentence.checka}
+{ empty$
+    'skip$
+    'new.sentence
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {new.sentence.checkb}
+{ empty$
+  swap$ empty$
+  and
+    'skip$
+    'new.sentence
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {field.or.null}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "" }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {emphasize}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "" }
+    { "\emph{" swap$ * "}" * }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {bolden}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "" }
+    { "\textbf{" swap$ * "}" * }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {tie.or.space.prefix}
+{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
+    { "~" }
+    { " " }
+  if$
+  swap$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {capitalize}
+{ "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$ }
+
+FUNCTION {space.word}
+{ " " swap$ * " " * }
+ % Here are the language-specific definitions for explicit words.
+ % Each function has a name bbl.xxx where xxx is the English word.
+ % The language selected here is ENGLISH
+FUNCTION {bbl.and}
+{ "and"}
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.etal}
+{ "et~al." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.editors}
+{ "eds." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.editor}
+{ "ed." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.edby}
+{ "ed. by" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.edition}
+{ "edn." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.volume}
+{ "vol." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.of}
+{ "of" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.number}
+{ "no." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.nr}
+{ "no." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.in}
+{ "in" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.pages}
+{ "pp." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.page}
+{ "p." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.chapter}
+{ "chap." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.techrep}
+{ "Tech. Rep." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis}
+{ "Master's thesis" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis}
+{ "Ph.D. thesis" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.first}
+{ "1st" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.second}
+{ "2nd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.third}
+{ "3rd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.fourth}
+{ "4th" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.fifth}
+{ "5th" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.st}
+{ "st" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.nd}
+{ "nd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.rd}
+{ "rd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.th}
+{ "th" }
+
+MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}
+
+MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}
+
+MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}
+
+MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}
+
+MACRO {may} {"May"}
+
+MACRO {jun} {"Jun."}
+
+MACRO {jul} {"Jul."}
+
+MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}
+
+MACRO {sep} {"Sep."}
+
+MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}
+
+MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}
+
+MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}
+
+FUNCTION {eng.ord}
+{ duplicate$ "1" swap$ *
+  #-2 #1 substring$ "1" =
+     { bbl.th * }
+     { duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$
+       duplicate$ "1" =
+         { pop$ bbl.st * }
+         { duplicate$ "2" =
+             { pop$ bbl.nd * }
+             { "3" =
+                 { bbl.rd * }
+                 { bbl.th * }
+               if$
+             }
+           if$
+          }
+       if$
+     }
+   if$
+}
+
+MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Comput. Surv."}
+
+MACRO {acta} {"Acta Inf."}
+
+MACRO {cacm} {"Commun. ACM"}
+
+MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM J. Res. Dev."}
+
+MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Syst.~J."}
+
+MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Trans. Software Eng."}
+
+MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Trans. Comput."}
+
+MACRO {ieeetcad}
+ {"IEEE Trans. Comput. Aid. Des."}
+
+MACRO {ipl} {"Inf. Process. Lett."}
+
+MACRO {jacm} {"J.~ACM"}
+
+MACRO {jcss} {"J.~Comput. Syst. Sci."}
+
+MACRO {scp} {"Sci. Comput. Program."}
+
+MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM J. Comput."}
+
+MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Trans. Comput. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tods} {"ACM Trans. Database Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tog} {"ACM Trans. Graphic."}
+
+MACRO {toms} {"ACM Trans. Math. Software"}
+
+MACRO {toois} {"ACM Trans. Office Inf. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Trans. Progr. Lang. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tcs} {"Theor. Comput. Sci."}
+
+FUNCTION {bibinfo.check}
+{ swap$
+  duplicate$ missing$
+    {
+      pop$ pop$
+      ""
+    }
+    { duplicate$ empty$
+        {
+          swap$ pop$
+        }
+        { swap$
+          pop$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {bibinfo.warn}
+{ swap$
+  duplicate$ missing$
+    {
+      swap$ "missing " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ pop$
+      ""
+    }
+    { duplicate$ empty$
+        {
+          swap$ "empty " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$
+        }
+        { swap$
+          pop$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.url}
+{ url empty$
+    { "" }
+    { "\urlprefix\url{" url * "}" * }
+  if$
+}
+
+STRINGS  { bibinfo}
+INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }
+
+FUNCTION {format.names}
+{ 'bibinfo :=
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ {
+  's :=
+  "" 't :=
+  #1 'nameptr :=
+  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+  numnames 'namesleft :=
+    { namesleft #0 > }
+    { s nameptr
+      "{f{.}.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}"
+      format.name$
+      bibinfo bibinfo.check
+      't :=
+      nameptr #1 >
+        {
+          namesleft #1 >
+            { ", " * t * }
+            {
+              "," *
+              s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
+                { 't := }
+                { pop$ }
+              if$
+              t "others" =
+                {
+                  " " * bbl.etal *
+                }
+                { " " * t * }
+              if$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+        't
+      if$
+      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+    }
+  while$
+  } if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.names.ed}
+{
+  format.names
+}
+FUNCTION {format.authors}
+{ author "author" format.names
+}
+FUNCTION {get.bbl.editor}
+{ editor num.names$ #1 > 'bbl.editors 'bbl.editor if$ }
+
+FUNCTION {format.editors}
+{ editor "editor" format.names duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      " " *
+      get.bbl.editor
+   "(" swap$ * ")" *
+      *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.doi}
+{ doi "doi" bibinfo.check
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      new.block
+      "\doi{" swap$ * "}" *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.note}
+{
+ note empty$
+    { "" }
+    { note #1 #1 substring$
+      duplicate$ "{" =
+        'skip$
+        { output.state mid.sentence =
+          { "l" }
+          { "u" }
+        if$
+        change.case$
+        }
+      if$
+      note #2 global.max$ substring$ * "note" bibinfo.check
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.title}
+{ title
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    { "t" change.case$ }
+  if$
+  "title" bibinfo.check
+}
+FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
+{ newline$
+  "\bibitem{" write$
+  cite$ write$
+  "}" write$
+  newline$
+  ""
+  before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {if.digit}
+{ duplicate$ "0" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "1" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "2" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "3" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "4" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "5" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "6" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "7" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "8" =
+  swap$ "9" = or or or or or or or or or
+}
+FUNCTION {n.separate}
+{ 't :=
+  ""
+  #0 'numnames :=
+  { t empty$ not }
+  { t #-1 #1 substring$ if.digit
+      { numnames #1 + 'numnames := }
+      { #0 'numnames := }
+    if$
+    t #-1 #1 substring$ swap$ *
+    t #-2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+    numnames #5 =
+      { duplicate$ #1 #2 substring$ swap$
+        #3 global.max$ substring$
+        "," swap$ * *
+      }
+      'skip$
+    if$
+  }
+  while$
+}
+FUNCTION {n.dashify}
+{
+  n.separate
+  't :=
+  ""
+    { t empty$ not }
+    { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
+        { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
+            { "--" *
+              t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+            }
+            {   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
+                { "-" *
+                  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+                }
+              while$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+        { t #1 #1 substring$ *
+          t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {word.in}
+{ bbl.in
+  " " * }
+
+FUNCTION {format.date}
+{
+  ""
+  duplicate$ empty$
+  year  "year"  bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
+    { swap$ 'skip$
+        { "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$ }
+      if$
+      *
+    }
+    { swap$ 'skip$
+        {
+          swap$
+          " " * swap$
+        }
+      if$
+      *
+    }
+  if$
+  duplicate$ empty$
+    'skip$
+    {
+      before.all 'output.state :=
+    " (" swap$ * ")" *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.btitle}
+{ title "title" bibinfo.check
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      emphasize
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {either.or.check}
+{ empty$
+    'pop$
+    { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
+{ volume empty$
+    { "" }
+    { bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.prefix
+      "volume" bibinfo.check * *
+      series "series" bibinfo.check
+      duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+        { emphasize ", " * swap$ * }
+      if$
+      "volume and number" number either.or.check
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.number.series}
+{ volume empty$
+    { number empty$
+        { series field.or.null }
+        { series empty$
+            { number "number" bibinfo.check }
+            { output.state mid.sentence =
+                { bbl.number }
+                { bbl.number capitalize }
+              if$
+              number tie.or.space.prefix "number" bibinfo.check * *
+              bbl.in space.word *
+              series "series" bibinfo.check *
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+    { "" }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {is.num}
+{ chr.to.int$
+  duplicate$ "0" chr.to.int$ < not
+  swap$ "9" chr.to.int$ > not and
+}
+
+FUNCTION {extract.num}
+{ duplicate$ 't :=
+  "" 's :=
+  { t empty$ not }
+  { t #1 #1 substring$
+    t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+    duplicate$ is.num
+      { s swap$ * 's := }
+      { pop$ "" 't := }
+    if$
+  }
+  while$
+  s empty$
+    'skip$
+    { pop$ s }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {convert.edition}
+{ extract.num "l" change.case$ 's :=
+  s "first" = s "1" = or
+    { bbl.first 't := }
+    { s "second" = s "2" = or
+        { bbl.second 't := }
+        { s "third" = s "3" = or
+            { bbl.third 't := }
+            { s "fourth" = s "4" = or
+                { bbl.fourth 't := }
+                { s "fifth" = s "5" = or
+                    { bbl.fifth 't := }
+                    { s #1 #1 substring$ is.num
+                        { s eng.ord 't := }
+                        { edition 't := }
+                      if$
+                    }
+                  if$
+                }
+              if$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  t
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.edition}
+{ edition duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      convert.edition
+      output.state mid.sentence =
+        { "l" }
+        { "t" }
+      if$ change.case$
+      "edition" bibinfo.check
+      " " * bbl.edition *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+INTEGERS { multiresult }
+FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
+{ 't :=
+  #0 'multiresult :=
+    { multiresult not
+      t empty$ not
+      and
+    }
+    { t #1 #1 substring$
+      duplicate$ "-" =
+      swap$ duplicate$ "," =
+      swap$ "+" =
+      or or
+        { #1 'multiresult := }
+        { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
+      if$
+    }
+  while$
+  multiresult
+}
+FUNCTION {format.pages}
+{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    { duplicate$ multi.page.check
+        {
+          bbl.pages swap$
+          n.dashify
+        }
+        {
+          bbl.page swap$
+        }
+      if$
+      tie.or.space.prefix
+      "pages" bibinfo.check
+      * *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {first.page}
+{ 't :=
+  ""
+    {  t empty$ not t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = not and }
+    { t #1 #1 substring$ *
+      t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+    }
+  while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.journal.pages}
+{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+    { swap$ duplicate$ empty$
+        { pop$ pop$ format.pages }
+        {
+          ", " *
+          swap$
+          first.page
+          "pages" bibinfo.check
+          *
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.journal.eid}
+{ eid "eid" bibinfo.check
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+    { swap$ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+      {
+          ", " *
+      }
+      if$
+      swap$ *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
+{ volume field.or.null
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      "volume" bibinfo.check
+    }
+  if$
+  bolden
+  number "number" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      swap$ duplicate$ empty$
+        { "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+      swap$
+      "(" swap$ * ")" *
+    }
+  if$ *
+  eid empty$
+    { format.journal.pages }
+    { format.journal.eid }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
+{ chapter empty$
+    'format.pages
+    { type empty$
+        { bbl.chapter }
+        { type "l" change.case$
+          "type" bibinfo.check
+        }
+      if$
+      chapter tie.or.space.prefix
+      "chapter" bibinfo.check
+      * *
+      pages empty$
+        'skip$
+        { ", " * format.pages * }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.booktitle}
+{
+  booktitle "booktitle" bibinfo.check
+  emphasize
+}
+FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
+{ format.booktitle duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      format.bvolume duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+        { ", " swap$ * * }
+      if$
+      editor "editor" format.names.ed duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+        {
+          bbl.edby
+          " " * swap$ *
+          swap$
+          "," *
+          " " * swap$
+          * }
+      if$
+      word.in swap$ *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {empty.misc.check}
+{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$
+  month empty$ year empty$ note empty$
+  and and and and and
+    { "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
+{ type duplicate$ empty$
+    'pop$
+    { swap$ pop$
+      "t" change.case$ "type" bibinfo.check
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
+{ number "number" bibinfo.check
+  type duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ bbl.techrep }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+  "type" bibinfo.check
+  swap$ duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "t" change.case$ }
+    { tie.or.space.prefix * * }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
+{
+  key duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$
+      journal duplicate$ empty$
+        { "need key or journal for " cite$ * " to crossref " * crossref * warning$ }
+        { "journal" bibinfo.check emphasize word.in swap$ * }
+      if$
+    }
+    { word.in swap$ * " " *}
+  if$
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+FUNCTION {format.crossref.editor}
+{ editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+  "editor" bibinfo.check
+  editor num.names$ duplicate$
+  #2 >
+    { pop$
+      "editor" bibinfo.check
+      " " * bbl.etal
+      *
+    }
+    { #2 <
+        'skip$
+        { editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
+            {
+              "editor" bibinfo.check
+              " " * bbl.etal
+              *
+            }
+            {
+             bbl.and space.word
+              * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+              "editor" bibinfo.check
+              *
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
+{ volume duplicate$ empty$
+    { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
+      pop$ word.in
+    }
+    { bbl.volume
+      capitalize
+      swap$ tie.or.space.prefix "volume" bibinfo.check * * bbl.of space.word *
+    }
+  if$
+  editor empty$
+  editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
+  or
+    { key empty$
+        { series empty$
+            { "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
+              crossref * warning$
+              "" *
+            }
+            { series emphasize * }
+          if$
+        }
+        { key * }
+      if$
+    }
+    { format.crossref.editor * }
+  if$
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
+{
+  editor empty$
+  editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
+  or
+    { key empty$
+        { format.booktitle duplicate$ empty$
+            { "need editor, key, or booktitle for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
+              crossref * warning$
+            }
+            { word.in swap$ * }
+          if$
+        }
+        { word.in key * " " *}
+      if$
+    }
+    { word.in format.crossref.editor * " " *}
+  if$
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+FUNCTION {format.org.or.pub}
+{ 't :=
+  ""
+  year empty$
+    { "empty year in " cite$ * warning$ }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+  address empty$ t empty$ and
+  year empty$ and
+    'skip$
+    {
+      add.blank "(" *
+      t empty$
+        { address "address" bibinfo.check *
+        }
+        { t *
+          address empty$
+            'skip$
+            { ", " * address "address" bibinfo.check * }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+      year empty$
+        'skip$
+        { t empty$ address empty$ and
+            'skip$
+            { ", " * }
+          if$
+          year "year" bibinfo.check
+          *
+        }
+      if$
+      ")" *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.publisher.address}
+{ publisher "publisher" bibinfo.warn format.org.or.pub
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.organization.address}
+{ organization "organization" bibinfo.check format.org.or.pub
+}
+
+FUNCTION {article}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.comma
+  crossref missing$
+    {
+      journal
+      "journal" bibinfo.check
+      "journal" output.check
+      add.blank
+      format.vol.num.pages output
+      format.date "year" output.check
+    }
+    { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {book}
+{ output.bibitem
+  author empty$
+    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+    }
+    { format.authors output.nonnull
+      crossref missing$
+        { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  add.comma
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.bvolume output
+      format.edition output
+      new.block
+      format.number.series output
+      new.sentence
+      format.publisher.address output
+    }
+    {
+      new.block
+      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.date "year" output.check
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {booklet}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors output
+  add.comma
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
+  address "address" bibinfo.check output
+  format.date output
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inbook}
+{ output.bibitem
+  author empty$
+    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+    }
+    { format.authors output.nonnull
+      crossref missing$
+        { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  add.comma
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  crossref missing$
+    {
+      format.publisher.address output
+      format.bvolume output
+      format.edition output
+      format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+      new.block
+      format.number.series output
+      new.sentence
+    }
+    {
+      format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+      new.block
+      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.date "year" output.check
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {incollection}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.comma
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+      format.edition output
+      format.number.series output
+      format.publisher.address output
+      format.chapter.pages output
+      new.sentence
+    }
+    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.chapter.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {inproceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.comma
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+      new.sentence
+      publisher empty$
+        { format.organization.address output }
+        { organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+          format.publisher.address output
+        }
+      if$
+      format.bvolume output
+      format.number.series output
+      format.pages output
+    }
+    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }
+FUNCTION {manual}
+{ output.bibitem
+  author empty$
+    { organization "organization" bibinfo.check
+      duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+        { output
+          address "address" bibinfo.check output
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+    { format.authors output.nonnull }
+  if$
+  add.comma
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  author empty$
+    { organization empty$
+        {
+          address new.block.checka
+          address "address" bibinfo.check output
+        }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+    }
+    {
+      organization address new.block.checkb
+      organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+      address "address" bibinfo.check output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.edition output
+  format.date output
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.comma
+  format.title
+  "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  bbl.mthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+  school "school" bibinfo.warn output
+  address "address" bibinfo.check output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {misc}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors output
+  title howpublished new.block.checkb
+  format.title output
+  howpublished new.block.checka
+  howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
+  format.date output
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+  empty.misc.check
+}
+FUNCTION {phdthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.comma
+  format.title
+  "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  bbl.phdthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+  school "school" bibinfo.warn output
+  address "address" bibinfo.check output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {proceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+  editor empty$
+    { organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+    }
+    { format.editors output.nonnull }
+  if$
+  new.block
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  format.bvolume output
+  format.number.series output
+  editor empty$
+    { publisher empty$
+        'skip$
+        {
+          new.sentence
+          format.publisher.address output
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+    { publisher empty$
+        {
+          new.sentence
+          format.organization.address output }
+        {
+          new.sentence
+          organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+          format.publisher.address output
+        }
+      if$
+     }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {techreport}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.comma
+  format.title
+  "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  format.tr.number output.nonnull
+  institution "institution" bibinfo.warn output
+  address "address" bibinfo.check output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {unpublished}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.comma
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  format.date output
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note "note" output.check
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }
+READ
+STRINGS { longest.label }
+INTEGERS { number.label longest.label.width }
+FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label}
+{ "" 'longest.label :=
+  #1 'number.label :=
+  #0 'longest.label.width :=
+}
+FUNCTION {longest.label.pass}
+{ number.label int.to.str$ 'label :=
+  number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
+  label width$ longest.label.width >
+    { label 'longest.label :=
+      label width$ 'longest.label.width :=
+    }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label}
+ITERATE {longest.label.pass}
+FUNCTION {begin.bib}
+{ preamble$ empty$
+    'skip$
+    { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
+  if$
+  "\begin{thebibliography}{"  longest.label  * "}" *
+  write$ newline$
+  "\providecommand{\url}[1]{{#1}}"
+  write$ newline$
+  "\providecommand{\urlprefix}{URL }"
+  write$ newline$
+  "\expandafter\ifx\csname urlstyle\endcsname\relax"
+  write$ newline$
+  "  \providecommand{\doi}[1]{DOI \discretionary{}{}{}#1}\else"
+  write$ newline$
+  "  \providecommand{\doi}{DOI \discretionary{}{}{}\begingroup \urlstyle{rm}\Url}\fi"
+  write$ newline$
+}
+EXECUTE {begin.bib}
+EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
+ITERATE {call.type$}
+FUNCTION {end.bib}
+{ newline$
+  "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
+}
+EXECUTE {end.bib}
+%% End of customized bst file
+%%
+%% End of file `spphys.bst'.
+

diff --git a/chapitre-2009/styles/spbasic.bst b/chapitre-2009/styles/spbasic.bst
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..4b879b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapitre-2009/styles/spbasic.bst
@@ -0,0 +1,1659 @@
+%%
+%% This is file `spbasic.bst',
+%% generated with the docstrip utility.
+%%
+%% The original source files were:
+%%
+%% merlin.mbs  (with options: `ay,nat,seq-lab,vonx,nm-rvx,ed-rev,jnrlst,dt-beg,yr-par,yrp-x,yrpp-xsp,note-yr,jxper,jttl-rm,thtit-a,pgsep-c,num-xser,ser-vol,jnm-x,btit-rm,bt-rm,pre-pub,doi,edparxc,blk-tit,in-col,fin-bare,pp,ed,abr,mth-bare,ord,jabr,xand,eprint,url,url-blk,em-x,nfss,')
+%% ----------------------------------------
+%%
+%%********************************************************************************%%
+%%                                                                                %%
+%% For Springer medical, life sciences, chemistry, geology, engineering and       %%
+%%   computer science publications.                                               %%
+%% For use with the natbib package (see below). Default is author-year citations. %%
+%%   When citations are numbered, please use \usepackage[numbers]{natbib}.        %%
+%% A lack of punctuation is the key feature. Springer-Verlag 2004/10/15           %%
+%% Report bugs and improvements to: Joylene Vette-Guillaume or Frank Holzwarth    %%
+%%                                                                                %%
+%%********************************************************************************%%
+%%
+%% Copyright 1994-2004 Patrick W Daly
+ % ===============================================================
+ % IMPORTANT NOTICE:
+ % This bibliographic style (bst) file has been generated from one or
+ % more master bibliographic style (mbs) files, listed above.
+ %
+ % This generated file can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms
+ % of the LaTeX Project Public License Distributed from CTAN
+ % archives in directory macros/latex/base/lppl.txt; either
+ % version 1 of the License, or any later version.
+ % ===============================================================
+ % Name and version information of the main mbs file:
+ % \ProvidesFile{merlin.mbs}[2004/02/09 4.13 (PWD, AO, DPC)]
+ %   For use with BibTeX version 0.99a or later
+ %-------------------------------------------------------------------
+ % This bibliography style file is intended for texts in ENGLISH
+ % This is an author-year citation style bibliography. As such, it is
+ % non-standard LaTeX, and requires a special package file to function properly.
+ % Such a package is    natbib.sty   by Patrick W. Daly
+ % The form of the \bibitem entries is
+ %   \bibitem[Jones et al.(1990)]{key}...
+ %   \bibitem[Jones et al.(1990)Jones, Baker, and Smith]{key}...
+ % The essential feature is that the label (the part in brackets) consists
+ % of the author names, as they should appear in the citation, with the year
+ % in parentheses following. There must be no space before the opening
+ % parenthesis!
+ % With natbib v5.3, a full list of authors may also follow the year.
+ % In natbib.sty, it is possible to define the type of enclosures that is
+ % really wanted (brackets or parentheses), but in either case, there must
+ % be parentheses in the label.
+ % The \cite command functions as follows:
+ %   \citet{key} ==>>                Jones et al. (1990)
+ %   \citet*{key} ==>>               Jones, Baker, and Smith (1990)
+ %   \citep{key} ==>>                (Jones et al., 1990)
+ %   \citep*{key} ==>>               (Jones, Baker, and Smith, 1990)
+ %   \citep[chap. 2]{key} ==>>       (Jones et al., 1990, chap. 2)
+ %   \citep[e.g.][]{key} ==>>        (e.g. Jones et al., 1990)
+ %   \citep[e.g.][p. 32]{key} ==>>   (e.g. Jones et al., p. 32)
+ %   \citeauthor{key} ==>>           Jones et al.
+ %   \citeauthor*{key} ==>>          Jones, Baker, and Smith
+ %   \citeyear{key} ==>>             1990
+ %---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ENTRY
+  { address
+    archive
+    author
+    booktitle
+    chapter
+    doi
+    edition
+    editor
+    eid
+    eprint
+    howpublished
+    institution
+    journal
+    key
+    month
+    note
+    number
+    organization
+    pages
+    publisher
+    school
+    series
+    title
+    type
+    url
+    volume
+    year
+  }
+  {}
+  { label extra.label sort.label short.list }
+INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }
+FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
+{ #0 'before.all :=
+  #1 'mid.sentence :=
+  #2 'after.sentence :=
+  #3 'after.block :=
+}
+STRINGS { s t}
+FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
+{ 's :=
+  output.state mid.sentence =
+    { ", " * write$ }
+    { output.state after.block =
+        { add.period$ write$
+          newline$
+          "\newblock " write$
+        }
+        { output.state before.all =
+            'write$
+            { add.period$ " " * write$ }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+    }
+  if$
+  s
+}
+FUNCTION {output}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    'pop$
+    'output.nonnull
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {output.check}
+{ 't :=
+  duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+    'output.nonnull
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {fin.entry}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    'pop$
+    'write$
+  if$
+  newline$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block}
+{ output.state before.all =
+    'skip$
+    { after.block 'output.state := }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {new.sentence}
+{ output.state after.block =
+    'skip$
+    { output.state before.all =
+        'skip$
+        { after.sentence 'output.state := }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {add.blank}
+{  " " * before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {no.blank.or.punct}
+{  "\hspace{0pt}" * before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {date.block}
+{
+    add.blank
+}
+
+FUNCTION {not}
+{   { #0 }
+    { #1 }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {and}
+{   'skip$
+    { pop$ #0 }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {or}
+{   { pop$ #1 }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+STRINGS {z}
+FUNCTION {remove.dots}
+{ 'z :=
+  ""
+  { z empty$ not }
+  { z #1 #1 substring$
+    z #2 global.max$ substring$ 'z :=
+    duplicate$ "." = 'pop$
+      { * }
+    if$
+  }
+  while$
+}
+FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
+{ empty$
+  swap$ empty$
+  and
+    'skip$
+    'new.block
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {field.or.null}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "" }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {emphasize}
+{ skip$ }
+FUNCTION {tie.or.space.prefix}
+{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
+    { "~" }
+    { " " }
+  if$
+  swap$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {capitalize}
+{ "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$ }
+
+FUNCTION {space.word}
+{ " " swap$ * " " * }
+ % Here are the language-specific definitions for explicit words.
+ % Each function has a name bbl.xxx where xxx is the English word.
+ % The language selected here is ENGLISH
+FUNCTION {bbl.and}
+{ "and"}
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.etal}
+{ "et~al" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.editors}
+{ "eds" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.editor}
+{ "ed" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.edby}
+{ "edited by" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.edition}
+{ "edn" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.volume}
+{ "vol" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.of}
+{ "of" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.number}
+{ "no." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.nr}
+{ "no." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.in}
+{ "in" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.pages}
+{ "pp" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.page}
+{ "p" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.chapter}
+{ "chap" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.techrep}
+{ "Tech. Rep." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis}
+{ "Master's thesis" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis}
+{ "PhD thesis" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.first}
+{ "1st" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.second}
+{ "2nd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.third}
+{ "3rd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.fourth}
+{ "4th" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.fifth}
+{ "5th" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.st}
+{ "st" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.nd}
+{ "nd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.rd}
+{ "rd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.th}
+{ "th" }
+
+MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}
+
+MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}
+
+MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}
+
+MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}
+
+MACRO {may} {"May"}
+
+MACRO {jun} {"Jun."}
+
+MACRO {jul} {"Jul."}
+
+MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}
+
+MACRO {sep} {"Sep."}
+
+MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}
+
+MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}
+
+MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}
+
+FUNCTION {eng.ord}
+{ duplicate$ "1" swap$ *
+  #-2 #1 substring$ "1" =
+     { bbl.th * }
+     { duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$
+       duplicate$ "1" =
+         { pop$ bbl.st * }
+         { duplicate$ "2" =
+             { pop$ bbl.nd * }
+             { "3" =
+                 { bbl.rd * }
+                 { bbl.th * }
+               if$
+             }
+           if$
+          }
+       if$
+     }
+   if$
+}
+
+MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Comput Surv"}
+
+MACRO {acta} {"Acta Inf"}
+
+MACRO {cacm} {"Commun ACM"}
+
+MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM~J~Res Dev"}
+
+MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Syst~J"}
+
+MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Trans Softw Eng"}
+
+MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Trans Comput"}
+
+MACRO {ieeetcad}
+ {"IEEE Trans Comput Aid Des"}
+
+MACRO {ipl} {"Inf Process Lett"}
+
+MACRO {jacm} {"J~ACM"}
+
+MACRO {jcss} {"J~Comput Syst Sci"}
+
+MACRO {scp} {"Sci Comput Program"}
+
+MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM J~Comput"}
+
+MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Trans Comput Syst"}
+
+MACRO {tods} {"ACM Trans Database Syst"}
+
+MACRO {tog} {"ACM Trans Graphic"}
+
+MACRO {toms} {"ACM Trans Math Softw"}
+
+MACRO {toois} {"ACM Trans Office Inf Syst"}
+
+MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Trans Program Lang Syst"}
+
+MACRO {tcs} {"Theor Comput Sci"}
+
+FUNCTION {bibinfo.check}
+{ swap$
+  duplicate$ missing$
+    {
+      pop$ pop$
+      ""
+    }
+    { duplicate$ empty$
+        {
+          swap$ pop$
+        }
+        { swap$
+          pop$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {bibinfo.warn}
+{ swap$
+  duplicate$ missing$
+    {
+      swap$ "missing " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ pop$
+      ""
+    }
+    { duplicate$ empty$
+        {
+          swap$ "empty " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$
+        }
+        { swap$
+          pop$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.eprint}
+{ eprint duplicate$ empty$
+    'skip$
+    { "\eprint"
+      archive empty$
+        'skip$
+        { "[" * archive * "]" * }
+      if$
+      "{" * swap$ * "}" *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.url}
+{ url empty$
+    { "" }
+    { "\urlprefix\url{" url * "}" * }
+  if$
+}
+
+STRINGS  { bibinfo}
+INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }
+
+FUNCTION {format.names}
+{ 'bibinfo :=
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ {
+  's :=
+  "" 't :=
+  #1 'nameptr :=
+  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+  numnames 'namesleft :=
+    { namesleft #0 > }
+    { s nameptr
+      "{vv~}{ll}{ f{}}{ jj}"
+      format.name$
+      remove.dots
+      bibinfo bibinfo.check
+      't :=
+      nameptr #1 >
+        {
+          namesleft #1 >
+            { ", " * t * }
+            {
+              "," *
+              s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
+                { 't := }
+                { pop$ }
+              if$
+              t "others" =
+                {
+                  " " * bbl.etal *
+                }
+                { " " * t * }
+              if$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+        't
+      if$
+      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+    }
+  while$
+  } if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.names.ed}
+{
+  format.names
+}
+FUNCTION {format.key}
+{ empty$
+    { key field.or.null }
+    { "" }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.authors}
+{ author "author" format.names
+}
+FUNCTION {get.bbl.editor}
+{ editor num.names$ #1 > 'bbl.editors 'bbl.editor if$ }
+
+FUNCTION {format.editors}
+{ editor "editor" format.names duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      " " *
+      get.bbl.editor
+   "(" swap$ * ")" *
+      *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.doi}
+{ doi "doi" bibinfo.check
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      "\doi{" swap$ * "}" *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.note}
+{
+ note empty$
+    { "" }
+    { note #1 #1 substring$
+      duplicate$ "{" =
+        'skip$
+        { output.state mid.sentence =
+          { "l" }
+          { "u" }
+        if$
+        change.case$
+        }
+      if$
+      note #2 global.max$ substring$ * "note" bibinfo.check
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.title}
+{ title
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    { "t" change.case$ }
+  if$
+  "title" bibinfo.check
+}
+FUNCTION {format.full.names}
+{'s :=
+ "" 't :=
+  #1 'nameptr :=
+  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+  numnames 'namesleft :=
+    { namesleft #0 > }
+    { s nameptr
+      "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+      't :=
+      nameptr #1 >
+        {
+          namesleft #1 >
+            { ", " * t * }
+            {
+              s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
+                { 't := }
+                { pop$ }
+              if$
+              t "others" =
+                {
+                  " " * bbl.etal *
+                }
+                {
+                  numnames #2 >
+                    { "," * }
+                    'skip$
+                  if$
+                  bbl.and
+                  space.word * t *
+                }
+              if$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+        't
+      if$
+      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+    }
+  while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.editor.key.full}
+{ author empty$
+    { editor empty$
+        { key empty$
+            { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+            'key
+          if$
+        }
+        { editor format.full.names }
+      if$
+    }
+    { author format.full.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.key.full}
+{ author empty$
+    { key empty$
+         { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+          'key
+      if$
+    }
+    { author format.full.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {editor.key.full}
+{ editor empty$
+    { key empty$
+         { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+          'key
+      if$
+    }
+    { editor format.full.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {make.full.names}
+{ type$ "book" =
+  type$ "inbook" =
+  or
+    'author.editor.key.full
+    { type$ "proceedings" =
+        'editor.key.full
+        'author.key.full
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
+{ newline$
+  "\bibitem[{" write$
+  label write$
+  ")" make.full.names duplicate$ short.list =
+     { pop$ }
+     { * }
+   if$
+  "}]{" * write$
+  cite$ write$
+  "}" write$
+  newline$
+  ""
+  before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {add.period}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    'skip$
+    { "." * add.blank }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {if.digit}
+{ duplicate$ "0" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "1" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "2" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "3" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "4" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "5" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "6" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "7" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "8" =
+  swap$ "9" = or or or or or or or or or
+}
+FUNCTION {n.separate}
+{ 't :=
+  ""
+  #0 'numnames :=
+  { t empty$ not }
+  { t #-1 #1 substring$ if.digit
+      { numnames #1 + 'numnames := }
+      { #0 'numnames := }
+    if$
+    t #-1 #1 substring$ swap$ *
+    t #-2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+    numnames #5 =
+      { duplicate$ #1 #2 substring$ swap$
+        #3 global.max$ substring$
+        "," swap$ * *
+      }
+      'skip$
+    if$
+  }
+  while$
+}
+FUNCTION {n.dashify}
+{
+  n.separate
+  't :=
+  ""
+    { t empty$ not }
+    { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
+        { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
+            { "--" *
+              t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+            }
+            {   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
+                { "-" *
+                  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+                }
+              while$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+        { t #1 #1 substring$ *
+          t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {word.in}
+{ bbl.in capitalize
+  ":" *
+  " " * }
+
+FUNCTION {format.date}
+{ year "year" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
+    {
+      "empty year in " cite$ * "; set to ????" * warning$
+       pop$ "????"
+    }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+  extra.label *
+  before.all 'output.state :=
+  " (" swap$ * ")" *
+}
+FUNCTION {format.btitle}
+{ title "title" bibinfo.check
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {either.or.check}
+{ empty$
+    'pop$
+    { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
+{ volume empty$
+    { "" }
+    { bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.prefix
+      "volume" bibinfo.check * *
+      series "series" bibinfo.check
+      duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+        { emphasize ", " * swap$ * }
+      if$
+      "volume and number" number either.or.check
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.number.series}
+{ volume empty$
+    { number empty$
+        { series field.or.null }
+        { series empty$
+            { number "number" bibinfo.check }
+            { output.state mid.sentence =
+                { bbl.number }
+                { bbl.number capitalize }
+              if$
+              number tie.or.space.prefix "number" bibinfo.check * *
+              bbl.in space.word *
+              series "series" bibinfo.check *
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+    { "" }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {is.num}
+{ chr.to.int$
+  duplicate$ "0" chr.to.int$ < not
+  swap$ "9" chr.to.int$ > not and
+}
+
+FUNCTION {extract.num}
+{ duplicate$ 't :=
+  "" 's :=
+  { t empty$ not }
+  { t #1 #1 substring$
+    t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+    duplicate$ is.num
+      { s swap$ * 's := }
+      { pop$ "" 't := }
+    if$
+  }
+  while$
+  s empty$
+    'skip$
+    { pop$ s }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {convert.edition}
+{ extract.num "l" change.case$ 's :=
+  s "first" = s "1" = or
+    { bbl.first 't := }
+    { s "second" = s "2" = or
+        { bbl.second 't := }
+        { s "third" = s "3" = or
+            { bbl.third 't := }
+            { s "fourth" = s "4" = or
+                { bbl.fourth 't := }
+                { s "fifth" = s "5" = or
+                    { bbl.fifth 't := }
+                    { s #1 #1 substring$ is.num
+                        { s eng.ord 't := }
+                        { edition 't := }
+                      if$
+                    }
+                  if$
+                }
+              if$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  t
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.edition}
+{ edition duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      convert.edition
+      output.state mid.sentence =
+        { "l" }
+        { "t" }
+      if$ change.case$
+      "edition" bibinfo.check
+      " " * bbl.edition *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+INTEGERS { multiresult }
+FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
+{ 't :=
+  #0 'multiresult :=
+    { multiresult not
+      t empty$ not
+      and
+    }
+    { t #1 #1 substring$
+      duplicate$ "-" =
+      swap$ duplicate$ "," =
+      swap$ "+" =
+      or or
+        { #1 'multiresult := }
+        { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
+      if$
+    }
+  while$
+  multiresult
+}
+FUNCTION {format.pages}
+{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    { duplicate$ multi.page.check
+        {
+          bbl.pages swap$
+          n.dashify
+        }
+        {
+          bbl.page swap$
+        }
+      if$
+      tie.or.space.prefix
+      "pages" bibinfo.check
+      * *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.journal.pages}
+{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+    { swap$ duplicate$ empty$
+        { pop$ pop$ format.pages }
+        {
+          ":" *
+          swap$
+          n.dashify
+          "pages" bibinfo.check
+          *
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.journal.eid}
+{ eid "eid" bibinfo.check
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+    { swap$ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+      {
+          ":" *
+      }
+      if$
+      swap$ *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
+{ volume field.or.null
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      "volume" bibinfo.check
+    }
+  if$
+  number "number" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      swap$ duplicate$ empty$
+        { "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+      swap$
+      "(" swap$ * ")" *
+    }
+  if$ *
+  eid empty$
+    { format.journal.pages }
+    { format.journal.eid }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
+{ chapter empty$
+    'format.pages
+    { type empty$
+        { bbl.chapter }
+        { type "l" change.case$
+          "type" bibinfo.check
+        }
+      if$
+      chapter tie.or.space.prefix
+      "chapter" bibinfo.check
+      * *
+      pages empty$
+        'skip$
+        { ", " * format.pages * }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.booktitle}
+{
+  booktitle "booktitle" bibinfo.check
+}
+FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
+{ format.booktitle duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      editor "editor" format.names.ed duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+        {
+          " " *
+          get.bbl.editor
+          "(" swap$ * ") " *
+          * swap$
+          * }
+      if$
+      word.in swap$ *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
+{ type duplicate$ empty$
+    'pop$
+    { swap$ pop$
+      "t" change.case$ "type" bibinfo.check
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
+{ number "number" bibinfo.check
+  type duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ bbl.techrep }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+  "type" bibinfo.check
+  swap$ duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "t" change.case$ }
+    { tie.or.space.prefix * * }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
+{
+  word.in
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
+{ volume duplicate$ empty$
+    { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
+      pop$ word.in
+    }
+    { bbl.volume
+      capitalize
+      swap$ tie.or.space.prefix "volume" bibinfo.check * * bbl.of space.word *
+    }
+  if$
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
+{
+  word.in
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+FUNCTION {format.org.or.pub}
+{ 't :=
+  ""
+  address empty$ t empty$ and
+    'skip$
+    {
+      t empty$
+        { address "address" bibinfo.check *
+        }
+        { t *
+          address empty$
+            'skip$
+            { ", " * address "address" bibinfo.check * }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.publisher.address}
+{ publisher "publisher" bibinfo.warn format.org.or.pub
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.organization.address}
+{ organization "organization" bibinfo.check format.org.or.pub
+}
+
+FUNCTION {article}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  author format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.sentence
+  crossref missing$
+    {
+      journal
+      remove.dots
+      "journal" bibinfo.check
+      "journal" output.check
+      add.blank
+      format.vol.num.pages output
+    }
+    { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  format.url output
+  format.note output
+  format.eprint output
+  fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {book}
+{ output.bibitem
+  author empty$
+    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+      editor format.key output
+      add.blank
+    }
+    { format.authors output.nonnull
+      crossref missing$
+        { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.bvolume output
+      format.edition output
+  new.sentence
+      format.number.series output
+      format.publisher.address output
+    }
+    {
+  new.sentence
+      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  format.url output
+  format.note output
+  format.eprint output
+  fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {booklet}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors output
+  author format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.sentence
+  howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
+  address "address" bibinfo.check output
+  format.doi output
+  format.url output
+  format.note output
+  format.eprint output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inbook}
+{ output.bibitem
+  author empty$
+    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+      editor format.key output
+    }
+    { format.authors output.nonnull
+      crossref missing$
+        { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  crossref missing$
+    {
+      format.bvolume output
+      format.edition output
+      format.publisher.address output
+      format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+  new.sentence
+      format.number.series output
+    }
+    {
+      format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+  new.sentence
+      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  format.url output
+  format.note output
+  format.eprint output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {incollection}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  author format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.sentence
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+      format.bvolume output
+      format.edition output
+      format.number.series output
+      format.publisher.address output
+      format.chapter.pages output
+    }
+    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.chapter.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  format.url output
+  format.note output
+  format.eprint output
+  fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {inproceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  author format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.sentence
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+      publisher empty$
+        { format.organization.address output }
+        { organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+          format.publisher.address output
+        }
+      if$
+      format.bvolume output
+      format.number.series output
+      format.pages output
+    }
+    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  format.url output
+  format.note output
+  format.eprint output
+  fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }
+FUNCTION {manual}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors output
+  author format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  new.sentence
+  organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+  address "address" bibinfo.check output
+  format.edition output
+  format.doi output
+  format.url output
+  format.note output
+  format.eprint output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  author format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.title
+  "title" output.check
+  new.sentence
+  bbl.mthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+  school "school" bibinfo.warn output
+  address "address" bibinfo.check output
+  format.doi output
+  format.url output
+  format.note output
+  format.eprint output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {misc}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors output
+  author format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.title output
+  new.sentence
+  howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
+  format.doi output
+  format.url output
+  format.note output
+  format.eprint output
+  fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {phdthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  author format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.title
+  "title" output.check
+  new.sentence
+  bbl.phdthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+  school "school" bibinfo.warn output
+  address "address" bibinfo.check output
+  format.doi output
+  format.url output
+  format.note output
+  format.eprint output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {proceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.editors output
+  editor format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  format.bvolume output
+  format.number.series output
+  publisher empty$
+    { format.organization.address output }
+    { organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+      format.publisher.address output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  format.url output
+  format.note output
+  format.eprint output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {techreport}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  author format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.title
+  "title" output.check
+  new.sentence
+  format.tr.number output.nonnull
+  institution "institution" bibinfo.warn output
+  address "address" bibinfo.check output
+  format.doi output
+  format.url output
+  format.note output
+  format.eprint output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {unpublished}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  author format.key output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  date.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  format.doi output
+  format.url output
+  format.note "note" output.check
+  format.eprint output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }
+READ
+FUNCTION {sortify}
+{ purify$
+  "l" change.case$
+}
+INTEGERS { len }
+FUNCTION {chop.word}
+{ 's :=
+  'len :=
+  s #1 len substring$ =
+    { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
+    's
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.lab.names}
+{ 's :=
+  "" 't :=
+  s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+  s num.names$ duplicate$
+  #2 >
+    { pop$
+      " " * bbl.etal *
+    }
+    { #2 <
+        'skip$
+        { s #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
+            {
+              " " * bbl.etal *
+            }
+            { bbl.and space.word * s #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+              * }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.key.label}
+{ author empty$
+    { key empty$
+        { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+        'key
+      if$
+    }
+    { author format.lab.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label}
+{ author empty$
+    { editor empty$
+        { key empty$
+            { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+            'key
+          if$
+        }
+        { editor format.lab.names }
+      if$
+    }
+    { author format.lab.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {editor.key.label}
+{ editor empty$
+    { key empty$
+        { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+        'key
+      if$
+    }
+    { editor format.lab.names }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {calc.short.authors}
+{ type$ "book" =
+  type$ "inbook" =
+  or
+    'author.editor.key.label
+    { type$ "proceedings" =
+        'editor.key.label
+        'author.key.label
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  'short.list :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {calc.label}
+{ calc.short.authors
+  short.list
+  "("
+  *
+  year duplicate$ empty$
+     { pop$ "????" }
+     'skip$
+  if$
+  *
+  'label :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {sort.format.names}
+{ 's :=
+  #1 'nameptr :=
+  ""
+  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+  numnames 'namesleft :=
+    { namesleft #0 > }
+    { s nameptr
+      "{ll{ }}{  f{ }}{  jj{ }}"
+      format.name$ 't :=
+      nameptr #1 >
+        {
+          "   "  *
+          namesleft #1 = t "others" = and
+            { "zzzzz" * }
+            { numnames #2 > nameptr #2 = and
+                { "zz" * year field.or.null * "   " * }
+                'skip$
+              if$
+              t sortify *
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+        { t sortify * }
+      if$
+      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+    }
+  while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
+{ 't :=
+  "A " #2
+    "An " #3
+      "The " #4 t chop.word
+    chop.word
+  chop.word
+  sortify
+  #1 global.max$ substring$
+}
+FUNCTION {author.sort}
+{ author empty$
+    { key empty$
+        { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
+          ""
+        }
+        { key sortify }
+      if$
+    }
+    { author sort.format.names }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
+{ author empty$
+    { editor empty$
+        { key empty$
+            { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
+              ""
+            }
+            { key sortify }
+          if$
+        }
+        { editor sort.format.names }
+      if$
+    }
+    { author sort.format.names }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {editor.sort}
+{ editor empty$
+    { key empty$
+        { "to sort, need editor or key in " cite$ * warning$
+          ""
+        }
+        { key sortify }
+      if$
+    }
+    { editor sort.format.names }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {presort}
+{ calc.label
+  label sortify
+  "    "
+  *
+  type$ "book" =
+  type$ "inbook" =
+  or
+    'author.editor.sort
+    { type$ "proceedings" =
+        'editor.sort
+        'author.sort
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  #1 entry.max$ substring$
+  'sort.label :=
+  sort.label
+  *
+  "    "
+  *
+  title field.or.null
+  sort.format.title
+  *
+  #1 entry.max$ substring$
+  'sort.key$ :=
+}
+
+ITERATE {presort}
+SORT
+STRINGS { last.label next.extra }
+INTEGERS { last.extra.num number.label }
+FUNCTION {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
+{ #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.label :=
+  "" 'next.extra :=
+  #0 'last.extra.num :=
+  #0 'number.label :=
+}
+FUNCTION {forward.pass}
+{ last.label label =
+    { last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
+      last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=
+    }
+    { "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
+      "" 'extra.label :=
+      label 'last.label :=
+    }
+  if$
+  number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
+}
+FUNCTION {reverse.pass}
+{ next.extra "b" =
+    { "a" 'extra.label := }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+  extra.label 'next.extra :=
+  extra.label
+  duplicate$ empty$
+    'skip$
+    { "{\natexlab{" swap$ * "}}" * }
+  if$
+  'extra.label :=
+  label extra.label * 'label :=
+}
+EXECUTE {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
+ITERATE {forward.pass}
+REVERSE {reverse.pass}
+FUNCTION {bib.sort.order}
+{ sort.label
+  "    "
+  *
+  year field.or.null sortify
+  *
+  "    "
+  *
+  title field.or.null
+  sort.format.title
+  *
+  #1 entry.max$ substring$
+  'sort.key$ :=
+}
+ITERATE {bib.sort.order}
+SORT
+FUNCTION {begin.bib}
+{ preamble$ empty$
+    'skip$
+    { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
+  if$
+  "\begin{thebibliography}{" number.label int.to.str$ * "}" *
+  write$ newline$
+  "\providecommand{\natexlab}[1]{#1}"
+  write$ newline$
+  "\providecommand{\url}[1]{{#1}}"
+  write$ newline$
+  "\providecommand{\urlprefix}{URL }"
+  write$ newline$
+  "\expandafter\ifx\csname urlstyle\endcsname\relax"
+  write$ newline$
+  "  \providecommand{\doi}[1]{DOI~\discretionary{}{}{}#1}\else"
+  write$ newline$
+  "  \providecommand{\doi}{DOI~\discretionary{}{}{}\begingroup \urlstyle{rm}\Url}\fi"
+  write$ newline$
+  "\providecommand{\eprint}[2][]{\url{#2}}"
+  write$ newline$
+}
+EXECUTE {begin.bib}
+EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
+ITERATE {call.type$}
+FUNCTION {end.bib}
+{ newline$
+  "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
+}
+EXECUTE {end.bib}
+%% End of customized bst file
+%%
+%% End of file `spbasic.bst'.
+

diff --git a/chapitre-2009/styles/spmpsci.bst b/chapitre-2009/styles/spmpsci.bst
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..84a612c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapitre-2009/styles/spmpsci.bst
@@ -0,0 +1,1513 @@
+%%
+%% This is file `spmpsci.bst',
+%% generated with the docstrip utility.
+%%
+%% The original source files were:
+%%
+%% merlin.mbs  (with options: `vonx,nm-rvv,yr-par,xmth,jttl-rm,thtit-a,vol-bf,volp-com,pgsep-c,num-xser,ser-vol,ser-ed,jnm-x,btit-rm,bt-rm,doi,edparxc,au-col,in-col,fin-bare,pp,ed,abr,xedn,jabr,xand,url,url-blk,nfss,')
+%% ----------------------------------------
+%%********************************************************************************%%
+%%                                                                                %%
+%% For Springer mathematics, computer science, and physical sciences journals     %%
+%%   publications.                                                                %%
+%% Report bugs and improvements to: Joylene Vette-Guillaume or Frank Holzwarth    %%
+%%                                              Springer-Verlag 2004/10/15        %%
+%%                                                                                %%
+%%********************************************************************************%%
+%%
+%% Copyright 1994-2004 Patrick W Daly
+ % ===============================================================
+ % IMPORTANT NOTICE:
+ % This bibliographic style (bst) file has been generated from one or
+ % more master bibliographic style (mbs) files, listed above.
+ %
+ % This generated file can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms
+ % of the LaTeX Project Public License Distributed from CTAN
+ % archives in directory macros/latex/base/lppl.txt; either
+ % version 1 of the License, or any later version.
+ % ===============================================================
+ % Name and version information of the main mbs file:
+ % \ProvidesFile{merlin.mbs}[2004/02/09 4.13 (PWD, AO, DPC)]
+ %   For use with BibTeX version 0.99a or later
+ %-------------------------------------------------------------------
+ % This bibliography style file is intended for texts in ENGLISH
+ % This is a numerical citation style, and as such is standard LaTeX.
+ % It requires no extra package to interface to the main text.
+ % The form of the \bibitem entries is
+ %   \bibitem{key}...
+ % Usage of \cite is as follows:
+ %   \cite{key} ==>>          [#]
+ %   \cite[chap. 2]{key} ==>> [#, chap. 2]
+ % where # is a number determined by the ordering in the reference list.
+ % The order in the reference list is alphabetical by authors.
+ %---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ENTRY
+  { address
+    author
+    booktitle
+    chapter
+    doi
+    edition
+    editor
+    eid
+    howpublished
+    institution
+    journal
+    key
+    month
+    note
+    number
+    organization
+    pages
+    publisher
+    school
+    series
+    title
+    type
+    url
+    volume
+    year
+  }
+  {}
+  { label }
+INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }
+FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
+{ #0 'before.all :=
+  #1 'mid.sentence :=
+  #2 'after.sentence :=
+  #3 'after.block :=
+}
+STRINGS { s t}
+FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
+{ 's :=
+  output.state mid.sentence =
+    { ", " * write$ }
+    { output.state after.block =
+        { add.period$ write$
+          newline$
+          "\newblock " write$
+        }
+        { output.state before.all =
+            'write$
+            { add.period$ " " * write$ }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+    }
+  if$
+  s
+}
+FUNCTION {output}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    'pop$
+    'output.nonnull
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {output.check}
+{ 't :=
+  duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+    'output.nonnull
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {fin.entry}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    'pop$
+    'write$
+  if$
+  newline$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block}
+{ output.state before.all =
+    'skip$
+    { after.block 'output.state := }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {new.sentence}
+{ output.state after.block =
+    'skip$
+    { output.state before.all =
+        'skip$
+        { after.sentence 'output.state := }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {add.blank}
+{  " " * before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {add.colon}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    'skip$
+    { ":" * add.blank }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {date.block}
+{
+  new.block
+}
+
+FUNCTION {not}
+{   { #0 }
+    { #1 }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {and}
+{   'skip$
+    { pop$ #0 }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {or}
+{   { pop$ #1 }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {new.block.checka}
+{ empty$
+    'skip$
+    'new.block
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
+{ empty$
+  swap$ empty$
+  and
+    'skip$
+    'new.block
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {new.sentence.checka}
+{ empty$
+    'skip$
+    'new.sentence
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {new.sentence.checkb}
+{ empty$
+  swap$ empty$
+  and
+    'skip$
+    'new.sentence
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {field.or.null}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "" }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {emphasize}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "" }
+    { "\emph{" swap$ * "}" * }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {bolden}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "" }
+    { "\textbf{" swap$ * "}" * }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {tie.or.space.prefix}
+{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
+    { "~" }
+    { " " }
+  if$
+  swap$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {capitalize}
+{ "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$ }
+
+FUNCTION {space.word}
+{ " " swap$ * " " * }
+ % Here are the language-specific definitions for explicit words.
+ % Each function has a name bbl.xxx where xxx is the English word.
+ % The language selected here is ENGLISH
+FUNCTION {bbl.and}
+{ "and"}
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.etal}
+{ "et~al." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.editors}
+{ "eds." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.editor}
+{ "ed." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.edby}
+{ "edited by" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.edition}
+{ "edn." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.volume}
+{ "vol." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.of}
+{ "of" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.number}
+{ "no." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.nr}
+{ "no." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.in}
+{ "in" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.pages}
+{ "pp." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.page}
+{ "p." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.chapter}
+{ "chap." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.techrep}
+{ "Tech. Rep." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis}
+{ "Master's thesis" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis}
+{ "Ph.D. thesis" }
+
+MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}
+
+MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}
+
+MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}
+
+MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}
+
+MACRO {may} {"May"}
+
+MACRO {jun} {"Jun."}
+
+MACRO {jul} {"Jul."}
+
+MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}
+
+MACRO {sep} {"Sep."}
+
+MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}
+
+MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}
+
+MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}
+
+MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Comput. Surv."}
+
+MACRO {acta} {"Acta Inf."}
+
+MACRO {cacm} {"Commun. ACM"}
+
+MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM J. Res. Dev."}
+
+MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Syst.~J."}
+
+MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Trans. Software Eng."}
+
+MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Trans. Comput."}
+
+MACRO {ieeetcad}
+ {"IEEE Trans. Comput. Aid. Des."}
+
+MACRO {ipl} {"Inf. Process. Lett."}
+
+MACRO {jacm} {"J.~ACM"}
+
+MACRO {jcss} {"J.~Comput. Syst. Sci."}
+
+MACRO {scp} {"Sci. Comput. Program."}
+
+MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM J. Comput."}
+
+MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Trans. Comput. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tods} {"ACM Trans. Database Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tog} {"ACM Trans. Graphic."}
+
+MACRO {toms} {"ACM Trans. Math. Software"}
+
+MACRO {toois} {"ACM Trans. Office Inf. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Trans. Progr. Lang. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tcs} {"Theor. Comput. Sci."}
+
+FUNCTION {bibinfo.check}
+{ swap$
+  duplicate$ missing$
+    {
+      pop$ pop$
+      ""
+    }
+    { duplicate$ empty$
+        {
+          swap$ pop$
+        }
+        { swap$
+          pop$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {bibinfo.warn}
+{ swap$
+  duplicate$ missing$
+    {
+      swap$ "missing " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ pop$
+      ""
+    }
+    { duplicate$ empty$
+        {
+          swap$ "empty " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$
+        }
+        { swap$
+          pop$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.url}
+{ url empty$
+    { "" }
+    { "\urlprefix\url{" url * "}" * }
+  if$
+}
+
+STRINGS  { bibinfo}
+INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }
+
+FUNCTION {format.names}
+{ 'bibinfo :=
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ {
+  's :=
+  "" 't :=
+  #1 'nameptr :=
+  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+  numnames 'namesleft :=
+    { namesleft #0 > }
+    { s nameptr
+      "{vv~}{ll}{ jj}{, f{.}.}"
+      format.name$
+      bibinfo bibinfo.check
+      't :=
+      nameptr #1 >
+        {
+          namesleft #1 >
+            { ", " * t * }
+            {
+              "," *
+              s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
+                { 't := }
+                { pop$ }
+              if$
+              t "others" =
+                {
+                  " " * bbl.etal *
+                }
+                { " " * t * }
+              if$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+        't
+      if$
+      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+    }
+  while$
+  } if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.names.ed}
+{
+  'bibinfo :=
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ {
+  's :=
+  "" 't :=
+  #1 'nameptr :=
+  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+  numnames 'namesleft :=
+    { namesleft #0 > }
+    { s nameptr
+      "{f{.}.~}{vv~}{ll}{ jj}"
+      format.name$
+      bibinfo bibinfo.check
+      't :=
+      nameptr #1 >
+        {
+          namesleft #1 >
+            { ", " * t * }
+            {
+              "," *
+              s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
+                { 't := }
+                { pop$ }
+              if$
+              t "others" =
+                {
+
+                  " " * bbl.etal *
+                }
+                { " " * t * }
+              if$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+        't
+      if$
+      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+    }
+  while$
+  } if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.authors}
+{ author "author" format.names
+}
+FUNCTION {get.bbl.editor}
+{ editor num.names$ #1 > 'bbl.editors 'bbl.editor if$ }
+
+FUNCTION {format.editors}
+{ editor "editor" format.names duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      " " *
+      get.bbl.editor
+   "(" swap$ * ")" *
+      *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.doi}
+{ doi "doi" bibinfo.check
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      new.block
+      "\doi{" swap$ * "}" *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.note}
+{
+ note empty$
+    { "" }
+    { note #1 #1 substring$
+      duplicate$ "{" =
+        'skip$
+        { output.state mid.sentence =
+          { "l" }
+          { "u" }
+        if$
+        change.case$
+        }
+      if$
+      note #2 global.max$ substring$ * "note" bibinfo.check
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.title}
+{ title
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    { "t" change.case$ }
+  if$
+  "title" bibinfo.check
+}
+FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
+{ newline$
+  "\bibitem{" write$
+  cite$ write$
+  "}" write$
+  newline$
+  ""
+  before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {if.digit}
+{ duplicate$ "0" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "1" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "2" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "3" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "4" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "5" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "6" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "7" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "8" =
+  swap$ "9" = or or or or or or or or or
+}
+FUNCTION {n.separate}
+{ 't :=
+  ""
+  #0 'numnames :=
+  { t empty$ not }
+  { t #-1 #1 substring$ if.digit
+      { numnames #1 + 'numnames := }
+      { #0 'numnames := }
+    if$
+    t #-1 #1 substring$ swap$ *
+    t #-2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+    numnames #5 =
+      { duplicate$ #1 #2 substring$ swap$
+        #3 global.max$ substring$
+        "," swap$ * *
+      }
+      'skip$
+    if$
+  }
+  while$
+}
+FUNCTION {n.dashify}
+{
+  n.separate
+  't :=
+  ""
+    { t empty$ not }
+    { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
+        { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
+            { "--" *
+              t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+            }
+            {   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
+                { "-" *
+                  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+                }
+              while$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+        { t #1 #1 substring$ *
+          t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {word.in}
+{ bbl.in capitalize
+  ":" *
+  " " * }
+
+FUNCTION {format.date}
+{
+  ""
+  duplicate$ empty$
+  year  "year"  bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
+    { swap$ 'skip$
+        { "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$ }
+      if$
+      *
+    }
+    { swap$ 'skip$
+        {
+          swap$
+          " " * swap$
+        }
+      if$
+      *
+    }
+  if$
+  duplicate$ empty$
+    'skip$
+    {
+      before.all 'output.state :=
+    " (" swap$ * ")" *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.btitle}
+{ title "title" bibinfo.check
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {either.or.check}
+{ empty$
+    'pop$
+    { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
+{ volume empty$
+    { "" }
+    { bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.prefix
+      "volume" bibinfo.check * *
+      series "series" bibinfo.check
+      duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+        { emphasize ", " * swap$ * }
+      if$
+      "volume and number" number either.or.check
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.number.series}
+{ volume empty$
+    { number empty$
+        { series field.or.null }
+        { series empty$
+            { number "number" bibinfo.check }
+            { output.state mid.sentence =
+                { bbl.number }
+                { bbl.number capitalize }
+              if$
+              number tie.or.space.prefix "number" bibinfo.check * *
+              bbl.in space.word *
+              series "series" bibinfo.check *
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+    { "" }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.edition}
+{ edition duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      output.state mid.sentence =
+        { "l" }
+        { "t" }
+      if$ change.case$
+      "edition" bibinfo.check
+      " " * bbl.edition *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+INTEGERS { multiresult }
+FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
+{ 't :=
+  #0 'multiresult :=
+    { multiresult not
+      t empty$ not
+      and
+    }
+    { t #1 #1 substring$
+      duplicate$ "-" =
+      swap$ duplicate$ "," =
+      swap$ "+" =
+      or or
+        { #1 'multiresult := }
+        { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
+      if$
+    }
+  while$
+  multiresult
+}
+FUNCTION {format.pages}
+{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    { duplicate$ multi.page.check
+        {
+          bbl.pages swap$
+          n.dashify
+        }
+        {
+          bbl.page swap$
+        }
+      if$
+      tie.or.space.prefix
+      "pages" bibinfo.check
+      * *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.journal.pages}
+{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+    { swap$ duplicate$ empty$
+        { pop$ pop$ format.pages }
+        {
+          ", " *
+          swap$
+          n.dashify
+          "pages" bibinfo.check
+          *
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.journal.eid}
+{ eid "eid" bibinfo.check
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+    { swap$ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+      {
+          ", " *
+      }
+      if$
+      swap$ *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
+{ volume field.or.null
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      "volume" bibinfo.check
+    }
+  if$
+  bolden
+  number "number" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      swap$ duplicate$ empty$
+        { "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+      swap$
+      "(" swap$ * ")" *
+    }
+  if$ *
+  eid empty$
+    { format.journal.pages }
+    { format.journal.eid }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
+{ chapter empty$
+    'format.pages
+    { type empty$
+        { bbl.chapter }
+        { type "l" change.case$
+          "type" bibinfo.check
+        }
+      if$
+      chapter tie.or.space.prefix
+      "chapter" bibinfo.check
+      * *
+      pages empty$
+        'skip$
+        { ", " * format.pages * }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.booktitle}
+{
+  booktitle "booktitle" bibinfo.check
+}
+FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
+{ format.booktitle duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      format.bvolume duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+        { ", " swap$ * * }
+      if$
+      editor "editor" format.names.ed duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+        {
+          " " *
+          get.bbl.editor
+          "(" swap$ * ") " *
+          * swap$
+          * }
+      if$
+      word.in swap$ *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {empty.misc.check}
+{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$
+  month empty$ year empty$ note empty$
+  and and and and and
+  key empty$ not and
+    { "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
+{ type duplicate$ empty$
+    'pop$
+    { swap$ pop$
+      "t" change.case$ "type" bibinfo.check
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
+{ number "number" bibinfo.check
+  type duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ bbl.techrep }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+  "type" bibinfo.check
+  swap$ duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "t" change.case$ }
+    { tie.or.space.prefix * * }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
+{
+  key duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$
+      journal duplicate$ empty$
+        { "need key or journal for " cite$ * " to crossref " * crossref * warning$ }
+        { "journal" bibinfo.check emphasize word.in swap$ * }
+      if$
+    }
+    { word.in swap$ * " " *}
+  if$
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+FUNCTION {format.crossref.editor}
+{ editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+  "editor" bibinfo.check
+  editor num.names$ duplicate$
+  #2 >
+    { pop$
+      "editor" bibinfo.check
+      " " * bbl.etal
+      *
+    }
+    { #2 <
+        'skip$
+        { editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
+            {
+              "editor" bibinfo.check
+              " " * bbl.etal
+              *
+            }
+            {
+             bbl.and space.word
+              * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+              "editor" bibinfo.check
+              *
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
+{ volume duplicate$ empty$
+    { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
+      pop$ word.in
+    }
+    { bbl.volume
+      capitalize
+      swap$ tie.or.space.prefix "volume" bibinfo.check * * bbl.of space.word *
+    }
+  if$
+  editor empty$
+  editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
+  or
+    { key empty$
+        { series empty$
+            { "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
+              crossref * warning$
+              "" *
+            }
+            { series emphasize * }
+          if$
+        }
+        { key * }
+      if$
+    }
+    { format.crossref.editor * }
+  if$
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
+{
+  editor empty$
+  editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
+  or
+    { key empty$
+        { format.booktitle duplicate$ empty$
+            { "need editor, key, or booktitle for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
+              crossref * warning$
+            }
+            { word.in swap$ * }
+          if$
+        }
+        { word.in key * " " *}
+      if$
+    }
+    { word.in format.crossref.editor * " " *}
+  if$
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+FUNCTION {format.org.or.pub}
+{ 't :=
+  ""
+  address empty$ t empty$ and
+    'skip$
+    {
+      t empty$
+        { address "address" bibinfo.check *
+        }
+        { t *
+          address empty$
+            'skip$
+            { ", " * address "address" bibinfo.check * }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.publisher.address}
+{ publisher "publisher" bibinfo.warn format.org.or.pub
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.organization.address}
+{ organization "organization" bibinfo.check format.org.or.pub
+}
+
+FUNCTION {article}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.colon
+  new.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  crossref missing$
+    {
+      journal
+      "journal" bibinfo.check
+      "journal" output.check
+      add.blank
+      format.vol.num.pages output
+      format.date "year" output.check
+    }
+    { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {book}
+{ output.bibitem
+  author empty$
+    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+      add.colon
+    }
+    { format.authors output.nonnull
+      add.colon
+      crossref missing$
+        { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  new.block
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.bvolume output
+      format.edition output
+      new.block
+      format.number.series output
+      new.sentence
+      format.publisher.address output
+    }
+    {
+      new.block
+      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+    }
+  if$
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {booklet}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors output
+  add.colon
+  new.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
+  address "address" bibinfo.check output
+  format.date output
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inbook}
+{ output.bibitem
+  author empty$
+    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+      add.colon
+    }
+    { format.authors output.nonnull
+      add.colon
+      crossref missing$
+        { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  new.block
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  crossref missing$
+    {
+      format.bvolume output
+      format.edition output
+      format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+      new.block
+      format.number.series output
+      new.sentence
+      format.publisher.address output
+    }
+    {
+      format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+      new.block
+      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+    }
+  if$
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {incollection}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.colon
+  new.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+      format.number.series output
+      format.edition output
+      format.chapter.pages output
+      new.sentence
+      format.publisher.address output
+      format.date "year" output.check
+    }
+    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.chapter.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {inproceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.colon
+  new.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+      format.number.series output
+      format.pages output
+      new.sentence
+      publisher empty$
+        { format.organization.address output }
+        { organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+          format.publisher.address output
+        }
+      if$
+      format.date "year" output.check
+    }
+    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }
+FUNCTION {manual}
+{ output.bibitem
+  author empty$
+    { organization "organization" bibinfo.check
+      duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+        { output
+          address "address" bibinfo.check output
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+    { format.authors output.nonnull }
+  if$
+  add.colon
+  new.block
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  author empty$
+    { organization empty$
+        {
+          address new.block.checka
+          address "address" bibinfo.check output
+        }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+    }
+    {
+      organization address new.block.checkb
+      organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+      address "address" bibinfo.check output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.edition output
+  format.date output
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.colon
+  new.block
+  format.title
+  "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  bbl.mthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+  school "school" bibinfo.warn output
+  address "address" bibinfo.check output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {misc}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors output
+  add.colon
+  title howpublished new.block.checkb
+  format.title output
+  howpublished new.block.checka
+  howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
+  format.date output
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+  empty.misc.check
+}
+FUNCTION {phdthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.colon
+  new.block
+  format.title
+  "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  bbl.phdthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+  school "school" bibinfo.warn output
+  address "address" bibinfo.check output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {proceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+  editor empty$
+    { organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+    }
+    { format.editors output.nonnull }
+  if$
+  add.colon
+  new.block
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  format.bvolume output
+  format.number.series output
+  editor empty$
+    { publisher empty$
+        'skip$
+        {
+          new.sentence
+          format.publisher.address output
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+    { publisher empty$
+        {
+          new.sentence
+          format.organization.address output }
+        {
+          new.sentence
+          organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+          format.publisher.address output
+        }
+      if$
+     }
+  if$
+      format.date "year" output.check
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {techreport}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.colon
+  new.block
+  format.title
+  "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  format.tr.number output.nonnull
+  institution "institution" bibinfo.warn output
+  address "address" bibinfo.check output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {unpublished}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.colon
+  new.block
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  format.date output
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note "note" output.check
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }
+READ
+FUNCTION {sortify}
+{ purify$
+  "l" change.case$
+}
+INTEGERS { len }
+FUNCTION {chop.word}
+{ 's :=
+  'len :=
+  s #1 len substring$ =
+    { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
+    's
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {sort.format.names}
+{ 's :=
+  #1 'nameptr :=
+  ""
+  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+  numnames 'namesleft :=
+    { namesleft #0 > }
+    { s nameptr
+      "{ll{ }}{  f{ }}{  jj{ }}"
+      format.name$ 't :=
+      nameptr #1 >
+        {
+          "   "  *
+          namesleft #1 = t "others" = and
+            { "zzzzz" * }
+            { t sortify * }
+          if$
+        }
+        { t sortify * }
+      if$
+      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+    }
+  while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
+{ 't :=
+  "A " #2
+    "An " #3
+      "The " #4 t chop.word
+    chop.word
+  chop.word
+  sortify
+  #1 global.max$ substring$
+}
+FUNCTION {author.sort}
+{ author empty$
+    { key empty$
+        { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
+          ""
+        }
+        { key sortify }
+      if$
+    }
+    { author sort.format.names }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
+{ author empty$
+    { editor empty$
+        { key empty$
+            { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
+              ""
+            }
+            { key sortify }
+          if$
+        }
+        { editor sort.format.names }
+      if$
+    }
+    { author sort.format.names }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {author.organization.sort}
+{ author empty$
+    { organization empty$
+        { key empty$
+            { "to sort, need author, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
+              ""
+            }
+            { key sortify }
+          if$
+        }
+        { "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify }
+      if$
+    }
+    { author sort.format.names }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {editor.organization.sort}
+{ editor empty$
+    { organization empty$
+        { key empty$
+            { "to sort, need editor, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
+              ""
+            }
+            { key sortify }
+          if$
+        }
+        { "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify }
+      if$
+    }
+    { editor sort.format.names }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {presort}
+{ type$ "book" =
+  type$ "inbook" =
+  or
+    'author.editor.sort
+    { type$ "proceedings" =
+        'editor.organization.sort
+        { type$ "manual" =
+            'author.organization.sort
+            'author.sort
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  "    "
+  *
+  year field.or.null sortify
+  *
+  "    "
+  *
+  title field.or.null
+  sort.format.title
+  *
+  #1 entry.max$ substring$
+  'sort.key$ :=
+}
+ITERATE {presort}
+SORT
+STRINGS { longest.label }
+INTEGERS { number.label longest.label.width }
+FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label}
+{ "" 'longest.label :=
+  #1 'number.label :=
+  #0 'longest.label.width :=
+}
+FUNCTION {longest.label.pass}
+{ number.label int.to.str$ 'label :=
+  number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
+  label width$ longest.label.width >
+    { label 'longest.label :=
+      label width$ 'longest.label.width :=
+    }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label}
+ITERATE {longest.label.pass}
+FUNCTION {begin.bib}
+{ preamble$ empty$
+    'skip$
+    { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
+  if$
+  "\begin{thebibliography}{"  longest.label  * "}" *
+  write$ newline$
+  "\providecommand{\url}[1]{{#1}}"
+  write$ newline$
+  "\providecommand{\urlprefix}{URL }"
+  write$ newline$
+  "\expandafter\ifx\csname urlstyle\endcsname\relax"
+  write$ newline$
+  "  \providecommand{\doi}[1]{DOI~\discretionary{}{}{}#1}\else"
+  write$ newline$
+  "  \providecommand{\doi}{DOI~\discretionary{}{}{}\begingroup \urlstyle{rm}\Url}\fi"
+  write$ newline$
+}
+EXECUTE {begin.bib}
+EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
+ITERATE {call.type$}
+FUNCTION {end.bib}
+{ newline$
+  "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
+}
+EXECUTE {end.bib}
+%% End of customized bst file
+%%
+%% End of file `spmpsci.bst'.
+

diff --git a/chapitre-2009/styles/spphys.bst b/chapitre-2009/styles/spphys.bst
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..62acb29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapitre-2009/styles/spphys.bst
@@ -0,0 +1,1442 @@
+%%
+%% This is file `spphys.bst',
+%% generated with the docstrip utility.
+%%
+%% The original source files were:
+%%
+%% merlin.mbs  (with options: `seq-no,vonx,nm-init,ed-au,yr-par,xmth,jtit-x,jttl-rm,thtit-a,vol-bf,volp-com,jpg-1,pgsep-c,num-xser,ser-vol,ser-ed,jnm-x,pub-date,pre-pub,doi,edpar,edby,fin-bare,pp,ed,abr,ord,jabr,xand,url,url-blk,nfss,')
+%% ----------------------------------------
+%%********************************************************************************%%
+%%                                                                                %%
+%% For Springer physics publications. Based on the APS reference style.           %%
+%% Report bugs and improvements to: Joylene Vette-Guillaume or Frank Holzwarth    %%
+%%                                              Springer-Verlag 2004/10/15        %%
+%%                                                                                %%
+%%********************************************************************************%%
+%%
+%% Copyright 1994-2004 Patrick W Daly
+ % ===============================================================
+ % IMPORTANT NOTICE:
+ % This bibliographic style (bst) file has been generated from one or
+ % more master bibliographic style (mbs) files, listed above.
+ %
+ % This generated file can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms
+ % of the LaTeX Project Public License Distributed from CTAN
+ % archives in directory macros/latex/base/lppl.txt; either
+ % version 1 of the License, or any later version.
+ % ===============================================================
+ % Name and version information of the main mbs file:
+ % \ProvidesFile{merlin.mbs}[2004/02/09 4.13 (PWD, AO, DPC)]
+ %   For use with BibTeX version 0.99a or later
+ %-------------------------------------------------------------------
+ % This bibliography style file is intended for texts in ENGLISH
+ % This is a numerical citation style, and as such is standard LaTeX.
+ % It requires no extra package to interface to the main text.
+ % The form of the \bibitem entries is
+ %   \bibitem{key}...
+ % Usage of \cite is as follows:
+ %   \cite{key} ==>>          [#]
+ %   \cite[chap. 2]{key} ==>> [#, chap. 2]
+ % where # is a number determined by the ordering in the reference list.
+ % The order in the reference list is that by which the works were originally
+ %   cited in the text, or that in the database.
+ %---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ENTRY
+  { address
+    author
+    booktitle
+    chapter
+    doi
+    edition
+    editor
+    eid
+    howpublished
+    institution
+    journal
+    key
+    month
+    note
+    number
+    organization
+    pages
+    publisher
+    school
+    series
+    title
+    type
+    url
+    volume
+    year
+  }
+  {}
+  { label }
+INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }
+FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
+{ #0 'before.all :=
+  #1 'mid.sentence :=
+  #2 'after.sentence :=
+  #3 'after.block :=
+}
+STRINGS { s t}
+FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
+{ 's :=
+  output.state mid.sentence =
+    { ", " * write$ }
+    { output.state after.block =
+        { add.period$ write$
+          newline$
+          "\newblock " write$
+        }
+        { output.state before.all =
+            'write$
+            { add.period$ " " * write$ }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+    }
+  if$
+  s
+}
+FUNCTION {output}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    'pop$
+    'output.nonnull
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {output.check}
+{ 't :=
+  duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+    'output.nonnull
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {fin.entry}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    'pop$
+    'write$
+  if$
+  newline$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block}
+{ output.state before.all =
+    'skip$
+    { after.block 'output.state := }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {new.sentence}
+{ output.state after.block =
+    'skip$
+    { output.state before.all =
+        'skip$
+        { after.sentence 'output.state := }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {add.blank}
+{  " " * before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {add.comma}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    'skip$
+    { "," * add.blank }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {date.block}
+{
+  new.block
+}
+
+FUNCTION {not}
+{   { #0 }
+    { #1 }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {and}
+{   'skip$
+    { pop$ #0 }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {or}
+{   { pop$ #1 }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {new.block.checka}
+{ empty$
+    'skip$
+    'new.block
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
+{ empty$
+  swap$ empty$
+  and
+    'skip$
+    'new.block
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {new.sentence.checka}
+{ empty$
+    'skip$
+    'new.sentence
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {new.sentence.checkb}
+{ empty$
+  swap$ empty$
+  and
+    'skip$
+    'new.sentence
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {field.or.null}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "" }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {emphasize}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "" }
+    { "\emph{" swap$ * "}" * }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {bolden}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "" }
+    { "\textbf{" swap$ * "}" * }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {tie.or.space.prefix}
+{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
+    { "~" }
+    { " " }
+  if$
+  swap$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {capitalize}
+{ "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$ }
+
+FUNCTION {space.word}
+{ " " swap$ * " " * }
+ % Here are the language-specific definitions for explicit words.
+ % Each function has a name bbl.xxx where xxx is the English word.
+ % The language selected here is ENGLISH
+FUNCTION {bbl.and}
+{ "and"}
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.etal}
+{ "et~al." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.editors}
+{ "eds." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.editor}
+{ "ed." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.edby}
+{ "ed. by" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.edition}
+{ "edn." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.volume}
+{ "vol." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.of}
+{ "of" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.number}
+{ "no." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.nr}
+{ "no." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.in}
+{ "in" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.pages}
+{ "pp." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.page}
+{ "p." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.chapter}
+{ "chap." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.techrep}
+{ "Tech. Rep." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis}
+{ "Master's thesis" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis}
+{ "Ph.D. thesis" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.first}
+{ "1st" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.second}
+{ "2nd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.third}
+{ "3rd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.fourth}
+{ "4th" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.fifth}
+{ "5th" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.st}
+{ "st" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.nd}
+{ "nd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.rd}
+{ "rd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.th}
+{ "th" }
+
+MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}
+
+MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}
+
+MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}
+
+MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}
+
+MACRO {may} {"May"}
+
+MACRO {jun} {"Jun."}
+
+MACRO {jul} {"Jul."}
+
+MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}
+
+MACRO {sep} {"Sep."}
+
+MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}
+
+MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}
+
+MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}
+
+FUNCTION {eng.ord}
+{ duplicate$ "1" swap$ *
+  #-2 #1 substring$ "1" =
+     { bbl.th * }
+     { duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$
+       duplicate$ "1" =
+         { pop$ bbl.st * }
+         { duplicate$ "2" =
+             { pop$ bbl.nd * }
+             { "3" =
+                 { bbl.rd * }
+                 { bbl.th * }
+               if$
+             }
+           if$
+          }
+       if$
+     }
+   if$
+}
+
+MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Comput. Surv."}
+
+MACRO {acta} {"Acta Inf."}
+
+MACRO {cacm} {"Commun. ACM"}
+
+MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM J. Res. Dev."}
+
+MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Syst.~J."}
+
+MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Trans. Software Eng."}
+
+MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Trans. Comput."}
+
+MACRO {ieeetcad}
+ {"IEEE Trans. Comput. Aid. Des."}
+
+MACRO {ipl} {"Inf. Process. Lett."}
+
+MACRO {jacm} {"J.~ACM"}
+
+MACRO {jcss} {"J.~Comput. Syst. Sci."}
+
+MACRO {scp} {"Sci. Comput. Program."}
+
+MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM J. Comput."}
+
+MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Trans. Comput. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tods} {"ACM Trans. Database Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tog} {"ACM Trans. Graphic."}
+
+MACRO {toms} {"ACM Trans. Math. Software"}
+
+MACRO {toois} {"ACM Trans. Office Inf. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Trans. Progr. Lang. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tcs} {"Theor. Comput. Sci."}
+
+FUNCTION {bibinfo.check}
+{ swap$
+  duplicate$ missing$
+    {
+      pop$ pop$
+      ""
+    }
+    { duplicate$ empty$
+        {
+          swap$ pop$
+        }
+        { swap$
+          pop$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {bibinfo.warn}
+{ swap$
+  duplicate$ missing$
+    {
+      swap$ "missing " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ pop$
+      ""
+    }
+    { duplicate$ empty$
+        {
+          swap$ "empty " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$
+        }
+        { swap$
+          pop$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.url}
+{ url empty$
+    { "" }
+    { "\urlprefix\url{" url * "}" * }
+  if$
+}
+
+STRINGS  { bibinfo}
+INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }
+
+FUNCTION {format.names}
+{ 'bibinfo :=
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ {
+  's :=
+  "" 't :=
+  #1 'nameptr :=
+  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+  numnames 'namesleft :=
+    { namesleft #0 > }
+    { s nameptr
+      "{f{.}.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}"
+      format.name$
+      bibinfo bibinfo.check
+      't :=
+      nameptr #1 >
+        {
+          namesleft #1 >
+            { ", " * t * }
+            {
+              "," *
+              s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
+                { 't := }
+                { pop$ }
+              if$
+              t "others" =
+                {
+                  " " * bbl.etal *
+                }
+                { " " * t * }
+              if$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+        't
+      if$
+      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+    }
+  while$
+  } if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.names.ed}
+{
+  format.names
+}
+FUNCTION {format.authors}
+{ author "author" format.names
+}
+FUNCTION {get.bbl.editor}
+{ editor num.names$ #1 > 'bbl.editors 'bbl.editor if$ }
+
+FUNCTION {format.editors}
+{ editor "editor" format.names duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      " " *
+      get.bbl.editor
+   "(" swap$ * ")" *
+      *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.doi}
+{ doi "doi" bibinfo.check
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      new.block
+      "\doi{" swap$ * "}" *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.note}
+{
+ note empty$
+    { "" }
+    { note #1 #1 substring$
+      duplicate$ "{" =
+        'skip$
+        { output.state mid.sentence =
+          { "l" }
+          { "u" }
+        if$
+        change.case$
+        }
+      if$
+      note #2 global.max$ substring$ * "note" bibinfo.check
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.title}
+{ title
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    { "t" change.case$ }
+  if$
+  "title" bibinfo.check
+}
+FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
+{ newline$
+  "\bibitem{" write$
+  cite$ write$
+  "}" write$
+  newline$
+  ""
+  before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {if.digit}
+{ duplicate$ "0" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "1" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "2" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "3" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "4" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "5" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "6" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "7" =
+  swap$ duplicate$ "8" =
+  swap$ "9" = or or or or or or or or or
+}
+FUNCTION {n.separate}
+{ 't :=
+  ""
+  #0 'numnames :=
+  { t empty$ not }
+  { t #-1 #1 substring$ if.digit
+      { numnames #1 + 'numnames := }
+      { #0 'numnames := }
+    if$
+    t #-1 #1 substring$ swap$ *
+    t #-2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+    numnames #5 =
+      { duplicate$ #1 #2 substring$ swap$
+        #3 global.max$ substring$
+        "," swap$ * *
+      }
+      'skip$
+    if$
+  }
+  while$
+}
+FUNCTION {n.dashify}
+{
+  n.separate
+  't :=
+  ""
+    { t empty$ not }
+    { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
+        { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
+            { "--" *
+              t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+            }
+            {   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
+                { "-" *
+                  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+                }
+              while$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+        { t #1 #1 substring$ *
+          t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {word.in}
+{ bbl.in
+  " " * }
+
+FUNCTION {format.date}
+{
+  ""
+  duplicate$ empty$
+  year  "year"  bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
+    { swap$ 'skip$
+        { "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$ }
+      if$
+      *
+    }
+    { swap$ 'skip$
+        {
+          swap$
+          " " * swap$
+        }
+      if$
+      *
+    }
+  if$
+  duplicate$ empty$
+    'skip$
+    {
+      before.all 'output.state :=
+    " (" swap$ * ")" *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.btitle}
+{ title "title" bibinfo.check
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      emphasize
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {either.or.check}
+{ empty$
+    'pop$
+    { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
+{ volume empty$
+    { "" }
+    { bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.prefix
+      "volume" bibinfo.check * *
+      series "series" bibinfo.check
+      duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+        { emphasize ", " * swap$ * }
+      if$
+      "volume and number" number either.or.check
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.number.series}
+{ volume empty$
+    { number empty$
+        { series field.or.null }
+        { series empty$
+            { number "number" bibinfo.check }
+            { output.state mid.sentence =
+                { bbl.number }
+                { bbl.number capitalize }
+              if$
+              number tie.or.space.prefix "number" bibinfo.check * *
+              bbl.in space.word *
+              series "series" bibinfo.check *
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+    { "" }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {is.num}
+{ chr.to.int$
+  duplicate$ "0" chr.to.int$ < not
+  swap$ "9" chr.to.int$ > not and
+}
+
+FUNCTION {extract.num}
+{ duplicate$ 't :=
+  "" 's :=
+  { t empty$ not }
+  { t #1 #1 substring$
+    t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+    duplicate$ is.num
+      { s swap$ * 's := }
+      { pop$ "" 't := }
+    if$
+  }
+  while$
+  s empty$
+    'skip$
+    { pop$ s }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {convert.edition}
+{ extract.num "l" change.case$ 's :=
+  s "first" = s "1" = or
+    { bbl.first 't := }
+    { s "second" = s "2" = or
+        { bbl.second 't := }
+        { s "third" = s "3" = or
+            { bbl.third 't := }
+            { s "fourth" = s "4" = or
+                { bbl.fourth 't := }
+                { s "fifth" = s "5" = or
+                    { bbl.fifth 't := }
+                    { s #1 #1 substring$ is.num
+                        { s eng.ord 't := }
+                        { edition 't := }
+                      if$
+                    }
+                  if$
+                }
+              if$
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  t
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.edition}
+{ edition duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      convert.edition
+      output.state mid.sentence =
+        { "l" }
+        { "t" }
+      if$ change.case$
+      "edition" bibinfo.check
+      " " * bbl.edition *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+INTEGERS { multiresult }
+FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
+{ 't :=
+  #0 'multiresult :=
+    { multiresult not
+      t empty$ not
+      and
+    }
+    { t #1 #1 substring$
+      duplicate$ "-" =
+      swap$ duplicate$ "," =
+      swap$ "+" =
+      or or
+        { #1 'multiresult := }
+        { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
+      if$
+    }
+  while$
+  multiresult
+}
+FUNCTION {format.pages}
+{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    { duplicate$ multi.page.check
+        {
+          bbl.pages swap$
+          n.dashify
+        }
+        {
+          bbl.page swap$
+        }
+      if$
+      tie.or.space.prefix
+      "pages" bibinfo.check
+      * *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {first.page}
+{ 't :=
+  ""
+    {  t empty$ not t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = not and }
+    { t #1 #1 substring$ *
+      t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+    }
+  while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.journal.pages}
+{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+    { swap$ duplicate$ empty$
+        { pop$ pop$ format.pages }
+        {
+          ", " *
+          swap$
+          first.page
+          "pages" bibinfo.check
+          *
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.journal.eid}
+{ eid "eid" bibinfo.check
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+    { swap$ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+      {
+          ", " *
+      }
+      if$
+      swap$ *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
+{ volume field.or.null
+  duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      "volume" bibinfo.check
+    }
+  if$
+  bolden
+  number "number" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      swap$ duplicate$ empty$
+        { "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+      swap$
+      "(" swap$ * ")" *
+    }
+  if$ *
+  eid empty$
+    { format.journal.pages }
+    { format.journal.eid }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
+{ chapter empty$
+    'format.pages
+    { type empty$
+        { bbl.chapter }
+        { type "l" change.case$
+          "type" bibinfo.check
+        }
+      if$
+      chapter tie.or.space.prefix
+      "chapter" bibinfo.check
+      * *
+      pages empty$
+        'skip$
+        { ", " * format.pages * }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.booktitle}
+{
+  booktitle "booktitle" bibinfo.check
+  emphasize
+}
+FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
+{ format.booktitle duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+    {
+      format.bvolume duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+        { ", " swap$ * * }
+      if$
+      editor "editor" format.names.ed duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+        {
+          bbl.edby
+          " " * swap$ *
+          swap$
+          "," *
+          " " * swap$
+          * }
+      if$
+      word.in swap$ *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {empty.misc.check}
+{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$
+  month empty$ year empty$ note empty$
+  and and and and and
+    { "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
+{ type duplicate$ empty$
+    'pop$
+    { swap$ pop$
+      "t" change.case$ "type" bibinfo.check
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
+{ number "number" bibinfo.check
+  type duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ bbl.techrep }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+  "type" bibinfo.check
+  swap$ duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$ "t" change.case$ }
+    { tie.or.space.prefix * * }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
+{
+  key duplicate$ empty$
+    { pop$
+      journal duplicate$ empty$
+        { "need key or journal for " cite$ * " to crossref " * crossref * warning$ }
+        { "journal" bibinfo.check emphasize word.in swap$ * }
+      if$
+    }
+    { word.in swap$ * " " *}
+  if$
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+FUNCTION {format.crossref.editor}
+{ editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+  "editor" bibinfo.check
+  editor num.names$ duplicate$
+  #2 >
+    { pop$
+      "editor" bibinfo.check
+      " " * bbl.etal
+      *
+    }
+    { #2 <
+        'skip$
+        { editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
+            {
+              "editor" bibinfo.check
+              " " * bbl.etal
+              *
+            }
+            {
+             bbl.and space.word
+              * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+              "editor" bibinfo.check
+              *
+            }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
+{ volume duplicate$ empty$
+    { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
+      pop$ word.in
+    }
+    { bbl.volume
+      capitalize
+      swap$ tie.or.space.prefix "volume" bibinfo.check * * bbl.of space.word *
+    }
+  if$
+  editor empty$
+  editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
+  or
+    { key empty$
+        { series empty$
+            { "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
+              crossref * warning$
+              "" *
+            }
+            { series emphasize * }
+          if$
+        }
+        { key * }
+      if$
+    }
+    { format.crossref.editor * }
+  if$
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
+{
+  editor empty$
+  editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
+  or
+    { key empty$
+        { format.booktitle duplicate$ empty$
+            { "need editor, key, or booktitle for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
+              crossref * warning$
+            }
+            { word.in swap$ * }
+          if$
+        }
+        { word.in key * " " *}
+      if$
+    }
+    { word.in format.crossref.editor * " " *}
+  if$
+  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+FUNCTION {format.org.or.pub}
+{ 't :=
+  ""
+  year empty$
+    { "empty year in " cite$ * warning$ }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+  address empty$ t empty$ and
+  year empty$ and
+    'skip$
+    {
+      add.blank "(" *
+      t empty$
+        { address "address" bibinfo.check *
+        }
+        { t *
+          address empty$
+            'skip$
+            { ", " * address "address" bibinfo.check * }
+          if$
+        }
+      if$
+      year empty$
+        'skip$
+        { t empty$ address empty$ and
+            'skip$
+            { ", " * }
+          if$
+          year "year" bibinfo.check
+          *
+        }
+      if$
+      ")" *
+    }
+  if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.publisher.address}
+{ publisher "publisher" bibinfo.warn format.org.or.pub
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.organization.address}
+{ organization "organization" bibinfo.check format.org.or.pub
+}
+
+FUNCTION {article}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.comma
+  crossref missing$
+    {
+      journal
+      "journal" bibinfo.check
+      "journal" output.check
+      add.blank
+      format.vol.num.pages output
+      format.date "year" output.check
+    }
+    { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {book}
+{ output.bibitem
+  author empty$
+    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+    }
+    { format.authors output.nonnull
+      crossref missing$
+        { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  add.comma
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.bvolume output
+      format.edition output
+      new.block
+      format.number.series output
+      new.sentence
+      format.publisher.address output
+    }
+    {
+      new.block
+      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.date "year" output.check
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {booklet}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors output
+  add.comma
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
+  address "address" bibinfo.check output
+  format.date output
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inbook}
+{ output.bibitem
+  author empty$
+    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+    }
+    { format.authors output.nonnull
+      crossref missing$
+        { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+    }
+  if$
+  add.comma
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  crossref missing$
+    {
+      format.publisher.address output
+      format.bvolume output
+      format.edition output
+      format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+      new.block
+      format.number.series output
+      new.sentence
+    }
+    {
+      format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+      new.block
+      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.date "year" output.check
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {incollection}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.comma
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+      format.edition output
+      format.number.series output
+      format.publisher.address output
+      format.chapter.pages output
+      new.sentence
+    }
+    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.chapter.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {inproceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.comma
+  crossref missing$
+    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+      new.sentence
+      publisher empty$
+        { format.organization.address output }
+        { organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+          format.publisher.address output
+        }
+      if$
+      format.bvolume output
+      format.number.series output
+      format.pages output
+    }
+    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+      format.pages output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }
+FUNCTION {manual}
+{ output.bibitem
+  author empty$
+    { organization "organization" bibinfo.check
+      duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+        { output
+          address "address" bibinfo.check output
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+    { format.authors output.nonnull }
+  if$
+  add.comma
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  author empty$
+    { organization empty$
+        {
+          address new.block.checka
+          address "address" bibinfo.check output
+        }
+        'skip$
+      if$
+    }
+    {
+      organization address new.block.checkb
+      organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+      address "address" bibinfo.check output
+    }
+  if$
+  format.edition output
+  format.date output
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.comma
+  format.title
+  "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  bbl.mthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+  school "school" bibinfo.warn output
+  address "address" bibinfo.check output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {misc}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors output
+  title howpublished new.block.checkb
+  format.title output
+  howpublished new.block.checka
+  howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
+  format.date output
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+  empty.misc.check
+}
+FUNCTION {phdthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.comma
+  format.title
+  "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  bbl.phdthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+  school "school" bibinfo.warn output
+  address "address" bibinfo.check output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {proceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+  editor empty$
+    { organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+    }
+    { format.editors output.nonnull }
+  if$
+  new.block
+  format.btitle "title" output.check
+  format.bvolume output
+  format.number.series output
+  editor empty$
+    { publisher empty$
+        'skip$
+        {
+          new.sentence
+          format.publisher.address output
+        }
+      if$
+    }
+    { publisher empty$
+        {
+          new.sentence
+          format.organization.address output }
+        {
+          new.sentence
+          organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+          format.publisher.address output
+        }
+      if$
+     }
+  if$
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {techreport}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.comma
+  format.title
+  "title" output.check
+  new.block
+  format.tr.number output.nonnull
+  institution "institution" bibinfo.warn output
+  address "address" bibinfo.check output
+  format.date "year" output.check
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note output
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {unpublished}
+{ output.bibitem
+  format.authors "author" output.check
+  add.comma
+  format.title "title" output.check
+  format.date output
+  format.doi output
+  new.block
+  format.url output
+  new.block
+  format.note "note" output.check
+  fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }
+READ
+STRINGS { longest.label }
+INTEGERS { number.label longest.label.width }
+FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label}
+{ "" 'longest.label :=
+  #1 'number.label :=
+  #0 'longest.label.width :=
+}
+FUNCTION {longest.label.pass}
+{ number.label int.to.str$ 'label :=
+  number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
+  label width$ longest.label.width >
+    { label 'longest.label :=
+      label width$ 'longest.label.width :=
+    }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label}
+ITERATE {longest.label.pass}
+FUNCTION {begin.bib}
+{ preamble$ empty$
+    'skip$
+    { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
+  if$
+  "\begin{thebibliography}{"  longest.label  * "}" *
+  write$ newline$
+  "\providecommand{\url}[1]{{#1}}"
+  write$ newline$
+  "\providecommand{\urlprefix}{URL }"
+  write$ newline$
+  "\expandafter\ifx\csname urlstyle\endcsname\relax"
+  write$ newline$
+  "  \providecommand{\doi}[1]{DOI \discretionary{}{}{}#1}\else"
+  write$ newline$
+  "  \providecommand{\doi}{DOI \discretionary{}{}{}\begingroup \urlstyle{rm}\Url}\fi"
+  write$ newline$
+}
+EXECUTE {begin.bib}
+EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
+ITERATE {call.type$}
+FUNCTION {end.bib}
+{ newline$
+  "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
+}
+EXECUTE {end.bib}
+%% End of customized bst file
+%%
+%% End of file `spphys.bst'.
+

diff --git a/chapitre-2009/styles/svind.ist b/chapitre-2009/styles/svind.ist
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..11bf366
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapitre-2009/styles/svind.ist
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+headings_flag 1
+heading_prefix "{\\bf "
+heading_suffix "}\\nopagebreak%\n \\indexspace\\nopagebreak%"
+delim_0 "\\idxquad "
+delim_1 "\\idxquad "
+delim_2 "\\idxquad "
+delim_n ",\\,"

diff --git a/chapitre-2009/styles/svindd.ist b/chapitre-2009/styles/svindd.ist
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..29ac73a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapitre-2009/styles/svindd.ist
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+quote '+'
+headings_flag 1
+heading_prefix "{\\bf "
+heading_suffix "}\\nopagebreak%\n \\indexspace\\nopagebreak%"
+delim_0 "\\idxquad "
+delim_1 "\\idxquad "
+delim_2 "\\idxquad "
+delim_n ",\\,"

diff --git a/chapitre-2009/styles/svmult.cls b/chapitre-2009/styles/svmult.cls
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..b7245b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapitre-2009/styles/svmult.cls
@@ -0,0 +1,2369 @@
+% SVMULT DOCUMENT CLASS -- version 5.4 (25-Jun-07)
+% Springer Verlag global LaTeX2e support for multi authored books
+%%
+%%
+%% \CharacterTable
+%%  {Upper-case    \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
+%%   Lower-case    \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
+%%   Digits        \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
+%%   Exclamation   \!     Double quote  \"     Hash (number) \#
+%%   Dollar        \$     Percent       \%     Ampersand     \&
+%%   Acute accent  \'     Left paren    \(     Right paren   \)
+%%   Asterisk      \*     Plus          \+     Comma         \,
+%%   Minus         \-     Point         \.     Solidus       \/
+%%   Colon         \:     Semicolon     \;     Less than     \<
+%%   Equals        \=     Greater than  \>     Question mark \?
+%%   Commercial at \@     Left bracket  \[     Backslash     \\
+%%   Right bracket \]     Circumflex    \^     Underscore    \_
+%%   Grave accent  \`     Left brace    \{     Vertical bar  \|
+%%   Right brace   \}     Tilde         \~}
+%%
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]
+\ProvidesClass{svmult}[2007/06/25 v5.4
+^^JSpringer Verlag global LaTeX document class for multi authored books]
+% Options
+% citations
+\DeclareOption{natbib}{\ExecuteOptions{oribibl}%
+\AtEndOfClass{% Loading package 'NATBIB'
+\RequirePackage{natbib}
+% Changing some parameters of NATBIB
+\setlength{\bibhang}{\parindent}
+%\setlength{\bibsep}{0mm}
+\let\bibfont=\small
+\def\@biblabel#1{#1.}
+\newcommand{\etal}{\textit{et al}.}
+%\bibpunct[,]{(}{)}{;}{a}{}{,}}}
+}}
+% Springer environment
+\let\if@spthms\iftrue
+\DeclareOption{nospthms}{\let\if@spthms\iffalse}
+%
+\let\envankh\@empty   % no anchor for "theorems"
+%
+\let\if@envcntreset\iffalse % environment counter is not reset
+\let\if@envcntresetsect=\iffalse % reset each section
+\DeclareOption{envcountresetchap}{\let\if@envcntreset\iftrue}
+\DeclareOption{envcountresetsect}{\let\if@envcntreset\iftrue
+\let\if@envcntresetsect=\iftrue}
+%
+\let\if@envcntsame\iffalse  % NOT all environments work like "Theorem",
+                            % each using its own counter
+\DeclareOption{envcountsame}{\let\if@envcntsame\iftrue}
+%
+\let\if@envcntshowhiercnt=\iffalse % do not show hierarchy counter at all
+%
+% enhance theorem counter
+\DeclareOption{envcountchap}{\def\envankh{chapter}% show \thechapter along with theorem number
+\let\if@envcntshowhiercnt=\iftrue}
+%
+\DeclareOption{envcountsect}{\def\envankh{section}% show \thesection along with theorem number
+\let\if@envcntshowhiercnt=\iftrue
+\ExecuteOptions{envcountresetsect}}
+% reset environment counters every new contribution by default
+\ExecuteOptions{envcountresetchap}
+%
+% languages
+\let\switcht@@therlang\relax
+\let\svlanginfo\relax
+\def\ds@deutsch{\def\switcht@@therlang{\switcht@deutsch}%
+\gdef\svlanginfo{\typeout{Man spricht deutsch.}\global\let\svlanginfo\relax}}
+\def\ds@francais{\def\switcht@@therlang{\switcht@francais}%
+\gdef\svlanginfo{\typeout{On parle francais.}\global\let\svlanginfo\relax}}
+%
+\AtBeginDocument{\@ifundefined{url}{\def\url#1{#1}}{}%
+\@ifpackageloaded{babel}{%
+\@ifundefined{extrasamerican}{}{\addto\extrasamerican{\switcht@albion}}%
+\@ifundefined{extrasaustralian}{}{\addto\extrasaustralian{\switcht@albion}}%
+\@ifundefined{extrasbritish}{}{\addto\extrasbritish{\switcht@albion}}%
+\@ifundefined{extrascanadian}{}{\addto\extrascanadian{\switcht@albion}}%
+\@ifundefined{extrasenglish}{}{\addto\extrasenglish{\switcht@albion}}%
+\@ifundefined{extrasnewzealand}{}{\addto\extrasnewzealand{\switcht@albion}}%
+\@ifundefined{extrasUKenglish}{}{\addto\extrasUKenglish{\switcht@albion}}%
+\@ifundefined{extrasUSenglish}{}{\addto\extrasUSenglish{\switcht@albion}}%
+\@ifundefined{captionsfrench}{}{\addto\captionsfrench{\switcht@francais}}%
+\@ifundefined{extrasgerman}{}{\addto\extrasgerman{\switcht@deutsch}}%
+\@ifundefined{extrasngerman}{}{\addto\extrasngerman{\switcht@deutsch}}%
+}{\switcht@@therlang}%
+}
+% numbering style of floats, equations
+% \newif\if@numart   \@numartfalse
+% \DeclareOption{numart}{\@numarttrue}
+% numbering of headings
+\let\if@chapnum=\iftrue
+\def\nixchapnum{\let\if@chapnum\iffalse}
+\def\numstyle{0}
+\DeclareOption{nosecnum}{\def\numstyle{1}}%
+% \DeclareOption{nochapnum}{\def\numstyle{2}}%
+% \DeclareOption{nonum}{\def\numstyle{3}}%
+\def\set@numbering{\ifcase\numstyle %\if@numart\else\num@book\fi %default
+\or % 1-case - no \section-numbers
+\setcounter{secnumdepth}{0}% \if@numart\else\num@book\fi
+% \or % 2-case
+% % chapter not numbered, but \sections are
+% \def\thesection{\@arabic\c@section}%
+% \nixchapnum
+% \or % 3-case
+% % neither chapter nor sections numbered + "numart"
+% \nixchapnum
+% \setcounter{secnumdepth}{0}%
+\else\fi}
+\AtEndOfClass{\set@numbering}
+% style for vectors
+\DeclareOption{vecphys}{\def\vec@style{phys}}
+\DeclareOption{vecarrow}{\def\vec@style{arrow}}
+% running heads
+\let\if@runhead\iftrue
+\DeclareOption{norunningheads}{\let\if@runhead\iffalse}
+% referee option
+\let\if@referee\iffalse
+\def\makereferee{\def\baselinestretch{2}\selectfont
+\newbox\refereebox
+\setbox\refereebox=\vbox to\z@{\vskip0.5cm%
+  \hbox to\textwidth{\normalsize\tt\hrulefill\lower0.5ex
+        \hbox{\kern5\p@ referee's copy\kern5\p@}\hrulefill}\vss}%
+\def\@oddfoot{\copy\refereebox}\let\@evenfoot=\@oddfoot}
+\DeclareOption{referee}{\let\if@referee\iftrue
+\AtBeginDocument{\makereferee\small\normalsize}}
+% modification of thebibliography
+\let\if@openbib\iffalse
+\DeclareOption{openbib}{\let\if@openbib\iftrue}
+% LaTeX standard, sectionwise references
+\DeclareOption{oribibl}{\let\oribibl=Y}
+\DeclareOption{chaprefs}{\let\chpbibl=Y}
+%
+% footinfo option (provides an informatory line on every page)
+\def\SpringerMacroPackageNameA{svmult.cls}
+% \thetime, \thedate and \timstamp are macros to include
+% time, date (or both) of the TeX run in the document
+\def\maketimestamp{\count255=\time
+\divide\count255 by 60\relax
+\edef\thetime{\the\count255:}%
+\multiply\count255 by-60\relax
+\advance\count255 by\time
+\edef\thetime{\thetime\ifnum\count255<10 0\fi\the\count255}
+\edef\thedate{\number\day-\ifcase\month\or Jan\or Feb\or Mar\or
+             Apr\or May\or Jun\or Jul\or Aug\or Sep\or Oct\or
+             Nov\or Dec\fi-\number\year}
+\def\timstamp{\hbox to\hsize{\tt\hfil\thedate\hfil\thetime\hfil}}}
+\maketimestamp
+%
+% \footinfo generates a info footline on every page containing
+% pagenumber, jobname, macroname, and timestamp
+\DeclareOption{footinfo}{\AtBeginDocument{\maketimestamp
+   \def\ps@empty{\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
+   \let\@oddhead\@empty\let\@evenhead\@empty}%
+   \def\@oddfoot{\scriptsize\tt Page:\,\thepage\space\hfil
+                 job:\,\jobname\space\hfil
+                 macro:\,\SpringerMacroPackageNameA\space\hfil
+                 date/time:\,\thedate/\thetime}%
+   \let\@evenfoot=\@oddfoot}}
+%
+% start new chapter on any page
+\newif\if@openright \@openrighttrue
+\DeclareOption{openany}{\@openrightfalse}
+%
+% no size changing allowed
+\DeclareOption{11pt}{\OptionNotUsed}
+\DeclareOption{12pt}{\OptionNotUsed}
+% options for the article class
+\def\@rticle@options{10pt,twoside}
+% fleqn
+\DeclareOption{fleqn}{\def\@rticle@options{10pt,twoside,fleqn}%
+\AtEndOfClass{\let\leftlegendglue\relax}%
+\AtBeginDocument{\mathindent\parindent}}
+% hanging sectioning titles
+\let\if@sechang\iftrue
+\DeclareOption{nosechang}{\let\if@sechang\iffalse}
+% hanging sectioning titles
+\def\ClassInfoNoLine#1#2{%
+   \ClassInfo{#1}{#2\@gobble}%
+}
+%
+\DeclareOption{graybox}{%
+\AtEndOfClass{% Loading color package
+\RequirePackage{color}%
+% defining values of gray
+\definecolor{shadecolor}{gray}{.85}%
+\definecolor{tintedcolor}{gray}{.80}%
+\RequirePackage{framed}%
+%
+\newenvironment{tinted}{%
+  \def\FrameCommand{\colorbox{tintedcolor}}%
+  \MakeFramed {\FrameRestore}}%
+ {\endMakeFramed}%
+%
+\renewenvironment{svgraybox}%
+       {\fboxsep=12pt\relax
+        \begin{shaded}%
+        \list{}{\leftmargin=12pt\rightmargin=2\leftmargin\leftmargin=\z@\topsep=\z@\relax}%
+        \expandafter\item\parindent=\svparindent
+        \hskip-\listparindent}%
+       {\endlist\end{shaded}}%
+%
+\renewenvironment{svtintedbox}%
+       {\fboxsep=12pt\relax
+        \begin{tinted}%
+        \list{}{\leftmargin=12pt\rightmargin=2\leftmargin\leftmargin=\z@\topsep=\z@\relax}%
+        \expandafter\item\parindent=\svparindent
+        \relax}%
+       {\endlist\end{tinted}}%
+%
+}}
+%
+\let\SVMultOpt\@empty
+\DeclareOption*{\InputIfFileExists{sv\CurrentOption.clo}{%
+\global\let\SVMultOpt\CurrentOption}{%
+\ClassWarning{Springer-SVMult}{Specified option or subpackage
+"\CurrentOption" \MessageBreak not found -
+passing it to article class \MessageBreak
+-}\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{article}%
+}}
+\ProcessOptions\relax
+\ifx\SVMultOpt\@empty\relax
+\ClassInfoNoLine{Springer-SVMult}{extra/valid Springer sub-package
+\MessageBreak not found in option list - using "global" style}{}
+\fi
+\LoadClass[\@rticle@options]{article}
+\raggedbottom
+
+% various sizes and settings for contributed works
+
+\setlength{\textwidth}{117mm}
+%\setlength{\textheight}{12pt}\multiply\textheight by 45\relax
+\setlength{\textheight}{191mm}
+\setlength{\topmargin}{0cm}
+\setlength\oddsidemargin   {63\p@}
+\setlength\evensidemargin  {63\p@}
+\setlength\marginparwidth{90\p@}
+\setlength\headsep   {12\p@}
+
+\newdimen\svparindent
+\setlength{\svparindent}{12\p@}
+\parindent\svparindent
+
+\newdimen\bibindent
+\setlength\bibindent{\parindent}
+
+\setlength{\parskip}{\z@ \@plus \p@}
+\setlength{\hfuzz}{2\p@}
+\setlength{\arraycolsep}{1.5\p@}
+
+\frenchspacing
+
+\tolerance=500
+
+\predisplaypenalty=0
+\clubpenalty=10000
+\widowpenalty=10000
+
+\setlength\footnotesep{7.7\p@}
+
+\newdimen\betweenumberspace          % dimension for space between
+\betweenumberspace=5\p@              % number and text of titles
+\newdimen\headlineindent             % dimension for space of
+\headlineindent=2.5cc                % number and gap of running heads
+
+% fonts, sizes, and the like
+\renewcommand\normalsize{%
+   \@setfontsize\normalsize\@xpt\@xiipt
+   \abovedisplayskip 10\p@ % \@plus2\p@ \@minus5\p@
+   \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ % \@plus3\p@
+   \belowdisplayshortskip 6\p@ %\@plus3\p@ \@minus3\p@
+   \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
+   \let\@listi\@listI}
+\normalsize
+\renewcommand\small{%
+   \@setfontsize\small{8.5}{10}%
+   \abovedisplayskip 8.5\p@ % \@plus3\p@ \@minus4\p@
+   \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ %\@plus2\p@
+   \belowdisplayshortskip 4\p@ %\@plus2\p@ \@minus2\p@
+   \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
+               \parsep \z@ \@plus\p@ \@minus\p@
+               \topsep 6\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@
+               \itemsep\z@}%
+   \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
+}
+%
+\let\footnotesize=\small
+%
+\renewcommand\Large{\@setfontsize\large{14}{16}}
+\newcommand\LArge{\@setfontsize\Large{16}{18}}
+\renewcommand\LARGE{\@setfontsize\LARGE{18}{20}}
+%
+\newenvironment{petit}{\par\addvspace{6\p@}\small}{\par\addvspace{6\p@}}
+%
+
+% modification of automatic positioning of floating objects
+\setlength\@fptop{\z@ }
+\setlength\@fpsep{12\p@ }
+\setlength\@fpbot{\z@ \@plus 1fil }
+\def\textfraction{.01}
+\def\floatpagefraction{.8}
+\setlength{\intextsep}{20\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
+\setlength\textfloatsep{24\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 4\p@}
+\setcounter{topnumber}{4}
+\def\topfraction{.9}
+\setcounter{bottomnumber}{2}
+\def\bottomfraction{.7}
+\setcounter{totalnumber}{6}
+%
+% size and style of headings
+\newcommand{\partnumsize}{\LArge}
+\newcommand{\partnumstyle}{\bfseries\boldmath}
+\newcommand{\partsize}{\LARGE}
+\newcommand{\partstyle}{\bfseries\boldmath}
+\newcommand{\chapnumsize}{\Large}
+\newcommand{\chapnumstyle}{\bfseries\boldmath}
+\newcommand{\chapsize}{\LArge}
+\newcommand{\chapstyle}{\bfseries\boldmath}
+\newcommand{\chapauthsize}{\normalsize}
+\newcommand{\chapauthstyle}{\bfseries\boldmath}
+\newcommand{\mottosize}{\small}
+\newcommand{\mottostyle}{\itshape\unboldmath\raggedright}
+\newcommand{\secsize}{\large}
+\newcommand{\secstyle}{\bfseries\boldmath}
+\newcommand{\subsecsize}{\large}
+\newcommand{\subsecstyle}{\bfseries\itshape\boldmath}
+\newcommand{\subsubsecstyle}{\bfseries\boldmath}
+%
+\def\cleardoublepage{\clearpage\if@twoside \ifodd\c@page\else
+    \hbox{}\newpage\if@twocolumn\hbox{}\newpage\fi\fi\fi}
+
+\newcommand{\clearemptydoublepage}{%
+        \clearpage{\pagestyle{empty}\cleardoublepage}}
+\newcommand{\startnewpage}{\if@openright\clearemptydoublepage\else\clearpage\fi}
+
+% MiniTOC
+% one outputstream for all minitocs
+\newwrite\minitoc
+\let\MiniTOC=N % switch for MT processing in .aux files
+\newcounter{minitocdepth}
+\setcounter{minitocdepth}{0}
+
+% stolen from LaTeX.ltx - read miniTOC and redirect output stream
+\long\def \protected@immwrite#1#2#3{%
+      \begingroup
+       \let\thepage\relax
+       #2%
+       \let\protect\@unexpandable@protect
+       \edef\reserved@a{\immediate\write#1{#3}}%
+       \reserved@a
+      \endgroup
+      \if@nobreak\ifvmode\nobreak\fi\fi}
+%
+\newcommand{\@mtstarttoc}[1]
+{\begingroup
+ \makeatletter
+ \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\immediate\string\closeout\string\minitoc}%
+ \typeout{input jobname.#1}%
+\small
+ \@input{\jobname.#1}%
+ \protected@immwrite\@auxout
+   {\let\label\@gobble \let\index\@gobble
+    \let\glossary\@gobble}%
+   {\immediate\openout\minitoc \jobname.#1\relax}
+ \global\@nobreakfalse\endgroup}
+%
+\newcommand{\@mtstarttocquiet}[1]
+{\begingroup
+ \makeatletter
+ \protected@write\@auxout
+   {\let\label\@gobble \let\index\@gobble
+    \let\glossary\@gobble}%
+   {\immediate\openout\minitoc \jobname.#1\relax}
+ \global\@nobreakfalse\endgroup}
+%
+\newcommand{\mtaddtocont}[1]
+{\protected@write \@auxout
+  {\let\label\@gobble \let\index\@gobble
+   \let\glossary\@gobble}%
+  {\string\@mtwritefile{#1}}}
+%
+\newcommand{\@mtwritefile}[1]{\if Y\MiniTOC
+\@temptokena{#1} \immediate\write\minitoc{\the\@temptokena}\fi}
+
+\AtEndDocument{\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\immediate\string\closeout\string\minitoc}}
+
+\newcommand{\dominitoc}{% switch \let\MiniTOC=Y
+    \protected@immwrite\@auxout{}{\let\MiniTOC=Y}%
+    \ifnum \c@minitocdepth<1
+        \@mtstarttocquiet{t\thecontribution}\relax
+    \else
+        \@mtstarttoc{t\thecontribution}\par\addvspace\bigskipamount
+    \fi}
+
+% redefinition of \part
+\renewcommand\part{\clearemptydoublepage
+         \thispagestyle{empty}
+         \if@twocolumn
+            \onecolumn
+            \@tempswatrue
+         \else
+            \@tempswafalse
+         \fi
+         \@ifundefined{thispagecropped}{}{\thispagecropped}
+         \secdef\@part\@spart}
+
+\def\@part[#1]#2{\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >-2\relax
+        \refstepcounter{part}
+        \addcontentsline{toc}{part}{\partname\
+        \thepart\thechapterend\hspace{\betweenumberspace}%
+        #1}\else
+        \addcontentsline{toc}{part}{#1}\fi
+   \markboth{}{}
+   {\raggedleft
+    \hyphenpenalty \@M
+    \interlinepenalty\@M
+    \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >-2\relax
+      \normalfont\partnumsize\partnumstyle %\vrule height 34pt width 0pt depth 0pt%
+     \partname\ \thepart %\llap{\smash{\lower 5pt\hbox to\textwidth{\hrulefill}}}
+    \par
+    \vskip 2\p@ \fi
+    \partsize\partstyle #2\par}\@endpart}
+%
+% \@endpart finishes the part page
+%
+\def\@endpart{\vfil\newpage
+   \if@twoside
+       \hbox{}
+       \thispagestyle{empty}
+       \newpage
+   \fi
+   \if@tempswa
+     \twocolumn
+   \fi}
+%
+\def\@spart#1{{\raggedleft
+   \normalfont\partsize\partstyle
+   #1\par}\@endpart}
+%
+\newenvironment{partbacktext}{\def\@endpart{\vfil\newpage}}
+{\thispagestyle{empty} \newpage}
+%
+% (re)define sectioning
+\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
+
+\def\seccounterend{}
+\def\seccountergap{\hskip\betweenumberspace}
+\def\@seccntformat#1{\csname the#1\endcsname\seccounterend\seccountergap\ignorespaces}
+%
+\let\firstmark=\botmark
+%
+\@ifundefined{thechapterend}{\def\thechapterend{}}{}
+%
+\if@sechang
+   \def\sec@hangfrom#1{\setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{#1}%
+         \hangindent\wd\@tempboxa\noindent\box\@tempboxa}
+\else
+   \def\sec@hangfrom#1{\setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{#1}%
+         \hangindent\z@\noindent\box\@tempboxa}
+\fi
+
+\def\chap@hangfrom#1{\if!#1!\else
+\@chapapp\ #1\vskip2pt\fi}
+\def\schap@hangfrom{\chap@hangfrom{}}
+
+\newcounter{chapter}
+
+\newif\if@mainmatter \@mainmattertrue
+\newcommand\frontmatter{\startnewpage
+            \@mainmatterfalse\pagenumbering{roman}
+            \setcounter{page}{5}}
+%
+\newcommand\mainmatter{\clearemptydoublepage
+            \@mainmattertrue
+            \markboth{}{}
+            \pagenumbering{arabic}}
+%
+\newcommand\backmatter{%
+\setcounter{minitocdepth}{0}%
+\pagestyle{headings}%
+\clearemptydoublepage %\@mainmatterfalse
+\let\appendix=\bppendix
+\def\bibsection{\chapter*{\refname}\@mkboth{\refname}{\refname}%
+     \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\refname}%
+     \csname biblst@rthook\endcsname\par}%
+}
+
+\renewenvironment{titlepage}
+    {%
+      \cleardoublepage
+      \if@twocolumn
+        \@restonecoltrue\onecolumn
+      \else
+        \@restonecolfalse\newpage
+      \fi
+      \thispagestyle{empty}%
+      \addtocounter{page}\m@ne
+  \def\and{\unskip, }
+  \parindent=\z@
+  \pretolerance=10000
+  \rightskip=0pt plus 1fil
+  \large                    % default size for titlepage
+  \vspace*{2em}             % Vertical space above title.
+ }{{\LARGE                   % each author set in \LARGE
+   \lineskip .5em
+   \@author
+   \par}%
+  \vskip 2cm                % Vertical space after author.
+  {\Huge\bfseries\@title \par}% Title set in \Huge size and bold face
+  \vskip 1cm                % Vertical space after title.
+  \if!\@subtitle!\else
+   {\LARGE\ignorespaces\@subtitle \par}
+   \vskip 1cm               % Vertical space after subtitle.
+  \fi
+  \if!\@date!\else
+    \@date
+    \par
+    \vskip 1.5em            % Vertical space after date.
+  \fi
+ \vfill
+ {\Large\bfseries Springer\par}
+%\vskip 3pt
+%\itshape
+%  Berlin\enspace Heidelberg\enspace New\kern0.1em York\\
+%  Hong\kern0.2em Kong\enspace London\\
+%  Milan\enspace Paris\enspace Tokyo\par
+     \if@restonecol\twocolumn \else \newpage \fi
+     \if@twoside\else
+        \setcounter{page}\@ne
+     \fi
+ \clearheadinfo
+}
+
+\def\@chapapp{\chaptername}
+
+\newdimen\mottowidth
+\newcommand\motto[2][77mm]{%
+\setlength{\mottowidth}{#1}%
+\gdef\m@ttotext{#2}}
+%
+\newcommand{\processmotto}{\@ifundefined{m@ttotext}{}{%
+    \setbox0=\hbox{\vbox{\hyphenpenalty=50
+    \begin{flushright}
+    \begin{minipage}{\mottowidth}
+       \vrule\@width\z@\@height21\p@\@depth\z@
+       \normalfont\mottosize\mottostyle\m@ttotext
+    \end{minipage}
+    \end{flushright}}}%
+    \@tempdima=\pagetotal
+    \advance\@tempdima by\ht0
+    \ifdim\@tempdima<157\p@
+       \multiply\@tempdima by-1
+       \advance\@tempdima by157\p@
+       \vskip\@tempdima
+    \fi
+    \box0\par
+    \global\let\m@ttotext=\undefined}}
+
+\newcommand{\chapsubtitle}[1]{%
+\gdef\ch@psubtitle{#1}}
+%
+\newcommand{\processchapsubtit}{\@ifundefined{ch@psubtitle}{}{%
+    {\normalfont\chapnumsize\chapnumstyle
+    \vskip 14\p@
+    \ch@psubtitle
+    \par}
+    \global\let\ch@psubtitle=\undefined}}
+
+\newcommand{\chapauthor}[1]{%
+\gdef\ch@pauthor{#1}}
+%
+\newcommand{\processchapauthor}{\@ifundefined{ch@pauthor}{}{%
+    {\normalfont\chapauthsize\chapauthstyle
+    \vskip 20\p@
+    \ch@pauthor
+    \par}
+    \global\let\ch@pauthor=\undefined}}
+
+\newcommand\chapter{\startnewpage
+                    \@ifundefined{thispagecropped}{}{\thispagecropped}
+                    \thispagestyle{bchap}%
+                    \if@chapnum\else
+                       \begingroup
+                         \let\@elt\@stpelt
+                         \csname cl@chapter\endcsname
+                       \endgroup
+                    \fi
+                    \global\@topnum\z@
+                    \@afterindentfalse
+                    \secdef\@chapter\@schapter}
+
+\def\@chapter[#1]#2{\if@chapnum  % war mal \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
+                       \refstepcounter{chapter}%
+                       \if@mainmatter
+                         \typeout{\@chapapp\space\thechapter.}%
+                         \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\protect
+                                  \numberline{\thechapter\thechapterend}#1}%
+                       \else
+                         \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#1}%
+                       \fi
+                    \else
+                      \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#1}%
+                    \fi
+                    \chaptermark{#1}%
+                    \addtocontents{lof}{\protect\addvspace{10\p@}}%
+                    \addtocontents{lot}{\protect\addvspace{10\p@}}%
+                    \if@twocolumn
+                      \@topnewpage[\@makechapterhead{#2}]%
+                    \else
+                      \@makechapterhead{#2}%
+                      \@afterheading
+                    \fi}
+
+\def\@schapter#1{\if@twocolumn
+                   \@topnewpage[\@makeschapterhead{#1}]%
+                 \else
+                   \@makeschapterhead{#1}%
+                   \@afterheading
+                 \fi}
+
+%%changes position and layout of numbered chapter headings
+\def\@makechapterhead#1{{\parindent\z@\raggedright\normalfont
+  \hyphenpenalty \@M
+  \interlinepenalty\@M
+  \if@chapnum
+     \chapnumsize\chapnumstyle
+     \@chapapp\ \thechapter\thechapterend\par
+     \vskip 2\p@
+  \fi
+  \chapsize\chapstyle
+  \ignorespaces#1\par\nobreak
+  \processchapsubtit
+  \processchapauthor
+  \processmotto
+  \ifdim\pagetotal>167\p@
+     \vskip 11\p@
+  \else
+     \@tempdima=167\p@\advance\@tempdima by-\pagetotal
+     \vskip\@tempdima
+  \fi}}
+
+%%changes position and layout of unnumbered chapter headings
+\def\@makeschapterhead#1{{\parindent \z@ \raggedright\normalfont
+  \hyphenpenalty \@M
+  \interlinepenalty\@M
+  \chapsize\chapstyle
+  \ignorespaces#1\par\nobreak
+  \processmotto
+  \ifdim\pagetotal>167\p@
+     \vskip 11\p@
+  \else
+     \@tempdima=168\p@\advance\@tempdima by-\pagetotal
+     \vskip\@tempdima
+  \fi}}
+%
+% dedication environment
+\newenvironment{dedication}
+{\clearemptydoublepage
+\thispagestyle{empty}
+\vspace*{13\baselineskip}
+\large\itshape
+\let\\\@centercr\@rightskip\@flushglue \rightskip\@rightskip
+\leftskip4cm\parindent\z@\relax
+\everypar{\parindent=\svparindent\let\everypar\empty}}{\clearpage}
+%
+% predefined unnumbered headings
+\newcommand{\preface}[1][\prefacename]{\chapter*{#1}\markboth{#1}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\foreword}[1][\forewordname]{\chapter*{#1}\markboth{#1}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\contributors}[1][\contriblistname]{\chapter*{#1}\markboth{#1}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\extrachap}[1]{\chapter*{#1}\markboth{#1}{#1}}
+% same with TOC entry
+\newcommand{\Extrachap}[1]{\chapter*{#1}\markboth{#1}{#1}%
+\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#1}}
+
+% measures and setting of sections
+\renewcommand\section{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}%
+                       {-30\p@}% \p@lus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}%
+                       {16\p@}% \p@lus 4\p@ \@minus 4\p@}%
+                       {\normalfont\secsize\secstyle
+                        \rightskip=\z@ \@plus 8em\pretolerance=10000 }}
+\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
+                       {-30\p@}% \p@lus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}%
+                       {16\p@}% \p@lus 4\p@ \@minus 4\p@}%
+                       {\normalfont\subsecsize\subsecstyle
+                        \rightskip=\z@ \@plus 8em\pretolerance=10000 }}
+\renewcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
+                       {-24\p@}% \p@lus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}%
+                       {12\p@}% \p@lus 4\p@ \@minus 4\p@}%
+                       {\normalfont\normalsize\subsubsecstyle
+                        \rightskip=\z@ \@plus 8em\pretolerance=10000 }}
+\renewcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
+                       {-24\p@}% \p@lus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}%
+                       {12\p@}% \p@lus 4\p@ \@minus 4\p@}%
+                       {\normalfont\normalsize\upshape
+                        \rightskip=\z@ \@plus 8em\pretolerance=10000 }}
+\renewcommand\subparagraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
+                       {-18\p@}% \p@lus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}%
+                       {6\p@}% \p@lus 4\p@ \@minus 4\p@}%
+                       {\normalfont\normalsize\itshape
+                        \rightskip=\z@ \@plus 8em\pretolerance=10000 }}
+\newcommand\runinhead{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
+                       {-6\p@}% \p@lus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}%
+                       {-6\p@}%
+                       {\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries\boldmath
+                        \rightskip=\z@ \@plus 8em\pretolerance=10000 }}
+\newcommand\subruninhead{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
+                       {-6\p@}% \p@lus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}%
+                       {-6\p@}%
+                       {\normalfont\normalsize\itshape
+                        \rightskip=\z@ \@plus 8em\pretolerance=10000 }}
+
+% Appendix
+\renewcommand\appendix{\par}         %article appendix
+
+\newcommand\bppendix{\startnewpage            %book appendix
+                \pagestyle{headings}
+                \stepcounter{chapter}
+                \setcounter{chapter}{0}
+                \stepcounter{section}
+                \setcounter{section}{0}
+                \setcounter{equation}{0}
+                \setcounter{figure}{0}
+                \setcounter{table}{0}
+                \setcounter{footnote}{0}
+\let\if@chapnum=\iftrue
+\def\@chapapp{\appendixname}
+\renewcommand\thechapter{\@Alph\c@chapter}
+\renewcommand\thesection{\thechapter.\@arabic\c@section}
+\renewcommand\thesubsection{\thesection.\@arabic\c@subsection}
+\renewcommand\theequation{\thechapter.\@arabic\c@equation}
+\renewcommand\thefigure{\thechapter.\@arabic\c@figure}
+\renewcommand\thetable{\thechapter.\@arabic\c@table}}
+
+\def\hyperhrefextend{\ifx\hyper@anchor\@undefined\else
+{\@currentHref}\fi}
+
+\def\runinsep{}
+\def\aftertext{\unskip\runinsep}
+%
+%
+\def\@ssect#1#2#3#4#5{%
+  \@tempskipa #3\relax
+  \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
+    \begingroup
+      #4{%
+        \@hangfrom{\hskip #1}%
+          \raggedright
+          \hyphenpenalty \@M
+          \interlinepenalty \@M #5\@@par}%
+    \endgroup
+  \else
+    \def\@svsechd{#4{\hskip #1\relax #5}}%
+  \fi
+  \@xsect{#3}}
+%
+\def\@sect#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8{%
+   \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth
+      \let\@svsec\@empty
+   \else
+      \refstepcounter{#1}%
+      \protected@edef\@svsec{\@seccntformat{#1}\relax}%
+   \fi
+   \@tempskipa #5\relax
+   \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
+      \begingroup #6\relax
+         \sec@hangfrom{\hskip #3\relax\@svsec}%
+         {\raggedright
+          \hyphenpenalty \@M
+          \interlinepenalty \@M #8\@@par}%
+      \endgroup
+      \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}%
+      \addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{%
+        \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
+          \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}%
+        \fi
+        #7}%
+      \ifnum #2>\c@minitocdepth \else
+         \mtaddtocont{\protect\contentsline
+             \ifnum #2>\@ne{mtsec}\else{mtchap}\fi
+             \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth
+                {#7}%
+             \else
+                {\protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}#7}%
+             \fi
+             {\thepage}\hyperhrefextend}%
+      \fi
+   \else
+      \def\@svsechd{%
+         #6\hskip #3\relax
+         \@svsec #8\aftertext\ignorespaces
+         \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}%
+         \addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{%
+            \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
+                \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}%
+            \fi
+            #7}}%
+   \fi
+   \@xsect{#5}}
+
+% figures and tables are processed in small print
+\def \@floatboxreset {%
+        \reset@font
+        \small
+        \@setnobreak
+        \@setminipage
+}
+\def\fps@figure{htbp}
+\def\fps@table{htbp}
+%
+% Frame for paste-in figures or tables
+\def\mpicplace#1#2{%  #1 =width   #2 =height
+\vbox{\hbox to #1{\vrule\@width \fboxrule \@height #2\hfill}}}
+%
+\newenvironment{svgraybox}%
+       {\ClassWarning{Springer-SVMono}{Environment "svgraybox" not available,\MessageBreak
+         switching over to "quotation" environment;\MessageBreak
+         specify documentclass option "graybox",\MessageBreak
+         see SVMono documentation -}%
+                \par\addvspace{6pt}
+                \list{}{\listparindent12\p@%
+                        \leftmargin=12\p@%
+                        \itemindent    \listparindent
+                        \rightmargin   \leftmargin
+                        \parsep        \z@ \@plus\p@}%
+                \expandafter\item\parindent=\svparindent
+                \relax\hskip-\listparindent}%
+       {\endlist}%
+%
+\newenvironment{svtintedbox}%
+       {\ClassWarning{Springer-SVMono}{Environment "svtintedbox" not available,\MessageBreak
+         switching over to "quotation" environment;\MessageBreak
+         specify documentclass option "graybox",\MessageBreak
+         see SVMono documentation -}%
+                \par\addvspace{6pt}
+                \list{}{\listparindent12\p@%
+                        \leftmargin=12\p@%
+                        \itemindent    \listparindent
+                        \rightmargin   \leftmargin
+                        \parsep        \z@ \@plus\p@}%
+                \expandafter\item\parindent=\svparindent
+                \relax\hskip-\listparindent}%
+       {\endlist}%
+%
+\renewenvironment{quotation}
+               {\par\addvspace{6pt}
+                \list{}{\listparindent12\p@%
+                        \leftmargin=12\p@%
+                        \itemindent    \listparindent
+                        \rightmargin   \leftmargin
+                        \parsep        \z@ \@plus\p@%
+                        \small}%
+                \item\relax\hskip-\listparindent}
+               {\endlist}
+%
+\renewenvironment{quote}
+               {\par\addvspace{6pt}
+                \list{}{\leftmargin=12\p@%
+                \rightmargin\leftmargin
+                \parsep=3\p@
+                \small}%
+                \item\relax}
+               {\endlist}
+
+% labels of enumerate
+\renewcommand\labelenumii{\theenumii.}
+\renewcommand\theenumii{\@alph\c@enumii}
+
+% labels of itemize
+\renewcommand\labelitemi{\textbullet}
+\renewcommand\labelitemii{\textendash}
+\let\labelitemiii=\labelitemiv
+
+% labels of description
+\renewcommand*\descriptionlabel[1]{\hspace\labelsep #1\hfil}
+
+% fixed indentation for standard itemize-environment
+\newdimen\svitemindent \setlength{\svitemindent}{\parindent}
+
+
+% make indentations changeable
+
+\def\setitemindent#1{\settowidth{\labelwidth}{#1}%
+        \let\setit@m=Y%
+        \leftmargini\labelwidth
+        \advance\leftmargini\labelsep
+   \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
+        \labelwidth\leftmargini\advance\labelwidth by -\labelsep
+        \parsep=\parskip
+        \topsep=\medskipamount
+        \itemsep=\parskip \advance\itemsep by -\parsep}}
+\def\setitemitemindent#1{\settowidth{\labelwidth}{#1}%
+        \let\setit@m=Y%
+        \leftmarginii\labelwidth
+        \advance\leftmarginii\labelsep
+\def\@listii{\leftmargin\leftmarginii
+        \labelwidth\leftmarginii\advance\labelwidth by -\labelsep
+        \parsep=\parskip
+        \topsep=6\p@
+        \itemsep=\parskip \advance\itemsep by -\parsep}}
+%
+% adjusted environment "description"
+% if an optional parameter (at the first two levels of lists)
+% is present, its width is considered to be the widest mark
+% throughout the current list.
+\def\description{\@ifnextchar[{\@describe}{\list{}{\labelwidth\z@
+\labelsep=12pt\relax  %!!!!!!!!!
+\leftmargini=12pt\relax  %!!!!!!!!!
+\leftmargin=12pt\relax  %!!!!!!!!!
+          \itemindent-\leftmargin \let\makelabel\descriptionlabel}}}
+%
+\def\describelabel#1{#1\hfil}
+\def\@describe[#1]{\labelsep=12pt\relax
+\relax\ifnum\@listdepth=0
+\setitemindent{#1}\else\ifnum\@listdepth=1
+\setitemitemindent{#1}\fi\fi
+\list{--}{\let\makelabel\describelabel}}
+%
+\def\itemize{%
+  \ifnum \@itemdepth >\thr@@\@toodeep\else
+    \advance\@itemdepth\@ne
+    \ifx\setit@m\undefined
+       \ifnum \@itemdepth=1 \leftmargini=\svitemindent
+          \labelwidth\leftmargini\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+          \leftmarginii=\leftmargini \leftmarginiii=\leftmargini
+       \fi
+    \fi
+    \edef\@itemitem{labelitem\romannumeral\the\@itemdepth}%
+    \expandafter\list
+      \csname\@itemitem\endcsname
+      {\def\makelabel##1{\rlap{##1}\hss}}%
+  \fi}
+%
+\def\enumerate{%
+  \ifnum \@enumdepth >\thr@@\@toodeep\else
+    \advance\@enumdepth\@ne
+    \ifx\setit@m\undefined
+       \ifnum \@enumdepth=1 \leftmargini=\svitemindent
+          \labelwidth\leftmargini\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+          \leftmarginii=\leftmargini \leftmarginiii=\leftmargini
+       \fi
+    \fi
+    \edef\@enumctr{enum\romannumeral\the\@enumdepth}%
+      \expandafter
+      \list
+        \csname label\@enumctr\endcsname
+        {\usecounter\@enumctr\def\makelabel##1{\hss\llap{##1}}}%
+  \fi}
+%
+\newdimen\verbatimindent \verbatimindent\parindent
+\def\verbatim{\advance\@totalleftmargin by\verbatimindent
+\@verbatim \frenchspacing\@vobeyspaces \@xverbatim}
+
+%
+%  special signs and characters
+\newcommand{\D}{\mathrm{d}}
+\newcommand{\E}{\mathrm{e}}
+\let\eul=\E
+\newcommand{\I}{{\rm i}}
+\let\imag=\I
+%
+% the definition of uppercase Greek characters
+% Springer likes them as italics to depict variables
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Gamma}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"00}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Delta}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"01}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Theta}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"02}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Lambda}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"03}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Xi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"04}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Pi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"05}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Sigma}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"06}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Upsilon}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"07}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Phi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"08}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Psi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"09}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Omega}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"0A}
+% the upright forms are defined here as \var<Character>
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\varGamma}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"00}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\varDelta}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"01}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\varTheta}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"02}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\varLambda}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"03}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\varXi}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"04}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\varPi}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"05}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\varSigma}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"06}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\varUpsilon}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"07}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\varPhi}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"08}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\varPsi}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"09}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\varOmega}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"0A}
+% Upright Lower Case Greek letters without using a new MathAlphabet
+\newcommand{\greeksym}[1]{\usefont{U}{psy}{m}{n}#1}
+\newcommand{\greeksymbold}[1]{{\usefont{U}{psy}{b}{n}#1}}
+\newcommand{\allmodesymb}[2]{\relax\ifmmode{\mathchoice
+{\mbox{\fontsize{\tf@size}{\tf@size}#1{#2}}}
+{\mbox{\fontsize{\tf@size}{\tf@size}#1{#2}}}
+{\mbox{\fontsize{\sf@size}{\sf@size}#1{#2}}}
+{\mbox{\fontsize{\ssf@size}{\ssf@size}#1{#2}}}}
+\else
+\mbox{#1{#2}}\fi}
+% Definition of lower case Greek letters
+\newcommand{\ualpha}{\allmodesymb{\greeksym}{a}}
+\newcommand{\ubeta}{\allmodesymb{\greeksym}{b}}
+\newcommand{\uchi}{\allmodesymb{\greeksym}{c}}
+\newcommand{\udelta}{\allmodesymb{\greeksym}{d}}
+\newcommand{\ugamma}{\allmodesymb{\greeksym}{g}}
+\newcommand{\umu}{\allmodesymb{\greeksym}{m}}
+\newcommand{\unu}{\allmodesymb{\greeksym}{n}}
+\newcommand{\upi}{\allmodesymb{\greeksym}{p}}
+\newcommand{\utau}{\allmodesymb{\greeksym}{t}}
+% redefines the \vec accent to a bold character - if desired
+\def\fig@type{arrow}% temporarily abused
+\ifx\vec@style\fig@type\else
+\@ifundefined{vec@style}{%
+ \def\vec#1{\ensuremath{\mathchoice
+                     {\mbox{\boldmath$\displaystyle\mathbf{#1}$}}
+                     {\mbox{\boldmath$\textstyle\mathbf{#1}$}}
+                     {\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptstyle\mathbf{#1}$}}
+                     {\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptscriptstyle\mathbf{#1}$}}}}%
+}
+{\def\vec#1{\ensuremath{\mathchoice
+                     {\mbox{\boldmath$\displaystyle#1$}}
+                     {\mbox{\boldmath$\textstyle#1$}}
+                     {\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptstyle#1$}}
+                     {\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptscriptstyle#1$}}}}%
+}
+\fi
+% tensor
+\def\tens#1{\relax\ifmmode\mathsf{#1}\else\textsf{#1}\fi}
+
+% end of proof symbol
+\newcommand\qedsymbol{\hbox{\rlap{$\sqcap$}$\sqcup$}}
+\newcommand\qed{\relax\ifmmode\else\unskip\quad\fi\qedsymbol}
+\newcommand\smartqed{\renewcommand\qed{\relax\ifmmode\qedsymbol\else
+  {\unskip\nobreak\hfil\penalty50\hskip1em\null\nobreak\hfil\qedsymbol
+  \parfillskip=\z@\finalhyphendemerits=0\endgraf}\fi}}
+%
+\newif\if@numart   \@numarttrue
+\def\ds@numart{\@numarttrue
+  \@takefromreset{figure}{chapter}%
+  \@takefromreset{table}{chapter}%
+  \@takefromreset{equation}{chapter}%
+  \def\thesection{\@arabic\c@section}%
+  \def\thefigure{\@arabic\c@figure}%
+  \def\thetable{\@arabic\c@table}%
+  \def\theequation{\arabic{equation}}%
+  \def\thesubequation{\arabic{equation}\alph{subequation}}}
+%
+\def\ds@book{\@numartfalse
+\def\thesection{\thechapter.\@arabic\c@section}%
+\def\thefigure{\thechapter.\@arabic\c@figure}%
+\def\thetable{\thechapter.\@arabic\c@table}%
+\def\theequation{\thechapter.\arabic{equation}}%
+\@addtoreset{section}{chapter}%
+\@addtoreset{figure}{chapter}%
+\@addtoreset{table}{chapter}%
+\@addtoreset{equation}{chapter}}
+%
+% Ragged bottom for the actual page
+\def\thisbottomragged{\def\@textbottom{\vskip\z@ \@plus.0001fil
+\global\let\@textbottom\relax}}
+
+% This is texte.tex
+% it defines various texts and their translations
+% called up with documentstyle options
+\def\switcht@albion{%
+\def\abbrsymbname{List of Abbreviations and Symbols}%
+\def\abstractname{Abstract}%
+\def\ackname{Acknowledgements}%
+\def\andname{and}%
+\def\bibname{References}%
+\def\lastandname{, and}%
+\def\appendixname{Appendix}%
+\def\chaptername{Chapter}%
+\def\claimname{Claim}%
+\def\conjecturename{Conjecture}%
+\def\contentsname{Contents}%
+\def\corollaryname{Corollary}%
+\def\definitionname{Definition}%
+\def\emailname{e-mail}%
+\def\examplename{Example}%
+\def\exercisename{Exercise}%
+\def\figurename{Fig.}%
+\def\forewordname{Foreword}%
+\def\keywordname{{\bf Key words:}}%
+\def\indexname{Index}%
+\def\lemmaname{Lemma}%
+\def\contriblistname{List of Contributors}%
+\def\listfigurename{List of Figures}%
+\def\listtablename{List of Tables}%
+\def\mailname{{\it Correspondence to\/}:}%
+\def\noteaddname{Note added in proof}%
+\def\notename{Note}%
+\def\partname{Part}%
+\def\prefacename{Preface}%
+\def\problemname{Problem}%
+\def\proofname{Proof}%
+\def\propertyname{Property}%
+\def\propositionname{Proposition}%
+\def\questionname{Question}%
+\def\refname{References}%
+\def\remarkname{Remark}%
+\def\seename{see}%
+\def\solutionname{Solution}%
+\def\subclassname{{\it Subject Classifications\/}:}%
+\def\tablename{Table}%
+\def\theoremname{Theorem}}
+\switcht@albion
+% Names of theorem like environments are already defined
+% but must be translated if another language is chosen
+%
+% French section
+\def\switcht@francais{\svlanginfo
+ \def\abbrsymbname{Liste des abbr\'eviations et symboles}%
+ \def\abstractname{R\'esum\'e.}%
+ \def\ackname{Remerciements.}%
+ \def\andname{et}%
+ \def\lastandname{ et}%
+ \def\appendixname{Appendice}%
+ \def\bibname{Bibliographie}%
+ \def\chaptername{Chapitre}%
+ \def\claimname{Pr\'etention}%
+ \def\conjecturename{Hypoth\`ese}%
+ \def\contentsname{Table des mati\`eres}%
+ \def\corollaryname{Corollaire}%
+ \def\definitionname{D\'efinition}%
+ \def\emailname{e-mail}%
+ \def\examplename{Exemple}%
+ \def\exercisename{Exercice}%
+ \def\figurename{Fig.}%
+ \def\forewordname{Avant-propos}%
+ \def\keywordname{{\bf Mots-cl\'e:}}%
+ \def\indexname{Index}%
+ \def\lemmaname{Lemme}%
+ \def\contriblistname{Liste des contributeurs}%
+ \def\listfigurename{Liste des figures}%
+ \def\listtablename{Liste des tables}%
+ \def\mailname{{\it Correspondence to\/}:}%
+ \def\noteaddname{Note ajout\'ee \`a l'\'epreuve}%
+ \def\notename{Remarque}%
+ \def\partname{Partie}%
+ \def\prefacename{Pr\'eface}%
+ \def\problemname{Probl\`eme}%
+ \def\proofname{Preuve}%
+ \def\propertyname{Caract\'eristique}%
+%\def\propositionname{Proposition}%
+ \def\questionname{Question}%
+ \def\refname{Litt\'erature}%
+ \def\remarkname{Remarque}%
+ \def\seename{voir}%
+ \def\solutionname{Solution}%
+ \def\subclassname{{\it Subject Classifications\/}:}%
+ \def\tablename{Tableau}%
+ \def\theoremname{Th\'eor\`eme}%
+}
+%
+% German section
+\def\switcht@deutsch{\svlanginfo
+ \def\abbrsymbname{Abk\"urzungs- und Symbolverzeichnis}%
+ \def\abstractname{Zusammenfassung}%
+ \def\ackname{Danksagung}%
+ \def\andname{und}%
+ \def\lastandname{ und}%
+ \def\appendixname{Anhang}%
+ \def\bibname{Literaturverzeichnis}%
+ \def\chaptername{Kapitel}%
+ \def\claimname{Behauptung}%
+ \def\conjecturename{Hypothese}%
+ \def\contentsname{Inhaltsverzeichnis}%
+ \def\corollaryname{Korollar}%
+%\def\definitionname{Definition}%
+ \def\emailname{E-mail}%
+ \def\examplename{Beispiel}%
+ \def\exercisename{\"Ubung}%
+ \def\figurename{Abb.}%
+ \def\forewordname{Geleitwort}%
+ \def\keywordname{{\bf Schl\"usselw\"orter:}}%
+ \def\indexname{Sachverzeichnis}%
+%\def\lemmaname{Lemma}%
+ \def\contriblistname{Mitarbeiter}%
+ \def\listfigurename{Abbildungsverzeichnis}%
+ \def\listtablename{Tabellenverzeichnis}%
+ \def\mailname{{\it Correspondence to\/}:}%
+ \def\noteaddname{Nachtrag}%
+ \def\notename{Anmerkung}%
+ \def\partname{Teil}%
+ \def\prefacename{Vorwort}%
+%\def\problemname{Problem}%
+ \def\proofname{Beweis}%
+ \def\propertyname{Eigenschaft}%
+%\def\propositionname{Proposition}%
+ \def\questionname{Frage}%
+ \def\refname{Literaturverzeichnis}%
+ \def\remarkname{Anmerkung}%
+ \def\seename{siehe}%
+ \def\solutionname{L\"osung}%
+ \def\subclassname{{\it Subject Classifications\/}:}%
+ \def\tablename{Tabelle}%
+%\def\theoremname{Theorem}%
+}
+
+\def\getsto{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
+\halign{\hfil
+$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr\gets\cr\to\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr\gets
+\cr\to\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr\gets
+\cr\to\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
+\gets\cr\to\cr}}}}}
+\def\lid{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
+$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\noalign{\vskip1.2\p@}=\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr
+\noalign{\vskip1.2\p@}=\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr
+\noalign{\vskip\p@}=\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
+<\cr
+\noalign{\vskip0.9\p@}=\cr}}}}}
+\def\gid{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
+$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip1.2\p@}=\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr
+\noalign{\vskip1.2\p@}=\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr
+\noalign{\vskip\p@}=\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
+>\cr
+\noalign{\vskip0.9\p@}=\cr}}}}}
+\def\grole{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
+\halign{\hfil
+$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip-\p@}<\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr
+>\cr\noalign{\vskip-\p@}<\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
+>\cr\noalign{\vskip-0.8\p@}<\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
+>\cr\noalign{\vskip-0.3\p@}<\cr}}}}}
+\def\bbbr{{\rm I\!R}} %reelle Zahlen
+\def\bbbm{{\rm I\!M}}
+\def\bbbn{{\rm I\!N}} %natuerliche Zahlen
+\def\bbbf{{\rm I\!F}}
+\def\bbbh{{\rm I\!H}}
+\def\bbbk{{\rm I\!K}}
+\def\bbbp{{\rm I\!P}}
+\def\bbbone{{\mathchoice {\rm 1\mskip-4mu l} {\rm 1\mskip-4mu l}
+{\rm 1\mskip-4.5mu l} {\rm 1\mskip-5mu l}}}
+\def\bbbc{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule\@height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule\@height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule\@height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule\@height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
+\def\bbbq{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm
+Q$}\hbox{\raise
+0.15\ht0\hbox to\z@{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule\@height0.8\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise
+0.15\ht0\hbox to\z@{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule\@height0.8\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise
+0.15\ht0\hbox to\z@{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule\@height0.7\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise
+0.15\ht0\hbox to\z@{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule\@height0.7\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
+\def\bbbt{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm
+T$}\hbox{\hbox to\z@{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule\@height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule\@height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule\@height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule\@height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
+\def\bbbs{{\mathchoice
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle     \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.35\wd0\vrule\@height0.45\ht0\hss}\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.55\wd0\vrule\@height0.5\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle        \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.35\wd0\vrule\@height0.45\ht0\hss}\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.55\wd0\vrule\@height0.5\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle      \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.35\wd0\vrule\@height0.45\ht0\hss}\raise0.05\ht0\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.5\wd0\vrule\@height0.45\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule\@height0.45\ht0\hss}\raise0.05\ht0\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.55\wd0\vrule\@height0.45\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
+\def\bbbz{{\mathchoice {\hbox{$\textstyle\sf Z\kern-0.4em Z$}}
+{\hbox{$\textstyle\sf Z\kern-0.4em Z$}}
+{\hbox{$\scriptstyle\sf Z\kern-0.3em Z$}}
+{\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\sf Z\kern-0.2em Z$}}}}
+
+\let\ts\,
+
+\setlength\arrayrulewidth{.5\p@}
+\def\svhline{%
+  \noalign{\ifnum0=`}\fi\hrule \@height2\arrayrulewidth \futurelet
+   \reserved@a\@xhline}
+
+\setlength \labelsep     {5\p@}
+\setlength\leftmargini   {17\p@}
+\setlength\leftmargin    {\leftmargini}
+\setlength\leftmarginii  {\leftmargini}
+\setlength\leftmarginiii {\leftmargini}
+\setlength\leftmarginiv  {\leftmargini}
+\setlength\labelwidth    {\leftmargini}
+\addtolength\labelwidth{-\labelsep}
+
+\def\@listI{\leftmargin\leftmargini
+        \parsep=\parskip
+        \topsep=\medskipamount
+        \itemsep=\parskip \advance\itemsep by -\parsep}
+\let\@listi\@listI
+\@listi
+
+\def\@listii{\leftmargin\leftmarginii
+        \labelwidth\leftmarginii
+        \advance\labelwidth by -\labelsep
+        \parsep=\parskip
+        \topsep=6\p@
+        \itemsep=\parskip
+        \advance\itemsep by -\parsep}
+
+\def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii
+        \labelwidth\leftmarginiii\advance\labelwidth by -\labelsep
+        \parsep=\parskip
+        \topsep=\z@
+        \itemsep=\parskip
+        \advance\itemsep by -\parsep
+        \partopsep=\topsep}
+
+\setlength\arraycolsep{1.5\p@}
+\setlength\tabcolsep{1.5\p@}
+
+\def\tableofcontents{\chapter*{\contentsname\markboth{{\contentsname}}%
+                                                    {{\contentsname}}}
+ \def\authcount##1{\setcounter{auco}{##1}\setcounter{@auth}{1}}
+ \def\lastand{\ifnum\value{auco}=2\relax
+                 \unskip{} \andname\
+              \else
+                 \unskip \lastandname\
+              \fi}%
+ \def\and{\stepcounter{@auth}\relax
+          \ifnum\value{@auth}=\value{auco}%
+             \lastand
+          \else
+             \unskip,
+          \fi}%
+ \@starttoc{toc}\if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi}
+
+\setcounter{tocdepth}{2}
+
+\def\l@part#1#2{\addpenalty{\@secpenalty}%
+   \addvspace{1em \@plus\p@}%
+   \begingroup
+     \parindent \z@
+     \rightskip \z@ \@plus 5em
+%    \hrule\vskip5\p@
+     \bfseries\boldmath
+     \leavevmode
+     #1\par
+%    \vskip5\p@
+%    \hrule
+     \vskip\p@
+     \nobreak
+   \addvspace{1em \@plus\p@}%
+   \endgroup}
+
+\def\@dotsep{2}
+
+\def\addnumcontentsmark#1#2#3{%
+\addtocontents{#1}{\protect\contentsline{#2}{\protect\numberline
+                                    {\thechapter}#3}{\thepage}}}
+\def\addcontentsmark#1#2#3{%
+\addtocontents{#1}{\protect\contentsline{#2}{#3}{\thepage}}}
+\def\addcontentsmarkwop#1#2#3{%
+\addtocontents{#1}{\protect\contentsline{#2}{#3}{0}}}
+
+\def\@adcmk[#1]{\ifcase #1 \or
+\def\@gtempa{\addnumcontentsmark}%
+  \or    \def\@gtempa{\addcontentsmark}%
+  \or    \def\@gtempa{\addcontentsmarkwop}%
+  \fi\@gtempa{toc}{chapter}}
+\def\addtocmark{\@ifnextchar[{\@adcmk}{\@adcmk[3]}}
+
+\def\l@chapter#1#2{\par\addpenalty{-\@highpenalty}
+ \addvspace{1.0em \@plus \p@}
+ \@tempdima \tocchpnum \begingroup
+ \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@tocrmarg
+ \advance\rightskip by \z@ \@plus 2cm
+ \parfillskip -\rightskip \pretolerance=10000
+ \leavevmode \advance\leftskip\@tempdima \hskip -\leftskip
+ {\bfseries\boldmath#1}\ifx0#2\hfil\null
+ \else
+      \nobreak
+      \leaders\hbox{$\m@th \mkern \@dotsep mu\hbox{.}\mkern
+      \@dotsep mu$}\hfill
+      \nobreak\hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hfil #2}%
+ \fi\par
+ \penalty\@highpenalty \endgroup}
+
+\newcommand{\tocauthorstyle}{\upshape}
+\newcommand{\toctitlestyle}{\bfseries}
+
+\def\l@title#1#2{\addpenalty{-\@highpenalty}
+ \addvspace{8\p@ \@plus \p@}
+ \@tempdima \z@
+ \begingroup
+ \tocchpnum \z@ \calctocindent
+ \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@tocrmarg
+ \advance\rightskip by \z@ \@plus 2cm
+ \pretolerance=10000
+ \parfillskip -\@tocrmarg
+ \leavevmode \advance\leftskip\@tempdima \hskip -\leftskip
+ {\toctitlestyle#1}%\nobreak
+ \leaders\hbox{$\m@th \mkern \@dotsep mu.\mkern
+ \@dotsep mu$}\hfill
+ \nobreak\hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}%
+ \par
+ \penalty\@highpenalty \endgroup}
+
+\def\l@titlech#1#2{\addpenalty{-\@highpenalty}
+ \addvspace{8\p@ \@plus \p@}
+ \@tempdima=\tocchpnum
+ \begingroup
+ \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@tocrmarg
+ \advance\rightskip by \z@ \@plus 2cm
+ \pretolerance=10000
+ \parfillskip -\@tocrmarg
+ \leavevmode \advance\leftskip\@tempdima \hskip -\leftskip
+ {\toctitlestyle#1}%\nobreak
+ \leaders\hbox{$\m@th \mkern \@dotsep mu.\mkern
+ \@dotsep mu$}\hfill
+ \nobreak\hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}%
+ \par
+ \penalty\@highpenalty \endgroup}
+
+\newcommand{\tocaftauthskip}{\z@}
+\def\l@author#1#2{%\addpenalty{\@highpenalty}
+ \@tempdima \z@
+ \begingroup
+ \pretolerance=10000
+ \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@tocrmarg
+ \advance\rightskip by \z@ \@plus 2cm
+%\parfillskip -\@tocrmarg
+ \leavevmode \advance\leftskip\@tempdima \hskip -\leftskip
+ {\tocauthorstyle#1}\nobreak
+%\leaders\hbox{$\m@th \mkern \@dotsep mu.\mkern
+%\@dotsep mu$}\hfill
+%\nobreak\hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}%
+ \par
+ \penalty\@highpenalty
+ \addvspace{\tocaftauthskip}\endgroup}
+
+\def\l@authorch#1#2{%\addpenalty{\@highpenalty}
+ \@tempdima=\tocchpnum
+ \begingroup
+ \pretolerance=10000
+ \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@tocrmarg
+ \advance\rightskip by \z@ \@plus 2cm
+%\parfillskip -\@tocrmarg
+ \leavevmode \advance\leftskip\@tempdima %\hskip -\leftskip
+ {\tocauthorstyle#1}\nobreak
+%\leaders\hbox{$\m@th \mkern \@dotsep mu.\mkern
+%\@dotsep mu$}\hfill
+%\nobreak\hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}%
+ \par
+ \penalty\@highpenalty
+ \addvspace{\tocaftauthskip}\endgroup}
+
+\newdimen\tocchpnum
+\newdimen\tocsecnum
+\newdimen\tocsectotal
+\newdimen\tocsubsecnum
+\newdimen\tocsubsectotal
+\newdimen\tocsubsubsecnum
+\newdimen\tocsubsubsectotal
+\newdimen\tocparanum
+\newdimen\tocparatotal
+\newdimen\tocsubparanum
+\tocchpnum=20\p@            % chapter {\bf 88.} \@plus 5.3\p@
+\tocsecnum=28.5\p@          % section 88.8. plus 4.722\p@
+\tocsubsecnum=36.5\p@       % subsection 88.8.8 plus 4.944\p@
+\tocsubsubsecnum=43\p@      % subsubsection 88.8.8.8 plus 4.666\p@
+\tocparanum=45\p@           % paragraph 88.8.8.8.8 plus 3.888\p@
+\tocsubparanum=53\p@        % subparagraph 88.8.8.8.8.8 plus 4.11\p@
+\def\calctocindent{%
+\tocsectotal=\tocchpnum
+\advance\tocsectotal by\tocsecnum
+\tocsubsectotal=\tocsectotal
+\advance\tocsubsectotal by\tocsubsecnum
+\tocsubsubsectotal=\tocsubsectotal
+\advance\tocsubsubsectotal by\tocsubsubsecnum
+\tocparatotal=\tocsubsubsectotal
+\advance\tocparatotal by\tocparanum}
+\calctocindent
+
+\def\@dottedtocline#1#2#3#4#5{%
+  \ifnum #1>\c@tocdepth \else
+    \vskip \z@ \@plus.2\p@
+    {\leftskip #2\relax \rightskip \@tocrmarg \advance\rightskip by \z@ \@plus 2cm
+               \parfillskip -\rightskip \pretolerance=10000
+     \parindent #2\relax\@afterindenttrue
+     \interlinepenalty\@M
+     \leavevmode
+     \@tempdima #3\relax
+     \advance\leftskip \@tempdima \null\nobreak\hskip -\leftskip
+     {#4}\nobreak
+     \leaders\hbox{$\m@th
+        \mkern \@dotsep mu\hbox{.}\mkern \@dotsep
+        mu$}\hfill
+     \nobreak
+     \hb@xt@\@pnumwidth{\hfil\normalfont \normalcolor #5}%
+     \par}%
+  \fi}
+%
+\def\l@section{\@dottedtocline{1}{\tocchpnum}{\tocsecnum}}
+\def\l@subsection{\@dottedtocline{2}{\tocsectotal}{\tocsubsecnum}}
+\def\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{\tocsubsectotal}{\tocsubsubsecnum}}
+\def\l@paragraph{\@dottedtocline{4}{\tocsubsubsectotal}{\tocparanum}}
+\def\l@subparagraph{\@dottedtocline{5}{\tocparatotal}{\tocsubparanum}}
+
+\renewcommand\listoffigures{%
+    \chapter*{\listfigurename
+      \markboth{\listfigurename}{\listfigurename}}%
+    \@starttoc{lof}%
+    }
+
+\renewcommand\listoftables{%
+    \chapter*{\listtablename
+      \markboth{\listtablename}{\listtablename}}%
+    \@starttoc{lot}%
+    }
+
+\newenvironment{thecontriblist}
+               {\par
+                \addvspace{\bigskipamount}
+                \parindent\z@
+                \rightskip\z@ \@plus 40\p@
+                \def\iand{\\[\medskipamount]\let\and=\nand}%
+                \def\nand{\ifhmode\unskip\nobreak\fi\ $\cdot$ }%
+                \let\and=\nand
+                \def\at{\\\let\and=\iand}%
+                }
+               {\par
+                \addvspace{\bigskipamount}}
+
+\renewcommand\footnoterule{%
+    \kern-3\p@
+    \hrule\@width 36mm
+    \kern2.6\p@}
+
+\newdimen\foot@parindent
+\foot@parindent 10.83\p@
+\footnotesep 9\p@
+
+\AtBeginDocument{%
+\renewcommand\@makefntext[1]{%
+    \parindent 12\p@
+    \noindent
+    \mbox{\@makefnmark} #1}}
+%
+\if@spthms
+% Definition of the "\spnewtheorem" command.
+%
+% Usage:
+%
+%     \spnewtheorem{env_nam}{caption}[within]{cap_font}{body_font}
+% or  \spnewtheorem{env_nam}[numbered_like]{caption}{cap_font}{body_font}
+% or  \spnewtheorem*{env_nam}{caption}{cap_font}{body_font}
+%
+% New is "cap_font" and "body_font". It stands for
+% fontdefinition of the caption and the text itself.
+%
+% "\spnewtheorem*" gives a theorem without number.
+%
+% A defined spnewthoerem environment is used as described
+% by Lamport.
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\def\@thmcountersep{.}
+\def\@thmcounterend{.}
+\newcommand\nocaption{\noexpand\@gobble}
+\newdimen\spthmsep \spthmsep=3pt
+
+\def\spnewtheorem{\@ifstar{\@sthm}{\@Sthm}}
+
+% definition of \spnewtheorem with number
+
+\def\@spnthm#1#2{%
+  \@ifnextchar[{\@spxnthm{#1}{#2}}{\@spynthm{#1}{#2}}}
+\def\@Sthm#1{\@ifnextchar[{\@spothm{#1}}{\@spnthm{#1}}}
+
+\def\@spxnthm#1#2[#3]#4#5{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
+   {\@definecounter{#1}\@addtoreset{#1}{#3}%
+   \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\expandafter\noexpand
+     \csname the#3\endcsname \noexpand\@thmcountersep \@thmcounter{#1}}%
+   \expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#2}%
+   \global\@namedef{#1}{\@spthm{#1}{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#4}{#5}}%
+                              \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}
+
+\def\@spynthm#1#2#3#4{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
+   {\@definecounter{#1}%
+   \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\@thmcounter{#1}}%
+   \expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#2}%
+   \global\@namedef{#1}{\@spthm{#1}{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#3}{#4}}%
+                               \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}
+
+\def\@spothm#1[#2]#3#4#5{%
+  \@ifundefined{c@#2}{\@latexerr{No theorem environment `#2' defined}\@eha}%
+  {\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
+  {\global\@namedef{the#1}{\@nameuse{the#2}}%
+  \expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#3}%
+  \global\@namedef{#1}{\@spthm{#2}{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#4}{#5}}%
+  \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}}
+
+\def\@spthm#1#2#3#4{\topsep 7\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@
+\labelsep=\spthmsep\refstepcounter{#1}%
+\@ifnextchar[{\@spythm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}}{\@spxthm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}}}
+
+\def\@spxthm#1#2#3#4{\@spbegintheorem{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}{#3}{#4}%
+                    \ignorespaces}
+
+\def\@spythm#1#2#3#4[#5]{\@spopargbegintheorem{#2}{\csname
+       the#1\endcsname}{#5}{#3}{#4}\ignorespaces}
+
+\def\normalthmheadings{\def\@spbegintheorem##1##2##3##4{\trivlist
+                 \item[\hskip\labelsep{##3##1\ ##2\@thmcounterend}]##4}
+\def\@spopargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4##5{\trivlist
+      \item[\hskip\labelsep{##4##1\ ##2}]{##4(##3)\@thmcounterend\ }##5}}
+\normalthmheadings
+
+\def\reversethmheadings{\def\@spbegintheorem##1##2##3##4{\trivlist
+                 \item[\hskip\labelsep{##3##2\ ##1\@thmcounterend}]##4}
+\def\@spopargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4##5{\trivlist
+      \item[\hskip\labelsep{##4##2\ ##1}]{##4(##3)\@thmcounterend\ }##5}}
+
+% definition of \spnewtheorem* without number
+
+\def\@sthm#1#2{\@Ynthm{#1}{#2}}
+
+\def\@Ynthm#1#2#3#4{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
+   {\global\@namedef{#1}{\@Thm{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#3}{#4}}%
+    \expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#2}%
+    \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}
+
+\def\@Thm#1#2#3{\topsep 7\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@
+\@ifnextchar[{\@Ythm{#1}{#2}{#3}}{\@Xthm{#1}{#2}{#3}}}
+
+\def\@Xthm#1#2#3{\@Begintheorem{#1}{#2}{#3}\ignorespaces}
+
+\def\@Ythm#1#2#3[#4]{\@Opargbegintheorem{#1}
+       {#4}{#2}{#3}\ignorespaces}
+
+\def\@Begintheorem#1#2#3{#3\trivlist
+                           \item[\hskip\labelsep{#2#1\@thmcounterend}]}
+
+\def\@Opargbegintheorem#1#2#3#4{#4\trivlist
+      \item[\hskip\labelsep{#3#1}]{#3(#2)\@thmcounterend\ }}
+
+% initialize theorem environment
+
+\if@envcntshowhiercnt % show hierarchy counter
+   \def\@thmcountersep{.}
+   \spnewtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[\envankh]{\bfseries}{\itshape}
+   \@addtoreset{theorem}{chapter}
+\else          % theorem counter only
+   \spnewtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}{\bfseries}{\itshape}
+   \if@envcntreset
+      \@addtoreset{theorem}{chapter}
+      \if@envcntresetsect
+         \@addtoreset{theorem}{section}
+      \fi
+   \fi
+\fi
+
+%definition of divers theorem environments
+\spnewtheorem*{claim}{Claim}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+\spnewtheorem*{proof}{Proof}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+%
+\if@envcntsame % all environments like "Theorem" - using its counter
+   \def\spn@wtheorem#1#2#3#4{\@spothm{#1}[theorem]{#2}{#3}{#4}}
+\else % all environments with their own counter
+   \if@envcntshowhiercnt % show hierarchy counter
+      \def\spn@wtheorem#1#2#3#4{\@spxnthm{#1}{#2}[\envankh]{#3}{#4}}
+   \else          % environment counter only
+      \if@envcntreset % environment counter is reset each section
+         \if@envcntresetsect
+            \def\spn@wtheorem#1#2#3#4{\@spynthm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}
+             \@addtoreset{#1}{chapter}\@addtoreset{#1}{section}}
+         \else
+            \def\spn@wtheorem#1#2#3#4{\@spynthm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}
+                                      \@addtoreset{#1}{chapter}}
+         \fi
+      \else
+         \let\spn@wtheorem=\@spynthm
+      \fi
+   \fi
+\fi
+%
+\let\spdefaulttheorem=\spn@wtheorem
+%
+\spn@wtheorem{case}{Case}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{conjecture}{Conjecture}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{corollary}{Corollary}{\bfseries}{\itshape}
+\spn@wtheorem{definition}{Definition}{\bfseries}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{example}{Example}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{exercise}{Exercise}{\bfseries}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{lemma}{Lemma}{\bfseries}{\itshape}
+\spn@wtheorem{note}{Note}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{problem}{Problem}{\bfseries}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{property}{Property}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{proposition}{Proposition}{\bfseries}{\itshape}
+\spn@wtheorem{question}{Question}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{solution}{Solution}{\bfseries}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{remark}{Remark}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+%
+\newenvironment{theopargself}
+    {\def\@spopargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4##5{\trivlist
+         \item[\hskip\labelsep{##4##1\ ##2}]{##4##3\@thmcounterend\ }##5}
+     \def\@Opargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4{##4\trivlist
+         \item[\hskip\labelsep{##3##1}]{##3##2\@thmcounterend\ }}}{}
+\newenvironment{theopargself*}
+    {\def\@spopargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4##5{\trivlist
+         \item[\hskip\labelsep{##4##1\ ##2}]{\hspace*{-\labelsep}##4##3\@thmcounterend}##5}
+     \def\@Opargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4{##4\trivlist
+         \item[\hskip\labelsep{##3##1}]{\hspace*{-\labelsep}##3##2\@thmcounterend}}}{}
+%
+\spn@wtheorem{prob}{\nocaption}{\bfseries}{\rmfamily}
+\newcommand{\probref}[1]{\textbf{\ref{#1}} }
+\newenvironment{sol}{\par\addvspace{6pt}\noindent\probref}{\par\addvspace{6pt}}
+%
+\fi
+
+\def\@takefromreset#1#2{%
+    \def\@tempa{#1}%
+    \let\@tempd\@elt
+    \def\@elt##1{%
+        \def\@tempb{##1}%
+        \ifx\@tempa\@tempb\else
+            \@addtoreset{##1}{#2}%
+        \fi}%
+    \expandafter\expandafter\let\expandafter\@tempc\csname cl@#2\endcsname
+    \expandafter\def\csname cl@#2\endcsname{}%
+    \@tempc
+    \let\@elt\@tempd}
+
+% redefininition of the captions for "figure" and "table" environments
+%
+\@ifundefined{floatlegendstyle}{\def\floatlegendstyle{\bfseries}}{}
+\def\floatcounterend{\enspace}
+\def\capstrut{\vrule\@width\z@\@height\topskip}
+\@ifundefined{captionstyle}{\def\captionstyle{\normalfont\small}}{}
+\@ifundefined{instindent}{\newdimen\instindent}{}
+
+\long\def\@caption#1[#2]#3{\par\addcontentsline{\csname
+  ext@#1\endcsname}{#1}{\protect\numberline{\csname
+  the#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #2}}\begingroup
+    \@parboxrestore\if@minipage\@setminipage\fi
+    \@makecaption{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3}\par
+  \endgroup}
+
+\def\twocaptionwidth#1#2{\def\first@capwidth{#1}\def\second@capwidth{#2}}
+% Default: .46\textwidth
+\twocaptionwidth{.46\textwidth}{.46\textwidth}
+
+\def\leftcaption{\refstepcounter\@captype\@dblarg%
+            {\@leftcaption\@captype}}
+
+\def\rightcaption{\refstepcounter\@captype\@dblarg%
+            {\@rightcaption\@captype}}
+
+\long\def\@leftcaption#1[#2]#3{\addcontentsline{\csname
+  ext@#1\endcsname}{#1}{\protect\numberline{\csname
+  the#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #2}}\begingroup
+    \@parboxrestore
+    \vskip\figcapgap
+    \@maketwocaptions{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3}%
+    {\first@capwidth}\ignorespaces\hspace{.073\textwidth}\hfill%
+  \endgroup}
+
+\long\def\@rightcaption#1[#2]#3{\addcontentsline{\csname
+  ext@#1\endcsname}{#1}{\protect\numberline{\csname
+  the#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #2}}\begingroup
+    \@parboxrestore
+    \@maketwocaptions{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3}%
+    {\second@capwidth}\par
+  \endgroup}
+
+\long\def\@maketwocaptions#1#2#3{%
+   \parbox[t]{#3}{{\floatlegendstyle #1\floatcounterend}#2}}
+
+\def\fig@pos{l}
+\newcommand{\leftfigure}[2][\fig@pos]{\makebox[.4635\textwidth][#1]{#2}}
+\let\rightfigure\leftfigure
+
+\newdimen\figgap\figgap=0.5cm  % hgap between figure and sidecaption
+%
+\long\def\@makesidecaption#1#2{\@tempdimb=3.6cm
+   \setbox0=\vbox{\hsize=\@tempdimb
+                  \captionstyle{\floatlegendstyle
+                                         #1\floatcounterend}#2}%
+   \ifdim\instindent<\z@
+      \ifdim\ht0>-\instindent
+         \advance\instindent by\ht0
+         \typeout{^^JClass-Warning: Legend of \string\sidecaption\space for
+                     \@captype\space\csname the\@captype\endcsname
+                  ^^Jis \the\instindent\space taller than the corresponding float -
+                  ^^Jyou'd better switch the environment. }%
+         \instindent\z@
+      \fi
+   \else
+      \ifdim\ht0<\instindent
+         \advance\instindent by-\ht0
+         \advance\instindent by-\dp0\relax
+         \advance\instindent by\topskip
+         \advance\instindent by-11\p@
+      \else
+         \advance\instindent by-\ht0
+         \instindent=-\instindent
+         \typeout{^^JClass-Warning: Legend of \string\sidecaption\space for
+                     \@captype\space\csname the\@captype\endcsname
+                  ^^Jis \the\instindent\space taller than the corresponding float -
+                  ^^Jyou'd better switch the environment. }%
+         \instindent\z@
+      \fi
+   \fi
+   \parbox[b]{\@tempdimb}{\captionstyle{\floatlegendstyle
+                                        #1\floatcounterend}#2%
+                          \ifdim\instindent>\z@ \\
+                               \vrule\@width\z@\@height\instindent
+                                     \@depth\z@
+                          \fi}}
+\def\sidecaption{\@ifnextchar[\sidec@ption{\sidec@ption[b]}}
+%
+\newbox\bildb@x
+%
+\def\sidec@ption[#1]#2\caption{%
+\setbox\bildb@x=\hbox{\ignorespaces#2\unskip}%
+\if@twocolumn
+ \ifdim\hsize<\textwidth\else
+   \ifdim\wd\bildb@x<\columnwidth
+      \typeout{Double column float fits into single column -
+            ^^Jyou'd better switch the environment. }%
+   \fi
+ \fi
+\fi
+  \instindent=\ht\bildb@x
+  \advance\instindent by\dp\bildb@x
+\if t#1
+\else
+  \instindent=-\instindent
+\fi
+\@tempdimb=\hsize
+\advance\@tempdimb by-\figgap
+\advance\@tempdimb by-\wd\bildb@x
+\ifdim\@tempdimb<3.6cm
+   \ClassWarning{SVMult}{\string\sidecaption: No sufficient room for the legend;
+             ^^Jusing normal \string\caption}%
+   \unhbox\bildb@x
+   \let\@capcommand=\@caption
+\else
+%  \ifdim\@tempdimb<4.5cm
+%     \ClassWarning{SVMono}{\string\sidecaption: Room for the legend very narrow;
+%              ^^Jusing \string\raggedright}%
+      \toks@\expandafter{\captionstyle\sloppy
+                         \rightskip=\z@\@plus6mm\relax}%
+      \def\captionstyle{\the\toks@}%
+%  \fi
+   \let\@capcommand=\@sidecaption
+%  \leavevmode
+%  \unhbox\bildb@x
+%  \hfill
+\fi
+\refstepcounter\@captype
+\@dblarg{\@capcommand\@captype}}
+\long\def\@sidecaption#1[#2]#3{\addcontentsline{\csname
+  ext@#1\endcsname}{#1}{\protect\numberline{\csname
+  the#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #2}}\begingroup
+    \@parboxrestore
+    \@makesidecaption{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3}%
+    \hfill
+    \unhbox\bildb@x
+    \par
+  \endgroup}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\def\fig@type{figure}
+
+\def\leftlegendglue{\relax}
+\newdimen\figcapgap\figcapgap=5\p@   % vgap between figure and caption
+\newdimen\tabcapgap\tabcapgap=3\p@ % vgap between caption and table
+
+\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{%
+ \captionstyle
+ \ifx\@captype\fig@type
+   \vskip\figcapgap
+ \fi
+ \setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{{\floatlegendstyle #1\floatcounterend}%
+ \capstrut #2}%
+ \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize
+   {\floatlegendstyle #1\floatcounterend}\capstrut #2\par
+ \else
+   \hbox to\hsize{\leftlegendglue\unhbox\@tempboxa\hfil}%
+ \fi
+ \ifx\@captype\fig@type\else
+   \vskip\tabcapgap
+ \fi}
+
+\newcounter{merk}
+
+\def\endfigure{\resetsubfig\end@float}
+
+\@namedef{endfigure*}{\resetsubfig\end@dblfloat}
+
+\def\resetsubfig{\global\let\last@subfig=\undefined}
+
+\def\r@setsubfig{\xdef\last@subfig{\number\value{figure}}%
+\setcounter{figure}{\value{merk}}%
+\setcounter{merk}{0}}
+
+\def\subfigures{\refstepcounter{figure}%
+   \@tempcnta=\value{merk}%
+   \setcounter{merk}{\value{figure}}%
+   \setcounter{figure}{\the\@tempcnta}%
+   \def\thefigure{\if@numart\else\thechapter.\fi
+   \@arabic\c@merk\alph{figure}}%
+   \let\resetsubfig=\r@setsubfig}
+
+\def\samenumber{\addtocounter{\@captype}{-1}%
+\@ifundefined{last@subfig}{}{\setcounter{merk}{\last@subfig}}}
+
+% redefinition of the "bibliography" environment
+%
+\def\biblstarthook#1{\gdef\biblst@rthook{#1}}
+%
+\AtBeginDocument{%
+\ifx\chpbibl\undefined
+  \def\bibsection{\section*{\refname}\ifx\sectionmark\@gobble\else
+      \markright{\refname}\fi
+      \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\refname}%
+      \mtaddtocont{\protect\contentsline{mtchap}{\refname}{\thepage}\hyperhrefextend}%
+      \csname biblst@rthook\endcsname\par}
+\else
+ \def\bibsection{\chapter*{\refname}\@mkboth{\refname}{\refname}%
+     \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\refname}%
+     \csname biblst@rthook\endcsname\par}
+\fi}
+\ifx\oribibl\undefined % Springer way of life
+   \renewenvironment{thebibliography}[1]{\bibsection
+         \global\let\biblst@rthook=\undefined
+         \def\@biblabel##1{##1.}
+         \small
+         \list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
+              {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
+               \leftmargin\labelwidth
+               \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
+               \if@openbib
+                 \advance\leftmargin\bibindent
+                 \itemindent -\bibindent
+                 \listparindent \itemindent
+                 \parsep \z@
+               \fi
+               \usecounter{enumiv}%
+               \let\p@enumiv\@empty
+               \renewcommand\theenumiv{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
+         \if@openbib
+           \renewcommand\newblock{\par}%
+         \else
+           \renewcommand\newblock{\hskip .11em \@plus.33em \@minus.07em}%
+         \fi
+         \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000%
+         \sfcode`\.=\@m}
+        {\def\@noitemerr
+          {\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}%
+         \endlist}
+   \def\@lbibitem[#1]#2{\item[{[#1]}\hfill]\if@filesw
+        {\let\protect\noexpand\immediate
+        \write\@auxout{\string\bibcite{#2}{#1}}}\fi\ignorespaces}
+\else % original bibliography is required
+   \let\bibname=\refname
+   \renewenvironment{thebibliography}[1]
+     {\chapter*{\bibname
+        \markboth{\bibname}{\bibname}}%
+      \list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
+           {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
+            \leftmargin\labelwidth
+            \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
+            \@openbib@code
+            \usecounter{enumiv}%
+            \let\p@enumiv\@empty
+            \renewcommand\theenumiv{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
+      \sloppy
+      \clubpenalty4000
+      \@clubpenalty \clubpenalty
+      \widowpenalty4000%
+      \sfcode`\.\@m}
+     {\def\@noitemerr
+       {\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}%
+      \endlist}
+\fi
+
+\let\if@threecolind\iffalse
+\def\threecolindex{\let\if@threecolind\iftrue}
+\def\indexstarthook#1{\gdef\indexst@rthook{#1}}
+\renewenvironment{theindex}
+               {\if@twocolumn
+                  \@restonecolfalse
+                \else
+                  \@restonecoltrue
+                \fi
+                \columnseprule \z@
+                \columnsep 1cc
+                \@nobreaktrue
+                \if@threecolind
+                   \begin{multicols}{3}[\chapter*{\indexname}%
+                \else
+                   \begin{multicols}{2}[\chapter*{\indexname}%
+                \fi
+                {\csname indexst@rthook\endcsname}]%
+                \global\let\indexst@rthook=\undefined
+                \markboth{\indexname}{\indexname}%
+                \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\indexname}%
+                \parindent\z@
+                \rightskip\z@ \@plus 40\p@
+                \parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax
+                \flushbottom
+                \let\item\@idxitem
+                \def\,{\relax\ifmmode\mskip\thinmuskip
+                             \else\hskip0.2em\ignorespaces\fi}%
+                \normalfont\small}
+               {\end{multicols}
+                \global\let\if@threecolind\iffalse
+                \if@restonecol\onecolumn\else\clearpage\fi}
+
+\def\idxquad{\hskip 10\p@}% space that divides entry from number
+
+\def\@idxitem{\par\setbox0=\hbox{--\,--\,--\enspace}%
+                  \hangindent\wd0\relax}
+
+\def\subitem{\par\noindent\setbox0=\hbox{--\enspace}% second order
+                \kern\wd0\setbox0=\hbox{--\,--\,--\enspace}%
+                \hangindent\wd0\relax}% indexentry
+
+\def\subsubitem{\par\noindent\setbox0=\hbox{--\,--\enspace}% third order
+                \kern\wd0\setbox0=\hbox{--\,--\,--\enspace}%
+                \hangindent\wd0\relax}% indexentry
+
+\def\indexspace{\par \vskip 10\p@ \@plus5\p@ \@minus3\p@\relax}
+
+% LaTeX does not provide a command to enter the authors institute
+% addresses. The \institute command is defined here.
+
+\newcounter{@inst}
+\newcounter{@auth}
+\newcounter{auco}
+\newdimen\instindent
+\newbox\authrun
+\newtoks\authorrunning
+\newtoks\tocauthor
+\newbox\titrun
+\newtoks\titlerunning
+\newtoks\toctitle
+
+\def\clearheadinfo{\gdef\@author{No Author Given}%
+                   \gdef\@title{No Title Given}%
+                   \gdef\@subtitle{}%
+                   \gdef\@institute{}%
+                   \gdef\@thanks{}%
+                   \global\titlerunning={}\global\authorrunning={}%
+                   \global\toctitle={}\global\tocauthor={}}
+
+\def\institute#1{\gdef\@institute{#1}}
+
+\def\title{\@ifstar\s@title\n@title}
+\def\s@title#1{\gdef\@title{#1}\ds@numart}
+\def\n@title#1{\gdef\@title{#1}\ds@book}
+
+\def\institutename
+ {\begingroup
+ \if!\@institute!\else
+ \def\thanks##1{\unskip{}}%
+ \def\iand{\\[5pt]\let\and=\nand}%
+ \def\nand{\ifhmode\unskip\nobreak\fi\ $\cdot$ }%
+ \let\and=\nand
+ \def\at{\\\let\and=\iand}%
+ \footnotetext[0]{\kern-\bibindent
+ \ignorespaces\@institute}\vspace{5dd}\fi
+ \endgroup
+ }%
+
+\def\@fnsymbol#1{\ensuremath{\ifcase#1\or\star\or{\star\star}\or
+   {\star{\star}\star}\or \dagger\or \ddagger\or
+   \mathchar "278\or \mathchar "27B\or \|\or **\or \dagger\dagger
+   \or \ddagger\ddagger \else\@ctrerr\fi}}
+
+\def\inst#1{\unskip$^{#1}$}
+\def\fnmsep{\unskip$^,$}
+
+\def\subtitle#1{\gdef\@subtitle{#1}}
+\clearheadinfo
+
+\def\@bfdottedtocline#1#2#3#4#5{%
+  \ifnum #1>\c@minitocdepth \else
+    \par
+    \if@minipage\else\addvspace{5\p@}\fi
+    {\leftskip #2\relax \rightskip \@tocrmarg \advance\rightskip by \z@ \@plus 2cm
+               \parfillskip -\rightskip \pretolerance=10000
+     \parindent #2\relax\@afterindenttrue
+     \interlinepenalty\@M
+     \leavevmode
+     \@tempdima #3\relax
+     \advance\leftskip \@tempdima \null\nobreak\hskip -\leftskip
+     {\bfseries#4}\nobreak
+     \leaders\hbox{$\m@th
+        \mkern \@dotsep mu\hbox{.}\mkern \@dotsep
+        mu$}\hfill
+     \nobreak
+     \hb@xt@\@pnumwidth{\hfil\normalfont \normalcolor #5}%
+     \par\addvspace{5\p@}}%
+  \fi}
+
+\def\@rmdottedtocline#1#2#3#4#5{%
+  \ifnum #1>\c@minitocdepth \else
+    \vskip \z@ \@plus.2\p@
+    {\leftskip #2\relax \rightskip \@tocrmarg \advance\rightskip by \z@ \@plus 2cm
+               \parfillskip -\rightskip \pretolerance=10000
+     \parindent #2\relax\@afterindenttrue
+     \interlinepenalty\@M
+     \leavevmode
+     \@tempdima #3\relax
+     \advance\leftskip \@tempdima \null\nobreak\hskip -\leftskip
+     {#4}\nobreak
+     \leaders\hbox{$\m@th
+        \mkern \@dotsep mu\hbox{.}\mkern \@dotsep
+        mu$}\hfill
+     \nobreak
+     \hb@xt@\@pnumwidth{\hfil\normalfont \normalcolor #5}%
+     \par}%
+  \fi}
+
+%def\l@mtchap{\@bfdottedtocline{1}{\z@}{\tocsectotal}}
+\def\l@mtchap{\@rmdottedtocline{1}{\z@}{\tocsecnum}}
+\def\l@mtsec{\@rmdottedtocline{1}{\tocsecnum}{\tocsubsecnum}}
+
+\newcounter{contribution}
+
+\renewcommand\maketitle{\par\startnewpage
+  \stepcounter{section}%
+  \setcounter{section}{0}%
+  \setcounter{subsection}{0}%
+  \setcounter{figure}{0}
+  \setcounter{table}{0}
+  \setcounter{equation}{0}
+  \setcounter{footnote}{0}%
+  \if@numart
+     \stepcounter{chapter}%
+     \addtocounter{chapter}{-1}%
+  \else
+     \refstepcounter{chapter}%
+  \fi
+  \stepcounter{contribution}%
+  \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\immediate\string\closeout\string\minitoc}%
+  \immediate\write\@auxout{\let\MiniTOC=N}%
+% try to be hyperref-compatible
+  \csname phantomsection\endcsname
+  \begingroup
+    \parindent=\z@
+%%%%%%%%%    \renewcommand\thefootnote{\@fnsymbol\c@footnote}%
+%
+    \renewcommand\thefootnote{\@fnsymbol\c@footnote}%
+    \def\@makefnmark{$^{\@thefnmark}$}%
+    \renewcommand\@makefntext[1]{%
+    \noindent
+    \hb@xt@\bibindent{\hss\@makefnmark\enspace}##1\vrule height0pt
+    width0pt depth8pt}
+%
+    \if@twocolumn
+      \ifnum \col@number=\@ne
+        \@maketitle
+      \else
+        \twocolumn[\@maketitle]%
+      \fi
+    \else
+      \newpage
+      \global\@topnum\z@   % Prevents figures from going at top of page.
+      \@maketitle
+    \fi
+    \@ifundefined{thispagecropped}{}{\thispagecropped}
+    \thispagestyle{bchap}\@thanks
+%
+    \def\\{\unskip\ \ignorespaces}\def\inst##1{\unskip{}}%
+    \def\thanks##1{\unskip{}}\def\fnmsep{\unskip}%
+    \instindent=\hsize
+    \advance\instindent by-\headlineindent
+    \if@numart % keine Nummer
+        \if!\the\toctitle!\addcontentsline{toc}{title}{\@title}\else
+        \addcontentsline{toc}{title}{\the\toctitle}\fi
+    \else
+        \if!\the\toctitle!\addcontentsline{toc}{titlech}{\protect\numberline{\thechapter\thechapterend}\@title}\else
+        \addcontentsline{toc}{titlech}{\protect\numberline{\thechapter\thechapterend}\the\toctitle}\fi
+    \fi
+    \if@runhead
+       \if!\the\titlerunning!\else
+         \edef\@title{\the\titlerunning}%
+       \fi
+       \global\setbox\titrun=\hbox{\small\rm\unboldmath\if@numart\else
+                                   \@seccntformat{chapter}\fi
+                                   \ignorespaces\@title}%
+       \ifdim\wd\titrun>\instindent
+          \typeout{Title too long for running head. Please supply}%
+          \typeout{a shorter form with \string\titlerunning\space prior to
+                   \string\maketitle}%
+          \global\setbox\titrun=\hbox{\small\rm
+          Title Suppressed Due to Excessive Length}%
+       \fi
+       \xdef\@title{\copy\titrun}%
+    \fi
+%
+    \if!\the\tocauthor!\relax
+      {\def\and{\noexpand\protect\noexpand\and}%
+      \protected@xdef\toc@uthor{\@author}}%
+    \else
+      \def\\{\noexpand\protect\noexpand\newline}%
+      \protected@xdef\scratch{\the\tocauthor}%
+      \protected@xdef\toc@uthor{\scratch}%
+    \fi
+    \addtocontents{toc}{\noexpand\protect\noexpand\authcount{\the\c@auco}}%
+    \if@numart
+       \addcontentsline{toc}{author}{\toc@uthor}%
+    \else
+       \addcontentsline{toc}{authorch}{\toc@uthor}%
+    \fi
+    \if@runhead
+       \if!\the\authorrunning!
+         \value{@inst}=\value{@auth}%
+         \setcounter{@auth}{1}%
+       \else
+         \edef\@author{\the\authorrunning}%
+       \fi
+       \global\setbox\authrun=\hbox{\small\unboldmath\@author\unskip}%
+       \ifdim\wd\authrun>\instindent
+          \typeout{Names of authors too long for running head. Please supply}%
+          \typeout{a shorter form with \string\authorrunning\space prior to
+                   \string\maketitle}%
+          \global\setbox\authrun=\hbox{\small\rm
+          Authors Suppressed Due to Excessive Length}%
+       \fi
+       \xdef\scratch{\copy\authrun}%
+       \markboth{\scratch}{\@title}%
+     \fi
+  \endgroup
+% \setcounter{footnote}{0}% footnote starts at (\inst+1)
+  \@afterindentfalse\@afterheading
+  \clearheadinfo}
+%
+\def\@maketitle{\newpage
+ \markboth{}{}%
+ \def\lastand{\ifnum\value{@inst}=2\relax
+                 \unskip{} \andname\
+              \else
+                 \unskip \lastandname\
+              \fi}%
+ \def\and{\stepcounter{@auth}\relax
+          \ifnum\value{@auth}=\value{@inst}%
+             \lastand
+          \else
+             \unskip,
+          \fi}%
+  \raggedright
+ {\chapnumsize
+  \chapnumstyle
+  \pretolerance=10000
+  \let\\=\newline
+% \@hangfrom{\@svsec}%
+%%%  \@svsec
+  \raggedright
+  \hyphenpenalty \@M
+  \interlinepenalty \@M
+  \if@numart
+     \chap@hangfrom{}%!!!
+  \else
+     \chap@hangfrom{\thechapter\thechapterend\hskip\betweenumberspace}%!!!
+  \fi
+  \ignorespaces
+  \chapsize
+  \chapstyle
+  \@title \par}\vskip .8cm
+\if!\@subtitle!\else {\chapnumsize\chapnumstyle
+  \vskip -.65cm
+  \pretolerance=10000
+  \@subtitle \par}\vskip .8cm\fi
+ \setbox0=\vbox{\setcounter{@auth}{1}\def\and{\stepcounter{@auth}}%
+ \def\thanks##1{}\@author}%
+ \global\value{@inst}=\value{@auth}%
+ \global\value{auco}=\value{@auth}%
+ \setcounter{@auth}{1}%
+{\lineskip .5em
+ \noindent\ignorespaces
+ \@author\vskip.35cm}
+ \processmotto % {\small\institutename\par}
+ \institutename
+ \ifdim\pagetotal>157\p@
+     \vskip 11\p@
+ \else
+     \@tempdima=168\p@\advance\@tempdima by-\pagetotal
+     \vskip\@tempdima
+ \fi
+}
+
+\def\email#1{\emailname: \url{#1}}
+
+% Useful environments
+\newenvironment{abbrsymblist}[1][\qquad]
+   {\section*{\abbrsymbname}
+    \mtaddtocont{\protect\contentsline{mtchap}{\abbrsymbname}{\thepage}\hyperhrefextend}
+    \begin{description}[#1]}{\end{description}\addvspace{10\p@}}
+%
+\newenvironment{acknowledgement}{\par\addvspace{17\p@}\small\rm
+\trivlist\item[\hskip\labelsep{\bfseries\ackname}]}
+{\endtrivlist\addvspace{6\p@}}
+%
+\newenvironment{noteadd}{\par\addvspace{17\p@}\small\rm
+\trivlist\item[\hskip\labelsep{\it\noteaddname}]}
+{\endtrivlist\addvspace{6\p@}}
+%
+\DeclareRobustCommand\abstract{\@ifstar\@abstgobl\@abstract}
+\def\@abstract#1{\noindent\textbf{\abstractname} #1\par
+%\@afterindentfalse
+%\@afterheading
+}
+\def\@abstgobl#1{\par
+%\@afterindentfalse
+%\@afterheading
+}
+%
+\newcommand{\keywords}[1]{\par\addvspace\baselineskip
+\noindent\keywordname\enspace\ignorespaces#1}
+%
+% define the running headings of a twoside text
+\def\runheadsize{\small}
+\def\runheadstyle{\rmfamily\upshape}
+\def\customizhead{\hspace{\headlineindent}}
+
+\def\ps@bchap{%\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
+     \let\@oddhead\@empty\let\@evenhead\@empty
+     \def\@oddfoot{\reset@font\small\hfil\thepage}%
+     \let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot}
+
+\def\ps@headings{\let\@mkboth\markboth
+   \let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty
+   \def\@evenhead{\runheadsize\runheadstyle\rlap{\thepage}\hfil
+                  \leftmark}
+   \def\@oddhead{\runheadsize\runheadstyle\rightmark\hfil
+                  \llap{\thepage}}
+   \def\chaptermark##1{\markboth{{\ifnum\c@secnumdepth>\m@ne
+      \thechapter\thechapterend\hskip\betweenumberspace\fi ##1}}{{\ifnum %!!!
+      \c@secnumdepth>\m@ne\thechapter\thechapterend\hskip\betweenumberspace\fi ##1}}}%!!!
+   \def\sectionmark##1{\markright{{\ifnum\c@secnumdepth>\z@
+      \thesection\hskip\betweenumberspace\fi ##1}}}}
+
+\def\ps@myheadings{\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
+   \let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty
+   \def\@evenhead{\runheadsize\runheadstyle\rlap{\thepage}\hfil
+                  \leftmark}
+   \def\@oddhead{\runheadsize\runheadstyle\rightmark\hfil
+                  \llap{\thepage}}
+   \let\chaptermark\@gobble
+   \let\sectionmark\@gobble
+   \let\subsectionmark\@gobble}
+
+\if@runhead\ps@myheadings\else
+\ps@empty\fi
+
+\endinput
+%end of file svmult.cls

diff --git a/chapitre-2009/svind.ist b/chapitre-2009/svind.ist
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..11bf366
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapitre-2009/svind.ist
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+headings_flag 1
+heading_prefix "{\\bf "
+heading_suffix "}\\nopagebreak%\n \\indexspace\\nopagebreak%"
+delim_0 "\\idxquad "
+delim_1 "\\idxquad "
+delim_2 "\\idxquad "
+delim_n ",\\,"

diff --git a/chapitre-2009/svindd.ist b/chapitre-2009/svindd.ist
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..29ac73a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapitre-2009/svindd.ist
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+quote '+'
+headings_flag 1
+heading_prefix "{\\bf "
+heading_suffix "}\\nopagebreak%\n \\indexspace\\nopagebreak%"
+delim_0 "\\idxquad "
+delim_1 "\\idxquad "
+delim_2 "\\idxquad "
+delim_n ",\\,"

diff --git a/chapitre-2009/svmult.cls b/chapitre-2009/svmult.cls
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..b7245b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chapitre-2009/svmult.cls
@@ -0,0 +1,2369 @@
+% SVMULT DOCUMENT CLASS -- version 5.4 (25-Jun-07)
+% Springer Verlag global LaTeX2e support for multi authored books
+%%
+%%
+%% \CharacterTable
+%%  {Upper-case    \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
+%%   Lower-case    \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
+%%   Digits        \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
+%%   Exclamation   \!     Double quote  \"     Hash (number) \#
+%%   Dollar        \$     Percent       \%     Ampersand     \&
+%%   Acute accent  \'     Left paren    \(     Right paren   \)
+%%   Asterisk      \*     Plus          \+     Comma         \,
+%%   Minus         \-     Point         \.     Solidus       \/
+%%   Colon         \:     Semicolon     \;     Less than     \<
+%%   Equals        \=     Greater than  \>     Question mark \?
+%%   Commercial at \@     Left bracket  \[     Backslash     \\
+%%   Right bracket \]     Circumflex    \^     Underscore    \_
+%%   Grave accent  \`     Left brace    \{     Vertical bar  \|
+%%   Right brace   \}     Tilde         \~}
+%%
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]
+\ProvidesClass{svmult}[2007/06/25 v5.4
+^^JSpringer Verlag global LaTeX document class for multi authored books]
+% Options
+% citations
+\DeclareOption{natbib}{\ExecuteOptions{oribibl}%
+\AtEndOfClass{% Loading package 'NATBIB'
+\RequirePackage{natbib}
+% Changing some parameters of NATBIB
+\setlength{\bibhang}{\parindent}
+%\setlength{\bibsep}{0mm}
+\let\bibfont=\small
+\def\@biblabel#1{#1.}
+\newcommand{\etal}{\textit{et al}.}
+%\bibpunct[,]{(}{)}{;}{a}{}{,}}}
+}}
+% Springer environment
+\let\if@spthms\iftrue
+\DeclareOption{nospthms}{\let\if@spthms\iffalse}
+%
+\let\envankh\@empty   % no anchor for "theorems"
+%
+\let\if@envcntreset\iffalse % environment counter is not reset
+\let\if@envcntresetsect=\iffalse % reset each section
+\DeclareOption{envcountresetchap}{\let\if@envcntreset\iftrue}
+\DeclareOption{envcountresetsect}{\let\if@envcntreset\iftrue
+\let\if@envcntresetsect=\iftrue}
+%
+\let\if@envcntsame\iffalse  % NOT all environments work like "Theorem",
+                            % each using its own counter
+\DeclareOption{envcountsame}{\let\if@envcntsame\iftrue}
+%
+\let\if@envcntshowhiercnt=\iffalse % do not show hierarchy counter at all
+%
+% enhance theorem counter
+\DeclareOption{envcountchap}{\def\envankh{chapter}% show \thechapter along with theorem number
+\let\if@envcntshowhiercnt=\iftrue}
+%
+\DeclareOption{envcountsect}{\def\envankh{section}% show \thesection along with theorem number
+\let\if@envcntshowhiercnt=\iftrue
+\ExecuteOptions{envcountresetsect}}
+% reset environment counters every new contribution by default
+\ExecuteOptions{envcountresetchap}
+%
+% languages
+\let\switcht@@therlang\relax
+\let\svlanginfo\relax
+\def\ds@deutsch{\def\switcht@@therlang{\switcht@deutsch}%
+\gdef\svlanginfo{\typeout{Man spricht deutsch.}\global\let\svlanginfo\relax}}
+\def\ds@francais{\def\switcht@@therlang{\switcht@francais}%
+\gdef\svlanginfo{\typeout{On parle francais.}\global\let\svlanginfo\relax}}
+%
+\AtBeginDocument{\@ifundefined{url}{\def\url#1{#1}}{}%
+\@ifpackageloaded{babel}{%
+\@ifundefined{extrasamerican}{}{\addto\extrasamerican{\switcht@albion}}%
+\@ifundefined{extrasaustralian}{}{\addto\extrasaustralian{\switcht@albion}}%
+\@ifundefined{extrasbritish}{}{\addto\extrasbritish{\switcht@albion}}%
+\@ifundefined{extrascanadian}{}{\addto\extrascanadian{\switcht@albion}}%
+\@ifundefined{extrasenglish}{}{\addto\extrasenglish{\switcht@albion}}%
+\@ifundefined{extrasnewzealand}{}{\addto\extrasnewzealand{\switcht@albion}}%
+\@ifundefined{extrasUKenglish}{}{\addto\extrasUKenglish{\switcht@albion}}%
+\@ifundefined{extrasUSenglish}{}{\addto\extrasUSenglish{\switcht@albion}}%
+\@ifundefined{captionsfrench}{}{\addto\captionsfrench{\switcht@francais}}%
+\@ifundefined{extrasgerman}{}{\addto\extrasgerman{\switcht@deutsch}}%
+\@ifundefined{extrasngerman}{}{\addto\extrasngerman{\switcht@deutsch}}%
+}{\switcht@@therlang}%
+}
+% numbering style of floats, equations
+% \newif\if@numart   \@numartfalse
+% \DeclareOption{numart}{\@numarttrue}
+% numbering of headings
+\let\if@chapnum=\iftrue
+\def\nixchapnum{\let\if@chapnum\iffalse}
+\def\numstyle{0}
+\DeclareOption{nosecnum}{\def\numstyle{1}}%
+% \DeclareOption{nochapnum}{\def\numstyle{2}}%
+% \DeclareOption{nonum}{\def\numstyle{3}}%
+\def\set@numbering{\ifcase\numstyle %\if@numart\else\num@book\fi %default
+\or % 1-case - no \section-numbers
+\setcounter{secnumdepth}{0}% \if@numart\else\num@book\fi
+% \or % 2-case
+% % chapter not numbered, but \sections are
+% \def\thesection{\@arabic\c@section}%
+% \nixchapnum
+% \or % 3-case
+% % neither chapter nor sections numbered + "numart"
+% \nixchapnum
+% \setcounter{secnumdepth}{0}%
+\else\fi}
+\AtEndOfClass{\set@numbering}
+% style for vectors
+\DeclareOption{vecphys}{\def\vec@style{phys}}
+\DeclareOption{vecarrow}{\def\vec@style{arrow}}
+% running heads
+\let\if@runhead\iftrue
+\DeclareOption{norunningheads}{\let\if@runhead\iffalse}
+% referee option
+\let\if@referee\iffalse
+\def\makereferee{\def\baselinestretch{2}\selectfont
+\newbox\refereebox
+\setbox\refereebox=\vbox to\z@{\vskip0.5cm%
+  \hbox to\textwidth{\normalsize\tt\hrulefill\lower0.5ex
+        \hbox{\kern5\p@ referee's copy\kern5\p@}\hrulefill}\vss}%
+\def\@oddfoot{\copy\refereebox}\let\@evenfoot=\@oddfoot}
+\DeclareOption{referee}{\let\if@referee\iftrue
+\AtBeginDocument{\makereferee\small\normalsize}}
+% modification of thebibliography
+\let\if@openbib\iffalse
+\DeclareOption{openbib}{\let\if@openbib\iftrue}
+% LaTeX standard, sectionwise references
+\DeclareOption{oribibl}{\let\oribibl=Y}
+\DeclareOption{chaprefs}{\let\chpbibl=Y}
+%
+% footinfo option (provides an informatory line on every page)
+\def\SpringerMacroPackageNameA{svmult.cls}
+% \thetime, \thedate and \timstamp are macros to include
+% time, date (or both) of the TeX run in the document
+\def\maketimestamp{\count255=\time
+\divide\count255 by 60\relax
+\edef\thetime{\the\count255:}%
+\multiply\count255 by-60\relax
+\advance\count255 by\time
+\edef\thetime{\thetime\ifnum\count255<10 0\fi\the\count255}
+\edef\thedate{\number\day-\ifcase\month\or Jan\or Feb\or Mar\or
+             Apr\or May\or Jun\or Jul\or Aug\or Sep\or Oct\or
+             Nov\or Dec\fi-\number\year}
+\def\timstamp{\hbox to\hsize{\tt\hfil\thedate\hfil\thetime\hfil}}}
+\maketimestamp
+%
+% \footinfo generates a info footline on every page containing
+% pagenumber, jobname, macroname, and timestamp
+\DeclareOption{footinfo}{\AtBeginDocument{\maketimestamp
+   \def\ps@empty{\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
+   \let\@oddhead\@empty\let\@evenhead\@empty}%
+   \def\@oddfoot{\scriptsize\tt Page:\,\thepage\space\hfil
+                 job:\,\jobname\space\hfil
+                 macro:\,\SpringerMacroPackageNameA\space\hfil
+                 date/time:\,\thedate/\thetime}%
+   \let\@evenfoot=\@oddfoot}}
+%
+% start new chapter on any page
+\newif\if@openright \@openrighttrue
+\DeclareOption{openany}{\@openrightfalse}
+%
+% no size changing allowed
+\DeclareOption{11pt}{\OptionNotUsed}
+\DeclareOption{12pt}{\OptionNotUsed}
+% options for the article class
+\def\@rticle@options{10pt,twoside}
+% fleqn
+\DeclareOption{fleqn}{\def\@rticle@options{10pt,twoside,fleqn}%
+\AtEndOfClass{\let\leftlegendglue\relax}%
+\AtBeginDocument{\mathindent\parindent}}
+% hanging sectioning titles
+\let\if@sechang\iftrue
+\DeclareOption{nosechang}{\let\if@sechang\iffalse}
+% hanging sectioning titles
+\def\ClassInfoNoLine#1#2{%
+   \ClassInfo{#1}{#2\@gobble}%
+}
+%
+\DeclareOption{graybox}{%
+\AtEndOfClass{% Loading color package
+\RequirePackage{color}%
+% defining values of gray
+\definecolor{shadecolor}{gray}{.85}%
+\definecolor{tintedcolor}{gray}{.80}%
+\RequirePackage{framed}%
+%
+\newenvironment{tinted}{%
+  \def\FrameCommand{\colorbox{tintedcolor}}%
+  \MakeFramed {\FrameRestore}}%
+ {\endMakeFramed}%
+%
+\renewenvironment{svgraybox}%
+       {\fboxsep=12pt\relax
+        \begin{shaded}%
+        \list{}{\leftmargin=12pt\rightmargin=2\leftmargin\leftmargin=\z@\topsep=\z@\relax}%
+        \expandafter\item\parindent=\svparindent
+        \hskip-\listparindent}%
+       {\endlist\end{shaded}}%
+%
+\renewenvironment{svtintedbox}%
+       {\fboxsep=12pt\relax
+        \begin{tinted}%
+        \list{}{\leftmargin=12pt\rightmargin=2\leftmargin\leftmargin=\z@\topsep=\z@\relax}%
+        \expandafter\item\parindent=\svparindent
+        \relax}%
+       {\endlist\end{tinted}}%
+%
+}}
+%
+\let\SVMultOpt\@empty
+\DeclareOption*{\InputIfFileExists{sv\CurrentOption.clo}{%
+\global\let\SVMultOpt\CurrentOption}{%
+\ClassWarning{Springer-SVMult}{Specified option or subpackage
+"\CurrentOption" \MessageBreak not found -
+passing it to article class \MessageBreak
+-}\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{article}%
+}}
+\ProcessOptions\relax
+\ifx\SVMultOpt\@empty\relax
+\ClassInfoNoLine{Springer-SVMult}{extra/valid Springer sub-package
+\MessageBreak not found in option list - using "global" style}{}
+\fi
+\LoadClass[\@rticle@options]{article}
+\raggedbottom
+
+% various sizes and settings for contributed works
+
+\setlength{\textwidth}{117mm}
+%\setlength{\textheight}{12pt}\multiply\textheight by 45\relax
+\setlength{\textheight}{191mm}
+\setlength{\topmargin}{0cm}
+\setlength\oddsidemargin   {63\p@}
+\setlength\evensidemargin  {63\p@}
+\setlength\marginparwidth{90\p@}
+\setlength\headsep   {12\p@}
+
+\newdimen\svparindent
+\setlength{\svparindent}{12\p@}
+\parindent\svparindent
+
+\newdimen\bibindent
+\setlength\bibindent{\parindent}
+
+\setlength{\parskip}{\z@ \@plus \p@}
+\setlength{\hfuzz}{2\p@}
+\setlength{\arraycolsep}{1.5\p@}
+
+\frenchspacing
+
+\tolerance=500
+
+\predisplaypenalty=0
+\clubpenalty=10000
+\widowpenalty=10000
+
+\setlength\footnotesep{7.7\p@}
+
+\newdimen\betweenumberspace          % dimension for space between
+\betweenumberspace=5\p@              % number and text of titles
+\newdimen\headlineindent             % dimension for space of
+\headlineindent=2.5cc                % number and gap of running heads
+
+% fonts, sizes, and the like
+\renewcommand\normalsize{%
+   \@setfontsize\normalsize\@xpt\@xiipt
+   \abovedisplayskip 10\p@ % \@plus2\p@ \@minus5\p@
+   \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ % \@plus3\p@
+   \belowdisplayshortskip 6\p@ %\@plus3\p@ \@minus3\p@
+   \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
+   \let\@listi\@listI}
+\normalsize
+\renewcommand\small{%
+   \@setfontsize\small{8.5}{10}%
+   \abovedisplayskip 8.5\p@ % \@plus3\p@ \@minus4\p@
+   \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ %\@plus2\p@
+   \belowdisplayshortskip 4\p@ %\@plus2\p@ \@minus2\p@
+   \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
+               \parsep \z@ \@plus\p@ \@minus\p@
+               \topsep 6\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@
+               \itemsep\z@}%
+   \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
+}
+%
+\let\footnotesize=\small
+%
+\renewcommand\Large{\@setfontsize\large{14}{16}}
+\newcommand\LArge{\@setfontsize\Large{16}{18}}
+\renewcommand\LARGE{\@setfontsize\LARGE{18}{20}}
+%
+\newenvironment{petit}{\par\addvspace{6\p@}\small}{\par\addvspace{6\p@}}
+%
+
+% modification of automatic positioning of floating objects
+\setlength\@fptop{\z@ }
+\setlength\@fpsep{12\p@ }
+\setlength\@fpbot{\z@ \@plus 1fil }
+\def\textfraction{.01}
+\def\floatpagefraction{.8}
+\setlength{\intextsep}{20\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
+\setlength\textfloatsep{24\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 4\p@}
+\setcounter{topnumber}{4}
+\def\topfraction{.9}
+\setcounter{bottomnumber}{2}
+\def\bottomfraction{.7}
+\setcounter{totalnumber}{6}
+%
+% size and style of headings
+\newcommand{\partnumsize}{\LArge}
+\newcommand{\partnumstyle}{\bfseries\boldmath}
+\newcommand{\partsize}{\LARGE}
+\newcommand{\partstyle}{\bfseries\boldmath}
+\newcommand{\chapnumsize}{\Large}
+\newcommand{\chapnumstyle}{\bfseries\boldmath}
+\newcommand{\chapsize}{\LArge}
+\newcommand{\chapstyle}{\bfseries\boldmath}
+\newcommand{\chapauthsize}{\normalsize}
+\newcommand{\chapauthstyle}{\bfseries\boldmath}
+\newcommand{\mottosize}{\small}
+\newcommand{\mottostyle}{\itshape\unboldmath\raggedright}
+\newcommand{\secsize}{\large}
+\newcommand{\secstyle}{\bfseries\boldmath}
+\newcommand{\subsecsize}{\large}
+\newcommand{\subsecstyle}{\bfseries\itshape\boldmath}
+\newcommand{\subsubsecstyle}{\bfseries\boldmath}
+%
+\def\cleardoublepage{\clearpage\if@twoside \ifodd\c@page\else
+    \hbox{}\newpage\if@twocolumn\hbox{}\newpage\fi\fi\fi}
+
+\newcommand{\clearemptydoublepage}{%
+        \clearpage{\pagestyle{empty}\cleardoublepage}}
+\newcommand{\startnewpage}{\if@openright\clearemptydoublepage\else\clearpage\fi}
+
+% MiniTOC
+% one outputstream for all minitocs
+\newwrite\minitoc
+\let\MiniTOC=N % switch for MT processing in .aux files
+\newcounter{minitocdepth}
+\setcounter{minitocdepth}{0}
+
+% stolen from LaTeX.ltx - read miniTOC and redirect output stream
+\long\def \protected@immwrite#1#2#3{%
+      \begingroup
+       \let\thepage\relax
+       #2%
+       \let\protect\@unexpandable@protect
+       \edef\reserved@a{\immediate\write#1{#3}}%
+       \reserved@a
+      \endgroup
+      \if@nobreak\ifvmode\nobreak\fi\fi}
+%
+\newcommand{\@mtstarttoc}[1]
+{\begingroup
+ \makeatletter
+ \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\immediate\string\closeout\string\minitoc}%
+ \typeout{input jobname.#1}%
+\small
+ \@input{\jobname.#1}%
+ \protected@immwrite\@auxout
+   {\let\label\@gobble \let\index\@gobble
+    \let\glossary\@gobble}%
+   {\immediate\openout\minitoc \jobname.#1\relax}
+ \global\@nobreakfalse\endgroup}
+%
+\newcommand{\@mtstarttocquiet}[1]
+{\begingroup
+ \makeatletter
+ \protected@write\@auxout
+   {\let\label\@gobble \let\index\@gobble
+    \let\glossary\@gobble}%
+   {\immediate\openout\minitoc \jobname.#1\relax}
+ \global\@nobreakfalse\endgroup}
+%
+\newcommand{\mtaddtocont}[1]
+{\protected@write \@auxout
+  {\let\label\@gobble \let\index\@gobble
+   \let\glossary\@gobble}%
+  {\string\@mtwritefile{#1}}}
+%
+\newcommand{\@mtwritefile}[1]{\if Y\MiniTOC
+\@temptokena{#1} \immediate\write\minitoc{\the\@temptokena}\fi}
+
+\AtEndDocument{\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\immediate\string\closeout\string\minitoc}}
+
+\newcommand{\dominitoc}{% switch \let\MiniTOC=Y
+    \protected@immwrite\@auxout{}{\let\MiniTOC=Y}%
+    \ifnum \c@minitocdepth<1
+        \@mtstarttocquiet{t\thecontribution}\relax
+    \else
+        \@mtstarttoc{t\thecontribution}\par\addvspace\bigskipamount
+    \fi}
+
+% redefinition of \part
+\renewcommand\part{\clearemptydoublepage
+         \thispagestyle{empty}
+         \if@twocolumn
+            \onecolumn
+            \@tempswatrue
+         \else
+            \@tempswafalse
+         \fi
+         \@ifundefined{thispagecropped}{}{\thispagecropped}
+         \secdef\@part\@spart}
+
+\def\@part[#1]#2{\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >-2\relax
+        \refstepcounter{part}
+        \addcontentsline{toc}{part}{\partname\
+        \thepart\thechapterend\hspace{\betweenumberspace}%
+        #1}\else
+        \addcontentsline{toc}{part}{#1}\fi
+   \markboth{}{}
+   {\raggedleft
+    \hyphenpenalty \@M
+    \interlinepenalty\@M
+    \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >-2\relax
+      \normalfont\partnumsize\partnumstyle %\vrule height 34pt width 0pt depth 0pt%
+     \partname\ \thepart %\llap{\smash{\lower 5pt\hbox to\textwidth{\hrulefill}}}
+    \par
+    \vskip 2\p@ \fi
+    \partsize\partstyle #2\par}\@endpart}
+%
+% \@endpart finishes the part page
+%
+\def\@endpart{\vfil\newpage
+   \if@twoside
+       \hbox{}
+       \thispagestyle{empty}
+       \newpage
+   \fi
+   \if@tempswa
+     \twocolumn
+   \fi}
+%
+\def\@spart#1{{\raggedleft
+   \normalfont\partsize\partstyle
+   #1\par}\@endpart}
+%
+\newenvironment{partbacktext}{\def\@endpart{\vfil\newpage}}
+{\thispagestyle{empty} \newpage}
+%
+% (re)define sectioning
+\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
+
+\def\seccounterend{}
+\def\seccountergap{\hskip\betweenumberspace}
+\def\@seccntformat#1{\csname the#1\endcsname\seccounterend\seccountergap\ignorespaces}
+%
+\let\firstmark=\botmark
+%
+\@ifundefined{thechapterend}{\def\thechapterend{}}{}
+%
+\if@sechang
+   \def\sec@hangfrom#1{\setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{#1}%
+         \hangindent\wd\@tempboxa\noindent\box\@tempboxa}
+\else
+   \def\sec@hangfrom#1{\setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{#1}%
+         \hangindent\z@\noindent\box\@tempboxa}
+\fi
+
+\def\chap@hangfrom#1{\if!#1!\else
+\@chapapp\ #1\vskip2pt\fi}
+\def\schap@hangfrom{\chap@hangfrom{}}
+
+\newcounter{chapter}
+
+\newif\if@mainmatter \@mainmattertrue
+\newcommand\frontmatter{\startnewpage
+            \@mainmatterfalse\pagenumbering{roman}
+            \setcounter{page}{5}}
+%
+\newcommand\mainmatter{\clearemptydoublepage
+            \@mainmattertrue
+            \markboth{}{}
+            \pagenumbering{arabic}}
+%
+\newcommand\backmatter{%
+\setcounter{minitocdepth}{0}%
+\pagestyle{headings}%
+\clearemptydoublepage %\@mainmatterfalse
+\let\appendix=\bppendix
+\def\bibsection{\chapter*{\refname}\@mkboth{\refname}{\refname}%
+     \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\refname}%
+     \csname biblst@rthook\endcsname\par}%
+}
+
+\renewenvironment{titlepage}
+    {%
+      \cleardoublepage
+      \if@twocolumn
+        \@restonecoltrue\onecolumn
+      \else
+        \@restonecolfalse\newpage
+      \fi
+      \thispagestyle{empty}%
+      \addtocounter{page}\m@ne
+  \def\and{\unskip, }
+  \parindent=\z@
+  \pretolerance=10000
+  \rightskip=0pt plus 1fil
+  \large                    % default size for titlepage
+  \vspace*{2em}             % Vertical space above title.
+ }{{\LARGE                   % each author set in \LARGE
+   \lineskip .5em
+   \@author
+   \par}%
+  \vskip 2cm                % Vertical space after author.
+  {\Huge\bfseries\@title \par}% Title set in \Huge size and bold face
+  \vskip 1cm                % Vertical space after title.
+  \if!\@subtitle!\else
+   {\LARGE\ignorespaces\@subtitle \par}
+   \vskip 1cm               % Vertical space after subtitle.
+  \fi
+  \if!\@date!\else
+    \@date
+    \par
+    \vskip 1.5em            % Vertical space after date.
+  \fi
+ \vfill
+ {\Large\bfseries Springer\par}
+%\vskip 3pt
+%\itshape
+%  Berlin\enspace Heidelberg\enspace New\kern0.1em York\\
+%  Hong\kern0.2em Kong\enspace London\\
+%  Milan\enspace Paris\enspace Tokyo\par
+     \if@restonecol\twocolumn \else \newpage \fi
+     \if@twoside\else
+        \setcounter{page}\@ne
+     \fi
+ \clearheadinfo
+}
+
+\def\@chapapp{\chaptername}
+
+\newdimen\mottowidth
+\newcommand\motto[2][77mm]{%
+\setlength{\mottowidth}{#1}%
+\gdef\m@ttotext{#2}}
+%
+\newcommand{\processmotto}{\@ifundefined{m@ttotext}{}{%
+    \setbox0=\hbox{\vbox{\hyphenpenalty=50
+    \begin{flushright}
+    \begin{minipage}{\mottowidth}
+       \vrule\@width\z@\@height21\p@\@depth\z@
+       \normalfont\mottosize\mottostyle\m@ttotext
+    \end{minipage}
+    \end{flushright}}}%
+    \@tempdima=\pagetotal
+    \advance\@tempdima by\ht0
+    \ifdim\@tempdima<157\p@
+       \multiply\@tempdima by-1
+       \advance\@tempdima by157\p@
+       \vskip\@tempdima
+    \fi
+    \box0\par
+    \global\let\m@ttotext=\undefined}}
+
+\newcommand{\chapsubtitle}[1]{%
+\gdef\ch@psubtitle{#1}}
+%
+\newcommand{\processchapsubtit}{\@ifundefined{ch@psubtitle}{}{%
+    {\normalfont\chapnumsize\chapnumstyle
+    \vskip 14\p@
+    \ch@psubtitle
+    \par}
+    \global\let\ch@psubtitle=\undefined}}
+
+\newcommand{\chapauthor}[1]{%
+\gdef\ch@pauthor{#1}}
+%
+\newcommand{\processchapauthor}{\@ifundefined{ch@pauthor}{}{%
+    {\normalfont\chapauthsize\chapauthstyle
+    \vskip 20\p@
+    \ch@pauthor
+    \par}
+    \global\let\ch@pauthor=\undefined}}
+
+\newcommand\chapter{\startnewpage
+                    \@ifundefined{thispagecropped}{}{\thispagecropped}
+                    \thispagestyle{bchap}%
+                    \if@chapnum\else
+                       \begingroup
+                         \let\@elt\@stpelt
+                         \csname cl@chapter\endcsname
+                       \endgroup
+                    \fi
+                    \global\@topnum\z@
+                    \@afterindentfalse
+                    \secdef\@chapter\@schapter}
+
+\def\@chapter[#1]#2{\if@chapnum  % war mal \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
+                       \refstepcounter{chapter}%
+                       \if@mainmatter
+                         \typeout{\@chapapp\space\thechapter.}%
+                         \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\protect
+                                  \numberline{\thechapter\thechapterend}#1}%
+                       \else
+                         \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#1}%
+                       \fi
+                    \else
+                      \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#1}%
+                    \fi
+                    \chaptermark{#1}%
+                    \addtocontents{lof}{\protect\addvspace{10\p@}}%
+                    \addtocontents{lot}{\protect\addvspace{10\p@}}%
+                    \if@twocolumn
+                      \@topnewpage[\@makechapterhead{#2}]%
+                    \else
+                      \@makechapterhead{#2}%
+                      \@afterheading
+                    \fi}
+
+\def\@schapter#1{\if@twocolumn
+                   \@topnewpage[\@makeschapterhead{#1}]%
+                 \else
+                   \@makeschapterhead{#1}%
+                   \@afterheading
+                 \fi}
+
+%%changes position and layout of numbered chapter headings
+\def\@makechapterhead#1{{\parindent\z@\raggedright\normalfont
+  \hyphenpenalty \@M
+  \interlinepenalty\@M
+  \if@chapnum
+     \chapnumsize\chapnumstyle
+     \@chapapp\ \thechapter\thechapterend\par
+     \vskip 2\p@
+  \fi
+  \chapsize\chapstyle
+  \ignorespaces#1\par\nobreak
+  \processchapsubtit
+  \processchapauthor
+  \processmotto
+  \ifdim\pagetotal>167\p@
+     \vskip 11\p@
+  \else
+     \@tempdima=167\p@\advance\@tempdima by-\pagetotal
+     \vskip\@tempdima
+  \fi}}
+
+%%changes position and layout of unnumbered chapter headings
+\def\@makeschapterhead#1{{\parindent \z@ \raggedright\normalfont
+  \hyphenpenalty \@M
+  \interlinepenalty\@M
+  \chapsize\chapstyle
+  \ignorespaces#1\par\nobreak
+  \processmotto
+  \ifdim\pagetotal>167\p@
+     \vskip 11\p@
+  \else
+     \@tempdima=168\p@\advance\@tempdima by-\pagetotal
+     \vskip\@tempdima
+  \fi}}
+%
+% dedication environment
+\newenvironment{dedication}
+{\clearemptydoublepage
+\thispagestyle{empty}
+\vspace*{13\baselineskip}
+\large\itshape
+\let\\\@centercr\@rightskip\@flushglue \rightskip\@rightskip
+\leftskip4cm\parindent\z@\relax
+\everypar{\parindent=\svparindent\let\everypar\empty}}{\clearpage}
+%
+% predefined unnumbered headings
+\newcommand{\preface}[1][\prefacename]{\chapter*{#1}\markboth{#1}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\foreword}[1][\forewordname]{\chapter*{#1}\markboth{#1}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\contributors}[1][\contriblistname]{\chapter*{#1}\markboth{#1}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\extrachap}[1]{\chapter*{#1}\markboth{#1}{#1}}
+% same with TOC entry
+\newcommand{\Extrachap}[1]{\chapter*{#1}\markboth{#1}{#1}%
+\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#1}}
+
+% measures and setting of sections
+\renewcommand\section{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}%
+                       {-30\p@}% \p@lus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}%
+                       {16\p@}% \p@lus 4\p@ \@minus 4\p@}%
+                       {\normalfont\secsize\secstyle
+                        \rightskip=\z@ \@plus 8em\pretolerance=10000 }}
+\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
+                       {-30\p@}% \p@lus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}%
+                       {16\p@}% \p@lus 4\p@ \@minus 4\p@}%
+                       {\normalfont\subsecsize\subsecstyle
+                        \rightskip=\z@ \@plus 8em\pretolerance=10000 }}
+\renewcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
+                       {-24\p@}% \p@lus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}%
+                       {12\p@}% \p@lus 4\p@ \@minus 4\p@}%
+                       {\normalfont\normalsize\subsubsecstyle
+                        \rightskip=\z@ \@plus 8em\pretolerance=10000 }}
+\renewcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
+                       {-24\p@}% \p@lus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}%
+                       {12\p@}% \p@lus 4\p@ \@minus 4\p@}%
+                       {\normalfont\normalsize\upshape
+                        \rightskip=\z@ \@plus 8em\pretolerance=10000 }}
+\renewcommand\subparagraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
+                       {-18\p@}% \p@lus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}%
+                       {6\p@}% \p@lus 4\p@ \@minus 4\p@}%
+                       {\normalfont\normalsize\itshape
+                        \rightskip=\z@ \@plus 8em\pretolerance=10000 }}
+\newcommand\runinhead{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
+                       {-6\p@}% \p@lus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}%
+                       {-6\p@}%
+                       {\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries\boldmath
+                        \rightskip=\z@ \@plus 8em\pretolerance=10000 }}
+\newcommand\subruninhead{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
+                       {-6\p@}% \p@lus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}%
+                       {-6\p@}%
+                       {\normalfont\normalsize\itshape
+                        \rightskip=\z@ \@plus 8em\pretolerance=10000 }}
+
+% Appendix
+\renewcommand\appendix{\par}         %article appendix
+
+\newcommand\bppendix{\startnewpage            %book appendix
+                \pagestyle{headings}
+                \stepcounter{chapter}
+                \setcounter{chapter}{0}
+                \stepcounter{section}
+                \setcounter{section}{0}
+                \setcounter{equation}{0}
+                \setcounter{figure}{0}
+                \setcounter{table}{0}
+                \setcounter{footnote}{0}
+\let\if@chapnum=\iftrue
+\def\@chapapp{\appendixname}
+\renewcommand\thechapter{\@Alph\c@chapter}
+\renewcommand\thesection{\thechapter.\@arabic\c@section}
+\renewcommand\thesubsection{\thesection.\@arabic\c@subsection}
+\renewcommand\theequation{\thechapter.\@arabic\c@equation}
+\renewcommand\thefigure{\thechapter.\@arabic\c@figure}
+\renewcommand\thetable{\thechapter.\@arabic\c@table}}
+
+\def\hyperhrefextend{\ifx\hyper@anchor\@undefined\else
+{\@currentHref}\fi}
+
+\def\runinsep{}
+\def\aftertext{\unskip\runinsep}
+%
+%
+\def\@ssect#1#2#3#4#5{%
+  \@tempskipa #3\relax
+  \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
+    \begingroup
+      #4{%
+        \@hangfrom{\hskip #1}%
+          \raggedright
+          \hyphenpenalty \@M
+          \interlinepenalty \@M #5\@@par}%
+    \endgroup
+  \else
+    \def\@svsechd{#4{\hskip #1\relax #5}}%
+  \fi
+  \@xsect{#3}}
+%
+\def\@sect#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8{%
+   \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth
+      \let\@svsec\@empty
+   \else
+      \refstepcounter{#1}%
+      \protected@edef\@svsec{\@seccntformat{#1}\relax}%
+   \fi
+   \@tempskipa #5\relax
+   \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
+      \begingroup #6\relax
+         \sec@hangfrom{\hskip #3\relax\@svsec}%
+         {\raggedright
+          \hyphenpenalty \@M
+          \interlinepenalty \@M #8\@@par}%
+      \endgroup
+      \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}%
+      \addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{%
+        \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
+          \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}%
+        \fi
+        #7}%
+      \ifnum #2>\c@minitocdepth \else
+         \mtaddtocont{\protect\contentsline
+             \ifnum #2>\@ne{mtsec}\else{mtchap}\fi
+             \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth
+                {#7}%
+             \else
+                {\protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}#7}%
+             \fi
+             {\thepage}\hyperhrefextend}%
+      \fi
+   \else
+      \def\@svsechd{%
+         #6\hskip #3\relax
+         \@svsec #8\aftertext\ignorespaces
+         \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}%
+         \addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{%
+            \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
+                \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}%
+            \fi
+            #7}}%
+   \fi
+   \@xsect{#5}}
+
+% figures and tables are processed in small print
+\def \@floatboxreset {%
+        \reset@font
+        \small
+        \@setnobreak
+        \@setminipage
+}
+\def\fps@figure{htbp}
+\def\fps@table{htbp}
+%
+% Frame for paste-in figures or tables
+\def\mpicplace#1#2{%  #1 =width   #2 =height
+\vbox{\hbox to #1{\vrule\@width \fboxrule \@height #2\hfill}}}
+%
+\newenvironment{svgraybox}%
+       {\ClassWarning{Springer-SVMono}{Environment "svgraybox" not available,\MessageBreak
+         switching over to "quotation" environment;\MessageBreak
+         specify documentclass option "graybox",\MessageBreak
+         see SVMono documentation -}%
+                \par\addvspace{6pt}
+                \list{}{\listparindent12\p@%
+                        \leftmargin=12\p@%
+                        \itemindent    \listparindent
+                        \rightmargin   \leftmargin
+                        \parsep        \z@ \@plus\p@}%
+                \expandafter\item\parindent=\svparindent
+                \relax\hskip-\listparindent}%
+       {\endlist}%
+%
+\newenvironment{svtintedbox}%
+       {\ClassWarning{Springer-SVMono}{Environment "svtintedbox" not available,\MessageBreak
+         switching over to "quotation" environment;\MessageBreak
+         specify documentclass option "graybox",\MessageBreak
+         see SVMono documentation -}%
+                \par\addvspace{6pt}
+                \list{}{\listparindent12\p@%
+                        \leftmargin=12\p@%
+                        \itemindent    \listparindent
+                        \rightmargin   \leftmargin
+                        \parsep        \z@ \@plus\p@}%
+                \expandafter\item\parindent=\svparindent
+                \relax\hskip-\listparindent}%
+       {\endlist}%
+%
+\renewenvironment{quotation}
+               {\par\addvspace{6pt}
+                \list{}{\listparindent12\p@%
+                        \leftmargin=12\p@%
+                        \itemindent    \listparindent
+                        \rightmargin   \leftmargin
+                        \parsep        \z@ \@plus\p@%
+                        \small}%
+                \item\relax\hskip-\listparindent}
+               {\endlist}
+%
+\renewenvironment{quote}
+               {\par\addvspace{6pt}
+                \list{}{\leftmargin=12\p@%
+                \rightmargin\leftmargin
+                \parsep=3\p@
+                \small}%
+                \item\relax}
+               {\endlist}
+
+% labels of enumerate
+\renewcommand\labelenumii{\theenumii.}
+\renewcommand\theenumii{\@alph\c@enumii}
+
+% labels of itemize
+\renewcommand\labelitemi{\textbullet}
+\renewcommand\labelitemii{\textendash}
+\let\labelitemiii=\labelitemiv
+
+% labels of description
+\renewcommand*\descriptionlabel[1]{\hspace\labelsep #1\hfil}
+
+% fixed indentation for standard itemize-environment
+\newdimen\svitemindent \setlength{\svitemindent}{\parindent}
+
+
+% make indentations changeable
+
+\def\setitemindent#1{\settowidth{\labelwidth}{#1}%
+        \let\setit@m=Y%
+        \leftmargini\labelwidth
+        \advance\leftmargini\labelsep
+   \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
+        \labelwidth\leftmargini\advance\labelwidth by -\labelsep
+        \parsep=\parskip
+        \topsep=\medskipamount
+        \itemsep=\parskip \advance\itemsep by -\parsep}}
+\def\setitemitemindent#1{\settowidth{\labelwidth}{#1}%
+        \let\setit@m=Y%
+        \leftmarginii\labelwidth
+        \advance\leftmarginii\labelsep
+\def\@listii{\leftmargin\leftmarginii
+        \labelwidth\leftmarginii\advance\labelwidth by -\labelsep
+        \parsep=\parskip
+        \topsep=6\p@
+        \itemsep=\parskip \advance\itemsep by -\parsep}}
+%
+% adjusted environment "description"
+% if an optional parameter (at the first two levels of lists)
+% is present, its width is considered to be the widest mark
+% throughout the current list.
+\def\description{\@ifnextchar[{\@describe}{\list{}{\labelwidth\z@
+\labelsep=12pt\relax  %!!!!!!!!!
+\leftmargini=12pt\relax  %!!!!!!!!!
+\leftmargin=12pt\relax  %!!!!!!!!!
+          \itemindent-\leftmargin \let\makelabel\descriptionlabel}}}
+%
+\def\describelabel#1{#1\hfil}
+\def\@describe[#1]{\labelsep=12pt\relax
+\relax\ifnum\@listdepth=0
+\setitemindent{#1}\else\ifnum\@listdepth=1
+\setitemitemindent{#1}\fi\fi
+\list{--}{\let\makelabel\describelabel}}
+%
+\def\itemize{%
+  \ifnum \@itemdepth >\thr@@\@toodeep\else
+    \advance\@itemdepth\@ne
+    \ifx\setit@m\undefined
+       \ifnum \@itemdepth=1 \leftmargini=\svitemindent
+          \labelwidth\leftmargini\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+          \leftmarginii=\leftmargini \leftmarginiii=\leftmargini
+       \fi
+    \fi
+    \edef\@itemitem{labelitem\romannumeral\the\@itemdepth}%
+    \expandafter\list
+      \csname\@itemitem\endcsname
+      {\def\makelabel##1{\rlap{##1}\hss}}%
+  \fi}
+%
+\def\enumerate{%
+  \ifnum \@enumdepth >\thr@@\@toodeep\else
+    \advance\@enumdepth\@ne
+    \ifx\setit@m\undefined
+       \ifnum \@enumdepth=1 \leftmargini=\svitemindent
+          \labelwidth\leftmargini\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+          \leftmarginii=\leftmargini \leftmarginiii=\leftmargini
+       \fi
+    \fi
+    \edef\@enumctr{enum\romannumeral\the\@enumdepth}%
+      \expandafter
+      \list
+        \csname label\@enumctr\endcsname
+        {\usecounter\@enumctr\def\makelabel##1{\hss\llap{##1}}}%
+  \fi}
+%
+\newdimen\verbatimindent \verbatimindent\parindent
+\def\verbatim{\advance\@totalleftmargin by\verbatimindent
+\@verbatim \frenchspacing\@vobeyspaces \@xverbatim}
+
+%
+%  special signs and characters
+\newcommand{\D}{\mathrm{d}}
+\newcommand{\E}{\mathrm{e}}
+\let\eul=\E
+\newcommand{\I}{{\rm i}}
+\let\imag=\I
+%
+% the definition of uppercase Greek characters
+% Springer likes them as italics to depict variables
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Gamma}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"00}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Delta}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"01}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Theta}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"02}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Lambda}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"03}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Xi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"04}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Pi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"05}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Sigma}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"06}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Upsilon}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"07}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Phi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"08}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Psi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"09}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Omega}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"0A}
+% the upright forms are defined here as \var<Character>
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\varGamma}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"00}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\varDelta}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"01}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\varTheta}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"02}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\varLambda}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"03}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\varXi}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"04}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\varPi}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"05}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\varSigma}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"06}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\varUpsilon}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"07}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\varPhi}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"08}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\varPsi}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"09}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\varOmega}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"0A}
+% Upright Lower Case Greek letters without using a new MathAlphabet
+\newcommand{\greeksym}[1]{\usefont{U}{psy}{m}{n}#1}
+\newcommand{\greeksymbold}[1]{{\usefont{U}{psy}{b}{n}#1}}
+\newcommand{\allmodesymb}[2]{\relax\ifmmode{\mathchoice
+{\mbox{\fontsize{\tf@size}{\tf@size}#1{#2}}}
+{\mbox{\fontsize{\tf@size}{\tf@size}#1{#2}}}
+{\mbox{\fontsize{\sf@size}{\sf@size}#1{#2}}}
+{\mbox{\fontsize{\ssf@size}{\ssf@size}#1{#2}}}}
+\else
+\mbox{#1{#2}}\fi}
+% Definition of lower case Greek letters
+\newcommand{\ualpha}{\allmodesymb{\greeksym}{a}}
+\newcommand{\ubeta}{\allmodesymb{\greeksym}{b}}
+\newcommand{\uchi}{\allmodesymb{\greeksym}{c}}
+\newcommand{\udelta}{\allmodesymb{\greeksym}{d}}
+\newcommand{\ugamma}{\allmodesymb{\greeksym}{g}}
+\newcommand{\umu}{\allmodesymb{\greeksym}{m}}
+\newcommand{\unu}{\allmodesymb{\greeksym}{n}}
+\newcommand{\upi}{\allmodesymb{\greeksym}{p}}
+\newcommand{\utau}{\allmodesymb{\greeksym}{t}}
+% redefines the \vec accent to a bold character - if desired
+\def\fig@type{arrow}% temporarily abused
+\ifx\vec@style\fig@type\else
+\@ifundefined{vec@style}{%
+ \def\vec#1{\ensuremath{\mathchoice
+                     {\mbox{\boldmath$\displaystyle\mathbf{#1}$}}
+                     {\mbox{\boldmath$\textstyle\mathbf{#1}$}}
+                     {\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptstyle\mathbf{#1}$}}
+                     {\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptscriptstyle\mathbf{#1}$}}}}%
+}
+{\def\vec#1{\ensuremath{\mathchoice
+                     {\mbox{\boldmath$\displaystyle#1$}}
+                     {\mbox{\boldmath$\textstyle#1$}}
+                     {\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptstyle#1$}}
+                     {\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptscriptstyle#1$}}}}%
+}
+\fi
+% tensor
+\def\tens#1{\relax\ifmmode\mathsf{#1}\else\textsf{#1}\fi}
+
+% end of proof symbol
+\newcommand\qedsymbol{\hbox{\rlap{$\sqcap$}$\sqcup$}}
+\newcommand\qed{\relax\ifmmode\else\unskip\quad\fi\qedsymbol}
+\newcommand\smartqed{\renewcommand\qed{\relax\ifmmode\qedsymbol\else
+  {\unskip\nobreak\hfil\penalty50\hskip1em\null\nobreak\hfil\qedsymbol
+  \parfillskip=\z@\finalhyphendemerits=0\endgraf}\fi}}
+%
+\newif\if@numart   \@numarttrue
+\def\ds@numart{\@numarttrue
+  \@takefromreset{figure}{chapter}%
+  \@takefromreset{table}{chapter}%
+  \@takefromreset{equation}{chapter}%
+  \def\thesection{\@arabic\c@section}%
+  \def\thefigure{\@arabic\c@figure}%
+  \def\thetable{\@arabic\c@table}%
+  \def\theequation{\arabic{equation}}%
+  \def\thesubequation{\arabic{equation}\alph{subequation}}}
+%
+\def\ds@book{\@numartfalse
+\def\thesection{\thechapter.\@arabic\c@section}%
+\def\thefigure{\thechapter.\@arabic\c@figure}%
+\def\thetable{\thechapter.\@arabic\c@table}%
+\def\theequation{\thechapter.\arabic{equation}}%
+\@addtoreset{section}{chapter}%
+\@addtoreset{figure}{chapter}%
+\@addtoreset{table}{chapter}%
+\@addtoreset{equation}{chapter}}
+%
+% Ragged bottom for the actual page
+\def\thisbottomragged{\def\@textbottom{\vskip\z@ \@plus.0001fil
+\global\let\@textbottom\relax}}
+
+% This is texte.tex
+% it defines various texts and their translations
+% called up with documentstyle options
+\def\switcht@albion{%
+\def\abbrsymbname{List of Abbreviations and Symbols}%
+\def\abstractname{Abstract}%
+\def\ackname{Acknowledgements}%
+\def\andname{and}%
+\def\bibname{References}%
+\def\lastandname{, and}%
+\def\appendixname{Appendix}%
+\def\chaptername{Chapter}%
+\def\claimname{Claim}%
+\def\conjecturename{Conjecture}%
+\def\contentsname{Contents}%
+\def\corollaryname{Corollary}%
+\def\definitionname{Definition}%
+\def\emailname{e-mail}%
+\def\examplename{Example}%
+\def\exercisename{Exercise}%
+\def\figurename{Fig.}%
+\def\forewordname{Foreword}%
+\def\keywordname{{\bf Key words:}}%
+\def\indexname{Index}%
+\def\lemmaname{Lemma}%
+\def\contriblistname{List of Contributors}%
+\def\listfigurename{List of Figures}%
+\def\listtablename{List of Tables}%
+\def\mailname{{\it Correspondence to\/}:}%
+\def\noteaddname{Note added in proof}%
+\def\notename{Note}%
+\def\partname{Part}%
+\def\prefacename{Preface}%
+\def\problemname{Problem}%
+\def\proofname{Proof}%
+\def\propertyname{Property}%
+\def\propositionname{Proposition}%
+\def\questionname{Question}%
+\def\refname{References}%
+\def\remarkname{Remark}%
+\def\seename{see}%
+\def\solutionname{Solution}%
+\def\subclassname{{\it Subject Classifications\/}:}%
+\def\tablename{Table}%
+\def\theoremname{Theorem}}
+\switcht@albion
+% Names of theorem like environments are already defined
+% but must be translated if another language is chosen
+%
+% French section
+\def\switcht@francais{\svlanginfo
+ \def\abbrsymbname{Liste des abbr\'eviations et symboles}%
+ \def\abstractname{R\'esum\'e.}%
+ \def\ackname{Remerciements.}%
+ \def\andname{et}%
+ \def\lastandname{ et}%
+ \def\appendixname{Appendice}%
+ \def\bibname{Bibliographie}%
+ \def\chaptername{Chapitre}%
+ \def\claimname{Pr\'etention}%
+ \def\conjecturename{Hypoth\`ese}%
+ \def\contentsname{Table des mati\`eres}%
+ \def\corollaryname{Corollaire}%
+ \def\definitionname{D\'efinition}%
+ \def\emailname{e-mail}%
+ \def\examplename{Exemple}%
+ \def\exercisename{Exercice}%
+ \def\figurename{Fig.}%
+ \def\forewordname{Avant-propos}%
+ \def\keywordname{{\bf Mots-cl\'e:}}%
+ \def\indexname{Index}%
+ \def\lemmaname{Lemme}%
+ \def\contriblistname{Liste des contributeurs}%
+ \def\listfigurename{Liste des figures}%
+ \def\listtablename{Liste des tables}%
+ \def\mailname{{\it Correspondence to\/}:}%
+ \def\noteaddname{Note ajout\'ee \`a l'\'epreuve}%
+ \def\notename{Remarque}%
+ \def\partname{Partie}%
+ \def\prefacename{Pr\'eface}%
+ \def\problemname{Probl\`eme}%
+ \def\proofname{Preuve}%
+ \def\propertyname{Caract\'eristique}%
+%\def\propositionname{Proposition}%
+ \def\questionname{Question}%
+ \def\refname{Litt\'erature}%
+ \def\remarkname{Remarque}%
+ \def\seename{voir}%
+ \def\solutionname{Solution}%
+ \def\subclassname{{\it Subject Classifications\/}:}%
+ \def\tablename{Tableau}%
+ \def\theoremname{Th\'eor\`eme}%
+}
+%
+% German section
+\def\switcht@deutsch{\svlanginfo
+ \def\abbrsymbname{Abk\"urzungs- und Symbolverzeichnis}%
+ \def\abstractname{Zusammenfassung}%
+ \def\ackname{Danksagung}%
+ \def\andname{und}%
+ \def\lastandname{ und}%
+ \def\appendixname{Anhang}%
+ \def\bibname{Literaturverzeichnis}%
+ \def\chaptername{Kapitel}%
+ \def\claimname{Behauptung}%
+ \def\conjecturename{Hypothese}%
+ \def\contentsname{Inhaltsverzeichnis}%
+ \def\corollaryname{Korollar}%
+%\def\definitionname{Definition}%
+ \def\emailname{E-mail}%
+ \def\examplename{Beispiel}%
+ \def\exercisename{\"Ubung}%
+ \def\figurename{Abb.}%
+ \def\forewordname{Geleitwort}%
+ \def\keywordname{{\bf Schl\"usselw\"orter:}}%
+ \def\indexname{Sachverzeichnis}%
+%\def\lemmaname{Lemma}%
+ \def\contriblistname{Mitarbeiter}%
+ \def\listfigurename{Abbildungsverzeichnis}%
+ \def\listtablename{Tabellenverzeichnis}%
+ \def\mailname{{\it Correspondence to\/}:}%
+ \def\noteaddname{Nachtrag}%
+ \def\notename{Anmerkung}%
+ \def\partname{Teil}%
+ \def\prefacename{Vorwort}%
+%\def\problemname{Problem}%
+ \def\proofname{Beweis}%
+ \def\propertyname{Eigenschaft}%
+%\def\propositionname{Proposition}%
+ \def\questionname{Frage}%
+ \def\refname{Literaturverzeichnis}%
+ \def\remarkname{Anmerkung}%
+ \def\seename{siehe}%
+ \def\solutionname{L\"osung}%
+ \def\subclassname{{\it Subject Classifications\/}:}%
+ \def\tablename{Tabelle}%
+%\def\theoremname{Theorem}%
+}
+
+\def\getsto{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
+\halign{\hfil
+$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr\gets\cr\to\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr\gets
+\cr\to\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr\gets
+\cr\to\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
+\gets\cr\to\cr}}}}}
+\def\lid{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
+$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\noalign{\vskip1.2\p@}=\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr
+\noalign{\vskip1.2\p@}=\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr
+\noalign{\vskip\p@}=\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
+<\cr
+\noalign{\vskip0.9\p@}=\cr}}}}}
+\def\gid{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
+$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip1.2\p@}=\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr
+\noalign{\vskip1.2\p@}=\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr
+\noalign{\vskip\p@}=\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
+>\cr
+\noalign{\vskip0.9\p@}=\cr}}}}}
+\def\grole{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
+\halign{\hfil
+$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip-\p@}<\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr
+>\cr\noalign{\vskip-\p@}<\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
+>\cr\noalign{\vskip-0.8\p@}<\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
+>\cr\noalign{\vskip-0.3\p@}<\cr}}}}}
+\def\bbbr{{\rm I\!R}} %reelle Zahlen
+\def\bbbm{{\rm I\!M}}
+\def\bbbn{{\rm I\!N}} %natuerliche Zahlen
+\def\bbbf{{\rm I\!F}}
+\def\bbbh{{\rm I\!H}}
+\def\bbbk{{\rm I\!K}}
+\def\bbbp{{\rm I\!P}}
+\def\bbbone{{\mathchoice {\rm 1\mskip-4mu l} {\rm 1\mskip-4mu l}
+{\rm 1\mskip-4.5mu l} {\rm 1\mskip-5mu l}}}
+\def\bbbc{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule\@height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule\@height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule\@height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule\@height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
+\def\bbbq{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm
+Q$}\hbox{\raise
+0.15\ht0\hbox to\z@{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule\@height0.8\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise
+0.15\ht0\hbox to\z@{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule\@height0.8\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise
+0.15\ht0\hbox to\z@{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule\@height0.7\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise
+0.15\ht0\hbox to\z@{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule\@height0.7\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
+\def\bbbt{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm
+T$}\hbox{\hbox to\z@{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule\@height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule\@height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule\@height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule\@height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
+\def\bbbs{{\mathchoice
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle     \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.35\wd0\vrule\@height0.45\ht0\hss}\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.55\wd0\vrule\@height0.5\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle        \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.35\wd0\vrule\@height0.45\ht0\hss}\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.55\wd0\vrule\@height0.5\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle      \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.35\wd0\vrule\@height0.45\ht0\hss}\raise0.05\ht0\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.5\wd0\vrule\@height0.45\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule\@height0.45\ht0\hss}\raise0.05\ht0\hbox
+to\z@{\kern0.55\wd0\vrule\@height0.45\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
+\def\bbbz{{\mathchoice {\hbox{$\textstyle\sf Z\kern-0.4em Z$}}
+{\hbox{$\textstyle\sf Z\kern-0.4em Z$}}
+{\hbox{$\scriptstyle\sf Z\kern-0.3em Z$}}
+{\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\sf Z\kern-0.2em Z$}}}}
+
+\let\ts\,
+
+\setlength\arrayrulewidth{.5\p@}
+\def\svhline{%
+  \noalign{\ifnum0=`}\fi\hrule \@height2\arrayrulewidth \futurelet
+   \reserved@a\@xhline}
+
+\setlength \labelsep     {5\p@}
+\setlength\leftmargini   {17\p@}
+\setlength\leftmargin    {\leftmargini}
+\setlength\leftmarginii  {\leftmargini}
+\setlength\leftmarginiii {\leftmargini}
+\setlength\leftmarginiv  {\leftmargini}
+\setlength\labelwidth    {\leftmargini}
+\addtolength\labelwidth{-\labelsep}
+
+\def\@listI{\leftmargin\leftmargini
+        \parsep=\parskip
+        \topsep=\medskipamount
+        \itemsep=\parskip \advance\itemsep by -\parsep}
+\let\@listi\@listI
+\@listi
+
+\def\@listii{\leftmargin\leftmarginii
+        \labelwidth\leftmarginii
+        \advance\labelwidth by -\labelsep
+        \parsep=\parskip
+        \topsep=6\p@
+        \itemsep=\parskip
+        \advance\itemsep by -\parsep}
+
+\def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii
+        \labelwidth\leftmarginiii\advance\labelwidth by -\labelsep
+        \parsep=\parskip
+        \topsep=\z@
+        \itemsep=\parskip
+        \advance\itemsep by -\parsep
+        \partopsep=\topsep}
+
+\setlength\arraycolsep{1.5\p@}
+\setlength\tabcolsep{1.5\p@}
+
+\def\tableofcontents{\chapter*{\contentsname\markboth{{\contentsname}}%
+                                                    {{\contentsname}}}
+ \def\authcount##1{\setcounter{auco}{##1}\setcounter{@auth}{1}}
+ \def\lastand{\ifnum\value{auco}=2\relax
+                 \unskip{} \andname\
+              \else
+                 \unskip \lastandname\
+              \fi}%
+ \def\and{\stepcounter{@auth}\relax
+          \ifnum\value{@auth}=\value{auco}%
+             \lastand
+          \else
+             \unskip,
+          \fi}%
+ \@starttoc{toc}\if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi}
+
+\setcounter{tocdepth}{2}
+
+\def\l@part#1#2{\addpenalty{\@secpenalty}%
+   \addvspace{1em \@plus\p@}%
+   \begingroup
+     \parindent \z@
+     \rightskip \z@ \@plus 5em
+%    \hrule\vskip5\p@
+     \bfseries\boldmath
+     \leavevmode
+     #1\par
+%    \vskip5\p@
+%    \hrule
+     \vskip\p@
+     \nobreak
+   \addvspace{1em \@plus\p@}%
+   \endgroup}
+
+\def\@dotsep{2}
+
+\def\addnumcontentsmark#1#2#3{%
+\addtocontents{#1}{\protect\contentsline{#2}{\protect\numberline
+                                    {\thechapter}#3}{\thepage}}}
+\def\addcontentsmark#1#2#3{%
+\addtocontents{#1}{\protect\contentsline{#2}{#3}{\thepage}}}
+\def\addcontentsmarkwop#1#2#3{%
+\addtocontents{#1}{\protect\contentsline{#2}{#3}{0}}}
+
+\def\@adcmk[#1]{\ifcase #1 \or
+\def\@gtempa{\addnumcontentsmark}%
+  \or    \def\@gtempa{\addcontentsmark}%
+  \or    \def\@gtempa{\addcontentsmarkwop}%
+  \fi\@gtempa{toc}{chapter}}
+\def\addtocmark{\@ifnextchar[{\@adcmk}{\@adcmk[3]}}
+
+\def\l@chapter#1#2{\par\addpenalty{-\@highpenalty}
+ \addvspace{1.0em \@plus \p@}
+ \@tempdima \tocchpnum \begingroup
+ \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@tocrmarg
+ \advance\rightskip by \z@ \@plus 2cm
+ \parfillskip -\rightskip \pretolerance=10000
+ \leavevmode \advance\leftskip\@tempdima \hskip -\leftskip
+ {\bfseries\boldmath#1}\ifx0#2\hfil\null
+ \else
+      \nobreak
+      \leaders\hbox{$\m@th \mkern \@dotsep mu\hbox{.}\mkern
+      \@dotsep mu$}\hfill
+      \nobreak\hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hfil #2}%
+ \fi\par
+ \penalty\@highpenalty \endgroup}
+
+\newcommand{\tocauthorstyle}{\upshape}
+\newcommand{\toctitlestyle}{\bfseries}
+
+\def\l@title#1#2{\addpenalty{-\@highpenalty}
+ \addvspace{8\p@ \@plus \p@}
+ \@tempdima \z@
+ \begingroup
+ \tocchpnum \z@ \calctocindent
+ \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@tocrmarg
+ \advance\rightskip by \z@ \@plus 2cm
+ \pretolerance=10000
+ \parfillskip -\@tocrmarg
+ \leavevmode \advance\leftskip\@tempdima \hskip -\leftskip
+ {\toctitlestyle#1}%\nobreak
+ \leaders\hbox{$\m@th \mkern \@dotsep mu.\mkern
+ \@dotsep mu$}\hfill
+ \nobreak\hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}%
+ \par
+ \penalty\@highpenalty \endgroup}
+
+\def\l@titlech#1#2{\addpenalty{-\@highpenalty}
+ \addvspace{8\p@ \@plus \p@}
+ \@tempdima=\tocchpnum
+ \begingroup
+ \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@tocrmarg
+ \advance\rightskip by \z@ \@plus 2cm
+ \pretolerance=10000
+ \parfillskip -\@tocrmarg
+ \leavevmode \advance\leftskip\@tempdima \hskip -\leftskip
+ {\toctitlestyle#1}%\nobreak
+ \leaders\hbox{$\m@th \mkern \@dotsep mu.\mkern
+ \@dotsep mu$}\hfill
+ \nobreak\hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}%
+ \par
+ \penalty\@highpenalty \endgroup}
+
+\newcommand{\tocaftauthskip}{\z@}
+\def\l@author#1#2{%\addpenalty{\@highpenalty}
+ \@tempdima \z@
+ \begingroup
+ \pretolerance=10000
+ \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@tocrmarg
+ \advance\rightskip by \z@ \@plus 2cm
+%\parfillskip -\@tocrmarg
+ \leavevmode \advance\leftskip\@tempdima \hskip -\leftskip
+ {\tocauthorstyle#1}\nobreak
+%\leaders\hbox{$\m@th \mkern \@dotsep mu.\mkern
+%\@dotsep mu$}\hfill
+%\nobreak\hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}%
+ \par
+ \penalty\@highpenalty
+ \addvspace{\tocaftauthskip}\endgroup}
+
+\def\l@authorch#1#2{%\addpenalty{\@highpenalty}
+ \@tempdima=\tocchpnum
+ \begingroup
+ \pretolerance=10000
+ \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@tocrmarg
+ \advance\rightskip by \z@ \@plus 2cm
+%\parfillskip -\@tocrmarg
+ \leavevmode \advance\leftskip\@tempdima %\hskip -\leftskip
+ {\tocauthorstyle#1}\nobreak
+%\leaders\hbox{$\m@th \mkern \@dotsep mu.\mkern
+%\@dotsep mu$}\hfill
+%\nobreak\hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}%
+ \par
+ \penalty\@highpenalty
+ \addvspace{\tocaftauthskip}\endgroup}
+
+\newdimen\tocchpnum
+\newdimen\tocsecnum
+\newdimen\tocsectotal
+\newdimen\tocsubsecnum
+\newdimen\tocsubsectotal
+\newdimen\tocsubsubsecnum
+\newdimen\tocsubsubsectotal
+\newdimen\tocparanum
+\newdimen\tocparatotal
+\newdimen\tocsubparanum
+\tocchpnum=20\p@            % chapter {\bf 88.} \@plus 5.3\p@
+\tocsecnum=28.5\p@          % section 88.8. plus 4.722\p@
+\tocsubsecnum=36.5\p@       % subsection 88.8.8 plus 4.944\p@
+\tocsubsubsecnum=43\p@      % subsubsection 88.8.8.8 plus 4.666\p@
+\tocparanum=45\p@           % paragraph 88.8.8.8.8 plus 3.888\p@
+\tocsubparanum=53\p@        % subparagraph 88.8.8.8.8.8 plus 4.11\p@
+\def\calctocindent{%
+\tocsectotal=\tocchpnum
+\advance\tocsectotal by\tocsecnum
+\tocsubsectotal=\tocsectotal
+\advance\tocsubsectotal by\tocsubsecnum
+\tocsubsubsectotal=\tocsubsectotal
+\advance\tocsubsubsectotal by\tocsubsubsecnum
+\tocparatotal=\tocsubsubsectotal
+\advance\tocparatotal by\tocparanum}
+\calctocindent
+
+\def\@dottedtocline#1#2#3#4#5{%
+  \ifnum #1>\c@tocdepth \else
+    \vskip \z@ \@plus.2\p@
+    {\leftskip #2\relax \rightskip \@tocrmarg \advance\rightskip by \z@ \@plus 2cm
+               \parfillskip -\rightskip \pretolerance=10000
+     \parindent #2\relax\@afterindenttrue
+     \interlinepenalty\@M
+     \leavevmode
+     \@tempdima #3\relax
+     \advance\leftskip \@tempdima \null\nobreak\hskip -\leftskip
+     {#4}\nobreak
+     \leaders\hbox{$\m@th
+        \mkern \@dotsep mu\hbox{.}\mkern \@dotsep
+        mu$}\hfill
+     \nobreak
+     \hb@xt@\@pnumwidth{\hfil\normalfont \normalcolor #5}%
+     \par}%
+  \fi}
+%
+\def\l@section{\@dottedtocline{1}{\tocchpnum}{\tocsecnum}}
+\def\l@subsection{\@dottedtocline{2}{\tocsectotal}{\tocsubsecnum}}
+\def\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{\tocsubsectotal}{\tocsubsubsecnum}}
+\def\l@paragraph{\@dottedtocline{4}{\tocsubsubsectotal}{\tocparanum}}
+\def\l@subparagraph{\@dottedtocline{5}{\tocparatotal}{\tocsubparanum}}
+
+\renewcommand\listoffigures{%
+    \chapter*{\listfigurename
+      \markboth{\listfigurename}{\listfigurename}}%
+    \@starttoc{lof}%
+    }
+
+\renewcommand\listoftables{%
+    \chapter*{\listtablename
+      \markboth{\listtablename}{\listtablename}}%
+    \@starttoc{lot}%
+    }
+
+\newenvironment{thecontriblist}
+               {\par
+                \addvspace{\bigskipamount}
+                \parindent\z@
+                \rightskip\z@ \@plus 40\p@
+                \def\iand{\\[\medskipamount]\let\and=\nand}%
+                \def\nand{\ifhmode\unskip\nobreak\fi\ $\cdot$ }%
+                \let\and=\nand
+                \def\at{\\\let\and=\iand}%
+                }
+               {\par
+                \addvspace{\bigskipamount}}
+
+\renewcommand\footnoterule{%
+    \kern-3\p@
+    \hrule\@width 36mm
+    \kern2.6\p@}
+
+\newdimen\foot@parindent
+\foot@parindent 10.83\p@
+\footnotesep 9\p@
+
+\AtBeginDocument{%
+\renewcommand\@makefntext[1]{%
+    \parindent 12\p@
+    \noindent
+    \mbox{\@makefnmark} #1}}
+%
+\if@spthms
+% Definition of the "\spnewtheorem" command.
+%
+% Usage:
+%
+%     \spnewtheorem{env_nam}{caption}[within]{cap_font}{body_font}
+% or  \spnewtheorem{env_nam}[numbered_like]{caption}{cap_font}{body_font}
+% or  \spnewtheorem*{env_nam}{caption}{cap_font}{body_font}
+%
+% New is "cap_font" and "body_font". It stands for
+% fontdefinition of the caption and the text itself.
+%
+% "\spnewtheorem*" gives a theorem without number.
+%
+% A defined spnewthoerem environment is used as described
+% by Lamport.
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\def\@thmcountersep{.}
+\def\@thmcounterend{.}
+\newcommand\nocaption{\noexpand\@gobble}
+\newdimen\spthmsep \spthmsep=3pt
+
+\def\spnewtheorem{\@ifstar{\@sthm}{\@Sthm}}
+
+% definition of \spnewtheorem with number
+
+\def\@spnthm#1#2{%
+  \@ifnextchar[{\@spxnthm{#1}{#2}}{\@spynthm{#1}{#2}}}
+\def\@Sthm#1{\@ifnextchar[{\@spothm{#1}}{\@spnthm{#1}}}
+
+\def\@spxnthm#1#2[#3]#4#5{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
+   {\@definecounter{#1}\@addtoreset{#1}{#3}%
+   \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\expandafter\noexpand
+     \csname the#3\endcsname \noexpand\@thmcountersep \@thmcounter{#1}}%
+   \expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#2}%
+   \global\@namedef{#1}{\@spthm{#1}{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#4}{#5}}%
+                              \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}
+
+\def\@spynthm#1#2#3#4{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
+   {\@definecounter{#1}%
+   \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\@thmcounter{#1}}%
+   \expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#2}%
+   \global\@namedef{#1}{\@spthm{#1}{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#3}{#4}}%
+                               \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}
+
+\def\@spothm#1[#2]#3#4#5{%
+  \@ifundefined{c@#2}{\@latexerr{No theorem environment `#2' defined}\@eha}%
+  {\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
+  {\global\@namedef{the#1}{\@nameuse{the#2}}%
+  \expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#3}%
+  \global\@namedef{#1}{\@spthm{#2}{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#4}{#5}}%
+  \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}}
+
+\def\@spthm#1#2#3#4{\topsep 7\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@
+\labelsep=\spthmsep\refstepcounter{#1}%
+\@ifnextchar[{\@spythm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}}{\@spxthm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}}}
+
+\def\@spxthm#1#2#3#4{\@spbegintheorem{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}{#3}{#4}%
+                    \ignorespaces}
+
+\def\@spythm#1#2#3#4[#5]{\@spopargbegintheorem{#2}{\csname
+       the#1\endcsname}{#5}{#3}{#4}\ignorespaces}
+
+\def\normalthmheadings{\def\@spbegintheorem##1##2##3##4{\trivlist
+                 \item[\hskip\labelsep{##3##1\ ##2\@thmcounterend}]##4}
+\def\@spopargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4##5{\trivlist
+      \item[\hskip\labelsep{##4##1\ ##2}]{##4(##3)\@thmcounterend\ }##5}}
+\normalthmheadings
+
+\def\reversethmheadings{\def\@spbegintheorem##1##2##3##4{\trivlist
+                 \item[\hskip\labelsep{##3##2\ ##1\@thmcounterend}]##4}
+\def\@spopargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4##5{\trivlist
+      \item[\hskip\labelsep{##4##2\ ##1}]{##4(##3)\@thmcounterend\ }##5}}
+
+% definition of \spnewtheorem* without number
+
+\def\@sthm#1#2{\@Ynthm{#1}{#2}}
+
+\def\@Ynthm#1#2#3#4{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
+   {\global\@namedef{#1}{\@Thm{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#3}{#4}}%
+    \expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#2}%
+    \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}
+
+\def\@Thm#1#2#3{\topsep 7\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@
+\@ifnextchar[{\@Ythm{#1}{#2}{#3}}{\@Xthm{#1}{#2}{#3}}}
+
+\def\@Xthm#1#2#3{\@Begintheorem{#1}{#2}{#3}\ignorespaces}
+
+\def\@Ythm#1#2#3[#4]{\@Opargbegintheorem{#1}
+       {#4}{#2}{#3}\ignorespaces}
+
+\def\@Begintheorem#1#2#3{#3\trivlist
+                           \item[\hskip\labelsep{#2#1\@thmcounterend}]}
+
+\def\@Opargbegintheorem#1#2#3#4{#4\trivlist
+      \item[\hskip\labelsep{#3#1}]{#3(#2)\@thmcounterend\ }}
+
+% initialize theorem environment
+
+\if@envcntshowhiercnt % show hierarchy counter
+   \def\@thmcountersep{.}
+   \spnewtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[\envankh]{\bfseries}{\itshape}
+   \@addtoreset{theorem}{chapter}
+\else          % theorem counter only
+   \spnewtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}{\bfseries}{\itshape}
+   \if@envcntreset
+      \@addtoreset{theorem}{chapter}
+      \if@envcntresetsect
+         \@addtoreset{theorem}{section}
+      \fi
+   \fi
+\fi
+
+%definition of divers theorem environments
+\spnewtheorem*{claim}{Claim}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+\spnewtheorem*{proof}{Proof}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+%
+\if@envcntsame % all environments like "Theorem" - using its counter
+   \def\spn@wtheorem#1#2#3#4{\@spothm{#1}[theorem]{#2}{#3}{#4}}
+\else % all environments with their own counter
+   \if@envcntshowhiercnt % show hierarchy counter
+      \def\spn@wtheorem#1#2#3#4{\@spxnthm{#1}{#2}[\envankh]{#3}{#4}}
+   \else          % environment counter only
+      \if@envcntreset % environment counter is reset each section
+         \if@envcntresetsect
+            \def\spn@wtheorem#1#2#3#4{\@spynthm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}
+             \@addtoreset{#1}{chapter}\@addtoreset{#1}{section}}
+         \else
+            \def\spn@wtheorem#1#2#3#4{\@spynthm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}
+                                      \@addtoreset{#1}{chapter}}
+         \fi
+      \else
+         \let\spn@wtheorem=\@spynthm
+      \fi
+   \fi
+\fi
+%
+\let\spdefaulttheorem=\spn@wtheorem
+%
+\spn@wtheorem{case}{Case}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{conjecture}{Conjecture}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{corollary}{Corollary}{\bfseries}{\itshape}
+\spn@wtheorem{definition}{Definition}{\bfseries}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{example}{Example}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{exercise}{Exercise}{\bfseries}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{lemma}{Lemma}{\bfseries}{\itshape}
+\spn@wtheorem{note}{Note}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{problem}{Problem}{\bfseries}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{property}{Property}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{proposition}{Proposition}{\bfseries}{\itshape}
+\spn@wtheorem{question}{Question}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{solution}{Solution}{\bfseries}{\rmfamily}
+\spn@wtheorem{remark}{Remark}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
+%
+\newenvironment{theopargself}
+    {\def\@spopargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4##5{\trivlist
+         \item[\hskip\labelsep{##4##1\ ##2}]{##4##3\@thmcounterend\ }##5}
+     \def\@Opargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4{##4\trivlist
+         \item[\hskip\labelsep{##3##1}]{##3##2\@thmcounterend\ }}}{}
+\newenvironment{theopargself*}
+    {\def\@spopargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4##5{\trivlist
+         \item[\hskip\labelsep{##4##1\ ##2}]{\hspace*{-\labelsep}##4##3\@thmcounterend}##5}
+     \def\@Opargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4{##4\trivlist
+         \item[\hskip\labelsep{##3##1}]{\hspace*{-\labelsep}##3##2\@thmcounterend}}}{}
+%
+\spn@wtheorem{prob}{\nocaption}{\bfseries}{\rmfamily}
+\newcommand{\probref}[1]{\textbf{\ref{#1}} }
+\newenvironment{sol}{\par\addvspace{6pt}\noindent\probref}{\par\addvspace{6pt}}
+%
+\fi
+
+\def\@takefromreset#1#2{%
+    \def\@tempa{#1}%
+    \let\@tempd\@elt
+    \def\@elt##1{%
+        \def\@tempb{##1}%
+        \ifx\@tempa\@tempb\else
+            \@addtoreset{##1}{#2}%
+        \fi}%
+    \expandafter\expandafter\let\expandafter\@tempc\csname cl@#2\endcsname
+    \expandafter\def\csname cl@#2\endcsname{}%
+    \@tempc
+    \let\@elt\@tempd}
+
+% redefininition of the captions for "figure" and "table" environments
+%
+\@ifundefined{floatlegendstyle}{\def\floatlegendstyle{\bfseries}}{}
+\def\floatcounterend{\enspace}
+\def\capstrut{\vrule\@width\z@\@height\topskip}
+\@ifundefined{captionstyle}{\def\captionstyle{\normalfont\small}}{}
+\@ifundefined{instindent}{\newdimen\instindent}{}
+
+\long\def\@caption#1[#2]#3{\par\addcontentsline{\csname
+  ext@#1\endcsname}{#1}{\protect\numberline{\csname
+  the#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #2}}\begingroup
+    \@parboxrestore\if@minipage\@setminipage\fi
+    \@makecaption{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3}\par
+  \endgroup}
+
+\def\twocaptionwidth#1#2{\def\first@capwidth{#1}\def\second@capwidth{#2}}
+% Default: .46\textwidth
+\twocaptionwidth{.46\textwidth}{.46\textwidth}
+
+\def\leftcaption{\refstepcounter\@captype\@dblarg%
+            {\@leftcaption\@captype}}
+
+\def\rightcaption{\refstepcounter\@captype\@dblarg%
+            {\@rightcaption\@captype}}
+
+\long\def\@leftcaption#1[#2]#3{\addcontentsline{\csname
+  ext@#1\endcsname}{#1}{\protect\numberline{\csname
+  the#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #2}}\begingroup
+    \@parboxrestore
+    \vskip\figcapgap
+    \@maketwocaptions{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3}%
+    {\first@capwidth}\ignorespaces\hspace{.073\textwidth}\hfill%
+  \endgroup}
+
+\long\def\@rightcaption#1[#2]#3{\addcontentsline{\csname
+  ext@#1\endcsname}{#1}{\protect\numberline{\csname
+  the#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #2}}\begingroup
+    \@parboxrestore
+    \@maketwocaptions{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3}%
+    {\second@capwidth}\par
+  \endgroup}
+
+\long\def\@maketwocaptions#1#2#3{%
+   \parbox[t]{#3}{{\floatlegendstyle #1\floatcounterend}#2}}
+
+\def\fig@pos{l}
+\newcommand{\leftfigure}[2][\fig@pos]{\makebox[.4635\textwidth][#1]{#2}}
+\let\rightfigure\leftfigure
+
+\newdimen\figgap\figgap=0.5cm  % hgap between figure and sidecaption
+%
+\long\def\@makesidecaption#1#2{\@tempdimb=3.6cm
+   \setbox0=\vbox{\hsize=\@tempdimb
+                  \captionstyle{\floatlegendstyle
+                                         #1\floatcounterend}#2}%
+   \ifdim\instindent<\z@
+      \ifdim\ht0>-\instindent
+         \advance\instindent by\ht0
+         \typeout{^^JClass-Warning: Legend of \string\sidecaption\space for
+                     \@captype\space\csname the\@captype\endcsname
+                  ^^Jis \the\instindent\space taller than the corresponding float -
+                  ^^Jyou'd better switch the environment. }%
+         \instindent\z@
+      \fi
+   \else
+      \ifdim\ht0<\instindent
+         \advance\instindent by-\ht0
+         \advance\instindent by-\dp0\relax
+         \advance\instindent by\topskip
+         \advance\instindent by-11\p@
+      \else
+         \advance\instindent by-\ht0
+         \instindent=-\instindent
+         \typeout{^^JClass-Warning: Legend of \string\sidecaption\space for
+                     \@captype\space\csname the\@captype\endcsname
+                  ^^Jis \the\instindent\space taller than the corresponding float -
+                  ^^Jyou'd better switch the environment. }%
+         \instindent\z@
+      \fi
+   \fi
+   \parbox[b]{\@tempdimb}{\captionstyle{\floatlegendstyle
+                                        #1\floatcounterend}#2%
+                          \ifdim\instindent>\z@ \\
+                               \vrule\@width\z@\@height\instindent
+                                     \@depth\z@
+                          \fi}}
+\def\sidecaption{\@ifnextchar[\sidec@ption{\sidec@ption[b]}}
+%
+\newbox\bildb@x
+%
+\def\sidec@ption[#1]#2\caption{%
+\setbox\bildb@x=\hbox{\ignorespaces#2\unskip}%
+\if@twocolumn
+ \ifdim\hsize<\textwidth\else
+   \ifdim\wd\bildb@x<\columnwidth
+      \typeout{Double column float fits into single column -
+            ^^Jyou'd better switch the environment. }%
+   \fi
+ \fi
+\fi
+  \instindent=\ht\bildb@x
+  \advance\instindent by\dp\bildb@x
+\if t#1
+\else
+  \instindent=-\instindent
+\fi
+\@tempdimb=\hsize
+\advance\@tempdimb by-\figgap
+\advance\@tempdimb by-\wd\bildb@x
+\ifdim\@tempdimb<3.6cm
+   \ClassWarning{SVMult}{\string\sidecaption: No sufficient room for the legend;
+             ^^Jusing normal \string\caption}%
+   \unhbox\bildb@x
+   \let\@capcommand=\@caption
+\else
+%  \ifdim\@tempdimb<4.5cm
+%     \ClassWarning{SVMono}{\string\sidecaption: Room for the legend very narrow;
+%              ^^Jusing \string\raggedright}%
+      \toks@\expandafter{\captionstyle\sloppy
+                         \rightskip=\z@\@plus6mm\relax}%
+      \def\captionstyle{\the\toks@}%
+%  \fi
+   \let\@capcommand=\@sidecaption
+%  \leavevmode
+%  \unhbox\bildb@x
+%  \hfill
+\fi
+\refstepcounter\@captype
+\@dblarg{\@capcommand\@captype}}
+\long\def\@sidecaption#1[#2]#3{\addcontentsline{\csname
+  ext@#1\endcsname}{#1}{\protect\numberline{\csname
+  the#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #2}}\begingroup
+    \@parboxrestore
+    \@makesidecaption{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3}%
+    \hfill
+    \unhbox\bildb@x
+    \par
+  \endgroup}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\def\fig@type{figure}
+
+\def\leftlegendglue{\relax}
+\newdimen\figcapgap\figcapgap=5\p@   % vgap between figure and caption
+\newdimen\tabcapgap\tabcapgap=3\p@ % vgap between caption and table
+
+\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{%
+ \captionstyle
+ \ifx\@captype\fig@type
+   \vskip\figcapgap
+ \fi
+ \setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{{\floatlegendstyle #1\floatcounterend}%
+ \capstrut #2}%
+ \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize
+   {\floatlegendstyle #1\floatcounterend}\capstrut #2\par
+ \else
+   \hbox to\hsize{\leftlegendglue\unhbox\@tempboxa\hfil}%
+ \fi
+ \ifx\@captype\fig@type\else
+   \vskip\tabcapgap
+ \fi}
+
+\newcounter{merk}
+
+\def\endfigure{\resetsubfig\end@float}
+
+\@namedef{endfigure*}{\resetsubfig\end@dblfloat}
+
+\def\resetsubfig{\global\let\last@subfig=\undefined}
+
+\def\r@setsubfig{\xdef\last@subfig{\number\value{figure}}%
+\setcounter{figure}{\value{merk}}%
+\setcounter{merk}{0}}
+
+\def\subfigures{\refstepcounter{figure}%
+   \@tempcnta=\value{merk}%
+   \setcounter{merk}{\value{figure}}%
+   \setcounter{figure}{\the\@tempcnta}%
+   \def\thefigure{\if@numart\else\thechapter.\fi
+   \@arabic\c@merk\alph{figure}}%
+   \let\resetsubfig=\r@setsubfig}
+
+\def\samenumber{\addtocounter{\@captype}{-1}%
+\@ifundefined{last@subfig}{}{\setcounter{merk}{\last@subfig}}}
+
+% redefinition of the "bibliography" environment
+%
+\def\biblstarthook#1{\gdef\biblst@rthook{#1}}
+%
+\AtBeginDocument{%
+\ifx\chpbibl\undefined
+  \def\bibsection{\section*{\refname}\ifx\sectionmark\@gobble\else
+      \markright{\refname}\fi
+      \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\refname}%
+      \mtaddtocont{\protect\contentsline{mtchap}{\refname}{\thepage}\hyperhrefextend}%
+      \csname biblst@rthook\endcsname\par}
+\else
+ \def\bibsection{\chapter*{\refname}\@mkboth{\refname}{\refname}%
+     \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\refname}%
+     \csname biblst@rthook\endcsname\par}
+\fi}
+\ifx\oribibl\undefined % Springer way of life
+   \renewenvironment{thebibliography}[1]{\bibsection
+         \global\let\biblst@rthook=\undefined
+         \def\@biblabel##1{##1.}
+         \small
+         \list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
+              {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
+               \leftmargin\labelwidth
+               \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
+               \if@openbib
+                 \advance\leftmargin\bibindent
+                 \itemindent -\bibindent
+                 \listparindent \itemindent
+                 \parsep \z@
+               \fi
+               \usecounter{enumiv}%
+               \let\p@enumiv\@empty
+               \renewcommand\theenumiv{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
+         \if@openbib
+           \renewcommand\newblock{\par}%
+         \else
+           \renewcommand\newblock{\hskip .11em \@plus.33em \@minus.07em}%
+         \fi
+         \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000%
+         \sfcode`\.=\@m}
+        {\def\@noitemerr
+          {\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}%
+         \endlist}
+   \def\@lbibitem[#1]#2{\item[{[#1]}\hfill]\if@filesw
+        {\let\protect\noexpand\immediate
+        \write\@auxout{\string\bibcite{#2}{#1}}}\fi\ignorespaces}
+\else % original bibliography is required
+   \let\bibname=\refname
+   \renewenvironment{thebibliography}[1]
+     {\chapter*{\bibname
+        \markboth{\bibname}{\bibname}}%
+      \list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
+           {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
+            \leftmargin\labelwidth
+            \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
+            \@openbib@code
+            \usecounter{enumiv}%
+            \let\p@enumiv\@empty
+            \renewcommand\theenumiv{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
+      \sloppy
+      \clubpenalty4000
+      \@clubpenalty \clubpenalty
+      \widowpenalty4000%
+      \sfcode`\.\@m}
+     {\def\@noitemerr
+       {\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}%
+      \endlist}
+\fi
+
+\let\if@threecolind\iffalse
+\def\threecolindex{\let\if@threecolind\iftrue}
+\def\indexstarthook#1{\gdef\indexst@rthook{#1}}
+\renewenvironment{theindex}
+               {\if@twocolumn
+                  \@restonecolfalse
+                \else
+                  \@restonecoltrue
+                \fi
+                \columnseprule \z@
+                \columnsep 1cc
+                \@nobreaktrue
+                \if@threecolind
+                   \begin{multicols}{3}[\chapter*{\indexname}%
+                \else
+                   \begin{multicols}{2}[\chapter*{\indexname}%
+                \fi
+                {\csname indexst@rthook\endcsname}]%
+                \global\let\indexst@rthook=\undefined
+                \markboth{\indexname}{\indexname}%
+                \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\indexname}%
+                \parindent\z@
+                \rightskip\z@ \@plus 40\p@
+                \parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax
+                \flushbottom
+                \let\item\@idxitem
+                \def\,{\relax\ifmmode\mskip\thinmuskip
+                             \else\hskip0.2em\ignorespaces\fi}%
+                \normalfont\small}
+               {\end{multicols}
+                \global\let\if@threecolind\iffalse
+                \if@restonecol\onecolumn\else\clearpage\fi}
+
+\def\idxquad{\hskip 10\p@}% space that divides entry from number
+
+\def\@idxitem{\par\setbox0=\hbox{--\,--\,--\enspace}%
+                  \hangindent\wd0\relax}
+
+\def\subitem{\par\noindent\setbox0=\hbox{--\enspace}% second order
+                \kern\wd0\setbox0=\hbox{--\,--\,--\enspace}%
+                \hangindent\wd0\relax}% indexentry
+
+\def\subsubitem{\par\noindent\setbox0=\hbox{--\,--\enspace}% third order
+                \kern\wd0\setbox0=\hbox{--\,--\,--\enspace}%
+                \hangindent\wd0\relax}% indexentry
+
+\def\indexspace{\par \vskip 10\p@ \@plus5\p@ \@minus3\p@\relax}
+
+% LaTeX does not provide a command to enter the authors institute
+% addresses. The \institute command is defined here.
+
+\newcounter{@inst}
+\newcounter{@auth}
+\newcounter{auco}
+\newdimen\instindent
+\newbox\authrun
+\newtoks\authorrunning
+\newtoks\tocauthor
+\newbox\titrun
+\newtoks\titlerunning
+\newtoks\toctitle
+
+\def\clearheadinfo{\gdef\@author{No Author Given}%
+                   \gdef\@title{No Title Given}%
+                   \gdef\@subtitle{}%
+                   \gdef\@institute{}%
+                   \gdef\@thanks{}%
+                   \global\titlerunning={}\global\authorrunning={}%
+                   \global\toctitle={}\global\tocauthor={}}
+
+\def\institute#1{\gdef\@institute{#1}}
+
+\def\title{\@ifstar\s@title\n@title}
+\def\s@title#1{\gdef\@title{#1}\ds@numart}
+\def\n@title#1{\gdef\@title{#1}\ds@book}
+
+\def\institutename
+ {\begingroup
+ \if!\@institute!\else
+ \def\thanks##1{\unskip{}}%
+ \def\iand{\\[5pt]\let\and=\nand}%
+ \def\nand{\ifhmode\unskip\nobreak\fi\ $\cdot$ }%
+ \let\and=\nand
+ \def\at{\\\let\and=\iand}%
+ \footnotetext[0]{\kern-\bibindent
+ \ignorespaces\@institute}\vspace{5dd}\fi
+ \endgroup
+ }%
+
+\def\@fnsymbol#1{\ensuremath{\ifcase#1\or\star\or{\star\star}\or
+   {\star{\star}\star}\or \dagger\or \ddagger\or
+   \mathchar "278\or \mathchar "27B\or \|\or **\or \dagger\dagger
+   \or \ddagger\ddagger \else\@ctrerr\fi}}
+
+\def\inst#1{\unskip$^{#1}$}
+\def\fnmsep{\unskip$^,$}
+
+\def\subtitle#1{\gdef\@subtitle{#1}}
+\clearheadinfo
+
+\def\@bfdottedtocline#1#2#3#4#5{%
+  \ifnum #1>\c@minitocdepth \else
+    \par
+    \if@minipage\else\addvspace{5\p@}\fi
+    {\leftskip #2\relax \rightskip \@tocrmarg \advance\rightskip by \z@ \@plus 2cm
+               \parfillskip -\rightskip \pretolerance=10000
+     \parindent #2\relax\@afterindenttrue
+     \interlinepenalty\@M
+     \leavevmode
+     \@tempdima #3\relax
+     \advance\leftskip \@tempdima \null\nobreak\hskip -\leftskip
+     {\bfseries#4}\nobreak
+     \leaders\hbox{$\m@th
+        \mkern \@dotsep mu\hbox{.}\mkern \@dotsep
+        mu$}\hfill
+     \nobreak
+     \hb@xt@\@pnumwidth{\hfil\normalfont \normalcolor #5}%
+     \par\addvspace{5\p@}}%
+  \fi}
+
+\def\@rmdottedtocline#1#2#3#4#5{%
+  \ifnum #1>\c@minitocdepth \else
+    \vskip \z@ \@plus.2\p@
+    {\leftskip #2\relax \rightskip \@tocrmarg \advance\rightskip by \z@ \@plus 2cm
+               \parfillskip -\rightskip \pretolerance=10000
+     \parindent #2\relax\@afterindenttrue
+     \interlinepenalty\@M
+     \leavevmode
+     \@tempdima #3\relax
+     \advance\leftskip \@tempdima \null\nobreak\hskip -\leftskip
+     {#4}\nobreak
+     \leaders\hbox{$\m@th
+        \mkern \@dotsep mu\hbox{.}\mkern \@dotsep
+        mu$}\hfill
+     \nobreak
+     \hb@xt@\@pnumwidth{\hfil\normalfont \normalcolor #5}%
+     \par}%
+  \fi}
+
+%def\l@mtchap{\@bfdottedtocline{1}{\z@}{\tocsectotal}}
+\def\l@mtchap{\@rmdottedtocline{1}{\z@}{\tocsecnum}}
+\def\l@mtsec{\@rmdottedtocline{1}{\tocsecnum}{\tocsubsecnum}}
+
+\newcounter{contribution}
+
+\renewcommand\maketitle{\par\startnewpage
+  \stepcounter{section}%
+  \setcounter{section}{0}%
+  \setcounter{subsection}{0}%
+  \setcounter{figure}{0}
+  \setcounter{table}{0}
+  \setcounter{equation}{0}
+  \setcounter{footnote}{0}%
+  \if@numart
+     \stepcounter{chapter}%
+     \addtocounter{chapter}{-1}%
+  \else
+     \refstepcounter{chapter}%
+  \fi
+  \stepcounter{contribution}%
+  \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\immediate\string\closeout\string\minitoc}%
+  \immediate\write\@auxout{\let\MiniTOC=N}%
+% try to be hyperref-compatible
+  \csname phantomsection\endcsname
+  \begingroup
+    \parindent=\z@
+%%%%%%%%%    \renewcommand\thefootnote{\@fnsymbol\c@footnote}%
+%
+    \renewcommand\thefootnote{\@fnsymbol\c@footnote}%
+    \def\@makefnmark{$^{\@thefnmark}$}%
+    \renewcommand\@makefntext[1]{%
+    \noindent
+    \hb@xt@\bibindent{\hss\@makefnmark\enspace}##1\vrule height0pt
+    width0pt depth8pt}
+%
+    \if@twocolumn
+      \ifnum \col@number=\@ne
+        \@maketitle
+      \else
+        \twocolumn[\@maketitle]%
+      \fi
+    \else
+      \newpage
+      \global\@topnum\z@   % Prevents figures from going at top of page.
+      \@maketitle
+    \fi
+    \@ifundefined{thispagecropped}{}{\thispagecropped}
+    \thispagestyle{bchap}\@thanks
+%
+    \def\\{\unskip\ \ignorespaces}\def\inst##1{\unskip{}}%
+    \def\thanks##1{\unskip{}}\def\fnmsep{\unskip}%
+    \instindent=\hsize
+    \advance\instindent by-\headlineindent
+    \if@numart % keine Nummer
+        \if!\the\toctitle!\addcontentsline{toc}{title}{\@title}\else
+        \addcontentsline{toc}{title}{\the\toctitle}\fi
+    \else
+        \if!\the\toctitle!\addcontentsline{toc}{titlech}{\protect\numberline{\thechapter\thechapterend}\@title}\else
+        \addcontentsline{toc}{titlech}{\protect\numberline{\thechapter\thechapterend}\the\toctitle}\fi
+    \fi
+    \if@runhead
+       \if!\the\titlerunning!\else
+         \edef\@title{\the\titlerunning}%
+       \fi
+       \global\setbox\titrun=\hbox{\small\rm\unboldmath\if@numart\else
+                                   \@seccntformat{chapter}\fi
+                                   \ignorespaces\@title}%
+       \ifdim\wd\titrun>\instindent
+          \typeout{Title too long for running head. Please supply}%
+          \typeout{a shorter form with \string\titlerunning\space prior to
+                   \string\maketitle}%
+          \global\setbox\titrun=\hbox{\small\rm
+          Title Suppressed Due to Excessive Length}%
+       \fi
+       \xdef\@title{\copy\titrun}%
+    \fi
+%
+    \if!\the\tocauthor!\relax
+      {\def\and{\noexpand\protect\noexpand\and}%
+      \protected@xdef\toc@uthor{\@author}}%
+    \else
+      \def\\{\noexpand\protect\noexpand\newline}%
+      \protected@xdef\scratch{\the\tocauthor}%
+      \protected@xdef\toc@uthor{\scratch}%
+    \fi
+    \addtocontents{toc}{\noexpand\protect\noexpand\authcount{\the\c@auco}}%
+    \if@numart
+       \addcontentsline{toc}{author}{\toc@uthor}%
+    \else
+       \addcontentsline{toc}{authorch}{\toc@uthor}%
+    \fi
+    \if@runhead
+       \if!\the\authorrunning!
+         \value{@inst}=\value{@auth}%
+         \setcounter{@auth}{1}%
+       \else
+         \edef\@author{\the\authorrunning}%
+       \fi
+       \global\setbox\authrun=\hbox{\small\unboldmath\@author\unskip}%
+       \ifdim\wd\authrun>\instindent
+          \typeout{Names of authors too long for running head. Please supply}%
+          \typeout{a shorter form with \string\authorrunning\space prior to
+                   \string\maketitle}%
+          \global\setbox\authrun=\hbox{\small\rm
+          Authors Suppressed Due to Excessive Length}%
+       \fi
+       \xdef\scratch{\copy\authrun}%
+       \markboth{\scratch}{\@title}%
+     \fi
+  \endgroup
+% \setcounter{footnote}{0}% footnote starts at (\inst+1)
+  \@afterindentfalse\@afterheading
+  \clearheadinfo}
+%
+\def\@maketitle{\newpage
+ \markboth{}{}%
+ \def\lastand{\ifnum\value{@inst}=2\relax
+                 \unskip{} \andname\
+              \else
+                 \unskip \lastandname\
+              \fi}%
+ \def\and{\stepcounter{@auth}\relax
+          \ifnum\value{@auth}=\value{@inst}%
+             \lastand
+          \else
+             \unskip,
+          \fi}%
+  \raggedright
+ {\chapnumsize
+  \chapnumstyle
+  \pretolerance=10000
+  \let\\=\newline
+% \@hangfrom{\@svsec}%
+%%%  \@svsec
+  \raggedright
+  \hyphenpenalty \@M
+  \interlinepenalty \@M
+  \if@numart
+     \chap@hangfrom{}%!!!
+  \else
+     \chap@hangfrom{\thechapter\thechapterend\hskip\betweenumberspace}%!!!
+  \fi
+  \ignorespaces
+  \chapsize
+  \chapstyle
+  \@title \par}\vskip .8cm
+\if!\@subtitle!\else {\chapnumsize\chapnumstyle
+  \vskip -.65cm
+  \pretolerance=10000
+  \@subtitle \par}\vskip .8cm\fi
+ \setbox0=\vbox{\setcounter{@auth}{1}\def\and{\stepcounter{@auth}}%
+ \def\thanks##1{}\@author}%
+ \global\value{@inst}=\value{@auth}%
+ \global\value{auco}=\value{@auth}%
+ \setcounter{@auth}{1}%
+{\lineskip .5em
+ \noindent\ignorespaces
+ \@author\vskip.35cm}
+ \processmotto % {\small\institutename\par}
+ \institutename
+ \ifdim\pagetotal>157\p@
+     \vskip 11\p@
+ \else
+     \@tempdima=168\p@\advance\@tempdima by-\pagetotal
+     \vskip\@tempdima
+ \fi
+}
+
+\def\email#1{\emailname: \url{#1}}
+
+% Useful environments
+\newenvironment{abbrsymblist}[1][\qquad]
+   {\section*{\abbrsymbname}
+    \mtaddtocont{\protect\contentsline{mtchap}{\abbrsymbname}{\thepage}\hyperhrefextend}
+    \begin{description}[#1]}{\end{description}\addvspace{10\p@}}
+%
+\newenvironment{acknowledgement}{\par\addvspace{17\p@}\small\rm
+\trivlist\item[\hskip\labelsep{\bfseries\ackname}]}
+{\endtrivlist\addvspace{6\p@}}
+%
+\newenvironment{noteadd}{\par\addvspace{17\p@}\small\rm
+\trivlist\item[\hskip\labelsep{\it\noteaddname}]}
+{\endtrivlist\addvspace{6\p@}}
+%
+\DeclareRobustCommand\abstract{\@ifstar\@abstgobl\@abstract}
+\def\@abstract#1{\noindent\textbf{\abstractname} #1\par
+%\@afterindentfalse
+%\@afterheading
+}
+\def\@abstgobl#1{\par
+%\@afterindentfalse
+%\@afterheading
+}
+%
+\newcommand{\keywords}[1]{\par\addvspace\baselineskip
+\noindent\keywordname\enspace\ignorespaces#1}
+%
+% define the running headings of a twoside text
+\def\runheadsize{\small}
+\def\runheadstyle{\rmfamily\upshape}
+\def\customizhead{\hspace{\headlineindent}}
+
+\def\ps@bchap{%\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
+     \let\@oddhead\@empty\let\@evenhead\@empty
+     \def\@oddfoot{\reset@font\small\hfil\thepage}%
+     \let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot}
+
+\def\ps@headings{\let\@mkboth\markboth
+   \let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty
+   \def\@evenhead{\runheadsize\runheadstyle\rlap{\thepage}\hfil
+                  \leftmark}
+   \def\@oddhead{\runheadsize\runheadstyle\rightmark\hfil
+                  \llap{\thepage}}
+   \def\chaptermark##1{\markboth{{\ifnum\c@secnumdepth>\m@ne
+      \thechapter\thechapterend\hskip\betweenumberspace\fi ##1}}{{\ifnum %!!!
+      \c@secnumdepth>\m@ne\thechapter\thechapterend\hskip\betweenumberspace\fi ##1}}}%!!!
+   \def\sectionmark##1{\markright{{\ifnum\c@secnumdepth>\z@
+      \thesection\hskip\betweenumberspace\fi ##1}}}}
+
+\def\ps@myheadings{\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
+   \let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty
+   \def\@evenhead{\runheadsize\runheadstyle\rlap{\thepage}\hfil
+                  \leftmark}
+   \def\@oddhead{\runheadsize\runheadstyle\rightmark\hfil
+                  \llap{\thepage}}
+   \let\chaptermark\@gobble
+   \let\sectionmark\@gobble
+   \let\subsectionmark\@gobble}
+
+\if@runhead\ps@myheadings\else
+\ps@empty\fi
+
+\endinput
+%end of file svmult.cls