loba-besteffort.pdf
loba-besteffort.ps
+loba-besteffort.spl
data/results.done
data/results2.done
--- /dev/null
+%%
+%% This is file `elsarticle-num.bst',
+%%
+%% Copyright 2007, 2008, 2009 Elsevier Ltd
+%%
+%% This file is part of the 'Elsarticle Bundle'.
+%% ---------------------------------------------
+%%
+%% It may be distributed under the conditions of the LaTeX Project Public
+%% License, either version 1.2 of this license or (at your option) any
+%% later version. The latest version of this license is in
+%% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+%% and version 1.2 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
+%% version 1999/12/01 or later.
+%%
+%% The list of all files belonging to the 'Elsarticle Bundle' is
+%% given in the file `manifest.txt'.
+%%
+%%
+%% $Id: elsarticle-num.bst 19 2009-12-17 07:07:52Z rishi $
+%%
+%%
+%% ----------------------------------------
+%%
+ENTRY
+ { address
+ author
+ booktitle
+ chapter
+ edition
+ editor
+ howpublished
+ institution
+ journal
+ key
+ month
+ note
+ number
+ organization
+ pages
+ publisher
+ school
+ series
+ title
+ type
+ volume
+ year
+ eprint % urlbst
+ doi % urlbst
+ url % urlbst
+ lastchecked % urlbst
+ }
+ {}
+ { label }
+
+INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }
+
+STRINGS { urlintro eprinturl eprintprefix doiprefix doiurl openinlinelink closeinlinelink } % urlbst...
+INTEGERS { hrefform inlinelinks makeinlinelink addeprints adddoiresolver }
+FUNCTION {init.urlbst.variables}
+{
+ "Available from: " 'urlintro := % prefix before URL
+ "http://arxiv.org/abs/" 'eprinturl := % prefix to make URL from eprint ref
+ "arXiv:" 'eprintprefix := % text prefix printed before eprint ref
+ "http://dx.doi.org/" 'doiurl := % prefix to make URL from DOI
+ "doi:" 'doiprefix := % text prefix printed before DOI ref
+ #1 'addeprints := % 0=no eprints; 1=include eprints
+ #1 'adddoiresolver := % 0=no DOI resolver; 1=include it
+ #2 'hrefform := % 0=no crossrefs; 1=hypertex xrefs; 2=hyperref refs
+ #1 'inlinelinks := % 0=URLs explicit; 1=URLs attached to titles
+ % the following are internal state variables, not config constants
+ #0 'makeinlinelink := % state variable managed by setup.inlinelink
+ "" 'openinlinelink := % ditto
+ "" 'closeinlinelink := % ditto
+}
+INTEGERS {
+ bracket.state
+ outside.brackets
+ open.brackets
+ within.brackets
+ close.brackets
+}
+FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
+{ #0 'outside.brackets := % urlbst
+ #1 'open.brackets :=
+ #2 'within.brackets :=
+ #3 'close.brackets :=
+
+ #0 'before.all :=
+ #1 'mid.sentence :=
+ #2 'after.sentence :=
+ #3 'after.block :=
+}
+
+STRINGS { s t }
+
+FUNCTION {output.nonnull.original}
+{ 's :=
+ output.state mid.sentence =
+ { ", " * write$ }
+ { output.state after.block =
+ { add.period$ write$
+ newline$
+ "\newblock " write$
+ }
+ { output.state before.all =
+ 'write$
+ { add.period$ " " * write$ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+ }
+ if$
+ s
+}
+
+FUNCTION {setup.inlinelink}
+{ makeinlinelink
+ { hrefform #1 = % hypertex
+ { "\special {html:<a href=" quote$ * url * quote$ * "> }{" * 'openinlinelink :=
+ "\special {html:</a>}" 'closeinlinelink :=
+ }
+ { hrefform #2 = % hyperref
+ { "\href{" url * "}{" * 'openinlinelink :=
+ "}" 'closeinlinelink :=
+ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$ % hrefform #2 =
+ }
+ if$ % hrefform #1 =
+ #0 'makeinlinelink :=
+ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$ % makeinlinelink
+}
+FUNCTION {add.inlinelink}
+{ openinlinelink empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { openinlinelink swap$ * closeinlinelink *
+ "" 'openinlinelink :=
+ }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
+{ % Save the thing we've been asked to output
+ 's :=
+ % If the bracket-state is close.brackets, then add a close-bracket to
+ % what is currently at the top of the stack, and set bracket.state
+ % to outside.brackets
+ bracket.state close.brackets =
+ { "]" *
+ outside.brackets 'bracket.state :=
+ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ bracket.state outside.brackets =
+ { % We're outside all brackets -- this is the normal situation.
+ % Write out what's currently at the top of the stack, using the
+ % original output.nonnull function.
+ s
+ add.inlinelink
+ output.nonnull.original % invoke the original output.nonnull
+ }
+ { % Still in brackets. Add open-bracket or (continuation) comma, add the
+ % new text (in s) to the top of the stack, and move to the close-brackets
+ % state, ready for next time (unless inbrackets resets it). If we come
+ % into this branch, then output.state is carefully undisturbed.
+ bracket.state open.brackets =
+ { " [" * }
+ { ", " * } % bracket.state will be within.brackets
+ if$
+ s *
+ close.brackets 'bracket.state :=
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inbrackets}
+{ bracket.state close.brackets =
+ { within.brackets 'bracket.state := } % reset the state: not open nor closed
+ { open.brackets 'bracket.state := }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.lastchecked}
+{ lastchecked empty$
+ { "" }
+ { inbrackets "cited " lastchecked * }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ 'pop$
+ 'output.nonnull
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.check}
+{ 't :=
+ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+ 'output.nonnull
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {fin.entry.original}
+{ add.period$
+ write$
+ newline$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block}
+{ output.state before.all =
+ 'skip$
+ { after.block 'output.state := }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.sentence}
+{ output.state after.block =
+ 'skip$
+ { output.state before.all =
+ 'skip$
+ { after.sentence 'output.state := }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {add.blank}
+{ " " * before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {date.block}
+{
+ add.blank
+}
+
+FUNCTION {not}
+{ { #0 }
+ { #1 }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {and}
+{ 'skip$
+ { pop$ #0 }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {or}
+{ { pop$ #1 }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block.checka}
+{ empty$
+ 'skip$
+ 'new.block
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
+{ empty$
+ swap$ empty$
+ and
+ 'skip$
+ 'new.block
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.sentence.checka}
+{ empty$
+ 'skip$
+ 'new.sentence
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.sentence.checkb}
+{ empty$
+ swap$ empty$
+ and
+ 'skip$
+ 'new.sentence
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {field.or.null}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "" }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {emphasize}
+{ skip$ }
+
+FUNCTION {capitalize}
+{ "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$ }
+
+FUNCTION {space.word}
+{ " " swap$ * " " * }
+
+ % Here are the language-specific definitions for explicit words.
+ % Each function has a name bbl.xxx where xxx is the English word.
+ % The language selected here is ENGLISH
+FUNCTION {bbl.and}
+{ "and"}
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.etal}
+{ "et~al." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.editors}
+{ "Eds." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.editor}
+{ "Ed." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.edby}
+{ "edited by" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.edition}
+{ "Edition" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.volume}
+{ "Vol." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.of}
+{ "of" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.number}
+{ "no." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.nr}
+{ "no." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.in}
+{ "in" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.pages}
+{ "pp." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.page}
+{ "p." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.chapter}
+{ "Ch." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.techrep}
+{ "Tech. Rep." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis}
+{ "Master's thesis" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis}
+{ "Ph.D. thesis" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.first}
+{ "1st" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.second}
+{ "2nd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.third}
+{ "3rd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.fourth}
+{ "4th" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.fifth}
+{ "5th" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.st}
+{ "st" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.nd}
+{ "nd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.rd}
+{ "rd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.th}
+{ "th" }
+
+MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}
+
+MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}
+
+MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}
+
+MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}
+
+MACRO {may} {"May"}
+
+MACRO {jun} {"Jun."}
+
+MACRO {jul} {"Jul."}
+
+MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}
+
+MACRO {sep} {"Sep."}
+
+MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}
+
+MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}
+
+MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}
+
+FUNCTION {eng.ord}
+{ duplicate$ "1" swap$ *
+ #-2 #1 substring$ "1" =
+ { bbl.th * }
+ { duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$
+ duplicate$ "1" =
+ { pop$ bbl.st * }
+ { duplicate$ "2" =
+ { pop$ bbl.nd * }
+ { "3" =
+ { bbl.rd * }
+ { bbl.th * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Comput. Surv."}
+
+MACRO {acta} {"Acta Inf."}
+
+MACRO {cacm} {"Commun. ACM"}
+
+MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM J. Res. Dev."}
+
+MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Syst.~J."}
+
+MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng."}
+
+MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Trans. Comput."}
+
+MACRO {ieeetcad}
+ {"IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Design Integrated Circuits"}
+
+MACRO {ipl} {"Inf. Process. Lett."}
+
+MACRO {jacm} {"J.~ACM"}
+
+MACRO {jcss} {"J.~Comput. Syst. Sci."}
+
+MACRO {scp} {"Sci. Comput. Programming"}
+
+MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM J. Comput."}
+
+MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Trans. Comput. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tods} {"ACM Trans. Database Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tog} {"ACM Trans. Gr."}
+
+MACRO {toms} {"ACM Trans. Math. Softw."}
+
+MACRO {toois} {"ACM Trans. Office Inf. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Trans. Prog. Lang. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tcs} {"Theoretical Comput. Sci."}
+
+FUNCTION {write.url}
+{ url empty$
+ { skip$ }
+ { "\newline\urlprefix\url{" url * "}" * write$ newline$ }
+ if$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }
+
+FUNCTION {format.names}
+{ 's :=
+ #1 'nameptr :=
+ s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+ numnames 'namesleft :=
+ { namesleft #0 > }
+ { s nameptr
+ "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$
+ 't :=
+ nameptr #1 >
+ {
+ namesleft #1 >
+ { ", " * t * }
+ {
+ "," *
+ s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
+ { 't := }
+ { pop$ }
+ if$
+ t "others" =
+ {
+ " " * bbl.etal *
+ }
+ { " " * t * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ 't
+ if$
+ nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+ namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+ }
+ while$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.names.ed}
+{ format.names }
+FUNCTION {format.authors}
+{ author empty$
+ { "" }
+ { author format.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.editors}
+{ editor empty$
+ { "" }
+ { editor format.names
+ editor num.names$ #1 >
+ { " (" * bbl.editors * ")" * }
+ { " (" * bbl.editor * ")" * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.in.editors}
+{ editor empty$
+ { "" }
+ { editor format.names.ed
+ editor num.names$ #1 >
+ { " (" * bbl.editors * ")" * }
+ { " (" * bbl.editor * ")" * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.note}
+{
+ note empty$
+ { "" }
+ { note #1 #1 substring$
+ duplicate$ "{" =
+ 'skip$
+ { output.state mid.sentence =
+ { "l" }
+ { "u" }
+ if$
+ change.case$
+ }
+ if$
+ note #2 global.max$ substring$ *
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.title}
+{ title empty$
+ { "" }
+ { title "t" change.case$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.bibitem.original}
+{ newline$
+ "\bibitem{" write$
+ cite$ write$
+ "}" write$
+ newline$
+ ""
+ before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {n.dashify}
+{
+ 't :=
+ ""
+ { t empty$ not }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
+ { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
+ { "--" *
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ }
+ { { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
+ { "-" *
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ }
+ while$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$ *
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {word.in}
+{ bbl.in
+ ":" *
+ " " * }
+
+FUNCTION {format.date}
+{ year empty$
+ { month empty$
+ { "" }
+ { "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$
+ month
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { month empty$
+ 'year
+ { month " " * year * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ duplicate$ empty$
+ 'skip$
+ {
+ before.all 'output.state :=
+ " (" swap$ * ")" *
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION{format.year}
+{ year duplicate$ empty$
+ { "empty year in " cite$ * warning$ pop$ "" }
+ { "(" swap$ * ")" * }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.btitle}
+{ title
+}
+
+FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
+{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
+ { "~" }
+ { " " }
+ if$
+ swap$ * *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {either.or.check}
+{ empty$
+ 'pop$
+ { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
+{ volume empty$
+ { "" }
+ { bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.connect
+ series empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { bbl.of space.word * series emphasize * }
+ if$
+ "volume and number" number either.or.check
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.number.series}
+{ volume empty$
+ { number empty$
+ { series field.or.null }
+ { output.state mid.sentence =
+ { bbl.number }
+ { bbl.number capitalize }
+ if$
+ number tie.or.space.connect
+ series empty$
+ { "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ { bbl.in space.word * series * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { "" }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {is.num}
+{ chr.to.int$
+ duplicate$ "0" chr.to.int$ < not
+ swap$ "9" chr.to.int$ > not and
+}
+
+FUNCTION {extract.num}
+{ duplicate$ 't :=
+ "" 's :=
+ { t empty$ not }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ duplicate$ is.num
+ { s swap$ * 's := }
+ { pop$ "" 't := }
+ if$
+ }
+ while$
+ s empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { pop$ s }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {convert.edition}
+{ edition extract.num "l" change.case$ 's :=
+ s "first" = s "1" = or
+ { bbl.first 't := }
+ { s "second" = s "2" = or
+ { bbl.second 't := }
+ { s "third" = s "3" = or
+ { bbl.third 't := }
+ { s "fourth" = s "4" = or
+ { bbl.fourth 't := }
+ { s "fifth" = s "5" = or
+ { bbl.fifth 't := }
+ { s #1 #1 substring$ is.num
+ { s eng.ord 't := }
+ { edition 't := }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ t
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.edition}
+{ edition empty$
+ { "" }
+ { output.state mid.sentence =
+ { convert.edition "l" change.case$ " " * bbl.edition * }
+ { convert.edition "t" change.case$ " " * bbl.edition * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { multiresult }
+
+FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
+{ 't :=
+ #0 'multiresult :=
+ { multiresult not
+ t empty$ not
+ and
+ }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$
+ duplicate$ "-" =
+ swap$ duplicate$ "," =
+ swap$ "+" =
+ or or
+ { #1 'multiresult := }
+ { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
+ if$
+ }
+ while$
+ multiresult
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.pages}
+{ pages empty$
+ { "" }
+ { pages multi.page.check
+ { bbl.pages pages n.dashify tie.or.space.connect }
+ { bbl.page pages tie.or.space.connect }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.journal.pages}
+{ pages empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ format.pages }
+ {
+ " " *
+ format.year * " " *
+ pages n.dashify *
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
+{
+ % volume field.or.null
+ " "
+ volume empty$
+ { pop$ "" }
+ { volume * }
+ if$
+ number empty$
+ 'skip$
+ {
+ "~(" number * ")" * *
+ volume empty$
+ { "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
+{ chapter empty$
+ { "" }
+ { type empty$
+ { bbl.chapter }
+ { type "l" change.case$ }
+ if$
+ chapter tie.or.space.connect
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
+{ booktitle empty$
+ { "" }
+ { editor empty$
+ { word.in booktitle * }
+ { word.in format.in.editors * ", " *
+ booktitle * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {empty.misc.check}
+{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$
+ month empty$ year empty$ note empty$
+ and and and and and
+ { "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
+{ type empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { pop$
+ type "t" change.case$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
+{ type empty$
+ { bbl.techrep }
+ 'type
+ if$
+ number empty$
+ { "t" change.case$ }
+ { number tie.or.space.connect }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
+{
+ key empty$
+ { journal empty$
+ { "need key or journal for " cite$ * " to crossref " * crossref *
+ warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { word.in journal emphasize * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { word.in key * " " *}
+ if$
+ " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.crossref.editor}
+{ editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+ editor num.names$ duplicate$
+ #2 >
+ { pop$
+ " " * bbl.etal *
+ }
+ { #2 <
+ 'skip$
+ { editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
+ {
+ " " * bbl.etal *
+ }
+ { bbl.and space.word * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+ * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
+{ volume empty$
+ { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
+ word.in
+ }
+ { bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.connect
+ bbl.of space.word *
+ }
+ if$
+ editor empty$
+ editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
+ or
+ { key empty$
+ { series empty$
+ { "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
+ crossref * warning$
+ "" *
+ }
+ { series emphasize * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { key * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { format.crossref.editor * }
+ if$
+ " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
+{
+ editor empty$
+ editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
+ or
+ { key empty$
+ { booktitle empty$
+ { "need editor, key, or booktitle for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
+ crossref * warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { word.in booktitle * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { word.in key * " " *}
+ if$
+ }
+ { word.in format.crossref.editor * " " *}
+ if$
+ " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.org.or.pub}
+{ 't :=
+ ""
+ year empty$
+ { "empty year in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ address empty$ t empty$ and
+ year empty$ and
+ 'skip$
+ {
+ t empty$
+ { address empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { address * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { t *
+ address empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { ", " * address * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ year empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { t empty$ address empty$ and
+ 'skip$
+ { ", " * }
+ if$
+ year *
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.publisher.address}
+{ publisher empty$
+ { "empty publisher in " cite$ * warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { publisher }
+ if$
+ format.org.or.pub
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.organization.address}
+{ organization empty$
+ { "" }
+ { organization }
+ if$
+ format.org.or.pub
+}
+
+FUNCTION {make.href.null}
+{
+ pop$
+}
+FUNCTION {make.href.hypertex}
+{
+ "\special {html:<a href=" quote$ *
+ swap$ * quote$ * "> }" * swap$ *
+ "\special {html:</a>}" *
+}
+FUNCTION {make.href.hyperref}
+{
+ "\href {" swap$ * "} {\path{" * swap$ * "}}" *
+}
+FUNCTION {make.href}
+{ hrefform #2 =
+ 'make.href.hyperref % hrefform = 2
+ { hrefform #1 =
+ 'make.href.hypertex % hrefform = 1
+ 'make.href.null % hrefform = 0 (or anything else)
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.url}
+{ inlinelinks #1 = url empty$ or
+ { "" }
+ { hrefform #1 =
+ { % special case -- add HyperTeX specials
+ urlintro "\url{" url * "}" * url make.href.hypertex * }
+ { urlintro "\url{" * url * "}" * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.eprint}
+{ eprint empty$
+ { "" }
+ { eprintprefix eprint * eprinturl eprint * make.href }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.doi}
+{ doi empty$
+ { "" }
+ { doiprefix doi * doiurl doi * make.href }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.url}
+{ url empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { new.block
+ format.url output
+ format.lastchecked output
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.web.refs}
+{
+ new.block
+ output.url
+ addeprints eprint empty$ not and
+ { format.eprint output.nonnull }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ adddoiresolver doi empty$ not and
+ { format.doi output.nonnull }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
+{ outside.brackets 'bracket.state :=
+ output.bibitem.original
+ inlinelinks url empty$ not and
+ { #1 'makeinlinelink := }
+ { #0 'makeinlinelink := }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {fin.entry}
+{ output.web.refs % urlbst
+ makeinlinelink % ooops, it appears we didn't have a title for inlinelink
+ { setup.inlinelink % add some artificial link text here, as a fallback
+ "[link]" output.nonnull }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ bracket.state close.brackets = % urlbst
+ { "]" * }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ fin.entry.original
+}
+
+FUNCTION {webpage}
+{ output.bibitem
+ author empty$
+ { editor empty$
+ 'skip$ % author and editor both optional
+ { format.editors output.nonnull }
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor empty$
+ { format.authors output.nonnull }
+ { "can't use both author and editor fields in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ inbrackets "online" output
+ new.block
+ year empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { format.date "year" output.check }
+ if$
+ % We don't need to output the URL details ('lastchecked' and 'url'),
+ % because fin.entry does that for us, using output.web.refs. The only
+ % reason we would want to put them here is if we were to decide that
+ % they should go in front of the rather miscellaneous information in 'note'.
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {article}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ crossref missing$
+ { journal
+ "journal" output.check
+ % add.blank
+ before.all 'output.state :=
+ format.vol.num.pages output
+ }
+ { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
+ format.pages output
+ }
+ if$
+ format.journal.pages
+ format.note output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {book}
+{ output.bibitem
+ author empty$
+ { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+ }
+ { format.authors output.nonnull
+ crossref missing$
+ { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ crossref missing$
+ { format.edition output
+ format.bvolume output
+ format.number.series output
+ format.publisher.address output
+ }
+ {
+ format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+ }
+ if$
+ format.note output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {booklet}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors output
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ howpublished output
+ address output
+ format.note output
+ format.date output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inbook}
+{ output.bibitem
+ author empty$
+ { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+ }
+ { format.authors output.nonnull
+ crossref missing$
+ { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ crossref missing$
+ {
+ format.edition output
+ format.bvolume output
+ format.number.series output
+ format.publisher.address output
+ format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+ }
+ {
+ format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+ format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+ }
+ if$
+ format.pages "pages" output.check
+ format.note output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {incollection}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ crossref missing$
+ { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+ format.edition output
+ format.bvolume output
+ format.number.series output
+ format.publisher.address output
+ format.chapter.pages output
+ }
+ { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+ format.chapter.pages output
+ }
+ if$
+ format.pages "pages" output.check
+ format.note output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inproceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ crossref missing$
+ { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+ format.edition output
+ format.bvolume output
+ format.number.series output
+ publisher empty$
+ { format.organization.address output }
+ { organization output
+ format.publisher.address output
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+ }
+ if$
+ format.pages "pages" output.check
+ format.note output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }
+
+FUNCTION {manual}
+{ output.bibitem
+ author empty$
+ { organization empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { organization output.nonnull
+ address output
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { format.authors output.nonnull }
+ if$
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ author empty$
+ { organization empty$
+ {
+ address output
+ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ {
+ organization output
+ address output
+ }
+ if$
+ format.edition output
+ format.note output
+ format.date output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ bbl.mthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+ school "school" output.check
+ address output
+ format.note output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {misc}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors output
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+ format.title output
+ howpublished output
+ format.note output
+ format.date output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+ empty.misc.check
+}
+
+FUNCTION {phdthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ bbl.phdthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+ school "school" output.check
+ address output
+ format.note output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {proceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+ editor empty$
+ { organization output }
+ { format.editors output.nonnull }
+ if$
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ format.bvolume output
+ format.number.series output
+ editor empty$
+ { publisher empty$
+ 'skip$
+ {
+ format.publisher.address output
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { publisher empty$
+ {
+ format.organization.address output }
+ {
+ organization output
+ format.publisher.address output
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ format.note output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {techreport}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ format.tr.number output.nonnull
+ institution "institution" output.check
+ address output
+ format.note output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {unpublished}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ format.note "note" output.check
+ format.date output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }
+
+READ
+
+STRINGS { longest.label }
+
+INTEGERS { number.label longest.label.width }
+
+FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label}
+{ "" 'longest.label :=
+ #1 'number.label :=
+ #0 'longest.label.width :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {longest.label.pass}
+{ number.label int.to.str$ 'label :=
+ number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
+ label width$ longest.label.width >
+ { label 'longest.label :=
+ label width$ 'longest.label.width :=
+ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+}
+
+EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label}
+
+ITERATE {longest.label.pass}
+
+FUNCTION {begin.bib}
+{ preamble$ empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
+ if$
+ "\begin{thebibliography}{" longest.label * "}" *
+ write$ newline$
+ "\expandafter\ifx\csname url\endcsname\relax"
+ write$ newline$
+ " \def\url#1{\texttt{#1}}\fi"
+ write$ newline$
+ "\expandafter\ifx\csname urlprefix\endcsname\relax\def\urlprefix{URL }\fi"
+ write$ newline$
+ "\expandafter\ifx\csname href\endcsname\relax"
+ write$ newline$
+ " \def\href#1#2{#2} \def\path#1{#1}\fi"
+ write$ newline$
+}
+
+EXECUTE {begin.bib}
+
+EXECUTE {init.urlbst.variables}
+EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
+
+ITERATE {call.type$}
+
+FUNCTION {end.bib}
+{ newline$
+ "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
+}
+
+EXECUTE {end.bib}
+%% End of customized bst file
+%%
+%% End of file `elsarticle-num.bst'.
+
+
--- /dev/null
+%%
+%% This is file `elsarticle.cls',
+%% generated with the docstrip utility.
+%%
+%% The original source files were:
+%%
+%% elsarticle.dtx (with options: `class')
+%%
+%% Copyright 2007, 2008, 2009 Elsevier Ltd
+%%
+%% This file is part of the 'Elsarticle Bundle'.
+%% -------------------------------------------
+%%
+%% It may be distributed under the conditions of the LaTeX Project Public
+%% License, either version 1.2 of this license or (at your option) any
+%% later version. The latest version of this license is in
+%% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+%% and version 1.2 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
+%% version 1999/12/01 or later.
+%%
+%% The list of all files belonging to the 'Elsarticle Bundle' is
+%% given in the file `manifest.txt'.
+%%
+%%
+%% $Id: elsarticle.dtx 19 2009-12-17 07:07:52Z rishi $
+%%
+ \def\RCSfile{elsarticle}%
+ \def\RCSversion{1.20b}%
+ \def\RCSdate{2009/09/17}%
+ \def\@shortjnl{\relax}
+ \def\@journal{Elsevier Ltd} \def\@company{Elsevier Ltd}
+ \def\@issn{000-0000}
+ \def\@shortjid{elsarticle}
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]
+\ProvidesClass{\@shortjid}[\RCSdate, \RCSversion: \@journal]
+\def\ABD{\AtBeginDocument}
+\newif\ifpreprint \preprintfalse
+\newif\iflongmktitle \longmktitlefalse
+
+\def\@blstr{1}
+\newdimen\@bls
+\@bls=\baselineskip
+
+\def\@finalWarning{%
+ *****************************************************\MessageBreak
+ This document is typeset in the CRC style which\MessageBreak
+ is not suitable for submission.\MessageBreak
+ \MessageBreak
+ Please typeset again using 'preprint' option\MessageBreak
+ for creating PDF suitable for submission.\MessageBreak
+ ******************************************************\MessageBreak
+}
+
+\DeclareOption{preprint}{\global\preprinttrue
+ \gdef\@blstr{1}\xdef\jtype{0}%
+ \AtBeginDocument{\@twosidefalse\@mparswitchfalse}}
+\DeclareOption{final}{\gdef\@blstr{1}\global\preprintfalse}
+\DeclareOption{review}{\global\preprinttrue\gdef\@blstr{1.5}}
+\DeclareOption{authoryear}{\xdef\@biboptions{round,authoryear}}
+\DeclareOption{number}{\xdef\@biboptions{numbers}}
+\DeclareOption{numbers}{\xdef\@biboptions{numbers}}
+\DeclareOption{longtitle}{\global\longmktitletrue}
+\DeclareOption{5p}{\xdef\jtype{5}\global\preprintfalse
+ \ExecuteOptions{twocolumn}}
+ \def\jtype{0}
+\DeclareOption{3p}{\xdef\jtype{3}\global\preprintfalse}
+\DeclareOption{1p}{\xdef\jtype{1}\global\preprintfalse
+ \AtBeginDocument{\@twocolumnfalse}}
+\DeclareOption{times}{\IfFileExists{txfonts.sty}%
+ {\AtEndOfClass{\RequirePackage{txfonts}%
+ \gdef\ttdefault{cmtt}%
+ \let\iint\relax
+ \let\iiint\relax
+ \let\iiiint\relax
+ \let\idotsint\relax
+ \let\openbox\relax}}{\RequirePackage{times}}}
+\ExecuteOptions{a4paper,10pt,oneside,onecolumn,number,preprint}
+\DeclareOption*{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{article}}
+\ProcessOptions
+\LoadClass{article}
+\RequirePackage{graphicx}
+\let\comma\@empty
+\let\tnotesep\@empty
+\def\title#1{\gdef\@title{#1}}
+\let\@title\@empty
+
+\def\elsLabel#1{\@bsphack\protected@write\@auxout{}%
+ {\string\Newlabel{#1}{\@currentlabel}}\@esphack}
+\def\Newlabel#1#2{\expandafter\xdef\csname X@#1\endcsname{#2}}
+
+\def\elsRef#1{\@ifundefined{X@#1}{0}{\csname X@#1\endcsname}%
+}
+
+\def\tnotemark[#1]{\textsuperscript{\@for\@@tmark:=#1\do{%
+ \edef\tnotenum{\@ifundefined{X@\@@tmark}{1}{\elsRef{\@@tmark}}}%
+ \ifcase\tnotenum\or\ding{73}\or,\ding{73}\ding{73}\fi}}%
+}
+\let\@tnotemark\@empty
+
+\let\@tnotes\@empty
+\RequirePackage{pifont}
+\newcounter{tnote}
+\def\tnotetext[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\@tnotes{%
+ \refstepcounter{tnote}\elsLabel{#1}%
+ \def\thefootnote{\ifcase\c@tnote\or\ding{73}\or\ding{73}\ding{73}\fi}%
+ \footnotetext{#2}}}
+
+\let\@nonumnotes\@empty
+\def\nonumnote#1{\g@addto@macro\@nonumnotes{%
+ \let\thefootnote\relax\footnotetext{#1}}}
+
+\newcounter{fnote}
+\def\fnmark[#1]{\let\comma\@empty
+ \def\@fnmark{\@for\@@fnmark:=#1\do{%
+ \edef\fnotenum{\@ifundefined{X@\@@fnmark}{1}{\elsRef{\@@fnmark}}}%
+ \unskip\comma\fnotenum\let\comma,}}%
+}
+
+\let\@fnotes\@empty\let\@fnmark\@empty
+\def\fntext[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\@fnotes{%
+ \refstepcounter{fnote}\elsLabel{#1}%
+ \def\thefootnote{\thefnote}%
+ \global\setcounter{footnote}{\thefnote}%
+ \footnotetext{#2}}}
+
+\def\cormark[#1]{\edef\cnotenum{\elsRef{#1}}%
+ \unskip\textsuperscript{\sep\ifcase\cnotenum\or
+ $\ast$\or$\ast\ast$\fi\hspace{-1pt}}\let\sep=,}
+
+\let\@cormark\@empty
+\let\@cornotes\@empty
+\newcounter{cnote}
+\def\cortext[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\@cornotes{%
+ \refstepcounter{cnote}\elsLabel{#1}%
+ \def\thefootnote{\ifcase\thecnote\or$\ast$\or
+ $\ast\ast$\fi}%
+ \footnotetext{#2}}}
+
+\let\@corref\@empty
+\def\corref#1{\edef\cnotenum{\elsRef{#1}}%
+ \edef\@corref{\ifcase\cnotenum\or
+ $\ast$\or$\ast\ast$\fi\hskip-1pt}}
+
+\def\fnref#1{\fnmark[#1]}
+\def\tnoteref#1{\tnotemark[#1]}
+
+\def\resetTitleCounters{\c@cnote=0
+ \c@fnote=0 \c@tnote=0 \c@footnote=0}
+
+\let\eadsep\@empty
+\let\@elseads\@empty
+\let\@elsuads\@empty
+\let\@cormark\@empty
+\def\hashchar{\expandafter\@gobble\string\~}
+\def\underscorechar{\expandafter\@gobble\string\_}
+\def\lbracechar{\expandafter\@gobble\string\{}
+\def\rbracechar{\expandafter\@gobble\string\}}
+
+\def\ead{\@ifnextchar[{\@uad}{\@ead}}
+\gdef\@ead#1{\bgroup\def\_{\string\underscorechar\space}%
+ \def\{{\string\lbracechar\space}%
+ \def~{\hashchar\space}%
+ \def\}{\string\rbracechar\space}%
+ \edef\tmp{\the\@eadauthor}
+ \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\emailauthor
+ {#1}{\expandafter\strip@prefix\meaning\tmp}}%
+ \egroup
+}
+\newcounter{ead}
+\gdef\emailauthor#1#2{\stepcounter{ead}%
+ \g@addto@macro\@elseads{\raggedright%
+ \let\corref\@gobble
+ \eadsep\texttt{#1} (#2)\def\eadsep{\unskip,\space}}%
+}
+\gdef\@uad[#1]#2{\bgroup
+ \def~{\string\hashchar\space}%
+ \def\_{\string\underscorechar\space}%
+ \edef\tmp{\the\@eadauthor}
+ \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\urlauthor
+ {#2}{\expandafter\strip@prefix\meaning\tmp}}%
+ \egroup
+}
+\def\urlauthor#1#2{\g@addto@macro\@elsuads{\let\corref\@gobble%
+ \raggedright\eadsep\texttt{#1}\space(#2)%
+ \def\eadsep{\unskip,\space}}%
+}
+
+\def\elsauthors{}
+\def\pprinttitle{}
+\let\authorsep\@empty
+\let\sep\@empty
+\newcounter{author}
+\def\author{\@ifnextchar[{\@@author}{\@author}}
+
+\newtoks\@eadauthor
+\def\@@author[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\elsauthors{%
+ \def\baselinestretch{1}%
+ \authorsep#2\unskip\textsuperscript{%#1%
+ \@for\@@affmark:=#1\do{%
+ \edef\affnum{\@ifundefined{X@\@@affmark}{1}{\elsRef{\@@affmark}}}%
+ \unskip\sep\affnum\let\sep=,}%
+ \ifx\@fnmark\@empty\else\unskip\sep\@fnmark\let\sep=,\fi
+ \ifx\@corref\@empty\else\unskip\sep\@corref\let\sep=,\fi
+ }%
+ \def\authorsep{\unskip,\space}%
+ \global\let\sep\@empty\global\let\@corref\@empty
+ \global\let\@fnmark\@empty}%
+ \@eadauthor={#2}
+}
+
+\def\@author#1{\g@addto@macro\elsauthors{\normalsize%
+ \def\baselinestretch{1}%
+ \upshape\authorsep#1\unskip\textsuperscript{%
+ \ifx\@fnmark\@empty\else\unskip\sep\@fnmark\let\sep=,\fi
+ \ifx\@corref\@empty\else\unskip\sep\@corref\let\sep=,\fi
+ }%
+ \def\authorsep{\unskip,\space}%
+ \global\let\@fnmark\@empty
+ \global\let\@corref\@empty
+ \global\let\sep\@empty}%
+ \@eadauthor={#1}
+}
+
+\def\elsaddress{}
+\def\addsep{\par\vskip6pt}
+\def\address{\@ifnextchar[{\@@address}{\@address}}
+
+\def\@alph#1{%
+ \ifcase#1\or a\or b\or c\or d\or e\or f\or g\or h\or i\or j\or k\or
+ l\or m\or n\or o\or p\or q\or r\or s\or t\or u\or v\or w\or x\or
+ y\or z%
+ \or aa\or ab\or ac\or ad\or ae\or af\or ag\or ah\or ai\or aj\or
+ ak\or al\or am\or an\or ao\or ap\or aq\or ar\or as\or at\or au\or
+ av\or aw\or ax\or ay\or az%
+ \or ba\or bb\or bc\or bd\or be\or bf\or bg\or bh\or bi\or bj\or
+ bk\or bl\or bm\or bn\or bo\or bp\or bq\or br\or bs\or bt\or bu\or
+ bv\or bw\or bx\or by\or bz%
+ \or ca\or cb\or cc\or cd\or ce\or cf\or cg\or ch\or ci\or cj\or
+ ck\or cl\or cm\or cn\or co\or cp\or cq\or cr\or cs\or ct\or cu\or
+ cv\or cw\or cx\or cy\or cz%
+ \or da\or db\or dc\or dd\or de\or df\or dg\or dh\or di\or dj\or
+ dk\or dl\or dm\or dn\or do\or dp\or dq\or dr\or ds\or dt\or du\or
+ dv\or dw\or dx\or dy\or dz%
+ \or ea\or eb\or ec\or ed\or ee\or ef\or eg\or eh\or ei\or ej\or
+ ek\or el\or em\or en\or eo\or ep\or eq\or er\or es\or et\or eu\or
+ ev\or ew\or ex\or ey\or ez%
+ \or fa\or fb\or fc\or fd\or fe\or ff\or fg\or fh\or fi\or fj\or
+ fk\or fl\or fm\or fn\or fo\or fp\or fq\or fr\or fs\or ft\or fu\or
+ fv\or fw\or fx\or fy\or fz%
+ \or ga\or gb\or gc\or gd\or ge\or gf\or gg\or gh\or gi\or gj\or
+ gk\or gl\or gm\or gn\or go\or gp\or gq\or gr\or gs\or gt\or gu\or
+ gv\or gw\or gx\or gy\or gz%
+ \else\@ctrerr\fi}
+
+\newcounter{affn}
+\renewcommand\theaffn{\alph{affn}}
+
+\long\def\@@address[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\elsaddress{%
+ \def\baselinestretch{1}%
+ \refstepcounter{affn}
+ \xdef\@currentlabel{\theaffn}
+ \elsLabel{#1}%
+ \textsuperscript{\theaffn}#2\par}}
+
+\long\def\@address#1{\g@addto@macro\elsauthors{%
+ \def\baselinestretch{1}%
+ \addsep\footnotesize\itshape#1\def\addsep{\par\vskip6pt}%
+ \def\authorsep{\par\vskip8pt}}}
+
+\newbox\absbox
+\renewenvironment{abstract}{\global\setbox\absbox=\vbox\bgroup
+ \hsize=\textwidth\def\baselinestretch{1}%
+ \noindent\unskip\textbf{Abstract}
+ \par\medskip\noindent\unskip\ignorespaces}
+ {\egroup}
+
+\newbox\keybox
+\def\keyword{%
+ \def\sep{\unskip, }%
+ \def\MSC{\@ifnextchar[{\@MSC}{\@MSC[2000]}}
+ \def\@MSC[##1]{\par\leavevmode\hbox {\it ##1~MSC:\space}}%
+ \def\PACS{\par\leavevmode\hbox {\it PACS:\space}}%
+ \def\JEL{\par\leavevmode\hbox {\it JEL:\space}}%
+ \global\setbox\keybox=\vbox\bgroup\hsize=\textwidth
+ \normalsize\normalfont\def\baselinestretch{1}
+ \parskip\z@
+ \noindent\textit{Keywords: }
+ \raggedright % Keywords are not justified.
+ \ignorespaces}
+\def\endkeyword{\par \egroup}
+
+\newdimen\Columnwidth
+\Columnwidth=\columnwidth
+
+\def\printFirstPageNotes{%
+ \iflongmktitle
+ \let\columnwidth=\textwidth\fi
+ \ifx\@tnotes\@empty\else\@tnotes\fi
+ \ifx\@nonumnotes\@empty\else\@nonumnotes\fi
+ \ifx\@cornotes\@empty\else\@cornotes\fi
+ \ifx\@elseads\@empty\relax\else
+ \let\thefootnote\relax
+ \footnotetext{\ifnum\theead=1\relax
+ \textit{Email address:\space}\else
+ \textit{Email addresses:\space}\fi
+ \@elseads}\fi
+ \ifx\@elsuads\@empty\relax\else
+ \let\thefootnote\relax
+ \footnotetext{\textit{URL:\space}%
+ \@elsuads}\fi
+ \ifx\@fnotes\@empty\else\@fnotes\fi
+ \iflongmktitle\if@twocolumn
+ \let\columnwidth=\Columnwidth\fi\fi
+}
+
+\long\def\pprintMaketitle{\clearpage
+ \iflongmktitle\if@twocolumn\let\columnwidth=\textwidth\fi\fi
+ \resetTitleCounters
+ \def\baselinestretch{1}%
+ \printFirstPageNotes
+ \begin{center}%
+ \thispagestyle{pprintTitle}%
+ \def\baselinestretch{1}%
+ \Large\@title\par\vskip18pt
+ \normalsize\elsauthors\par\vskip10pt
+ \footnotesize\itshape\elsaddress\par\vskip36pt
+ \hrule\vskip12pt
+ \ifvoid\absbox\else\unvbox\absbox\par\vskip10pt\fi
+ \ifvoid\keybox\else\unvbox\keybox\par\vskip10pt\fi
+ \hrule\vskip12pt
+ \end{center}%
+ \gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}%
+ }
+
+\def\printWarning{%
+ \mbox{}\par\vfill\par\bgroup
+ \fboxsep12pt\fboxrule1pt
+ \hspace*{.18\textwidth}
+ \fcolorbox{gray50}{gray10}{\box\warnbox}
+ \egroup\par\vfill\thispagestyle{empty}
+ \setcounter{page}{0}
+ \clearpage}
+
+\long\def\finalMaketitle{%
+ \resetTitleCounters
+ \def\baselinestretch{1}%
+ \MaketitleBox
+ \thispagestyle{pprintTitle}%
+ \gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}%
+ }
+
+\long\def\MaketitleBox{%
+ \resetTitleCounters
+ \def\baselinestretch{1}%
+ \begin{center}%
+ \def\baselinestretch{1}%
+ \Large\@title\par\vskip18pt
+ \normalsize\elsauthors\par\vskip10pt
+ \footnotesize\itshape\elsaddress\par\vskip36pt
+ \hrule\vskip12pt
+ \ifvoid\absbox\else\unvbox\absbox\par\vskip10pt\fi
+ \ifvoid\keybox\else\unvbox\keybox\par\vskip10pt\fi
+ \hrule\vskip12pt
+ \end{center}%
+ }
+
+\def\FNtext#1{\par\bgroup\footnotesize#1\egroup}
+\newdimen\space@left
+\def\alarm#1{\typeout{******************************}%
+ \typeout{#1}%
+ \typeout{******************************}%
+}
+\long\def\getSpaceLeft{%\global\@twocolumnfalse%
+ \global\setbox0=\vbox{\hsize=\textwidth\MaketitleBox}%
+ \global\setbox1=\vbox{\hsize=\textwidth
+ \let\footnotetext\FNtext
+ \printFirstPageNotes}%
+ \xdef\noteheight{\the\ht1}%
+ \xdef\titleheight{\the\ht0}%
+ \@tempdima=\vsize
+ \advance\@tempdima-\noteheight
+ \advance\@tempdima-1\baselineskip
+}
+
+ \skip\footins=24pt
+
+\newbox\els@boxa
+\newbox\els@boxb
+
+\ifpreprint
+ \def\maketitle{\pprintMaketitle}
+ \else
+ \ifnum\jtype=1
+ \def\maketitle{%
+ \iflongmktitle\getSpaceLeft
+ \global\setbox\els@boxa=\vsplit0 to \@tempdima
+ \box\els@boxa\par\resetTitleCounters
+ \thispagestyle{pprintTitle}%
+ \printFirstPageNotes
+ \box0%
+ \else
+ \finalMaketitle\printFirstPageNotes
+ \fi
+ \gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}}%
+ \else
+ \ifnum\jtype=5
+ \def\maketitle{%
+ \iflongmktitle\getSpaceLeft
+ \global\setbox\els@boxa=\vsplit0 to \@tempdima
+ \box\els@boxa\par\resetTitleCounters
+ \thispagestyle{pprintTitle}%
+ \printFirstPageNotes
+ \twocolumn[\box0]%\printFirstPageNotes
+ \else
+ \twocolumn[\finalMaketitle]\printFirstPageNotes
+ \fi
+ \gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}}
+ \else
+ \if@twocolumn
+ \def\maketitle{%
+ \iflongmktitle\getSpaceLeft
+ \global\setbox\els@boxa=\vsplit0 to \@tempdima
+ \box\els@boxa\par\resetTitleCounters
+ \thispagestyle{pprintTitle}%
+ \printFirstPageNotes
+ \twocolumn[\box0]%
+ \else
+ \twocolumn[\finalMaketitle]\printFirstPageNotes
+ \fi
+ \gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}}%
+ \else
+ \def\maketitle{%
+ \iflongmktitle\getSpaceLeft
+ \global\setbox\els@boxa=\vsplit0 to \@tempdima
+ \box\els@boxa\par\resetTitleCounters
+ \thispagestyle{pprintTitle}%
+ \printFirstPageNotes
+ \box0%
+ \else
+ \finalMaketitle\printFirstPageNotes
+ \fi
+ \gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}}%
+ \fi
+ \fi
+ \fi
+\fi
+\def\ps@pprintTitle{%
+ \let\@oddhead\@empty
+ \let\@evenhead\@empty
+ \def\@oddfoot{\footnotesize\itshape
+ Preprint submitted to \ifx\@journal\@empty Elsevier
+ \else\@journal\fi\hfill\today}%
+ \let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot}
+\def\@seccntDot{.}
+\def\@seccntformat#1{\csname the#1\endcsname\@seccntDot\hskip 0.5em}
+
+\renewcommand\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}%
+ {18\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
+ {9\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
+ {\normalsize\bfseries\boldmath}}
+\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
+ {12\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
+ {3\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
+ {\normalfont\normalsize\itshape}}
+\renewcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
+ {12\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
+ {\p@}%
+ {\normalfont\normalsize\itshape}}
+
+\def\paragraph{\secdef{\els@aparagraph}{\els@bparagraph}}
+\def\els@aparagraph[#1]#2{\elsparagraph[#1]{#2.}}
+\def\els@bparagraph#1{\elsparagraph*{#1.}}
+
+\newcommand\elsparagraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{0\z@}%
+ {10\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
+ {-6\p@}%
+ {\normalfont\itshape}}
+\newdimen\leftMargin
+\leftMargin=2em
+\newtoks\@enLab %\newtoks\@enfont
+\def\@enQmark{?}
+\def\@enLabel#1#2{%
+ \edef\@enThe{\noexpand#1{\@enumctr}}%
+ \@enLab\expandafter{\the\@enLab\csname the\@enumctr\endcsname}%
+ \@enloop}
+\def\@enSpace{\afterassignment\@enSp@ce\let\@tempa= }
+\def\@enSp@ce{\@enLab\expandafter{\the\@enLab\space}\@enloop}
+\def\@enGroup#1{\@enLab\expandafter{\the\@enLab{#1}}\@enloop}
+\def\@enOther#1{\@enLab\expandafter{\the\@enLab#1}\@enloop}
+\def\@enloop{\futurelet\@entemp\@enloop@}
+\def\@enloop@{%
+ \ifx A\@entemp \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\Alph }\else
+ \ifx a\@entemp \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\alph }\else
+ \ifx i\@entemp \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\roman }\else
+ \ifx I\@entemp \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\Roman }\else
+ \ifx 1\@entemp \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\arabic}\else
+ \ifx \@sptoken\@entemp \let\@tempa\@enSpace \else
+ \ifx \bgroup\@entemp \let\@tempa\@enGroup \else
+ \ifx \@enum@\@entemp \let\@tempa\@gobble \else
+ \let\@tempa\@enOther
+ \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi
+ \@tempa}
+\newlength{\@sep} \newlength{\@@sep}
+\setlength{\@sep}{.5\baselineskip plus.2\baselineskip
+ minus.2\baselineskip}
+\setlength{\@@sep}{.1\baselineskip plus.01\baselineskip
+ minus.05\baselineskip}
+\providecommand{\sfbc}{\rmfamily\upshape}
+\providecommand{\sfn}{\rmfamily\upshape}
+\def\@enfont{\ifnum \@enumdepth >1\let\@nxt\sfn \else\let\@nxt\sfbc \fi\@nxt}
+\def\enumerate{%
+ \ifnum \@enumdepth >3 \@toodeep\else
+ \advance\@enumdepth \@ne
+ \edef\@enumctr{enum\romannumeral\the\@enumdepth}\fi
+ \@ifnextchar[{\@@enum@}{\@enum@}}
+\def\@@enum@[#1]{%
+ \@enLab{}\let\@enThe\@enQmark
+ \@enloop#1\@enum@
+ \ifx\@enThe\@enQmark\@warning{The counter will not be printed.%
+ ^^J\space\@spaces\@spaces\@spaces The label is: \the\@enLab}\fi
+ \expandafter\edef\csname label\@enumctr\endcsname{\the\@enLab}%
+ \expandafter\let\csname the\@enumctr\endcsname\@enThe
+ \csname c@\@enumctr\endcsname7
+ \expandafter\settowidth
+ \csname leftmargin\romannumeral\@enumdepth\endcsname
+ {\the\@enLab\hskip\labelsep}%
+ \@enum@}
+\def\@enum@{\list{{\@enfont\csname label\@enumctr\endcsname}}%
+ {\usecounter{\@enumctr}\def\makelabel##1{\hss\llap{##1}}%
+ \ifnum \@enumdepth>1\setlength{\topsep}{\@@sep}\else
+ \setlength{\topsep}{\@sep}\fi
+ \ifnum \@enumdepth>1\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt plus1pt minus1pt}%
+ \else \setlength{\itemsep}{\@@sep}\fi
+ %\setlength\leftmargin{\leftMargin}%%%{1.8em}
+ \setlength{\parsep}{0pt plus1pt minus1pt}%
+ \setlength{\parskip}{0pt plus1pt minus1pt}
+ }}
+
+\def\endenumerate{\par\ifnum \@enumdepth >1\addvspace{\@@sep}\else
+ \addvspace{\@sep}\fi \endlist}
+
+\def\sitem{\@noitemargtrue\@item[\@itemlabel *]}
+
+\def\itemize{\@ifnextchar[{\@Itemize}{\@Itemize[]}}
+
+\def\@Itemize[#1]{\def\next{#1}%
+ \ifnum \@itemdepth >\thr@@\@toodeep\else
+ \advance\@itemdepth\@ne
+ \ifx\next\@empty\else\expandafter\def\csname
+ labelitem\romannumeral\the\@itemdepth\endcsname{#1}\fi%
+ \edef\@itemitem{labelitem\romannumeral\the\@itemdepth}%
+ \expandafter\list\csname\@itemitem\endcsname
+ {\def\makelabel##1{\hss\llap{##1}}}%
+ \fi}
+\def\newdefinition#1{%
+ \@ifnextchar[{\@odfn{#1}}{\@ndfn{#1}}}%]
+\def\@ndfn#1#2{%
+ \@ifnextchar[{\@xndfn{#1}{#2}}{\@yndfn{#1}{#2}}}
+\def\@xndfn#1#2[#3]{%
+ \expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
+ {\@definecounter{#1}\@newctr{#1}[#3]%
+ \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{%
+ \expandafter\noexpand\csname the#3\endcsname \@dfncountersep
+ \@dfncounter{#1}}%
+ \global\@namedef{#1}{\@dfn{#1}{#2}}%
+ \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@enddefinition}}}
+\def\@yndfn#1#2{%
+ \expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
+ {\@definecounter{#1}%
+ \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\@dfncounter{#1}}%
+ \global\@namedef{#1}{\@dfn{#1}{#2}}%
+ \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@enddefinition}}}
+\def\@odfn#1[#2]#3{%
+ \@ifundefined{c@#2}{\@nocounterr{#2}}%
+ {\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
+ {\global\@namedef{the#1}{\@nameuse{the#2}}
+ \global\@namedef{#1}{\@dfn{#2}{#3}}%
+ \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@enddefinition}}}}
+\def\@dfn#1#2{%
+ \refstepcounter{#1}%
+ \@ifnextchar[{\@ydfn{#1}{#2}}{\@xdfn{#1}{#2}}}
+\def\@xdfn#1#2{%
+ \@begindefinition{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}\ignorespaces}
+\def\@ydfn#1#2[#3]{%
+ \@opargbegindefinition{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}{#3}\ignorespaces}
+\def\@dfncounter#1{\noexpand\arabic{#1}}
+\def\@dfncountersep{.}
+\def\@begindefinition#1#2{\trivlist
+ \item[\hskip\labelsep{\bfseries #1\ #2.}]\upshape}
+\def\@opargbegindefinition#1#2#3{\trivlist
+ \item[\hskip\labelsep{\bfseries #1\ #2\ (#3).}]\upshape}
+\def\@enddefinition{\endtrivlist}
+
+\def\@begintheorem#1#2{\trivlist
+ \let\baselinestretch\@blstr
+ \item[\hskip \labelsep{\bfseries #1\ #2.}]\itshape}
+\def\@opargbegintheorem#1#2#3{\trivlist
+ \let\baselinestretch\@blstr
+ \item[\hskip \labelsep{\bfseries #1\ #2\ (#3).}]\itshape}
+
+\def\newproof#1{%
+ \@ifnextchar[{\@oprf{#1}}{\@nprf{#1}}}
+\def\@nprf#1#2{%
+ \@ifnextchar[{\@xnprf{#1}{#2}}{\@ynprf{#1}{#2}}}
+\def\@xnprf#1#2[#3]{%
+ \expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
+ {\@definecounter{#1}\@newctr{#1}[#3]%
+ \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{%
+ \expandafter\noexpand\csname the#3\endcsname \@prfcountersep
+ \@prfcounter{#1}}%
+ \global\@namedef{#1}{\@prf{#1}{#2}}%
+ \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endproof}}}
+\def\@ynprf#1#2{%
+ \expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
+ {\@definecounter{#1}%
+ \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\@prfcounter{#1}}%
+ \global\@namedef{#1}{\@prf{#1}{#2}}%
+ \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endproof}}}
+\def\@oprf#1[#2]#3{%
+ \@ifundefined{c@#2}{\@nocounterr{#2}}%
+ {\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
+ {\global\@namedef{the#1}{\@nameuse{the#2}}%
+ \global\@namedef{#1}{\@prf{#2}{#3}}%
+ \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endproof}}}}
+\def\@prf#1#2{%
+ \refstepcounter{#1}%
+ \@ifnextchar[{\@yprf{#1}{#2}}{\@xprf{#1}{#2}}}
+\def\@xprf#1#2{%
+ \@beginproof{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}\ignorespaces}
+\def\@yprf#1#2[#3]{%
+ \@opargbeginproof{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}{#3}\ignorespaces}
+\def\@prfcounter#1{\noexpand\arabic{#1}}
+\def\@prfcountersep{.}
+\def\@beginproof#1#2{\trivlist\let\baselinestretch\@blstr
+ \item[\hskip \labelsep{\scshape #1.}]\rmfamily}
+\def\@opargbeginproof#1#2#3{\trivlist\let\baselinestretch\@blstr
+ \item[\hskip \labelsep{\scshape #1\ (#3).}]\rmfamily}
+\def\@endproof{\endtrivlist}
+\newcommand*{\qed}{\hbox{}\hfill$\Box$}
+
+\@ifundefined{@biboptions}{\xdef\@biboptions{numbers}}{}
+\InputIfFileExists{\jobname.spl}{}{}
+\RequirePackage[\@biboptions]{natbib}
+
+\newwrite\splwrite
+\immediate\openout\splwrite=\jobname.spl
+\def\biboptions#1{\def\next{#1}\immediate\write\splwrite{%
+ \string\g@addto@macro\string\@biboptions{%
+ ,\expandafter\strip@prefix\meaning\next}}}
+
+\let\baselinestretch=\@blstr
+
+\ifnum\jtype=1
+ \RequirePackage{geometry}
+ \geometry{twoside,
+ paperwidth=210mm,
+ paperheight=297mm,
+ textheight=562pt,
+ textwidth=384pt,
+ centering,
+ headheight=50pt,
+ headsep=12pt,
+ footskip=12pt,
+ footnotesep=24pt plus 2pt minus 12pt,
+ }
+ \global\let\bibfont=\footnotesize
+ \global\bibsep=0pt
+ \if@twocolumn\global\@twocolumnfalse\fi
+\else\ifnum\jtype=3
+ \RequirePackage{geometry}
+ \geometry{twoside,
+ paperwidth=210mm,
+ paperheight=297mm,
+ textheight=622pt,
+ textwidth=468pt,
+ centering,
+ headheight=50pt,
+ headsep=12pt,
+ footskip=18pt,
+ footnotesep=24pt plus 2pt minus 12pt,
+ columnsep=2pc
+ }
+ \global\let\bibfont=\footnotesize
+ \global\bibsep=0pt
+ \if@twocolumn\input{fleqn.clo}\fi
+\else\ifnum\jtype=5
+ \RequirePackage{geometry}
+ \geometry{twoside,
+ paperwidth=210mm,
+ paperheight=297mm,
+ textheight=682pt,
+ textwidth=522pt,
+ centering,
+ headheight=50pt,
+ headsep=12pt,
+ footskip=18pt,
+ footnotesep=24pt plus 2pt minus 12pt,
+ columnsep=18pt
+ }%
+ \global\let\bibfont=\footnotesize
+ \global\bibsep=0pt
+ \input{fleqn.clo}
+ \global\@twocolumntrue
+%%
+%% End of option '5p'
+%%
+\fi\fi\fi
+\def\journal#1{\gdef\@journal{#1}}
+ \let\@journal\@empty
+\newenvironment{frontmatter}{}{\maketitle}
+
+\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{%
+ \vskip\abovecaptionskip\footnotesize
+ \sbox\@tempboxa{#1: #2}%
+ \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize
+ #1: #2\par
+ \else
+ \global \@minipagefalse
+ \hb@xt@\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}%
+ \fi
+ \vskip\belowcaptionskip}
+
+\AtBeginDocument{\@ifpackageloaded{hyperref}
+ {\def\@linkcolor{blue}
+ \def\@anchorcolor{blue}
+ \def\@citecolor{blue}
+ \def\@filecolor{blue}
+ \def\@urlcolor{blue}
+ \def\@menucolor{blue}
+ \def\@pagecolor{blue}
+\begingroup
+ \@makeother\`%
+ \@makeother\=%
+ \edef\x{%
+ \edef\noexpand\x{%
+ \endgroup
+ \noexpand\toks@{%
+ \catcode 96=\noexpand\the\catcode`\noexpand\`\relax
+ \catcode 61=\noexpand\the\catcode`\noexpand\=\relax
+ }%
+ }%
+ \noexpand\x
+ }%
+\x
+\@makeother\`
+\@makeother\=
+}{}}
+%%
+\def\appendixname{Appendix }
+\renewcommand\appendix{\par
+ \setcounter{section}{0}%
+ \setcounter{subsection}{0}%
+ \setcounter{equation}{0}
+ \gdef\thefigure{\@Alph\c@section.\arabic{figure}}%
+ \gdef\thetable{\@Alph\c@section.\arabic{table}}%
+ \gdef\thesection{\appendixname~\@Alph\c@section}%
+ \@addtoreset{equation}{section}%
+ \gdef\theequation{\@Alph\c@section.\arabic{equation}}%
+ \addtocontents{toc}{\string\let\string\numberline\string\tmptocnumberline}{}{}
+}
+
+%%%% \numberline width calculation for appendix.
+\newdimen\appnamewidth
+\def\tmptocnumberline#1{%
+ \setbox0=\hbox{\appendixname}
+ \appnamewidth=\wd0
+ \addtolength\appnamewidth{2.5pc}
+ \hb@xt@\appnamewidth{#1\hfill}
+}
+
+%% Added for work with amsrefs.sty
+
+\@ifpackageloaded{amsrefs}%
+ {}
+ {%\let\bibsection\relax%
+ \AtBeginDocument{\def\cites@b#1#2,#3{%
+ \begingroup[%
+ \toks@{\InnerCite{#2}#1}%
+ \ifx\@empty#3\@xp\@gobble\fi
+ \cites@c#3%
+}}}
+%%
+%% Added for avoiding clash with cleveref.sty
+
+\@ifpackageloaded{cleveref}%
+ {}
+ {\def\tnotetext[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\@tnotes{%
+ \refstepcounter{tnote}%
+ \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\Newlabel{#1}{\thetnote}}
+ \def\thefootnote{\ifcase\c@tnote\or\ding{73}\or\ding{73}\ding{73}\fi}%
+ \footnotetext{#2}}}
+%%%
+ \def\fntext[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\@fnotes{%
+ \refstepcounter{fnote}%
+ \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\Newlabel{#1}{\thefnote}}
+ \def\thefootnote{\thefnote}%
+ \global\setcounter{footnote}{\thefnote}%
+ \footnotetext{#2}}}
+%%%
+ \def\cortext[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\@cornotes{%
+ \refstepcounter{cnote}%
+ \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\Newlabel{#1}{\thecnote}}
+ \def\thefootnote{\ifcase\thecnote\or$\ast$\or
+ $\ast\ast$\fi}%
+ \footnotetext{#2}}}
+}
+\endinput
+%%
+%% End of file `elsarticle.cls'.
-\documentclass[smallextended]{svjour3}
+\documentclass[preprint]{elsarticle}
+
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
-\usepackage{mathptmx}
+
+\usepackage{newtxtext}
+\usepackage[cmintegrals]{newtxmath}
+%\usepackage{mathptmx,helvet,courier}
+
\usepackage{amsmath}
-\usepackage{courier}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{url}
\usepackage[ruled,lined]{algorithm2e}
-\newcommand{\abs}[1]{\lvert#1\rvert} % \abs{x} -> |x|
-
-\newenvironment{algodata}{%
- \begin{tabular}[t]{@{}l@{:~}l@{}}}{%
- \end{tabular}}
-
+%%% Remove this before submission
\newcommand{\FIXMEmargin}[1]{%
\marginpar{\textbf{[FIXME]} {\footnotesize #1}}}
\newcommand{\FIXME}[2][]{%
\ifx #2\relax\relax \FIXMEmargin{#1}%
\else \textbf{$\triangleright$\FIXMEmargin{#1}~#2}\fi}
+\newcommand{\abs}[1]{\lvert#1\rvert} % \abs{x} -> |x|
+
+\newenvironment{algodata}{%
+ \begin{tabular}[t]{@{}l@{:~}l@{}}}{%
+ \end{tabular}}
+
\newcommand{\VAR}[1]{\textit{#1}}
\begin{document}
-\title{Best effort strategy and virtual load
- for asynchronous iterative load balancing}
+\begin{frontmatter}
-\author{Raphaël Couturier \and
- Arnaud Giersch
-}
+\journal{Parallel Computing}
-\institute{R. Couturier \and A. Giersch \at
- FEMTO-ST, University of Franche-Comté, Belfort, France \\
- % Tel.: +123-45-678910\\
- % Fax: +123-45-678910\\
- \email{%
- raphael.couturier@femto-st.fr,
- arnaud.giersch@femto-st.fr}
-}
+\title{Best effort strategy and virtual load for\\
+ asynchronous iterative load balancing}
-\maketitle
+\author{Raphaël Couturier}
+\ead{raphael.couturier@femto-st.fr}
+\author{Arnaud Giersch\corref{cor}}
+\ead{arnaud.giersch@femto-st.fr}
-\begin{abstract}
-
-Most of the time, asynchronous load balancing algorithms have extensively been
-studied in a theoretical point of view. The Bertsekas and Tsitsiklis'
-algorithm~\cite[section~7.4]{bertsekas+tsitsiklis.1997.parallel}
-is certainly the most well known algorithm for which the convergence proof is
-given. From a practical point of view, when a node wants to balance a part of
-its load to some of its neighbors, the strategy is not described. In this
-paper, we propose a strategy called \emph{best effort} which tries to balance
-the load of a node to all its less loaded neighbors while ensuring that all the
-nodes concerned by the load balancing phase have the same amount of load.
-Moreover, asynchronous iterative algorithms in which an asynchronous load
-balancing algorithm is implemented most of the time can dissociate messages
-concerning load transfers and message concerning load information. In order to
-increase the converge of a load balancing algorithm, we propose a simple
-heuristic called \emph{virtual load} which allows a node that receives a load
-information message to integrate the load that it will receive later in its
-load (virtually) and consequently sends a (real) part of its load to some of its
-neighbors. In order to validate our approaches, we have defined a simulator
-based on SimGrid which allowed us to conduct many experiments.
+\address{FEMTO-ST, University of Franche-Comté\\
+ 19 avenue de Maréchal Juin, BP 527, 90016 Belfort cedex , France\\
+ % Tel.: +123-45-678910\\
+ % Fax: +123-45-678910\\
+}
+\cortext[cor]{Corresponding author.}
+\begin{abstract}
+ Most of the time, asynchronous load balancing algorithms have extensively been
+ studied in a theoretical point of view. The Bertsekas and Tsitsiklis'
+ algorithm~\cite[section~7.4]{bertsekas+tsitsiklis.1997.parallel} is certainly
+ the most well known algorithm for which the convergence proof is given. From a
+ practical point of view, when a node wants to balance a part of its load to
+ some of its neighbors, the strategy is not described. In this paper, we
+ propose a strategy called \emph{best effort} which tries to balance the load
+ of a node to all its less loaded neighbors while ensuring that all the nodes
+ concerned by the load balancing phase have the same amount of load. Moreover,
+ asynchronous iterative algorithms in which an asynchronous load balancing
+ algorithm is implemented most of the time can dissociate messages concerning
+ load transfers and message concerning load information. In order to increase
+ the converge of a load balancing algorithm, we propose a simple heuristic
+ called \emph{virtual load} which allows a node that receives a load
+ information message to integrate the load that it will receive later in its
+ load (virtually) and consequently sends a (real) part of its load to some of
+ its neighbors. In order to validate our approaches, we have defined a
+ simulator based on SimGrid which allowed us to conduct many experiments.
\end{abstract}
+% \begin{keywords}
+% %% keywords here, in the form: keyword \sep keyword
+% \end{keywords}
+
+\end{frontmatter}
+
\section{Introduction}
Load balancing algorithms are extensively used in parallel and distributed
\section{Virtual load}
\label{Virtual load}
-In this section, we present the concept of \texttt{virtual load}. In order to
+In this section, we present the concept of \emph{virtual load}. In order to
use this concept, load balancing messages must be sent using two different kinds
of messages: load information messages and load balancing messages. More
precisely, a node wanting to send a part of its load to one of its neighbors,
very quickly. In opposition, load balancing messages are often bigger and thus
require more time to be transferred.
-The concept of \texttt{virtual load} allows a node that received a load
+The concept of \emph{virtual load} allows a node that received a load
information message to integrate the load that it will receive later in its load
(virtually) and consequently send a (real) part of its load to some of its
neighbors. In fact, a node that receives a load information message knows that
\FIXME{conclude!}
-\begin{acknowledgements}
- Computations have been performed on the supercomputer facilities of
- the Mésocentre de calcul de Franche-Comté.
-\end{acknowledgements}
+\section*{Acknowledgements}
-\FIXME{find and add more references}
-\bibliographystyle{spmpsci}
+Computations have been performed on the supercomputer facilities of the
+Mésocentre de calcul de Franche-Comté.
+
+\bibliographystyle{elsarticle-num}
\bibliography{biblio}
+\FIXME{find and add more references}
\end{document}
