2 $f_l: \Bool^l \rightarrow \Bool^l$ t.q. le $i^{\textrm{ème}}$ composant
8 \overline{x_i} \textrm{ if $i$ is odd} \\
9 x_i \oplus x_{i-1} \textrm{ if $i$ is even}
12 \end{equation}\label{eq:fqq}
14 Prouvons que la matrice de Markov associée est doublement stochastique.
16 the Markov chain is stochastic by construction.
18 Let us prove that its Markov chain is doubly stochastic by induction on the
20 For $l=1$ and $l=2$ the proof is obvious. Let us consider that the
21 result is established until $l=2k$ for some $k \in \Nats$.
23 Let us then firstly prove the doubly stochasticity for $l=2k+1$.
24 Following notations introduced in~\cite{bcgr11:ip},
25 Let $\textsc{giu}(f_{2k+1})^0$ and $\textsc{giu}(f_{2k+1})^1$ denote
26 the subgraphs of $\textsc{giu}(f_{2k+1})$ induced by the subset $\Bool^{2k} \times\{0\}$
27 and $\Bool^{2k} \times\{1\}$ of $\Bool^{2k+1}$ respectively.
28 $\textsc{giu}(f_{2k+1})^0$ and $\textsc{giu}(f_{2k+1})^1$ are isomorphic to $\textsc{giu}(f_{2k})$.
29 Furthermore, these two graphs are linked together only with arcs of the form
30 $(x_1,\dots,x_{2k},0) \to (x_1,\dots,x_{2k},1)$ and
31 $(x_1,\dots,x_{2k},1) \to (x_1,\dots,x_{2k},0)$.
32 In $\textsc{giu}(f_{2k+1})$ the number of arcs whose extremity is $(x_1,\dots,x_{2k},0)$
33 is the same than the number of arcs whose extremity is $(x_1,\dots,x_{2k})$
34 augmented with 1, and similarly for $(x_1,\dots,x_{2k},1)$.
35 By induction hypothesis, the Markov chain associated to $\textsc{giu}(f_{2k})$ is doubly stochastic. All the vertices $(x_1,\dots,x_{2k})$ have thus the same number of
36 ingoing arcs and the proof is established for $l$ is $2k+1$.
38 Let us then prove the doubly stochasticity for $l=2k+2$.
39 The map $f_l$ is defined by
40 $f_l(x)= (\overline{x_1},x_2 \oplus x_{1},\dots,\overline{x_{2k+1}},x_{2k+2} \oplus x_{2k+1})$.
41 With previously defined notations, let us focus on
42 $\textsc{giu}(f_{2k+2})^0$ and $\textsc{giu}(f_{2k+2})^1$ which are isomorphic to $\textsc{giu}(f_{2k+1})$.
43 Among configurations of $\Bool^{2k+2}$, only four suffixes of length 2 can be
44 obviously observed, namely, $00$, $10$, $11$ and $01$.
46 $f_{2k+2}(\dots,0,0)_{2k+2}=0$, $f_{2k+2}(\dots,1,0)_{2k+2}=1$,
47 $f_{2k+2}(\dots,1,1)_{2k+2}=0$ and $f_{2k+2}(\dots,0,1)_{2k+2}=1$, the number of
48 arcs whose extremity is
50 \item $(x_1,\dots,x_{2k},0,0)$
51 is the same than the one whose extremity is $(x_1,\dots,x_{2k},0)$ in $\textsc{giu}(f_{2k+1})$ augmented with 1 (loop over configurations $(x_1,\dots,x_{2k},0,0)$).
52 \item $(x_1,\dots,x_{2k},1,0)$
53 is the same than the one whose extremity is $(x_1,\dots,x_{2k},0)$ in $\textsc{giu}(f_{2k+1})$ augmented with 1 (arc from configurations
54 $(x_1,\dots,x_{2k},1,1)$ to configurations
55 $(x_1,\dots,x_{2k},1,0)$)
56 \item $(x_1,\dots,x_{2k},0,1)$
57 is the same than the one whose extremity is $(x_1,\dots,x_{2k},0)$ in $\textsc{giu}(f_{2k+1})$ augmented with 1 (loop over configurations $(x_1,\dots,x_{2k},0,1)$).
58 \item $(x_1,\dots,x_{2k},1,1)$
59 is the same than the one whose extremity is $(x_1,\dots,x_{2k},1)$ in $\textsc{giu}(f_{2k+1})$ augmented with 1 (arc from configurations
60 $(x_1,\dots,x_{2k},1,0)$ to configurations
61 $(x_1,\dots,x_{2k},1,1)$).
63 Thus all the vertices $(x_1,\dots,x_{2k})$ have the same number of
64 ingoing arcs and the proof is established for $l=2k+2$.