change of performance to execution time in a paper and plots

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diff --git a/fig/ep.pdf b/fig/ep.pdf
deleted file mode 100644 (file)
index 5ff28ca..0000000
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diff --git a/fig/file.eps b/fig/file.eps
old mode 100644 (file)
new mode 100755 (executable)
index 5161419..8370db2
--- a/fig/file.eps
+++ b/fig/file.eps
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 %!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0
 %%Title: file.eps
 %%Creator: gnuplot 4.6 patchlevel 0
-%%CreationDate: Thu May 15 12:29:17 2014
+%%CreationDate: Tue May 27 14:45:17 2014
 %%DocumentFonts: (atend)
 %%BoundingBox: 50 50 320 239
 %%EndComments
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ SDict begin [
   /Author (afanfakh)
 %  /Producer (gnuplot)
 %  /Keywords ()
-  /CreationDate (Thu May 15 12:29:17 2014)
+  /CreationDate (Tue May 27 14:45:17 2014)
   /DOCINFO pdfmark
 end
 } ifelse
@@ -602,7 +602,7 @@ LCb setrgbcolor
 /Helvetica findfont 200 scalefont setfont
 112 2029 M
 currentpoint gsave translate -270 rotate 0 0 M
-(Normalized energy and performance inv.) Cshow
+(Normalized energy and performance) Cshow
 grestore
 /Helvetica findfont 140 scalefont setfont
 LTb
@@ -617,8 +617,10 @@ LTb
 1700 646 M
 (Optimal scaling factor) Lshow
 /Helvetica findfont 140 scalefont setfont
+/Helvetica findfont 180 scalefont setfont
 889 3453 M
 (              ) Lshow
+/Helvetica findfont 140 scalefont setfont
 1.000 UL
 LTb
 1639 1342 M
@@ -653,7 +655,7 @@ LT0
 0.00 0.00 1.00 C LCb setrgbcolor
 /Helvetica findfont 190 scalefont setfont
 4496 3443 M
-(Normalized performance inv.) Rshow
+(Normalized performance) Rshow
 /Helvetica findfont 140 scalefont setfont
 LT0
 0.00 0.00 1.00 C 4580 3443 M

diff --git a/fig/file.pdf b/fig/file.pdf
deleted file mode 100644 (file)
index e87756b..0000000
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diff --git a/fig/file3.eps b/fig/file3.eps
old mode 100644 (file)
new mode 100755 (executable)
index c13fe7f..966085d
--- a/fig/file3.eps
+++ b/fig/file3.eps
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 %!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0
 %%Title: file3.eps
 %%Creator: gnuplot 4.6 patchlevel 0
-%%CreationDate: Thu May 15 12:30:18 2014
+%%CreationDate: Tue May 27 14:48:00 2014
 %%DocumentFonts: (atend)
 %%BoundingBox: 50 50 320 239
 %%EndComments
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ SDict begin [
   /Author (afanfakh)
 %  /Producer (gnuplot)
 %  /Keywords ()
-  /CreationDate (Thu May 15 12:30:18 2014)
+  /CreationDate (Tue May 27 14:48:00 2014)
   /DOCINFO pdfmark
 end
 } ifelse
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ LCb setrgbcolor
 /Helvetica findfont 200 scalefont setfont
 112 2029 M
 currentpoint gsave translate -270 rotate 0 0 M
-(Normalized energy and performance) Cshow
+(Normalized energy and execution time) Cshow
 grestore
 /Helvetica findfont 140 scalefont setfont
 LTb
@@ -577,8 +577,10 @@ LTb
 1700 752 M
 () Lshow
 /Helvetica findfont 140 scalefont setfont
+/Helvetica findfont 180 scalefont setfont
 889 1616 M
 (              ) Lshow
+/Helvetica findfont 140 scalefont setfont
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 % Begin plot #1
@@ -587,7 +589,7 @@ LT0
 0.00 0.00 1.00 C LCb setrgbcolor
 /Helvetica findfont 190 scalefont setfont
 4496 3443 M
-(Normalized performance) Rshow
+(Normalized execution time) Rshow
 /Helvetica findfont 140 scalefont setfont
 LT0
 0.00 0.00 1.00 C 4580 3443 M
@@ -656,3 +658,5 @@ stroke
 grestore
 end
 showpage
+%%Trailer
+%%DocumentFonts: Helvetica

diff --git a/fig/file3.pdf b/fig/file3.pdf
deleted file mode 100644 (file)
index b51c00c..0000000
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diff --git a/fig/ft.pdf b/fig/ft.pdf
deleted file mode 100644 (file)
index 28851e2..0000000
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diff --git a/paper.tex b/paper.tex
index da3fb812cc81531afc8ff4ec5448488cf6fe2b94..b272684ae8931f84ada9d6f2543cea793822fe50 100644 (file)
--- a/paper.tex
+++ b/paper.tex
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 \newcommand{\Pdyn}{\Xsub{P}{dyn}}
 \newcommand{\PnormInv}{\Xsub{P}{NormInv}}
 \newcommand{\Pnorm}{\Xsub{P}{Norm}}
+\newcommand{\Tnorm}{\Xsub{T}{Norm}}
 \newcommand{\Pstates}{\Xsub{P}{states}}
 \newcommand{\Pstatic}{\Xsub{P}{static}}
 \newcommand{\Sopt}{\Xsub{S}{opt}}
@@ -310,7 +311,7 @@ EQ~\eqref{eq:sopt}.
 \section{Performance evaluation of MPI programs}
 \label{sec.mpip}
 
-The performance (execution time) of parallel synchronous MPI applications depends
+The execution time of parallel synchronous MPI applications depends
 on the time of the slowest task.  If there is no
 communication and the application is not data bounded, the execution time of a
 parallel program is linearly proportional to the operational frequency and any
@@ -338,8 +339,8 @@ for each processor as presented in the next section.
 
 This section presents our approach for choosing the optimal scaling factor.
 This factor gives maximum energy reduction while taking into account the execution
-times for both computation and communication.  The relation between the performance
-and the energy is nonlinear and complex. Thus, unlike the relation between the performance and  the scaling factor,  the relation of energy with the scaling factor is nonlinear, for more details refer to~\cite{17}.  Moreover, they are not measured using the same metric.  To
+times for both computation and communication.  The relation between the execution time
+and the energy is nonlinear and complex. Thus, unlike the relation between the execution time and  the scaling factor,  the relation of energy with the scaling factor is nonlinear, for more details refer to~\cite{17}.  Moreover, they are not measured using the same metric.  To
 solve this problem, we normalize the energy by calculating the ratio between
 the consumed energy with scaled frequency and the consumed energy without scaled
 frequency:
@@ -352,32 +353,32 @@ frequency:
              \Pdyn \cdot \left(T_1+\sum_{i=2}^{N}\frac{T_i^3}{T_1^2}\right) +
                \Pstatic \cdot T_1 \cdot N }
 \end{multline}
-In the same way we can normalize the performance as follows:
+In the same way we can normalize the time as follows:
 \begin{equation}
   \label{eq:pnorm}
-  \Pnorm = \frac{\Tnew}{\Told}
+  \Tnorm = \frac{\Tnew}{\Told}
          = \frac{\TmaxCompOld \cdot S + \TmaxCommOld}{
              \TmaxCompOld + \TmaxCommOld}
 \end{equation}
 The second problem is that the optimization operation for both energy and
-performance is not in the same direction.  In other words, the normalized energy
-and the performance curves are not at the same direction see
+execution time is not in the same direction.  In other words, the normalized energy
+and the execution time curves are not at the same direction see
 Figure~\ref{fig:rel}\subref{fig:r2}.  While the main goal is to optimize the
-energy and performance in the same time.  According to the
+energy and execution time in the same time.  According to the
 equations~\eqref{eq:enorm} and~\eqref{eq:pnorm}, the scaling factor $S$ reduce
-both the energy and the performance simultaneously.  But the main objective is
-to produce maximum energy reduction with minimum performance reduction.  Many
+both the energy and the execution time simultaneously.  But the main objective is
+to produce maximum energy reduction with minimum execution time reduction.  Many
 researchers used different strategies to solve this nonlinear problem for
 example see~\cite{19,42}, their methods add big overheads to the algorithm to
 select the suitable frequency.  In this paper we present a method to find the
-optimal scaling factor $S$ to optimize both energy and performance
+optimal scaling factor $S$ to optimize both energy and execution time
 simultaneously without adding a big overhead.  Our solution for this problem is
-to make the optimization process for energy and performance follow the same
-direction.  Therefore, we inverse the equation of the normalized performance as
+to make the optimization process for energy and execution time follow the same
+direction.  Therefore, we inverse the equation of the normalized execution time as
 follows:
 \begin{equation}
   \label{eq:pnorm_en}
-  \Pnorm^{-1} = \frac{ \Told}{ \Tnew}
+  \Pnorm = \frac{ \Told}{ \Tnew}
                = \frac{\TmaxCompOld +
                  \TmaxCommOld}{\TmaxCompOld \cdot S +
                  \TmaxCommOld}
@@ -392,7 +393,7 @@ follows:
   \label{fig:rel}
 \end{figure}
 Then, we can model our objective function as finding the maximum distance
-between the energy curve EQ~\eqref{eq:enorm} and the inverse of performance
+between the energy curve EQ~\eqref{eq:enorm} and the inverse of execution time (performance)
 curve EQ~\eqref{eq:pnorm_en} over all available scaling factors.  This
 represents the minimum energy consumption with minimum execution time (better
 performance) at the same time, see Figure~\ref{fig:rel}\subref{fig:r1}.  Then
@@ -400,7 +401,7 @@ our objective function has the following form:
 \begin{equation}
   \label{eq:max}
   \MaxDist = \max_{j=1,2,\dots,F}
-      (\overbrace{\Pnorm^{-1}(S_j)}^{\text{Maximize}} -
+      (\overbrace{\Pnorm(S_j)}^{\text{Maximize}} -
        \overbrace{\Enorm(S_j)}^{\text{Minimize}} )
 \end{equation}
 where $F$ is the number of available frequencies. Then we can select the optimal
@@ -443,10 +444,10 @@ the objective function described above.
                 \Pdyn \cdot
                   \left(T_1+\sum_{i=2}^{N}\frac{T_i^3}{T_1^2}\right) +
                   \Pstatic \cdot T_1 \cdot N }$
-      \State $\PnormInv \gets \Told / \Tnew$
-      \If{$(\PnormInv - \Enorm > \Dist)$}
+      \State $\Pnorm \gets \Told / \Tnew$
+      \If{$(\Pnorm - \Enorm > \Dist)$}
         \State $\Sopt \gets S$
-        \State $\Dist \gets \PnormInv - \Enorm$
+        \State $\Dist \gets \Pnorm - \Enorm$
       \EndIf
     \EndFor
     \State  Return $\Sopt$
@@ -524,9 +525,9 @@ Each node in the cluster has 18 frequency values
 from \np[GHz]{2.5} to \np[MHz]{800} with \np[MHz]{100} difference between each
 two successive frequencies. The nodes are connected via an ethernet network with 1Gbit/s  bandwidth. 
 
-\subsection{Performance prediction verification}
+\subsection{Execution time prediction verification}
 
-In this section we evaluate the precision of our performance prediction method
+In this section we evaluate the precision of our execution time prediction method
 based on EQ~\eqref{eq:tnew} by applying it to the NAS benchmarks.  The NAS programs
 are executed with the class B option to compare the real execution time with
 the predicted execution time.  Each program runs offline with all available
@@ -566,14 +567,14 @@ and Rünger in~\cite{3}.  The results showed that the algorithm selected
 different scaling factors for each program depending on the communication
 features of the program as in the plots from Figure~\ref{fig:nas}.  These plots
 illustrate that there are different distances between the normalized energy and
-the normalized inverted performance curves, because there are different
+the normalized inverted execution time curves, because there are different
 communication features for each benchmark.  When there are little or no
-communications, the inverted performance curve is very close to the energy
+communications, the inverted execution time curve is very close to the energy
 curve.  Then the distance between the two curves is very small.  This leads to
 small energy savings.  The opposite happens when there are a lot of
 communication, the distance between the two curves is big.  This leads to more
 energy savings (e.g. CG and FT), see Table~\ref{table:compareC}.  All discovered
-frequency scaling factors optimize both the energy and the performance
+frequency scaling factors optimize both the energy and the execution time
 simultaneously for all NAS benchmarks.  In Table~\ref{table:compareC}, we record
 all optimal scaling factors results for each benchmark running class C.  These
 scaling factors give the maximum energy saving percentage and the minimum
@@ -604,7 +605,7 @@ savings).
 
 In this section, we compare our scaling factor selection method with Rauber and
 Rünger methods~\cite{3}.  They had two scenarios, the first is to reduce energy
-to the optimal level without considering the performance as in
+to the optimal level without considering the execution time as in
 EQ~\eqref{eq:sopt}.  We refer to this scenario as $R_{E}$.  The second scenario
 is similar to the first except setting the slower task to the maximum frequency
 (when the scale $S=1$) to keep the performance from degradation as mush as
@@ -684,10 +685,10 @@ In this paper, we have presented a new online scaling factor selection method
 that optimizes simultaneously the energy and performance of a distributed
 application running on a homogeneous cluster.  It uses the computation and
 communication times measured at the first iteration to predict energy
-consumption and the performance of the parallel application at every available
+consumption and the execution time of the parallel application at every available
 frequency.  Then, it selects the scaling factor that gives the best trade-off
 between energy reduction and performance which is the maximum distance between
-the energy and the inverted performance curves.  To evaluate this method, we
+the energy and the inverted eexecution time curves.  To evaluate this method, we
 have applied it to the NAS benchmarks and it was compared to Rauber and Rünger
 methods while being executed on the simulator SimGrid.  The results showed that
 our method, outperforms Rauber and Rünger's methods in terms of energy-performance